ómalingwe lir’ amaldar

*sang a gentle tune with many voices

Variations

• Ómalingwe lir’ amaldar ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

oïkta rámavoite karneambarai

*of red-breasted birds on the wing

Variations

• Oïkta rámavoite karneambarai ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

súlimarya sildai, hiswa timpe

*slender columns of pearl, a dim rain

Variations

• Súlimarya sildai, hiswa timpe ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

aiqa

adjective. steep, tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief

Derivations

• ᴱ√AIK(W)-
• ᴱ✶aikwa “high, steep” ✧ PE13/158

Cognates

• En. aig “high, steep” ✧ PE13/158

Element in

• Eq. aiqie “highness, height” ✧ PE15/74
• Eq. aiqale “a steep, steepness” ✧ QL/029
• Eq. aiqasse “precipice” ✧ QL/029
• Eq. aiqaire “fir, pine (tree)” ✧ QL/029
• Eq. tyulmin talalínen aiqalin kautáron “the tall masts bent with the sails” ✧ MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶aik-wa > aiqa	[aikʷā] > [aikʷa]	✧ PE13/158

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
aiqalin	nominative plural	“tall”	✧ MC/216; PE16/100
aikvalin	nominative plural	-	✧ PE16/104

san rotser simpetalla pinqe

*then pipes playing their thin music

Variations

• San rotser simpetalla pinqe ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

piliningwe súyer nalla qanta

*the airs are so full

Variations

• Piliningwe súyer nalla qanta ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

nierme mintya náre qanta

*reminds me that is is filled with grief

Variations

• Nierme mintya náre qanta ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

ai lindórea lasselanta

*oh with singing at dawn Fall

Variations

• Ai lindórea Lasselanta ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

kúva lunde (silmea)

*crescent phase (of the moon)

Variations

• kūva lunde (silmea) ✧ QL/056

n·alalmino hyá lanta lasse

*from the elm-tree here a leaf falls

Variations

• N·alalmino hyá lanta lasse ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

kasta

noun. cause, motive, ultimate reason

@@@ compare vasta

Derivations

• ᴱ√KAHA “cause” ✧ QL/043

Cognates

• G. caith “cause, reason, motive”

aure

noun. sunlight, sunshine, gold light, warmth

Derivations

• ᴱ√AWA “burn; be parched, yellow, warm” ✧ QL/033

Element in

• Eq. aurea “sunny, sunlit” ✧ QL/033
• Eq. aurqila “golden, sunlit” ✧ QL/033

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AWA > aure	[awri] > [awre] > [aure]	✧ QL/033

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
aurĭ-	stem	-	✧ QL/033

ar váro naltur an ómi karmar

*but rather they are to all deeds

Variations

• ar vāro naltur an ōmi karmar ✧ PE15/32

Element in

• Eq. Sí Qente Feanor ✧ PE15/32

akaire

noun. ‘living beside’, wedded life

A noun for “wedded life” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, more literally “living beside”, based on the early root ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” (QL/46).

Derivations

• ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” ✧ QL/046

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√KAYA > akaire	[akajri] > [akajre] > [akaire]	✧ QL/046

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
akairi-	stem	-	✧ QL/046

â

noun. mind, inner thought

Derivations

• ᴱ√AHA “know” ✧ QL/029

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√‘AHA > â	[axa] > [aɣa] > [ā]	✧ QL/029

ar i·kiryo kaluváre talain kulukalmalínen

*and the sails of the ship will shine with golden lights

The fourth phrase (lines 7-8) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the ar(a) “and” followed by the definitive genitive form i·kiryo of kirya “ship”. This genitive apparently applies to the subject of the phrase talain, the nominative plural of tala “sail”, which follows the verb kaluváre, the future 3rd-singular feminine form of kala- “to shine”.

The phrase ends with a long compound combining kulu “gold” and the instrumental plural of kalma “light”: falmarínen = “with lights”. This compound kulukalmalínen apparently describes the means by which the sails shine.

The phrase loosely corresponds to the seventh and eighth lines of the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “the boat shining with distant/misty lights”. Other than the words “boat”, “shine” and “with lights”, nothing else matches.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ar i·kiry-o kal-uvá-re tala-i-n kulu-kalma-lí-nen = “*and the·ship-of shine-(future)-she sail-(plural)-(nominative) gold-light-(plural)-with”

Variations

• ar {i·kirya >>} i·kiryo kaluvaare talain kulukalmaliinen ✧ PE16/077

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version)

torwa pior má tarasse

*the dark-brown fruit in the hand of the hawthorns

Variations

• Torwa pior má tarasse ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

kuluvai ya karnevalinar

*of golden feathers and orange-red ones too

Variations

• Kuluvai ya karnevalinar ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

vírin

noun. glass substance [used to make the Moon]

Variations

• virin ✧ GL/24
• Vírin ✧ LT1I/Vírin

Cognates

• G. brin(in) “glassy substance” ✧ GL/24; LT2A/Failivrin

eruman

place name. beyond the abode of the Mánir

Variations

• Erumáni ✧ GL/20; LT1/131; LT1A/Eruman; LT2I/Eruman
• Erumàni ✧ GL/31
• Erumāni ✧ QL/036

Changes

• Eruman → Araman ✧ LT1/083

Derivations

• ᴱ√EÐE “out” ✧ LT1A/Neni Erúmëar
• ᴱ✶Eðusmānī “beyond the abode of the Mánir” ✧ QL/036

Cognates

• G. Edhofon ✧ GL/20; GL/31; LT1A/Eruman

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶eruᶻmāni > Erumāni	[eðusmānī] > [eðusmāni] > [eðuzmāni] > [ezuzmāni] > [ezumāni] > [erumāni]	✧ QL/036

v’ematte sinqi eldamar

*that they call to mind the gems of Elven-home

Variations

• V’ematte sinqi Eldamar ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

san sirilla ter i·aldar

*at that time following through the trees

Variations

• San sirilla ter i·aldar ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

kiryan kantalár

kiryan kantalár

Variations

• kiryan {lantuváre >>} lantumáre ✧ PE16/057
• kiryan {kantalára >>} kantalár ✧ PE16/060

alkarissen oilimain

*in the last rays of light

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version)

alkarissen oilimain

in the last rays of light

The twenty-first phrase (line 25) of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/221) and the fifteenth phrase (line 26) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the locative plural of alkar “rays of light”, followed by a poetic plural form of the adjective oilima “last”, as indicated by the Glossary Commentary accompanying the sixth draft (PE16/75).

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> alkar-i-ssen oilima-in = “*ray-(plural)-in last-(plural)”

Conceptual Development: This phrase also appeared in the fourth, fifth and sixth drafts (OM1d-f: PE16/62, 72, 74). Tolkien first wrote the phrase in the fourth draft with both the noun and adjective in the locative, but without the final n: alkarisse oilimasse (OM1d: PE16/62). In the fifth draft he switched from the noun alkar to the adjective alkara, and changed the second word to the locative of the (adjective?) panyara of unclear meaning (OM1e: PE16/72). He settled on the final form of the phrase in the sixth draft (OM1f: PE16/74), and retained it for the final draft (MC/221).

Variations

• alkarisse oilimasse ✧ PE16/062
• alkarasse {oilimasse >> wanyarasse >>} panyarasse ✧ PE16/072
• {alkarasse >> alkaraisen >>} alkarissen oilimain ✧ PE16/074
• alkarissen {oilimaisen >>} oilimain ✧ PE16/077

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (First Version)

Elements

Word	Gloss
alka	“ray (of light), light of day; shining”
oilima	“last”

avanwa

adjective. going, passing, nearly gone

Derivations

• ᴱ√AVA “go away, depart, leave” ✧ QL/033

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AVA > avanwa	[aβanwā] > [aβanwa] > [avanwa]	✧ QL/033

ala fuin oilimaite

after the last night

The twentieth phrase (lines 24 and 26) of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/221). The first word is the preposition ala “after”, followed by the nominative form of the noun fui “night” and the adjective oilimaite “night”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ala fui-n oilimaite = “*before night-(nominative) last”

Conceptual Development: This phrase also appeared in the fourth, fifth and sixth drafts, though the number of times it appeared varied (OM1d-f: PE16/62, 72, 74). It appeared twice in the final draft, on lines 24 and 26 (MC/221). In the fourth draft, ala was translated “before” rather than “after” (PE16/62, 68).

Variations

• älä fuuin oilimaite ✧ PE16/072; PE16/072; PE16/072

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (First Version)

ala fuin oilimaite

after the last night

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (First Version)

ar tanda kirya lúte

ar tanda kirya lúte

Variations

• ar tanda {kiryaiko >>} kirya {lunte >>} lūte ✧ PE16/060

n·alalmino lalantila

*from the elm-tree falling one by one

Variations

• N·alalmino lalantila ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

ala hui oilimaite

*before the last night

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version)

ala hui oilimaite

*before the last night

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version)

ala hui oilimaite

*before the last night

The repeated thirteenth, fourteenth and sixteenth phrases (lines 24, 25 and 27) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is ala “before” followed by hui “night” and oilimaite “last”. This phrase corresponds to phrase in the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “before the last night”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ala hui oilimaite = “*before night last”

Conceptual Development: The second word “night” was first written fuin (line 24) or fui (lines 25 and 27).

Variations

• ala {fuin >>} hui oilimaite ✧ PE16/077
• ala {fui >>} hui oilimaite ✧ PE16/077; PE16/077

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version)

Elements

Word	Gloss
ala	“beyond, after; before”
hui	“dark, murk, fog; night, evening”
oilimaite	“final, ultimate, last”

amillo

masculine name. One of the Happy Folk, Hilary

Youngest of the Valar in the earliest Lost Tales, also called Ómar (LT1/67). In the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s, Tolkien glossed this name as “One of the Happy Folk, Hilary”, but did not provide any further etymological information (QL/30).

Cognates

• G. Gamlos ✧ PE14/013

Element in

• Eq. Amillion “February” ✧ LT1A/Amillo; QL/030

hulále

noun. babble, chatter, conversation

Variations

• holále ✧ QL/040; QL/041
• hulāle ✧ QL/050

Derivations

• ᴱ√HO “shout, scream” ✧ QL/040

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√HO > holále	[xolālē] > [xolāle] > [holāle]	✧ QL/040

ulird(e)a

adjective. pitiless, cruel, (lit.) without bowels

@@@ possibly based on unattested hir(d) “innards, bowels, guts”, cognate of ᴱN. girdh, as suggested by Damien Bador in private correspondance

Variations

• olirdea ✧ PE13/161

Derivations

• ᴱ✶ur’-irda ✧ PE13/144

Cognates

• En. olerdh “pitiless, cruel, (lit.) without bowels” ✧ PE13/144; PE13/161

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶ur’-irda > ulird(e)a	[urɣirdā] > [urɣirda] > [urirda] > [ulirda]	✧ PE13/144

alkantaniéren úrio kalmainen

made it shine in the lights of the sun

Variations

• alkantaméren úrio kalmainen ✧ MC/216
• alkantanieeren uurio kalmainen ✧ PE16/104

Element in

• Eq. Earendel (Poem)

ar tanda kiryaiko lúte

ar tanda kiryaiko lúte

Variations

• ar tanda kiryaiko lunte ✧ PE16/056
• ar tanda kiryaiko {lunte >> lunse >> si linqe >>} lunte ✧ PE16/057
• ar tanda kiryaiko {lunte >>} lūte ✧ PE16/060

kiw-

verb. *to germinate, impregnate

Variations

• kiu̯ ✧ GL/39

Derivations

• ᴱ√GIWI “*germinate, impregnate” ✧ GL/39

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√giu̯i > kiu̯	[giw-] > [kiw-]	✧ GL/39

sí qente feanor

Sí Qente Feanor

Elements

Word	Gloss
néri ur natsi nostalen máre	“*men are not beings good by nature”
ar váro naltur an ómi karmar	“*but rather they are to all deeds”
– ulqe núsimar –	“*– evil inclined”
sí qente Feanor n·istaléra	“*now said Feanor the wise”
varúse qentier nóvo san i	“*in other manner than was said before”
malto ísier i nosta – Qarda	“*by those from whom this birth was known – less”
qentien no máre nar i hondor	“*than good, I said, are the hearts”
nérinwe ar ómu nalto úsiére	“*of these men and although they have escaped”
i limbelu tuktalla nai mára	“*the long search may be good”
nalto fustúme ma Melkon i	“*they can be smelled out by Melko whom”
var limpilto var túkielto	“*they are bound to or have looked for”
– en i úmavaisor	“*– there on the throne of hate”
listanelto in otso qarda	“*they blessed the great evil”

tende

noun. sense of touch, sense, sensation, feeling

Derivations

• ᴱ√TENE “touch, feel” ✧ QL/091

Element in

• Eq. tendile “feeling, sentiment” ✧ QL/091

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√TENE > tende	[tendi] > [tende]	✧ QL/091

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
tendi-	stem	-	✧ QL/091

ar wingildin wilwarindeën

and the foam-like butterflies

Variations

• ar wingildi wilwarindear ✧ PE16/090; PE16/092

Element in

• Eq. Nieninqe

arean

noun. wilderness, deserted place

Derivations

• ᴱ√ARA “(be) dry” ✧ QL/032

Cognates

• G. armin “desert, waste”

Element in

• Eq. Areandor “(Land of) Desert” ✧ PME/032

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ARA > arean	[areandǝ] > [areand] > [arean]	✧ QL/032

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
areand-	stem	-	✧ QL/032

ailinissen oilimaisen

*on the last shores

The twelfth phrase (line 23) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). It is the locative plural of the noun ailin “shore” and the adjective oilima “last”. This phrase corresponds to the lines of the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “on the final/ultimate shore”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ailinissen oilimaisen = “*shore-(plural)-on last-(plural)-on”

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version)

aiqale

noun. a steep, steepness

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. aiqale “a steep [thing], steepness” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an abstract noun form of ᴱQ. aiqa “steep” appearing nearby (QL/29). Since ᴹQ. aiqa “steep” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/AYAK), perhaps this word can be salvaged for Neo-Quenya writing as ᴺQ. aiqualë.

Element in

• Eq. anwe or aiqale elta súrut lunte aiwendon lossiattea “*went on the heights driven by the wind a ship like a bird with a blossom-white neck” ✧ PE16/147

kala

noun. light, daytime (sunlight), 12 hours

Variations

• kala ✧ GL/37; GL/39 (kala); QL/044

Derivations

• ᴱ✶kalā ✧ GL/39
  • ᴱ√KALA “shine golden”
• ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” ✧ QL/044

Cognates

• G. gal(a) “daylight, light” ✧ GL/37
• G. glâ “day, daytime” ✧ GL/39

Element in

• Eq. ilkala “*nighttime, darkness”
• Eq. i·kal’antúlien “Light hath returned” ✧ LT1/184

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶kalā > kala	[kalā] > [kala]	✧ GL/39
ᴱ√KALA > kala	[galā] > [gala] > [kala]	✧ QL/044

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
kal’	elided	“light”	✧ LT1/184

ailissen oilimaisen

upon the last beaches

The nineteenth phrase (line 23) of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/221). The first word is the locative plural of the noun aile “beach” and followed by the adjective oilima, also in locative plural form to agree with its noun.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ailissen oilimaisen = “*beach-(plural)-upon last-(plural)-upon”

Conceptual Development: This phrase also appeared in the fourth, fifth and sixth drafts, though the number of times it appeared varied, as did the exact form of the locative plurals (OM1d-f: PE16/62, 72, 74).

Variations

• {ailim’ >>} ailinisse {te} oilimasse ✧ PE16/062
• ailisse oilimasse ✧ PE16/062
• ailinisse oilimasse ✧ PE16/062
• äilisse oilimasse ✧ PE16/072
• äilinisse oilimasse ✧ PE16/072
• ailissen {oilimasse >>} oilimaisen ✧ PE16/074

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (First Version)

oilimisse alkarasse

oilimisse alkarasse

Variations

• {alkarisse oilimasse >> oilimasse alkarisse >>} oilimisse alkarasse ✧ PE16/062

lilta lie noldorinwa

*the dancing gnome-folk

Variations

• Lilta lie noldorinwa ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

áma

noun. mind, heart, thought

Variations

• āma ✧ GL/62

Derivations

• ᴱ√AHA “know”

Cognates

• G. ôm “mind, heart, thought” ✧ GL/62

ai lintuilind(ov)a lasselanta

*oh Fall with its many swallows

Variations

• Ai lintuilind(ov)a Lasselanta ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

tukalla sangar úmeai

*attracting large throngs

Variations

• Tukalla sangar úmeai ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

apanta-

verb. to open, reveal, show, display

Derivations

• ᴱ√PṆTṆ “open, spread out, show” ✧ QL/034

Element in

• Eq. apantie “display” ✧ QL/034

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√PATA² > apanta-	[apṇta-] > [apanta-]	✧ QL/034

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
apante	past	-	✧ QL/034
[apant]ane	past	-	✧ QL/034

ailinisse alkarain

upon the shining shore

The twenty-second and final phrase (line 27) of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/221). The first word is the locative plural of ailin “shore” followed by the plural form of the adjective alkara “shining”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ailin-i-sse alkara-in = “*beach-(plural)-upon shining-(plural)”

Conceptual Development: This phrase initially appeared in the sixth draft, where Tolkien briefly considered making the first word the locative form of oilima “last” (OM1f: PE16/74).

Variations

• {oilimisse >>} ailinisse alkarain ✧ PE16/074

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (First Version)

ailinissen alkarain

*upon the shining shore

The seventeenth and final phrase (line 28) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the locative plural of ailin “shore” followed by the plural of alkara “shining”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ailin-i-ssen alkara-in = “*shore-(plural)-on shining-(plural)”

Conceptual Development: The second word “shining” was initially written as the locative plural alkaraisen (PE16/80).

Variations

• ailinissen {alkaraisen >>} alkarain ✧ PE16/077

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version)

kópas alqalunte(n)

place name. Haven of the Swanships

Earliest name of the swan have of the Sea Elves, appearing both with (LT2/82) and without (LT1/164) the genitive suffix -n.

Variations

• Cópas Alqalunten ✧ LBI/Cópas Alqalunten; LT2A/Cópas Alqalunten; LT2I/Cópas Alqalunten
• Kópas Alqaluntë ✧ LT1/164; LT1I/Kópas Alqaluntë; SMI/Kópas Alqaluntë; TII/Kópas Alqaluntë
• Kópas Alqalunten ✧ LT1I/Kópas Alqaluntë

ne·súme lasser pínea

*small leaves were in the wind

Variations

• Ne·súme lasser pínea ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

surussin lurdon lausto

surussin lurdon lausto

Variations

• {surui >>} surussin surdon lausto ✧ PE16/057

harwalin

place name. Near the Valar

Variations

• Harvalien ✧ GL/48 (Harvalien); LT1/155 (Harvalien); LT1I/Eruman (Harvalien)
• Harmalin ✧ LT1/022 (Harmalin); LT1/079 (Harmalin); LT1/085; LT1/155 (Harmalin); LT1/155 (Harmalin); LT1I/Eruman (Harmalin)
• Harwali(e)n ✧ PME/039
• Harẇalien ✧ QL/039
• Harẇalin ✧ QL/039

Changes

• Harvalien → Arvalin ✧ GL/48
• Harmalin → Arvalin ✧ LT1/022
• Harwalin → Harmalin ✧ LT1/022
• Harmalin → Arvalin ✧ LT1/079
• Harwalin → Erumáni ✧ LT1/131
• Harmalin → Eruman ✧ LT1/155
• Harvalien → Arvalin ✧ LT1/155
• Harmalin → Harvalien ✧ LT1/155
• Harwalin → Arvalin ✧ LT1I/Eruman
• Harvalien → Arvalin ✧ LT1I/Eruman
• Harmalin → Arvalin ✧ LT1I/Eruman

Cognates

• G. Hathwalin ✧ GL/48
• Eilk. Habbanan “*Low-country” ✧ QL/039

úmavaisor

proper name. *Throne of Hate

Variations

• ūmavaisor ✧ PE15/32

Element in

• Eq. – en i úmavaisor “*– there on the throne of hate” ✧ PE15/32

ala

preposition. beyond, after; before

Variations

• ala ✧ MC/214; MC/221; MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/074; PE16/074; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/077; PE16/077
• älä ✧ PE16/072; PE16/072; PE16/072

Derivations

• ᴱ√ALA “spread‽”

Element in

• Eq. ala fuin oilimaite “after the last night” ✧ MC/221; MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/072; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/074; PE16/074
• Eq. ala hui oilimaite “*before the last night” ✧ PE16/077; PE16/077; PE16/077
• Eq. aire móre ala tinwi “the old darkness beyond the stars” ✧ MC/214

avíka

adjective. very much alike

Variations

• avīka ✧ QL/030

Elements

Word	Gloss
a-	“*intensive prefix”
víke	“like”
-a	“adjectival suffix”

oïkta rámavoite malinai

*of yellow birds on the wing

Variations

• Oïkta rámavoite malinai ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

ar i·súru laustuváro lintataurelasselindon

*and the wind will roar like many forest leaves

The fifth phrase (lines 9-10) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the ar(a) “and” followed by the definitive form i·súru of súru “wind” and the future 3rd-singular masculine inflection of the verb lausta- “to roar”. The noun súru seems to be the subject even though it is not inflected into the nominative.

The phrase ends with a long compound combining li(n)- “many”, taure “forest” and the adverbial plural form of lasse “leaf”: lasselindon = “like leaves”. The uninflected compound lintataurelasse is translated “many many forest leaves” in the notes accompanying the poem. Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter suggest that the element -ta- may be a reduplication of the initial part of the following word taure “forest” (PE16/79).

The phrase loosely corresponds to the ninth and tenth lines of the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “who shall hear the wind roaring like leaves of (all) forests”, but is closer to the lines in the first English translation LA1a (PE16/67): “the wind was roaring like leaves of a forest”, which is almost the same except for the tense of the verb.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ar i·súru laust-uvá-ro lin-ta-taure-lasse-li-ndon = “*and the·wind roar-(future)-he many-many-forest-leaf-(plural)-like”

Variations

• ar i·suuru laustuvaaro lintataurelasselindon ✧ PE16/077
• lintataurelasse ✧ PE16/077

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version)

aryúlima

adjective. equal, equivalent

Variations

• aryūlima ✧ GL/20

Cognates

• G. argulthion “equal, equivalent” ✧ GL/20

Elements

Word	Gloss
are	“beside, along”
yulu-	“to carry”
-ima	“-able, possible”

kildo kirya noiko

kildo kirya noiko

Variations

• kildo kirya {naika >>} noiko ✧ PE16/060

kaita-

verb. to place, lie down

Derivations

• ᴱ✶kaı̯- “to lie down” ✧ PE14/058
  • ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell”
• ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” ✧ QL/046

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶kaı̯ > kaita	[kajta-] > [kaita-]	✧ PE14/058
ᴱ√KAYA > kaita-	[kajta-] > [kaita-]	✧ QL/046

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
kaine	past	-	✧ PE14/058
kaita	present	“lie down”	✧ PE14/058

karmalin(da)

noun. russet, orange-red

Variations

• karwalin ✧ PME/049; QL/048 (karwalin)
• karmalin ✧ QL/048
• karmalinda ✧ QL/048
• karn-walin ✧ QL/048 (karn-walin)
• karnȩwalin ✧ QL/048 (karnȩwalin)
• karnȩvalin ✧ QL/048 (karnȩvalin)

Changes

• karwalin → karmalin ✧ QL/048
• karnȩvalin → karnȩwalin ✧ QL/048

kirilde tinwelinqe

kirilde tinwelinqe

Variations

• {kiryinqe >>} kiryinqen tinweninqen ✧ PE16/056
• {kiryelle >>} kirilde {tinweninqen >>} tinwelinqe ✧ PE16/057

ána

noun. crown of head, top

Variations

• āna ✧ GL/62

Cognates

• G. ôn “crown of head, top” ✧ GL/62

alatya-

verb. to shield, ward off, protect

Variations

• alatya ✧ PE13/158

Derivations

• ᴱ✶alakya- “to shield, ward off, protect” ✧ PE13/158

Cognates

• En. elaig- “to shield, ward off, protect” ✧ PE13/158

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶alakya- > alatya	[alakjā] > [alakja] > [alatja]	✧ PE13/158

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
altíne	aorist	-	✧ PE13/158 aor.
alantye	aorist	-	✧ PE13/158 aor.

avealta-

verb. to resemble closely

Variations

• avealta ✧ QL/030

Elements

Word	Gloss
a-	“*intensive prefix”
vealta-	“to resemble”

anda-ráma

adjective. long-arm(ed); long-wing(ed)

Variations

• anda·ráma ✧ PE14/045
• andaráma ✧ PE14/075; PE14/075 (andaráma); PE14/112; PE15/79
• rámandea ✧ PE14/076; PE15/74; PE15/79

Changes

• andaráma → andaráma “long-armed” ✧ PE14/075

oilima markirya (intermediate version)

Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version)

This is the seventh draft of the Oilima Markirya poem (OM1g). As noted in the entry for that poem, this draft seems to be a bridge between the first version of the poem and the version presented with Tolkien’s “A Secret Vice” essay. It is sufficiently different from the other versions that I am discussing it in its own entry.

The Qenya text presented here is from PE16/77, but most of the couplets have been combined to produce more complete phrases. The original poem used an unusual, Finnish-like orthography for the Qenya; I've normalized back to more ordinary Qenya spelling (the originals appear in the discussion of the individual phrases). The translations are my own, which I cherry-picked from the various English translations of the poem based on what seems to fit best. My analysis largely follows that of the editors of the Early Qenya Poetry article: Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter (PE16/77-80).

Elements

Word	Gloss
máno kiluvando ninqe lutya kirya wilwarindon	“*who shall see a white ship sailing like a butterfly”
laivarisse lúnelinqe talalínen tinwelindon?	“*in the blue-flowing sea with sails like stars?”
vean san falastuváre alkalótefalmarínen	“*the sea then will surge with waves like shining blossoms”
ar i·kiryo kaluváre talain kulukalmalínen	“*and the sails of the ship will shine with golden lights”
ar i·súru laustuváro lintataurelasselindon	“*and the wind will roar like many forest leaves”
ondoin mórin ninkuváron, núni silmerána tindon	“*the dark rocks will shine white, shining under the gleaming-moon”
kaivon nyúken i·sapsanta silmerána númetár	“*the gleaming-moon goes down like a corpse into the grave”
hísimandulómi anta móri rauqi n·Ambalár	“*the black mist-clouds of hell come rushing from the East”
taitelúmen san tollanta ranka naiko lunganár	“*the firmament then leans sickly on broken hill[s]”
ma kaire laiqen ondolissen kirya maita?	“*does a ship lie maimed on green rocks?”
karnevaite úri kilivande hísen nie nie nienaite	“*red-skied the sun will gaze through a haze of tears”
ailinissen oilimaisen	“*on the last shores”
ala hui oilimaite	“*before the last night”
ala hui oilimaite	“*before the last night”
alkarissen oilimain	“*in the last rays of light”
ala hui oilimaite	“*before the last night”
ailinissen alkarain	“*upon the shining shore”

ea

interjection. a cry of pain or woe

Derivations

• ᴱ✶aiya- ✧ PE13/158

Cognates

• En. ai “cry of pain or woe” ✧ PE13/158

amapta-

verb. to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly

Variations

• mapta- ✧ PE13/163
• mapta ✧ PE15/76

Derivations

• ᴱ√MAPA “seize” ✧ QL/034; QL/059

Cognates

• En. maitha- “to ravish, to ravish; [G.] to rule, govern, wield control, hold” ✧ PE13/163

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√MAPA > amapta-	[amapta-]	✧ QL/034

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
mapant-	past	-	✧ PE13/163

kama-

verb. to lie down; (c. loc.) to endure, suffer

Derivations

• ᴱ√KAMA “lie down” ✧ QL/044

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√KAMA > kama-	[kama-]	✧ QL/044

sinqitalla laiqaninwa

*sparkling green and blue

Variations

• Sinqitalla laiqaninwa ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

ve sangar voro úmeai

*like throngs ever large

Variations

• Ve sangar voro úmeai ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. Narqelion

oilima markirya (first version)

Oilima Markirya (First Version)

The first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/220-221). It was preceded by six drafts, discussed in PE16 (PE16/53-76), labeled OM1a to OM1f by the editors of the Early Qenya Poetry article (Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter). A seventh draft, labeled OM1g in the article (PE16/77-80), is sufficiently different that I treat it as a separate poem: Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version).

The text and translation presented here is the one accompanying the publication of Tolkien’s “A Secret Vice” essay (MC/220-221), presumably the final draft before Tolkien rewrote the poem as discussed in the entry on Oilima Markirya.

The text is divided into phrases for each line of the poem, except for lines 15-16 (mandulómi anta móri Ambalar), 17-18 (telumen tollanta naiko lunganar), 19-20 (kaire laiqa’ondoisen kirya), and 20-22 (karnevaite úri kilde hísen níe nienaite) which are combined to make more complete phrases. The textual history is discussed in the entries for individual phrases.

My analysis of this poem is based almost entirely on the work of the editors of the Early Qenya Poetry article: Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter (PE16/53-76).

Elements

Word	Gloss
kildo kirya ninqe	“a white ship one saw”
pinilya wilwarindon	“small like a butterfly”
veasse lúnelinqe	“upon the blue streams of the sea”
talainen tinwelindon	“with wings like stars”
vean falastanéro	“the sea with loud surf”
lótefalmarínen	“with waves crowned with flowers”
kirya kalliére	“the ship shown”
kulukalmalínen	“with golden lights”
súru laustanéro	“the winds rushed”
taurelasselindon	“with noise like leaves of forests”
ondolin ninqanéron	“the rocks lay white”
silmeráno tindon	“shining in the silver moon”
kaivo i sapsanta	“as a corpse into the grave”
rána númetar	“the moon went down in the West”
mandulómi anta móri Ambalar	“the East raised black shadows out of hell”
telumen tollanta naiko lunganar	“the vault of heaven sagged upon the tops of the hills”
kaire laiqa’ondoisen kirya	“the white ship lay upon the rocks”
karnevaite úri kilde hísen níe nienaite	“amid the red skies the Sun with wet eyes dropped tears of mist”
ailissen oilimaisen	“upon the last beaches”
ala fuin oilimaite	“after the last night”
alkarissen oilimain	“in the last rays of light”
ala fuin oilimaite	“after the last night”
ailinisse alkarain	“upon the shining shore”

andonavestan

proper name. Gates of Summer

Qenya name for ᴱN. Ennyn Awest in Noldorin word lists from the 1920s (PE13/143, 160). It is a compound of andon “gate” and the genitive avestan of avesta “summer”.

Cognates

• En. Ennyn Awest “Gates of Summer” ✧ PE13/143; PE13/160

Elements

Word	Gloss
andon	“door, gate”
avesta	“summer”

ainatar

masculine name. God, (lit.) Holy Father

A name for Ilúvatar appearing in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/34, PME/34). It is a compound of aina “holy” and atar “father”.

Elements

Word	Gloss
aina	“holy, revered, worshipful”
atar	“father”

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
Ainatard-	stem	-	✧ QL/034

amunta

adjective. up, risen (of the sun)

Derivations

• ᴱ√AM(U) “up(wards)” ✧ QL/030

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AM(U) > amunta	[amuntā] > [amunta]	✧ QL/030

mala-

verb. to hurt, pain

Variations

• mala- ✧ QL/063

Derivations

• ᴱ√MBALA “crush, hurt, pain, damage, give maim to” ✧ QL/063

akairisan

noun. bride chamber, thalamus

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s for “bride chamber”, the equivalent of Latin “thalamus” (QL/46). It was a combination of ᴱQ. akairis “bride” and ᴱQ. sambe “chamber”.

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
akairisamb-	stem	-	✧ QL/046

-inya

suffix. worthy to be -

Variations

• -inya ✧ PE14/033

Element in

• Eq. tulinya “(bringable) worth bringing” ✧ PE14/033

ardaliskea

place name. Place of Reeds

A Qenya name for G. Garlisgion in early name lists (PE13/102), a compound of arda “place” and a variant (adjectival?) form of liske “reeds”.

Cognates

• G. Garlisgion “Place of Reeds” ✧ PE13/102

Elements

Word	Gloss
arda	“place, spot”
liske	“sedge, reeds”

aurqila

adjective. golden, sunlit

An adjectice meaning “golden, sunlit” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variant forms aürqila and auriqilea (QL/33), apparently a combination of ᴱQ. aure “sunlight” and ᴱQ. qilea “hued”. The first variant aürqila is unusual in that it implies aü as vowels in hiatus rather than the usual diphthong [au̯]. The only other similar example is 5-syllable anaükante (PE12/27).

Variations

• aürqila ✧ QL/033
• auriqilea ✧ QL/033

mara-

verb. to dwell, live

Variations

• mara-² ✧ QL/063

Derivations

• ᴱ√MBARA “dwell, live” ✧ QL/063

arak

noun. shingle, piles of stones

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “shingle, piles of stones”, from a vocalic augment added to the root ᴱ√RAKA “pile up” (QL/39).

Derivations

• ᴱ✶araka “shingle, piles of stones” ✧ QL/030
  • ᴱ√RAKA “pile up; *break”

Element in

• Eq. arakte “(stony) beach” ✧ QL/030

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶a + raka- > arak	[araka] > [arakǝ] > [arak]	✧ QL/030

mára

adjective. mighty, power[ful], doughty; good, excellent, useful (of things)

Variations

• māra ✧ GG/10; PE13/122; PE15/32; QL/057
• Mára ✧ LFC/030
• mā-ra ✧ PE13/125
• măra ✧ PE14/048
• mara ✧ PE14/081; PE15/73
• mára ✧ PE16/137; PE16/140

Derivations

• ᴱ√MAHA “grasp” ✧ QL/057

Cognates

• En. maur “good” ✧ PE13/122; PE13/125
• G. mora “good”

Element in

• Eq. i limbelu tuktalla nai mára “*the long search may be good” ✧ PE15/32
• Eq. mal “better, best” ✧ PE14/081
• Eq. malda “better, best” ✧ PE14/081
• Eq. mára mesta an ni véla tye ento, ya rato nea “good-bye until I see you next, and I hope it will be soon” ✧ LFC/030
• Eq. néri ur natsi nostalen máre “*men are not beings good by nature” ✧ PE15/32
• Eq. nostalen mára “good by nature” ✧ GG/10
• Eq. qentien no máre nar i hondor “*than good, I said, are the hearts” ✧ PE15/32

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√MAHA > māra	[maxrā] > [maxra] > [maɣra] > [māra]	✧ QL/057

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
maite	augmentative	-	✧ PE13/125
meante	superlative	-	✧ PE13/125
māre	plural	“*good”	✧ PE15/32; PE15/32
malda	augmentative	-	✧ PE15/73
márea	stative	“is good”	✧ PE16/140
maranye	stative-past	-	✧ PE16/141

alu

noun. dressed leather

Derivations

• ᴱ√ALU “cleanse, dress” ✧ QL/030

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ALU > alu	[alū] > [alu]	✧ QL/030

arta

preposition. across, athwart

Derivations

• ᴱ√TARA “*across”

Cognates

• G. adr(a) “lying athwart; situated on far side” ✧ GL/17; LT2A/Artanor

Element in

• Eq. Artanor “Land Beyond” ✧ LT2A/Artanor

aulenosse

proper name. Kindred of Aulë

Name for the Kindred of Aulë in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/176), a compound of Aule and nosse “people” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Aulenossë).

Variations

• Aulenossë ✧ LT1/176; LT1A/Aulenossë; LT1A/Valinor; LT1I/Aulenossë

pirindi qitimar

pirindi qitimar

Variations

• pirinda qitima ✧ QL/078 (pirinda qitima)

Changes

• pirinda qitima → pirindi qitimar ✧ QL/078

aina

adjective. holy, revered, worshipful

Derivations

• ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034

Element in

• Eq. ainar “temple [body part]”
• Eq. Ainatar “God, (lit.) Holy Father” ✧ QL/034
• Eq. aipio “cherry” ✧ QL/034

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AY̯A > aina	[ajnā] > [ajna] > [aina]	✧ QL/034

aqi

adjective. a brace, a couple of, both

Derivations

• ᴱ√ATA “dual” ✧ QL/033

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ATA > aqi	[atkʷī] > [atkʷi] > [akʷkʷi] > [akʷi]	✧ QL/033

ainurarda

place name. Place of the Gods

A Qenya equivalent of G. Gar Ainion “Place of the Gods” in an early name list (PE13/103). It is probably a compound of Ainu “God” and arda “place”.

Cognates

• G. Gar Ainion “Place of the Gods” ✧ PE13/103

Elements

Word	Gloss
Ainu	“a (pagan) God”
arda	“place, spot”

angoronti

place name. Mountains of Iron

Qenya name for the Iron Mountains from the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/31, PME/31), a compound of anga “iron” and some variant of oro “hill”, possibly an earlier form of ᴹQ. oron “mountain”. The Quenya form of this name did not appear in Tolkien’s later writings. Based on Angoron(ti), the singular form might be Angoron.

Variations

• Angaron(ti) ✧ LT1A/Angamandi
• ANGORON(TI) ✧ QL/031

Cognates

• G. Angorodin “Iron Mountains”

Elements

Word	Gloss
anga	“iron”
oro	“hill”

ar

preposition. to, against, next, on (wall)

Variations

• ar ✧ QL/033

Derivations

• ᴱ√ASA “*beside, close to” ✧ QL/033

Cognates

• G. art “beside, along side of”

Element in

• Eq. astuvu- “to begin” ✧ QL/033

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ASA > ar	[as] > [ar]	✧ QL/033

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
as-	stem	-	✧ QL/033
asa-	prefix	-	✧ QL/033

hya-

prefix. *her; 3rd sg. fem. possessive

Variations

• hya· ✧ PE14/054

an(a)

preposition. to(wards); until

Variations

• an ✧ LFC/030; PE15/32
• ana ✧ QL/031

Derivations

• ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” ✧ QL/031

Element in

• Eq. ar váro naltur an ómi karmar “*but rather they are to all deeds” ✧ PE15/32
• Eq. mára mesta an ni véla tye ento, ya rato nea “good-bye until I see you next, and I hope it will be soon” ✧ LFC/030

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ANA > ana	[anā] > [ana]	✧ QL/031

pampinë

noun. tremor, earthquake

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. PAP “*tremble”

aru

adverb. in addition, as well, besides

Derivations

• ᴱ√ƷARA “spread, extend sideways; wide places” ✧ QL/032

fúmelot valinoriva

(large) poppy

Variations

• fumella valinōrea ✧ QL/044

Elements

Word	Gloss
fumella	“(red) poppy, (lit.) flower of sleep”
Valinor	“Land of the Gods”

úri nienaite híse

a bleared sun

The thirty second line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/214). The first word is úri “sun” followed by the adjective nienaite “tearful” and the noun híse “mist”. These last two words are translated loosely as “bleared” in the English, perhaps more literally meaning “*[with a] tearful mist”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> úri nienaite híse = “*sun tearful mist”

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya “The Last Ark”

alandri

collective name. Earth [Fay]

Name for a type of Earth Fay in Tolkien’s “Creatures of the Earth” from the 1910s (PE14/10). Its etymology is unclear.

Variations

• alandri ✧ PE14/010

aïlior

collective name. Water [Fay]

Name for a type of Water Fay in Tolkien’s “Creatures of the Earth” from the 1910s (PE14/10). Its etymology is unclear.

Variations

• aïlior ✧ PE14/010

narqelion

Narqelion

Elements

Word	Gloss
n·alalmino lalantila	“*from the elm-tree falling one by one”
ne·súme lasser pínea	“*small leaves were in the wind”
ve sangar voro úmeai	“*like throngs ever large”
oïkta rámavoite malinai	“*of yellow birds on the wing”
ai lintuilind(ov)a Lasselanta	“*oh Fall with its many swallows”
piliningwe súyer nalla qanta	“*the airs are so full”
kuluvai ya karnevalinar	“*of golden feathers and orange-red ones too”
v’ematte sinqi Eldamar	“*that they call to mind the gems of Elven-home”
san rotser simpetalla pinqe	“*then pipes playing their thin music”
súlimarya sildai, hiswa timpe	“*slender columns of pearl, a dim rain”
san sirilla ter i·aldar	“*at that time following through the trees”
lilta lie noldorinwa	“*the dancing gnome-folk”
ómalingwe lir’ amaldar	“*sang a gentle tune with many voices”
sinqitalla laiqaninwa	“*sparkling green and blue”
n·alalmino hyá lanta lasse	“*from the elm-tree here a leaf falls”
torwa pior má tarasse	“*the dark-brown fruit in the hand of the hawthorns”
tukalla sangar úmeai	“*attracting large throngs”
oïkta rámavoite karneambarai	“*of red-breasted birds on the wing”
ai lindórea Lasselanta	“*oh with singing at dawn Fall”
nierme mintya náre qanta	“*reminds me that is is filled with grief”

aute

noun. goods, property, wealth, money

Variations

• autë ✧ LT2A/Ausir
• aute ✧ QL/033

Derivations

• ᴱ√AW̯A “*wealth” ✧ LT2A/Ausir; QL/033

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AW̯A > autē- > aute	[awtē] > [awte] > [aute]	✧ QL/033

ankasse(a)

adjective. lofty, tall, (lit.) up-headed, high-headed

Variations

• ankasse ✧ QL/030
• ankassea ✧ QL/030

aikaldamor

masculine name. Broadshoulder, Broad Back

A Qenya equivalent of G. Egalmoth appearing in both the Qenya and Gnomish Lexicons from the 1910s (QL/29; GL/19, 32). Christopher Tolkien translated the name as “Broadshoulder” in his appendices to the Lost Tales (LT2A/Egalmoth), while J.R.R. Tolkien translated it more literally as “Broad Back” in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/29). It is a compound of aika “broad” and (plural or masculinized?) aldamo “back, shoulders”. In linguistic notes from the 1920s, Tolkien explored alternate forms of this name: Akaldamor, Ekaldamor, Ekaldamos (PE13/104, 142, 159), but the Quenya form of this name did not appear in later writings.

Variations

• Akaldamor ✧ PE13/104
• Ekaldamos ✧ PE13/142
• Ekaldamor ✧ PE13/142; PE13/159

Derivations

• ᴱ√EIKA “*far, broad” ✧ GL/32
• ᴱ✶Eka-ʒalda-mbod-t “he of the broad shoulders” ✧ PE13/142; PE13/159

Cognates

• G. Egalmoth “Broadshoulder, Broad-back” ✧ GL/19; GL/32; LT2A/Egalmoth; PE13/113; PE13/142; PE13/159; PE13/104; QL/029

Elements

Word	Gloss
aika	“broad, vast”
aldamo	“shoulder(s), back”

ailin

noun. lake, pool

Variations

• ailin ✧ GL/17; LT2A/Elwing; PE13/136; PME/029; QL/029
• Ailin ✧ PE15/14

Cognates

• G. ailion “lake, pool” ✧ GL/17; LT2A/Elwing
• En. ailin “lake” ✧ PE13/136; PE13/158

Element in

• Eq. ailinon “water lily” ✧ QL/029

Elements

Word	Gloss
AYA(LA)	“lake”

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
ailind-	stem	-	✧ PE13/158
ailindi	plural	-	✧ PE13/158

ailo

noun. lake, pool

Derivations

• ᴱ√AYA(LA) “lake”

Cognates

• G. ail “lake, pool” ✧ GL/17; LT2A/Elwing

Element in

• Eq. Ailuvin “Lake Foam” ✧ GL/17

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
ailu	stem	-	✧ GL/17

anarie

noun. liberality

Derivations

• ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” ✧ QL/031

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ANA > anarie	[anariē] > [anarie]	✧ QL/031

foalóke

noun. *serpent that guarded a treasure

Variations

• Foalókë ✧ LBI/Foalókë; LBI/Fuithlug; LT2/070; LT2I/Foalókë; LT2I/Fuithlug
• foalókë ✧ LT2A/Foalókë
• Foaloke ✧ QL/037 (Foaloke)
• Foalôke ✧ QL/038

Cognates

• G. fuithlug “dragon (who guards treasure)” ✧ LBI/Fuithlug; LT2I/Fuithlug; LT2/070; LT2A/Foalókë

Elements

Word	Gloss
foa	“hoard, treasure”
lóke	“snake, dragon”

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. anwe or aiqale elta súrut lunte aiwendon lossiattea “*went on the heights driven by the wind a ship like a bird with a blossom-white neck” ✧ PE16/147

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• Súlimarya ✧ VT40/08

Element in

• Eq. súlimarya sildai, hiswa timpe “*slender columns of pearl, a dim rain” ✧ VT40/08

lante no lanta-mindon

falling upon fallen towers

The twenty eighth line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/214). The first word is the aorist tense of the verb lant- “to fall”, its subject being the “old darkness” (aire móre) of the previous phrase. This is followed by the preposition no “upon” with a compound of the adjective lanta “fallen” with the noun mindon “tower”, loosely translated as plural “towers” in the English.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> lant-e no lanta-mindon = “*fall-(aorist) upon fallen-tower”

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya “The Last Ark”

i

pronoun. *those, whom

Variations

• i ✧ PE15/32; PE15/32

Element in

• Eq. nalto fustúme ma Melkon i “*they can be smelled out by Melko whom” ✧ PE15/32
• Eq. varúse qentier nóvo san i “*in other manner than was said before” ✧ PE15/32

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. tauren linqarassean ✧ PE16/080

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
linqarassean	nominative	-	✧ PE16/080

orme

noun. summit, crest, hilltop

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “summit, crest” given as a derivative of ᴱ√ORO (QL/70). It was glossed “hilltop” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/70).

Variations

• ormë ✧ LT1A/Kalormë
• orme ✧ PME/070; QL/070

Derivations

• ᴱ√ORO “steepness, rising” ✧ LT1A/Kalormë; QL/070

Cognates

• G. orm “hill top, summit” ✧ LT1A/Kalormë

Element in

• Eq. Kalorme “Hill Crest over which the Sun Rises” ✧ LT1A/Kalormë

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ORO¹ > orme	[ormē] > [orme]	✧ QL/070

ardalomba

place name. Secret Place

A Qenya name for G. Gar Thurion in early name lists (PE13/102), a compound of arda “place” and lomba “secret”. It appeared beside the variant form Ardaurin whose etymology is less clear.

Variations

• Ardaurin ✧ PE13/102 (Ardaurin)

Cognates

• G. Gar Thurion “Secret Place” ✧ PE13/102

Elements

Word	Gloss
arda	“place, spot”
lomba	“secret”

ar laiqali linqi falmari

and the green wet waves

Variations

• ar laikvali linkvi falmari ✧ PE16/104

Element in

• Eq. Earendel (Poem)

aurinde

noun. summer, pleasant warmth

Variations

• aurin(de) ✧ PME/033

ainu

noun. a (pagan) God

Variations

• ainu ✧ LT1A/Ainur; PME/034; QL/034
• Aino ✧ PE15/72

Changes

• Ainu → Ainur ✧ LT1/061

Derivations

• ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034

Cognates

• G. ainos “(male) god” ✧ PE13/108
• G. ain “god” ✧ PE15/20; PE15/27; LT1A/Ainur; PE13/103

Element in

• Eq. Ainurarda “Place of the Gods”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AY̯A > ainu	[ajnū] > [ajnu] > [ainu]	✧ QL/034

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
Ainur	plural	-	✧ LT1/061; LT1A/Ainur; LT1I/Ainur; LT2I/Ainur; PE13/103; PE15/20; PE15/27; PME/034

are

adverb. beside, along

Variations

• are ✧ QL/032

Derivations

• ᴱ√ƷARA “spread, extend sideways; wide places” ✧ QL/032

Element in

• Eq. aryúlima “equal, equivalent”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ƷARA > are	[ɣari] > [ɣare] > [are]	✧ QL/032

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
ari	prefix	-	✧ QL/032

valka

adjective. cruel, bitter

Variations

• valka ✧ QL/101

Derivations

• ᴱ√VḶKḶ “‽” ✧ QL/101

Element in

• Eq. valkane “torture” ✧ QL/101
• Eq. Valkarauke ✧ QL/101

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√VḶKḶ > valka	[βḹkā] > [βḹka] > [vḹka] > [valka]	✧ QL/101

alildon ornin lassevarnen

alildon ornin lassevarnen

Variations

• alildon ornin lassevarnen, ✧ PE16/080

ambasse

noun. breast-plate, hauberk, byrne, cuirass

Cognates

• G. ammos “byrne, hauberk, cuirass”

píke assari silde

blinking on bones gleaming

The thirty third line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/214). The first word is the aorist form of the verb pik- “to blink” followed by an inflected form assari of as (ass-) “bone” modified by the plural form of the adjective silda “gleaming”. Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter suggested that assari might be an idiomatic use of the dative or perhaps a variant accusative (PE16/87), but I believe it might be a variant locative: the r-locative.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> pík-e assa-r-i sild-e = “*blink-(aorist) bone-on-(plural) gleaming-(plural)”

Element in

• Eq. Oilima Markirya “The Last Ark”

aka

adverb. very, intensive

Derivations

• ᴱ√AKA “*intensive, excessive”

Element in

• Eq. aka- “intensive” ✧ PE15/78

ande(a)

adjective. long (of space)

Variations

• andra ✧ GL/51
• anda ✧ GL/51; PE14/045; PE14/045; PE14/076; PE14/077; PE14/077; PE15/74
• ande ✧ QL/031
• andea ✧ QL/031

Derivations

• ᴱ√ṆÐṆ “stretch, extend” ✧ QL/031

Cognates

• G. in(d)ra “long (also used of time)” ✧ GL/51

Element in

• Eq. anda-lepta “long-fingered” ✧ PE15/74
• Eq. anda ráma “(a) long wing” ✧ PE14/076
• Eq. anda-ráma “long-arm(ed); long-wing(ed)” ✧ PE14/045; PE15/74; PE15/74
• Eq. Andesalke “Africa, (lit.) Long-grass” ✧ QL/031
• Eq. andesilqe “long-haired, long-tressed” ✧ QL/031
• Eq. ondoisen andalissen ✧ PE16/057; PE16/060

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√NÐN > yǝ > ande	[ṇðjǝ] > [ṇðj] > [ṇði] > [ṇðe] > [anðe] > [ande]	✧ QL/031

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
anda(s)	accusative	-	✧ PE14/045; PE14/077
andan	genitive	-	✧ PE14/045; PE14/077
andar	dative	-	✧ PE14/045; PE14/077
ande	plural	-	✧ PE14/045; PE14/077
ande(n)	accusative plural	-	✧ PE14/045; PE14/077
anden	genitive plural	-	✧ PE14/045; PE14/077
ander	dative plural	-	✧ PE14/045; PE14/077
†andeon	genitive plural	-	✧ PE14/045; PE14/077
andalissen	locative plural	-	✧ PE16/057; PE16/060
andĭ-	stem	“long”	✧ PME/031; QL/031

are

adverb. very, intensive

Variations

• are ✧ PE14/081; PE15/78

Element in

• Eq. ari- “intensive” ✧ PE14/081; PE15/78

earendel (poem)

Earendel (Poem)

Elements

Word	Gloss
san ninqeruvisse lútier	“then upon a white horse sailed”
kiryasse Earendil or vea	“Earendel, upon a ship upon the sea”
ar laiqali linqi falmari	“and the green wet waves”
langon veakiryo kírier	“the throat of the sea-ship clove”
wingildin o silqelosseën	“the foam-maidens with blossom-white hair”
alkantaniéren úrio kalmainen	“made it shine in the lights of the sun”
i lunte linganer	“the boat hummed like a harp-string”
tyulmin talalínen aiqalin kautáron	“the tall masts bent with the sails”
i súru laustaner	“the wind lausted (made a windy noise)”

kalaine

noun. serenity, serene

Derivations

• ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” ✧ QL/044

Cognates

• G. glaimri “serenity, fair weather”

Element in

• Eq. kalain(e)a “serene” ✧ QL/044
• Eq. Kalainis “May” ✧ QL/044

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√KALA > kalaine	[galainē] > [galaine] > [kalaine]	✧ QL/044

vá

adverb/adjective. gone forth, away

Variations

• vá ✧ PE15/70 (vá)
• vā² ✧ QL/099

Derivations

• ᴱ√VAHA “*depart, travel” ✧ QL/099

Cognates

• G. bâ “away, off”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√VAHA > vā²	[βaxā] > [βaxa] > [βaɣa] > [βā] > [vā]	✧ QL/099

-a

suffix. adjectival suffix

Variations

• -ea ✧ QL/074 (-ea); QL/075 (-ea); QL/077 (-ea); QL/077 (-ea); QL/091 (-ea); QL/092 (-ea); QL/092 (-ea); QL/092 (-ea)

Element in

• Eq. aistalea “worshipful” ✧ QL/034
• Eq. alasta “of marble, marble” ✧ QL/030
• Eq. aldea “tree-shadowed”
• Eq. atempa “(strong) dislike” ✧ QL/090
• Eq. auqa “awkward, clumsy (of things), difficult” ✧ QL/033
• Eq. aurea “sunny, sunlit” ✧ QL/033
• Eq. avíka “very much alike”
• Eq. assea “bony”
• Eq. talqea “glassy” ✧ QL/088
• Eq. kityalea “ticklish, susceptible, sensitive” ✧ QL/047
• Eq. koirea “alive, lively” ✧ QL/048
• Eq. talanda “burdened, weighed down, sad” ✧ QL/088
• Eq. fanórea “absent-minded” ✧ QL/037
• Eq. ekkia “thorny” ✧ QL/035
• Eq. eressea “lonely”
• Eq. pómea “northern” ✧ QL/074
• Eq. hatsea “rushing, rapid” ✧ QL/039
• Eq. helinillea “*violet” ✧ QL/039
• Eq. órea “of the dawn, Eastern” ✧ QL/070
• Eq. illia “in multitudes” ✧ QL/042
• Eq. isqalea “clever” ✧ QL/043
• Eq. kaimassea “confined to bed, a-bed, bedridden” ✧ PE14/079
• Eq. karneambara “*red-breasted” ✧ QL/048
• Eq. kiryassea “what is on board ship” ✧ PE14/047
• Eq. kómea “globe-shaped, round” ✧ QL/047
• Eq. kotsia “nutty” ✧ QL/048
• Eq. kulmarinda “orange-coloured” ✧ QL/049
• Eq. kulurinda “orange-coloured” ✧ QL/049
• Eq. lassea “with leaves, leafy” ✧ QL/051
• Eq. latukenda “of tin” ✧ QL/051
• Eq. laumea “dark, stormy” ✧ QL/051
• Eq. laurea “golden” ✧ PE15/73
• Eq. lempea “half” ✧ PE14/051
• Eq. limpalassea “much roaring” ✧ QL/053
• Eq. lindelea “melodious” ✧ QL/054
• Eq. lindea “singing, *musical” ✧ QL/054
• Eq. lindórea “singing at dawn (esp. of birds)” ✧ QL/054
• Eq. líneneldora “having many beeches” ✧ QL/053
• Eq. linqea “watery” ✧ QL/054
• Eq. lintasarindea “having many willows” ✧ QL/053
• Eq. lintuilinda “many-swallows of autumn” ✧ QL/053
• Eq. lintuilindórea “of autumn; when many swallows congregate and sing at dawn”
• Eq. lintyulussea “having many poplars” ✧ QL/053
• Eq. liqistea “transparent” ✧ QL/054
• Eq. listea “full of grace, blessed” ✧ QL/055
• Eq. lómea “*gloomy”
• Eq. lómina “shadowy” ✧ QL/055
• Eq. lótea “full of blossom” ✧ QL/056
• Eq. lotórea “flourishing” ✧ QL/055
• Eq. luina “ago” ✧ QL/056
• Eq. lúlea “sapphirine” ✧ QL/057
• Eq. lúmia “pertaining to time, temporal” ✧ QL/056
• Eq. lúrea “overcast, dark [of weather]” ✧ QL/057
• Eq. Makarnea “Red-handed”
• Eq. maksilistea “powerful, having possession of or authority over” ✧ QL/057
• Eq. malikondea “of amber” ✧ QL/058
• Eq. maqalea “handy, skilled (with hands)” ✧ QL/057
• Eq. lempea “decimal” ✧ QL/052
• Eq. melitsa “beloved, favourite” ✧ QL/060
• Eq. mirmila “rippling” ✧ QL/061
• Eq. mulda “powdery” ✧ QL/063
• Eq. murmea “slumbrous” ✧ QL/063
• Eq. naikelea “agonizing” ✧ QL/065
• Eq. narka “snappy, ill-tempered” ✧ QL/064
• Eq. násea “loathsome” ✧ QL/064
• Eq. niqissea “snowy” ✧ QL/066
• Eq. nardilea “perfumed” ✧ QL/068
• Eq. narwa “fragrant” ✧ QL/068
• Eq. nornea “of oak” ✧ QL/067
• Eq. nornelassea “having oak-leaves” ✧ QL/067
• Eq. kaurea “timid”
• Eq. númea “in the west, western” ✧ QL/068
• Eq. nyenya “querulous, tearful, plaintive” ✧ QL/069
• Eq. olórea “dreamy, dreamlike” ✧ QL/069
• Eq. palassea “foaming (of the sea)” ✧ QL/072
• Eq. pampil(e)a “tremulous” ✧ QL/072
• Eq. pirindea “cylindrical” ✧ QL/074
• Eq. pirúk(end)ea “pirouetting, whirling lightly” ✧ QL/074
• Eq. pínea “small” ✧ QL/073
• Eq. poldórea “muscular, powerful” ✧ QL/075
• Eq. málea “able” ✧ PE15/67
• Eq. qalúmea “deathly” ✧ QL/076
• Eq. qentea “verbal” ✧ QL/077
• Eq. qim(en)ea “womanly, feminine” ✧ QL/077
• Eq. qirqirinda “murmuring” ✧ QL/078
• Eq. qalmea “deathly” ✧ QL/076
• Eq. qámea “sick” ✧ QL/076
• Eq. qilda “quiet, hushed, still” ✧ QL/078
• Eq. qilea “coloured, -hued” ✧ QL/077
• Eq. qínea “squeaking” ✧ QL/077
• Eq. qinqelea “languorous” ✧ QL/077
• Eq. werelinda “twirling, pirouetting” ✧ QL/103
• Eq. mírea “smiling” ✧ QL/061
• Eq. raustea “of prey” ✧ QL/079
• Eq. asampe(a) “cavernous”
• Eq. rua “steady, still, tranquil” ✧ QL/080
• Eq. saikelea “famished” ✧ QL/082
• Eq. salamba “twanging, throbbing, resounding, echoing” ✧ QL/081
• Eq. saminda “silken” ✧ QL/081
• Eq. silmea “*of the moon” ✧ QL/056
• Eq. silqeléna “having tresses” ✧ QL/083
• Eq. silqelossea “with hair like white flowers” ✧ PE16/100
• Eq. siliq(in)a “flinty” ✧ QL/083
• Eq. loimea “thirsty” ✧ QL/056
• Eq. sunqelea “westering, setting” ✧ QL/087
• Eq. susúlima “full of wind, windy, airy” ✧ QL/086
• Eq. telerea “elfin” ✧ QL/091
• Eq. telella “elfin” ✧ QL/091
• Eq. telúmea “final, conclusive, end; last; extreme” ✧ QL/091
• Eq. telpea “silvern” ✧ QL/091
• Eq. telusta “outer, extreme, ultimate” ✧ QL/091
• Eq. tendilea “feeling; sentimental” ✧ QL/091
• Eq. tilwínea “shining” ✧ QL/092
• Eq. timpina “fine, powdered, sprayed” ✧ QL/092
• Eq. timpínea “made of spray, full of fine showers, showery (of weather)” ✧ QL/092
• Eq. tiqilindea “thawing, slushy” ✧ QL/092
• Eq. tólea “central, middle” ✧ QL/094
• Eq. túrea “mighty” ✧ QL/095
• Eq. turinda “royal, of the ruling dynasty; in power” ✧ QL/096
• Eq. turinqia “royal, Queenly” ✧ QL/096 (turinqia)
• Eq. ulwea “alder-grown” ✧ QL/097
• Eq. valdea “of moment, important” ✧ QL/102
• Eq. valkea “cutting, sharp” ✧ QL/101
• Eq. vanest(e)a “beautious” ✧ QL/099
• Eq. vea “similar, like” ✧ QL/101
• Eq. waliemba “tropical” ✧ QL/103
• Eq. wilwarinda “butterflylike”
• Eq. yarendila “like a sailor” ✧ QL/105

aldeon

noun. avenue (of trees)

Variations

• aldëon ✧ LT1A/Aldaron

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
aldeond-	stem	-	✧ QL/029

alalminóre

place name. Land of (Many) Elms

A region in Tol Eressëa in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/16). It is a compound of alalme “elm” and nóre “land” (QL/29, 66).

Variations

• Alalminōre ✧ GL/52 (Alalminōre); PE15/29 (Alalminōre); PME/029; QL/066
• Alalminórë ✧ LRI/Gar Lossion; LT1/016; LT1/039; LT1A/Alalminórë; LT1I/Alalminórë; LT1I/Gar Lossion; LT2/313; LT2I/Alalminórë
• Alalminor ✧ LT1I/Alalminórë
• Alalminore ✧ PE15/07

Cognates

• G. Dor Lalmin ✧ GL/52; PE15/07
• G. Gar Lossion “Place of Flowers” ✧ LRI/Gar Lossion; LT1I/Gar Lossion

alantya

adjective. *shielded, protected

Cognates

• En. alanc “*shielded, protected” ✧ PE13/158

simpeta-

verb. *to pipe

Element in

• Eq. san rotser simpetalla pinqe “*then pipes playing their thin music” ✧ VT40/08

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
simpetalla	active-participle	-	✧ VT40/08

súlisan

proper name. Sunday

Alternate of the first Sunday in the Valinorian fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of súlime “wind” and sana “day”, replacing rejected Taimósi (probably from taime “sky”).

Variations

• Sūlisan ✧ PE14/022

Elements

Word	Gloss
súlime	“wind”
sana	“day (24 hours)”

teleatka

proper name. Teleatka

Variations

• Teleakta ✧ QL/032 (Teleakta)

Changes

• Teleakta → Ilkorin ✧ QL/032

Elements

Word	Gloss
akta	“notion”

ailuvin

feminine name. Lake Foam

A Qenya equivalent of G. Elwing, more obviously related to the archaic form of that name G. †Ailwing, appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/17). Tolkien indicated that its stem form as Ailuving-. Assuming it has the same meaning as its Gnomish equivalent, it is probably a compound of ailo “lake” and some form of winge “foam”. The Quenya form of this name did not appear in later writings.

Cognates

• G. Ailwing “Lake Foam” ✧ GL/17

Elements

Word	Gloss
ailo	“lake, pool”
winge	“(blowing) foam, spindrift, froth, scud, spray; wave”

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
Ailuving-	stem	-	✧ GL/17

alqalunte

proper name. Swanship

The swan ships from Kópas Alqalunte(n) (LT1/164), a compound of alqa “swan” and lunte “ship”.

Variations

• Alqaluntë ✧ LT1A/Alqaluntë

Element in

• Eq. Kópas Alqalunte(n) “Haven of the Swanships” ✧ LT2A/Cópas Alqalunten

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
Alqalunten	genitive	-	✧ LT1A/Alqaluntë

ambapenda

adjective. uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome

Cognates

• En. amvenn “uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome” ✧ PE13/159

morniento

place name. Morniento

First name of Amnor (LT1/170), possibly related to the ship Mornie.

Changes

• Morniento → Emnon ✧ LT1/170
• Morniento → Emnon ✧ LT1I/Amnos

ke

pronoun. you; 2nd sg. pronoun

Variations

• ke- ✧ PE14/052; PE14/085
• te- ✧ PE14/052 (te-)
• ke ✧ PE14/053

Changes

• te- → ke- “Sg. 2” ✧ PE14/052

Element in

• Eq. kéto “you (emphatic); 2nd sg. pronoun” ✧ PE14/052; PE14/052 (tēto)
• Eq. ketya “*your; 2nd sg. possessive emphatic” ✧ PE14/052
• Eq. mai ke·tule “do you come?” ✧ PE14/053
• Eq. tya- “*your; 2nd sg. possessive” ✧ PE14/052

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
ke	accusative	-	✧ PE14/053
ken	genitive	-	✧ PE14/053
ker	dative	-	✧ PE14/053
-ten	genitive	-	✧ PE14/053
-ter	dative	-	✧ PE14/053

ailinon

noun. water lily

Element in

• Eq. Ailinóne ✧ QL/029

alalme

noun. elm (tree)

Variations

• alalmë ✧ LT1A/Aldaron

Derivations

• ᴱ√ALA “spread‽” ✧ LT1A/Aldaron; QL/029

Cognates

• G. lalm “elm, elm-wood” ✧ LT1A/Alalminórë

Element in

• Eq. Alalminóre “Land of (Many) Elms” ✧ LT1A/Aldaron; QL/029
• Eq. n·alalmino hyá lanta lasse “*from the elm-tree here a leaf falls” ✧ VT40/08
• Eq. n·alalmino lalantila “*from the elm-tree falling one by one” ✧ VT40/08

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ALA² > alalme	[alalmi] > [alalme]	✧ QL/029

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
alalmi	stem	-	✧ PME/029
alalmĭ-	stem	-	✧ QL/029
alalmino	genitive	-	✧ VT40/08; VT40/08

kalain(e)a

adjective. serene

Variations

• kalaina ✧ GL/39; QL/044; QL/056
• kalainea ✧ QL/044

Cognates

• G. glaim “serene, clear, fair (espec. of weather)” ✧ GL/39

Element in

• Eq. Lunde Kalaina “May” ✧ QL/056

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• lāwakēle ✧ QL/052

Elements

Word	Gloss
LAWA	“*life (esp. plants)”
KELE	“flow, run; ooze, trickle”

ma

adverb. *interrogative particle

Variations

• ma ✧ PE16/077

Derivations

• ᴱ√MA “root of indef[inite]”

Element in

• Eq. ma kaire laiqen ondolissen kirya maita? “*does a ship lie maimed on green rocks?” ✧ PE16/077

teler-’ohta

proper name. *Sea-elf War

Variations

• teler-’ohta ✧ PE14/109

amunte

noun. sun-rise, (lit.) lifting

Variations

• amuntë ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth

Derivations

• ᴱ√AM(U) “up(wards)” ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth; QL/030

Cognates

• G. amon “hill, mount, steep slope” ✧ PE13/110
• G. am(b)ros(t) “dawn”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AM(U) > amunte	[amuntē] > [amunte]	✧ QL/030

akairis

noun. bride, wife

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bride” or “wife” based on the early root ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” (QL/30, 46), also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “wife, bride” (PME/30). Tolkien said it was used as a name of ᴱQ. Erinti (QL/36; PME/30).

Variations

• Akairis ✧ PME/030

Derivations

• ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” ✧ QL/046

Element in

• Eq. Akairis “Bride”
• Eq. akairisan “bride chamber, thalamus” ✧ QL/046

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√KAYA > akairis	[akajristǝ] > [akajrist] > [akajris] > [akairis]	✧ QL/046

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
akairist-	stem	-	✧ QL/030; QL/046
akairis-	stem	-	✧ QL/046

kalmaliondo

proper name. Son of Light

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
Kalmaliondi	plural	“sons of Light”	✧ PE14/075

nuan·ekkala

tomorrow morning

Variations

• ettui ✧ QL/034

andesalke

place name. Africa, (lit.) Long-grass

A name for Africa from the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/31, 84), glossed “long-grass” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/31). It is a compound of ande(a) “long” and salke “grass”.

Variations

• Andisalke ✧ QL/031 (Andisalke)

Changes

• Andisalke → Andesalke ✧ QL/031

alda

noun. tree, branch

Derivations

• ᴱ√ALA “spread‽” ✧ LT1A/Aldaron; QL/029

Cognates

• G. âl “wood (material)” ✧ GL/19
• G. alwen “tree” ✧ LT2A/Galdor
• En. alt “bough, branch” ✧ PE13/159

Element in

• Eq. Aldar
• Eq. Aldaron “King of Forests” ✧ LT1A/Aldaron
• Eq. aldea “tree-shadowed” ✧ LT1A/Aldaron; QL/029
• Eq. aldeon “avenue (of trees)” ✧ LT1A/Aldaron; QL/029
• Eq. paltyalda “palm tree” ✧ PME/074
• Eq. san sirilla ter i·aldar “*at that time following through the trees” ✧ VT40/08
• Eq. aldare “wood”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ALA² > alda	[aldā] > [alda]	✧ QL/029

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
i aldas	definite plural	“the trees”	✧ LT1/085
aldar	plural	-	✧ VT40/08

arvalin

place name. Nigh Valinor

Variations

• Arvalion ✧ GL/20; LT1A/Eruman
• Afalinan ✧ LT1A/Eruman
• Arvalien ✧ LT1I/Arvalin

Changes

• Arvalin → Avathar ✧ LT1/082

Cognates

• G. Arwalin ✧ GL/20; GL/20; GL/20
• G. Hathwalin ✧ GL/48

hosta

noun. walled tower

Variations

• hosta ✧ PME/071

Derivations

• ᴱ√HOSO “*gather”

pirimbe

noun. ring, circle

Derivations

• ᴱ✶p’rimbe ✧ PE13/152
  • ᴱ√PIRI “*spin”

Cognates

• En. rhim “ring, circle” ✧ PE13/152

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶p’rimbe > pirimbe	[pirimbē] > [pirimbe]	✧ PE13/152

-wen

suffix. *number suffix

Variations

• -ven ✧ QL/033 (-ven)
• -we ✧ QL/071 (-we)

Element in

• Eq. olwen “thirty six” ✧ QL/069
• Eq. otwen “84” ✧ QL/071
• Eq. atwen “twenty” ✧ QL/033
• Eq. uiven “twenty” ✧ QL/033

alkanta-

verb. to make shine

Element in

• Eq. alkantaniéren úrio kalmainen “made it shine in the lights of the sun” ✧ MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
alkantaméren	past 3rd-pl-fem	“made it shine”	✧ MC/216
alkantaniéren	past 3rd-pl-fem	“made it shine”	✧ PE16/100; PE16/100
alkantanéren	past 3rd-pl-fem	-	✧ PE16/100
alkantanieeren	past 3rd-pl-fem	-	✧ PE16/104

ambar

noun. breast, bosom

Variations

• ambar ✧ MC/213; PME/030; QL/030; QL/048 (ambar)

Cognates

• G. am “breast, front (chest)”

Element in

• Eq. ambasse “breast-plate, hauberk, byrne, cuirass” ✧ QL/030
• Eq. karneambar “robin, (lit.) red-breast” ✧ QL/048
• Eq. níve qímari ringa ambar “the pale phantoms in her cold bosom” ✧ MC/213

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
ambas-	stem	-	✧ PME/030; QL/030
ambar-	stem	-	✧ QL/030

angamandi

place name. Hells of Iron

Variations

• Angamandu ✧ LT1A/Angamandi; LT1A/Eriol; LT1A/Mandos; PE15/20 (Angamandu); QL/058
• Angamandos ✧ PE15/20 (Angamandos)
• Angamandor ✧ PME/036
• ANGAMANDU ✧ QL/031
• ANGAMANDOS ✧ QL/058 (ANGAMANDOS)

Changes

• Angamandos → Angamandu ✧ PE15/20
• Angamandu → Angamandi ✧ PE15/20

Cognates

• G. Angband “Hells of Iron” ✧ GL/19; LT2/051; PE15/20; LT1A/Angamandi; QL/031
• En. Angbann “Hells of Iron, Iron-hell” ✧ PE15/62
• N. Angband “Iron Prison, Hells of Iron” ✧ SMI/Angamandi

Elements

Word	Gloss
anga	“iron”
mandu	“hell; abyss”

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
Angamandi	plural	“Hells of Iron”	✧ QL/031

angasan

place name. Halls of Iron

A name appearing in early name lists but not in the Lost Tales (PE13/104; PE15/20), a compound of anga “iron” and san “hall”.

Cognates

• G. Angtham “Halls of Iron” ✧ PE15/20; PE13/104

Elements

Word	Gloss
anga	“iron”
san	“hall, dwelling house”

apsa

noun. hole, opening

Derivations

• ᴱ√AFA “open, begin” ✧ QL/029

Cognates

• G. ôth “hole, opening”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AFA > apsa	[aɸsā] > [aɸsa] > [apsa]	✧ QL/029

eremandu

place name. Hells of Iron

Variations

• Erimandu ✧ PE15/20
• Eremando ✧ PE15/20 (Eremando)
• Eremandor ✧ PME/036
• EREMANDU ✧ QL/031; QL/036
• EREMANDOS ✧ QL/058 (EREMANDOS)

Changes

• Eremando → Erimandu ✧ PE15/20

Elements

Word	Gloss
ere(n)	“iron, steel”
mandu	“hell; abyss”

(a)malda

adjective. tender, soft, kind, gentle

Variations

• amalda ✧ QL/030; QL/058; QL/062
• malda ✧ QL/062

Derivations

• ᴱ√MALA “crush, squeeze, pulp” ✧ QL/058
• ᴱ√MḶÐḶ “crush, pound” ✧ QL/062

Element in

• Eq. ómalingwe lir’ amaldar “*sang a gentle tune with many voices” ✧ VT40/08

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√MLŘL > malda	[mḹðā] > [mḹða] > [malða] > [malda]	✧ QL/062

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
amaldar	plural	-	✧ VT40/08

alkara

adjective. brilliant, bright, shining

Element in

• Eq. ailinisse alkarain “upon the shining shore” ✧ MC/221; PE16/074
• Eq. ailinissen alkarain “*upon the shining shore” ✧ PE16/077
• Eq. alkarissen oilimain “in the last rays of light” ✧ PE16/072
• Eq. oilimisse alkarasse ✧ PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/072

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
alkarain	plural	“shining”	✧ MC/221; PE16/074; PE16/077
alkarasse	locative	-	✧ PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/072
-alkarisse	locative	-	✧ PE16/067
-alkarasse	locative	-	✧ PE16/076
-alkaraisen	locative plural	-	✧ PE16/076; PE16/080

si

pronoun. they; 3rd pl. fem. pronoun

Variations

• si- ✧ PE14/052; PE14/085
• si ✧ PE16/057 (si)

Derivations

• ᴱ✶ti “they; 3rd pl. fem. pronoun” ✧ PE14/052; PE14/085

Element in

• Eq. síse “they (emphatic); 3rd sg. fem. pronoun” ✧ PE14/052
• Eq. sia- “*their; 3rd pl. fem. possessive” ✧ PE14/052
• Eq. síva “*their; 3rd pl. fem. possessive emphatic” ✧ PE14/052

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
si	accusative	-	✧ PE14/053
sin	genitive	-	✧ PE14/053
sir	dative	-	✧ PE14/053
illon	ablative plural	-	✧ PE14/054

alka

noun. ray (of light), light of day; shining

Variations

• alkar ✧ PE16/075

Derivations

• ᴱ✶ak’lā “ray” ✧ QL/030
  • ᴱ√ḶK/KAL “*glory” ✧ QL/030

Element in

• Eq. alkara “brilliant, bright, shining” ✧ QL/030
• Eq. alkarissen oilimain “in the last rays of light” ✧ MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/074; PE16/077
• Eq. vean san falastuváre alkalótefalmarínen “*the sea then will surge with waves like shining blossoms” ✧ PE16/077; PE16/077

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶ak’lā > alka	[aklā] > [akla] > [alka]	✧ QL/030

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
alkarissen	locative plural	“in the ... rays of light”	✧ MC/221; PE16/074; PE16/077
alkarisse	locative	-	✧ PE16/062

ára

noun. dry sand, grit

A noun given as {āra >>} àra in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “dry sand, grit” given as a derivative of ᴱ√ARA “be dry” (QL/32), also mentioned as āra in contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon along side its Gnomish cognate G. ôr of similar meaning (GL/62). It is not clear what (if any) significance the grave accent à has.

Variations

• āra ✧ GL/62; QL/032 (āra)
• àra ✧ QL/032

Changes

• āra → àra ✧ QL/032

Derivations

• ᴱ√ARA “(be) dry” ✧ QL/032

Cognates

• G. ôr “dry sand” ✧ GL/62

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ARA > àra	[ārā] > [āra]	✧ QL/032

aldaron

masculine name. King of Forests

Variations

• Aldar-on ✧ PE13/110

Cognates

• G. Aldor ✧ GL/19; PE13/110; GL/18; LT1A/Aldaron; PE14/012
• G. Galdor ✧ PE13/104

Element in

• Eq. Orome Aldaron

anta

noun. cheek; jaw(s)

Derivations

• ᴱ✶mtā “cheek” ✧ GL/19; PE12/026
  • ᴱ√MATA “eat”

Cognates

• G. ant “cheek; face” ✧ GL/19; PE13/110
• En. ant “face, front, forward surface, face, front, forward surface; [G.] cheek” ✧ PE13/137; PE13/160

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶ṃ̄t- > anta	[ṃ̄tā] > [ṇ̄tā] > [ṇ̄ta] > [anta]	✧ GL/19
ᴱ✶mtā > anta	[ṃtā] > [ṇtā] > [ṇta] > [anta]	✧ PE12/026

falma fundunár

falma fundunár

Variations

• {falmain >>} falma {fundanyuváron >> funduváren >>} funduváre ✧ PE16/057
• falma {fundunáre >>} fundunár ✧ PE16/060

satto

adjective. both; the two

Derivations

• √SATH “pair”

Element in

• Eq. i·satto nér “both the men” ✧ PE14/083

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
satto(s)	accusative	-	✧ PE14/077
satton	genitive	-	✧ PE14/077
sattor	dative	-	✧ PE14/077
†[satt]ur	dative	-	✧ PE14/077

aki

adjective. extreme, vehement, excessive

Derivations

• ᴱ√AKA “*intensive, excessive” ✧ GL/17

Cognates

• G. agra “extreme, vehement, excessive” ✧ GL/17

a-

prefix. *intensive prefix

Variations

• a- ✧ QL/030

Element in

• Eq. atempa “(strong) dislike” ✧ QL/030
• Eq. avealta- “to resemble closely”
• Eq. avíka “very much alike”

aista

noun. honour, reverence

Derivations

• ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034

Cognates

• G. aist “reverence, awe”

Element in

• Eq. aistale “worship” ✧ QL/034

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AY̯A > aista	[ajstā] > [ajsta] > [aista]	✧ QL/034

alasta

adjective. of marble, marble

A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. alasta “of marble, marble”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. alas (alast-) “marble” (QL/30).

Neo-Quenya: I think it might likewise be used in Neo-Quenya as ᴺQ. alasta, an adjectival form of ᴺQ. alas “marble”.

Cognates

• G. glastrin “marble”

ank

noun. loop, handle, ring

Derivations

• ᴱ√ṆQṆ ✧ QL/031; QL/098

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ᵁNQᵁN > ank	[ṇ̄kʷ] > [aŋkʷ] > [aŋk]	✧ QL/031
ᴱ√(U)ṆQ(U)Ṇ¹ > ank	[ṇ̄kʷ] > [aŋkʷ] > [aŋk]	✧ QL/098

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
anq-	stem	-	✧ QL/031

arm-

verb. to gather, collect

Derivations

• ᴱ√ƷṚMṚ “*gather” ✧ QL/032

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√‘ṚMṚ > arm-	[ṛm-] > [arm-]	✧ QL/032
ᴱ√‘ṚMṚ > arme	[ṝme-] > [arme-]	✧ QL/032

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
arme	past	-	✧ QL/032

haura

adjective. old, aged, ancient

Derivations

• ᴱ✶χou̯-ră ✧ GL/49

Cognates

• G. hôr “old, aged, ancient” ✧ GL/49

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶χou̯-ră > haura	[xourā] > [xoura] > [xaura] > [haura]	✧ GL/49

anwa

adjective. high up, place high

Derivations

• ᴱ√AM(U) “up(wards)” ✧ QL/030

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AM(U) > anwa	[amuā] > [amua] > [amwa] > [anwa]	✧ QL/030

ahúra

noun. Sun

An early Qenya word for the Sun appearing in a word list from the 1920s (PE15/77). Its etymology is obscure.

Element in

• Eq. ahúrasilqi “sun and moon” ✧ PE15/77

aiwala

masculine name. Aiwala

An (Early) Qenya equivalent to Eöl in an early name list along with a number of variants (PE13/104). In some other early notes, it appeared as Arval (LT2I/Arval). Its etymology is unclear.

Variations

• Arval ✧ LT2I/Arval
• Aiwi ✧ PE13/104
• Aival ✧ PE13/104

Cognates

• Un. Eöl ✧ LT2I/Arval

atempa

noun. (strong) dislike

Variations

• atemba ✧ QL/090 (atemba)

Changes

• atemba → atempa ✧ QL/090

Derivations

• ᴱ✶atefe- “strong dislike” ✧ QL/030
  • ᴱ√TEFE “*hate, dislike”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶a · tefe- > atempa	[atemɸā] > [atemɸa] > [atempa]	✧ QL/030

kaya-

verb. to lie

Variations

• kay- ✧ PE16/132

Derivations

• ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell”

Element in

• Eq. kaire laiqa’ondoisen kirya “the white ship lay upon the rocks” ✧ MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
• Eq. ma kaire laiqen ondolissen kirya maita? “*does a ship lie maimed on green rocks?” ✧ PE16/077

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
Kaire	present 3rd-sg-fem	“lay”	✧ MC/221
kaire	present 3rd-sg-fem	“lay”	✧ PE16/062; PE16/074; PE16/077
-kainer	past 3rd-sg-fem	-	✧ PE16/065
käire	present 3rd-sg-fem	-	✧ PE16/072
†kaire	present 3rd-sg-fem	-	✧ PE16/075
kair	present 3rd-sg-fem	-	✧ PE16/075

angaino

proper name. Oppressor, Tormentor

Variations

• Angainu ✧ GL/37; LT2I/Angainu; MRI/Angainor
• Angaino/Angayar ✧ PME/034
• Angear ✧ QL/034
• Angayar ✧ QL/034 (Angayar)

Changes

• Angaino → Engainor ✧ LBI/Angainor
• Angaino → Angainor “Oppressor” ✧ LT1I/Angaino
• Angayar → Angear ✧ QL/034

Derivations

• ᴱ√ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve” ✧ QL/034

Cognates

• G. Gainu “Tormentor” ✧ GL/18; GL/37; GG/08; LT1A/Angaino

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√NAẎA > Angear	[aŋajer] > [aŋgajer] > [aŋgear]	✧ QL/034
ᴱ√NAẎA > Angaino	[aŋaðʲnō] > [aŋaðʲno] > [aŋajno] > [aŋaino] > [aŋgaino]	✧ QL/034

atta

noun. father (child’s word)

Variations

• atta ✧ PME/033; QL/033

Derivations

• ᴱ√ATA

Cognates

• G. (n)ada “daddy, father”

Element in

• Eq. attawhi “parents”

aimaktu

noun. martyr (m.)

Variations

• aimakt(u) ✧ PME/034
• aimaktar ✧ PME/034

Derivations

• ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034

Elements

Word	Gloss
makta-	“to slay, slaughter”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AY̯A > aimaktu	[aimaktū] > [aimaktu]	✧ QL/034

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
aimaktar-	stem	-	✧ QL/034

alkana-

verb. to blaze

Derivations

• ᴱ√ḶK/KAL “*glory” ✧ QL/030

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ḶK/KAL > alkana-	[ḹkana-] > [alkana-]	✧ QL/030

allu-

verb. to wash

Variations

• alnu- ✧ QL/030

Derivations

• ᴱ√ALU “cleanse, dress” ✧ QL/030

Element in

• Eq. allume “washing” ✧ QL/030
• Eq. alluva “clean” ✧ QL/030

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√ALU > allu-	[allu-]	✧ QL/030

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
allune	past	-	✧ QL/030

angaisin(i)e

noun. torment

Variations

• angaisine ✧ QL/034
• [angaisin]ie ✧ QL/034

Derivations

• ᴱ√ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve” ✧ QL/034

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√NAẎA > angaisine	[aŋaðʲsinē] > [aŋaðʲsine] > [aŋajsine] > [aŋaisine] > [aŋgaisine]	✧ QL/034

apta-

verb. to open

Derivations

• ᴱ√AFA “open, begin” ✧ QL/029

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AFA > apta-	[aɸta-] > [apta-]	✧ QL/029

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• nyuuken ✧ PE16/077

Element in

• Eq. kaivon nyúken i·sapsanta silmerána númetár “*the gleaming-moon goes down like a corpse into the grave” ✧ PE16/077

yaksina

adjective. of steel

Cognates

• G. gaisin “of steel”

(a)rauka

adjective. swift, rushing

Variations

• arauka ✧ LT2A/Rog; PE13/137; PE13/160; PME/034; PME/079; QL/032; QL/032; QL/034; QL/079
• rauka ✧ PME/079; QL/079

Derivations

• ᴱ√RAVA “*hunt” ✧ QL/034
• ᴱ√RAẆA “*rush, run, chase” ✧ QL/079

Cognates

• G. arog “swift, rushing, torrential” ✧ LT2A/Rog
• En. arog “swift, swift, [G.] rushing, torrential” ✧ PE13/137; PE13/160
• G. raug “swift, rushing” ✧ QL/032

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√rava > arauka	[araβkā] > [araβka] > [arauka]	✧ QL/034
ᴱ√RAẆA > rauka	[raɣʷkā] > [raɣʷka] > [rawka] > [rauka]	✧ QL/079

-ngwe

suffix. *together

Element in

• Eq. ómalingwe lir’ amaldar “*sang a gentle tune with many voices” ✧ VT40/08
• Eq. piliningwe súyer nalla qanta “*the airs are so full” ✧ VT40/08

aimaksin

noun. martyr (f.)

Derivations

• ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√AY̯A > aimaksin	[aimaktin] > [aimaktsin] > [aimaksin]	✧ QL/034

Inflections

Word	Form	Gloss	Source
aimaksi-	stem	-	✧ QL/034