A noun for “wedded life” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, more literally “living beside”, based on the early root ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” (QL/46).
Early Quenya
ómalingwe lir’ amaldar
*sang a gentle tune with many voices
Variations
- Ómalingwe lir’ amaldar ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
oïkta rámavoite karneambarai
*of red-breasted birds on the wing
Variations
- Oïkta rámavoite karneambarai ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
súlimarya sildai, hiswa timpe
*slender columns of pearl, a dim rain
Variations
- Súlimarya sildai, hiswa timpe ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
aiqa
adjective. steep, tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief
Derivations
Cognates
- En. aig “high, steep” ✧ PE13/158
Element in
- Eq. aiqie “highness, height” ✧ PE15/74
- Eq. aiqale “a steep, steepness” ✧ QL/029
- Eq. aiqasse “precipice” ✧ QL/029
- Eq. aiqaire “fir, pine (tree)” ✧ QL/029
- Eq. tyulmin talalínen aiqalin kautáron “the tall masts bent with the sails” ✧ MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶aik-wa > aiqa [aikʷā] > [aikʷa] ✧ PE13/158 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aiqalin nominative plural “tall” ✧ MC/216; PE16/100 aikvalin nominative plural - ✧ PE16/104
san rotser simpetalla pinqe
*then pipes playing their thin music
Variations
- San rotser simpetalla pinqe ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
piliningwe súyer nalla qanta
*the airs are so full
Variations
- Piliningwe súyer nalla qanta ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
nierme mintya náre qanta
*reminds me that is is filled with grief
Variations
- Nierme mintya náre qanta ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
ai lindórea lasselanta
*oh with singing at dawn Fall
Variations
- Ai lindórea Lasselanta ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
kúva lunde (silmea)
*crescent phase (of the moon)
Variations
- kūva lunde (silmea) ✧ QL/056
n·alalmino hyá lanta lasse
*from the elm-tree here a leaf falls
Variations
- N·alalmino hyá lanta lasse ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
kasta
noun. cause, motive, ultimate reason
Derivations
- ᴱ√KAHA “cause” ✧ QL/043
Cognates
- G. caith “cause, reason, motive”
aure
noun. sunlight, sunshine, gold light, warmth
Derivations
- ᴱ√AWA “burn; be parched, yellow, warm” ✧ QL/033
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AWA > aure [awri] > [awre] > [aure] ✧ QL/033 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aurĭ- stem - ✧ QL/033
ar váro naltur an ómi karmar
*but rather they are to all deeds
Variations
- ar vāro naltur an ōmi karmar ✧ PE15/32
Element in
- Eq. Sí Qente Feanor ✧ PE15/32
akaire
noun. ‘living beside’, wedded life
Derivations
- ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” ✧ QL/046
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√KAYA > akaire [akajri] > [akajre] > [akaire] ✧ QL/046 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source akairi- stem - ✧ QL/046
â
noun. mind, inner thought
Derivations
- ᴱ√AHA “know” ✧ QL/029
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√‘AHA > â [axa] > [aɣa] > [ā] ✧ QL/029
ar i·kiryo kaluváre talain kulukalmalínen
*and the sails of the ship will shine with golden lights
The fourth phrase (lines 7-8) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the ar(a) “and” followed by the definitive genitive form i·kiryo of kirya “ship”. This genitive apparently applies to the subject of the phrase talain, the nominative plural of tala “sail”, which follows the verb kaluváre, the future 3rd-singular feminine form of kala- “to shine”.
The phrase ends with a long compound combining kulu “gold” and the instrumental plural of kalma “light”: falmarínen = “with lights”. This compound kulukalmalínen apparently describes the means by which the sails shine.
The phrase loosely corresponds to the seventh and eighth lines of the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “the boat shining with distant/misty lights”. Other than the words “boat”, “shine” and “with lights”, nothing else matches.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> ar i·kiry-o kal-uvá-re tala-i-n kulu-kalma-lí-nen = “*and the·ship-of shine-(future)-she sail-(plural)-(nominative) gold-light-(plural)-with”
Variations
- ar {i·kirya >>} i·kiryo kaluvaare talain kulukalmaliinen ✧ PE16/077
Element in
torwa pior má tarasse
*the dark-brown fruit in the hand of the hawthorns
Variations
- Torwa pior má tarasse ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
kuluvai ya karnevalinar
*of golden feathers and orange-red ones too
Variations
- Kuluvai ya karnevalinar ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
vírin
noun. glass substance [used to make the Moon]
Variations
- virin ✧ GL/24
- Vírin ✧ LT1I/Vírin
Cognates
- G. brin(in) “glassy substance” ✧ GL/24; LT2A/Failivrin
eruman
place name. beyond the abode of the Mánir
Variations
- Erumáni ✧ GL/20; LT1/131; LT1A/Eruman; LT2I/Eruman
- Erumàni ✧ GL/31
- Erumāni ✧ QL/036
Changes
- Eruman → Araman ✧ LT1/083
Derivations
Cognates
- G. Edhofon ✧ GL/20; GL/31; LT1A/Eruman
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶eruᶻmāni > Erumāni [eðusmānī] > [eðusmāni] > [eðuzmāni] > [ezuzmāni] > [ezumāni] > [erumāni] ✧ QL/036
v’ematte sinqi eldamar
*that they call to mind the gems of Elven-home
Variations
- V’ematte sinqi Eldamar ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
san sirilla ter i·aldar
*at that time following through the trees
Variations
- San sirilla ter i·aldar ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
kiryan kantalár
kiryan kantalár
Variations
- kiryan {lantuváre >>} lantumáre ✧ PE16/057
- kiryan {kantalára >>} kantalár ✧ PE16/060
alkarissen oilimain
*in the last rays of light
Element in
alkarissen oilimain
in the last rays of light
The twenty-first phrase (line 25) of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/221) and the fifteenth phrase (line 26) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the locative plural of alkar “rays of light”, followed by a poetic plural form of the adjective oilima “last”, as indicated by the Glossary Commentary accompanying the sixth draft (PE16/75).
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> alkar-i-ssen oilima-in = “*ray-(plural)-in last-(plural)”
Conceptual Development: This phrase also appeared in the fourth, fifth and sixth drafts (OM1d-f: PE16/62, 72, 74). Tolkien first wrote the phrase in the fourth draft with both the noun and adjective in the locative, but without the final n: alkarisse oilimasse (OM1d: PE16/62). In the fifth draft he switched from the noun alkar to the adjective alkara, and changed the second word to the locative of the (adjective?) panyara of unclear meaning (OM1e: PE16/72). He settled on the final form of the phrase in the sixth draft (OM1f: PE16/74), and retained it for the final draft (MC/221).
Variations
- alkarisse oilimasse ✧ PE16/062
- alkarasse {oilimasse >> wanyarasse >>} panyarasse ✧ PE16/072
- {alkarasse >> alkaraisen >>} alkarissen oilimain ✧ PE16/074
- alkarissen {oilimaisen >>} oilimain ✧ PE16/077
Element in
Elements
Word Gloss alka “ray (of light), light of day; shining” oilima “last”
avanwa
adjective. going, passing, nearly gone
Derivations
- ᴱ√AVA “go away, depart, leave” ✧ QL/033
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AVA > avanwa [aβanwā] > [aβanwa] > [avanwa] ✧ QL/033
ala fuin oilimaite
after the last night
The twentieth phrase (lines 24 and 26) of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/221). The first word is the preposition ala “after”, followed by the nominative form of the noun fui “night” and the adjective oilimaite “night”.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> ala fui-n oilimaite = “*before night-(nominative) last”
Conceptual Development: This phrase also appeared in the fourth, fifth and sixth drafts, though the number of times it appeared varied (OM1d-f: PE16/62, 72, 74). It appeared twice in the final draft, on lines 24 and 26 (MC/221). In the fourth draft, ala was translated “before” rather than “after” (PE16/62, 68).
Variations
- älä fuuin oilimaite ✧ PE16/072; PE16/072; PE16/072
Element in
ala fuin oilimaite
after the last night
Element in
ar tanda kirya lúte
ar tanda kirya lúte
Variations
- ar tanda {kiryaiko >>} kirya {lunte >>} lūte ✧ PE16/060
n·alalmino lalantila
*from the elm-tree falling one by one
Variations
- N·alalmino lalantila ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
ala hui oilimaite
*before the last night
Element in
ala hui oilimaite
*before the last night
Element in
ala hui oilimaite
*before the last night
The repeated thirteenth, fourteenth and sixteenth phrases (lines 24, 25 and 27) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is ala “before” followed by hui “night” and oilimaite “last”. This phrase corresponds to phrase in the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “before the last night”.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> ala hui oilimaite = “*before night last”
Conceptual Development: The second word “night” was first written fuin (line 24) or fui (lines 25 and 27).
Variations
- ala {fuin >>} hui oilimaite ✧ PE16/077
- ala {fui >>} hui oilimaite ✧ PE16/077; PE16/077
Element in
Elements
Word Gloss ala “beyond, after; before” hui “dark, murk, fog; night, evening” oilimaite “final, ultimate, last”
amillo
masculine name. One of the Happy Folk, Hilary
Youngest of the Valar in the earliest Lost Tales, also called Ómar (LT1/67). In the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s, Tolkien glossed this name as “One of the Happy Folk, Hilary”, but did not provide any further etymological information (QL/30).
Cognates
- G. Gamlos ✧ PE14/013
Element in
- Eq. Amillion “February” ✧ LT1A/Amillo; QL/030
hulále
noun. babble, chatter, conversation
Variations
- holále ✧ QL/040; QL/041
- hulāle ✧ QL/050
Derivations
- ᴱ√HO “shout, scream” ✧ QL/040
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√HO > holále [xolālē] > [xolāle] > [holāle] ✧ QL/040
ulird(e)a
adjective. pitiless, cruel, (lit.) without bowels
@@@ possibly based on unattested hir(d) “innards, bowels, guts”, cognate of ᴱN. girdh, as suggested by Damien Bador in private correspondance
Variations
- olirdea ✧ PE13/161
Derivations
- ᴱ✶ur’-irda ✧ PE13/144
Cognates
- En. olerdh “pitiless, cruel, (lit.) without bowels” ✧ PE13/144; PE13/161
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶ur’-irda > ulird(e)a [urɣirdā] > [urɣirda] > [urirda] > [ulirda] ✧ PE13/144
alkantaniéren úrio kalmainen
made it shine in the lights of the sun
Variations
- alkantaméren úrio kalmainen ✧ MC/216
- alkantanieeren uurio kalmainen ✧ PE16/104
Element in
- Eq. Earendel (Poem)
ar tanda kiryaiko lúte
ar tanda kiryaiko lúte
Variations
- ar tanda kiryaiko lunte ✧ PE16/056
- ar tanda kiryaiko {lunte >> lunse >> si linqe >>} lunte ✧ PE16/057
- ar tanda kiryaiko {lunte >>} lūte ✧ PE16/060
kiw-
verb. *to germinate, impregnate
Variations
- kiu̯ ✧ GL/39
Derivations
- ᴱ√GIWI “*germinate, impregnate” ✧ GL/39
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√giu̯i > kiu̯ [giw-] > [kiw-] ✧ GL/39
sí qente feanor
Sí Qente Feanor
Elements
Word Gloss néri ur natsi nostalen máre “*men are not beings good by nature” ar váro naltur an ómi karmar “*but rather they are to all deeds” – ulqe núsimar – “*– evil inclined” sí qente Feanor n·istaléra “*now said Feanor the wise” varúse qentier nóvo san i “*in other manner than was said before” malto ísier i nosta – Qarda “*by those from whom this birth was known – less” qentien no máre nar i hondor “*than good, I said, are the hearts” nérinwe ar ómu nalto úsiére “*of these men and although they have escaped” i limbelu tuktalla nai mára “*the long search may be good” nalto fustúme ma Melkon i “*they can be smelled out by Melko whom” var limpilto var túkielto “*they are bound to or have looked for” – en i úmavaisor “*– there on the throne of hate” listanelto in otso qarda “*they blessed the great evil”
tende
noun. sense of touch, sense, sensation, feeling
Derivations
- ᴱ√TENE “touch, feel” ✧ QL/091
Element in
- Eq. tendile “feeling, sentiment” ✧ QL/091
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√TENE > tende [tendi] > [tende] ✧ QL/091 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source tendi- stem - ✧ QL/091
ar wingildin wilwarindeën
and the foam-like butterflies
Variations
- ar wingildi wilwarindear ✧ PE16/090; PE16/092
Element in
- Eq. Nieninqe
arean
noun. wilderness, deserted place
Derivations
- ᴱ√ARA “(be) dry” ✧ QL/032
Cognates
- G. armin “desert, waste”
Element in
- Eq. Areandor “(Land of) Desert” ✧ PME/032
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ARA > arean [areandǝ] > [areand] > [arean] ✧ QL/032 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source areand- stem - ✧ QL/032
ailinissen oilimaisen
*on the last shores
The twelfth phrase (line 23) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). It is the locative plural of the noun ailin “shore” and the adjective oilima “last”. This phrase corresponds to the lines of the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “on the final/ultimate shore”.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> ailinissen oilimaisen = “*shore-(plural)-on last-(plural)-on”
Element in
aiqale
noun. a steep, steepness
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. aiqale “a steep [thing], steepness” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an abstract noun form of ᴱQ. aiqa “steep” appearing nearby (QL/29). Since ᴹQ. aiqa “steep” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/AYAK), perhaps this word can be salvaged for Neo-Quenya writing as ᴺQ. aiqualë.
Element in
- Eq. anwe or aiqale elta súrut lunte aiwendon lossiattea “*went on the heights driven by the wind a ship like a bird with a blossom-white neck” ✧ PE16/147
kala
noun. light, daytime (sunlight), 12 hours
Variations
- kala ✧ GL/37; GL/39 (
kala); QL/044Derivations
Cognates
Element in
- Eq. ilkala “*nighttime, darkness”
- Eq. i·kal’antúlien “Light hath returned” ✧ LT1/184
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶kalā > kala [kalā] > [kala] ✧ GL/39 ᴱ√KALA > kala [galā] > [gala] > [kala] ✧ QL/044 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source kal’ elided “light” ✧ LT1/184
ailissen oilimaisen
upon the last beaches
The nineteenth phrase (line 23) of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/221). The first word is the locative plural of the noun aile “beach” and followed by the adjective oilima, also in locative plural form to agree with its noun.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> ailissen oilimaisen = “*beach-(plural)-upon last-(plural)-upon”
Conceptual Development: This phrase also appeared in the fourth, fifth and sixth drafts, though the number of times it appeared varied, as did the exact form of the locative plurals (OM1d-f: PE16/62, 72, 74).
Variations
- {ailim’ >>} ailinisse {te} oilimasse ✧ PE16/062
- ailisse oilimasse ✧ PE16/062
- ailinisse oilimasse ✧ PE16/062
- äilisse oilimasse ✧ PE16/072
- äilinisse oilimasse ✧ PE16/072
- ailissen {oilimasse >>} oilimaisen ✧ PE16/074
Element in
oilimisse alkarasse
oilimisse alkarasse
Variations
- {alkarisse oilimasse >> oilimasse alkarisse >>} oilimisse alkarasse ✧ PE16/062
lilta lie noldorinwa
*the dancing gnome-folk
Variations
- Lilta lie noldorinwa ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
áma
noun. mind, heart, thought
Variations
- āma ✧ GL/62
Derivations
- ᴱ√AHA “know”
Cognates
- G. ôm “mind, heart, thought” ✧ GL/62
ai lintuilind(ov)a lasselanta
*oh Fall with its many swallows
Variations
- Ai lintuilind(ov)a Lasselanta ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
tukalla sangar úmeai
*attracting large throngs
Variations
- Tukalla sangar úmeai ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
apanta-
verb. to open, reveal, show, display
Derivations
- ᴱ√PṆTṆ “open, spread out, show” ✧ QL/034
Element in
- Eq. apantie “display” ✧ QL/034
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√PATA² > apanta- [apṇta-] > [apanta-] ✧ QL/034 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source apante past - ✧ QL/034 [apant]ane past - ✧ QL/034
ailinisse alkarain
upon the shining shore
The twenty-second and final phrase (line 27) of the first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/221). The first word is the locative plural of ailin “shore” followed by the plural form of the adjective alkara “shining”.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> ailin-i-sse alkara-in = “*beach-(plural)-upon shining-(plural)”
Conceptual Development: This phrase initially appeared in the sixth draft, where Tolkien briefly considered making the first word the locative form of oilima “last” (OM1f: PE16/74).
Variations
- {oilimisse >>} ailinisse alkarain ✧ PE16/074
Element in
ailinissen alkarain
*upon the shining shore
The seventeenth and final phrase (line 28) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the locative plural of ailin “shore” followed by the plural of alkara “shining”.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> ailin-i-ssen alkara-in = “*shore-(plural)-on shining-(plural)”
Conceptual Development: The second word “shining” was initially written as the locative plural alkaraisen (PE16/80).
Variations
- ailinissen {alkaraisen >>} alkarain ✧ PE16/077
Element in
kópas alqalunte(n)
place name. Haven of the Swanships
Earliest name of the swan have of the Sea Elves, appearing both with (LT2/82) and without (LT1/164) the genitive suffix -n.
Variations
- Cópas Alqalunten ✧ LBI/Cópas Alqalunten; LT2A/Cópas Alqalunten; LT2I/Cópas Alqalunten
- Kópas Alqaluntë ✧ LT1/164; LT1I/Kópas Alqaluntë; SMI/Kópas Alqaluntë; TII/Kópas Alqaluntë
- Kópas Alqalunten ✧ LT1I/Kópas Alqaluntë
ne·súme lasser pínea
*small leaves were in the wind
Variations
- Ne·súme lasser pínea ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
surussin lurdon lausto
surussin lurdon lausto
Variations
- {surui >>} surussin surdon lausto ✧ PE16/057
harwalin
place name. Near the Valar
Variations
- Harvalien ✧ GL/48 (
Harvalien); LT1/155 (Harvalien); LT1I/Eruman (Harvalien)- Harmalin ✧ LT1/022 (
Harmalin); LT1/079 (Harmalin); LT1/085; LT1/155 (Harmalin); LT1/155 (Harmalin); LT1I/Eruman (Harmalin)- Harwali(e)n ✧ PME/039
- Harẇalien ✧ QL/039
- Harẇalin ✧ QL/039
Changes
Harvalien→ Arvalin ✧ GL/48Harmalin→ Arvalin ✧ LT1/022Harwalin→ Harmalin ✧ LT1/022Harmalin→ Arvalin ✧ LT1/079Harwalin→ Erumáni ✧ LT1/131Harmalin→ Eruman ✧ LT1/155Harvalien→ Arvalin ✧ LT1/155Harmalin→ Harvalien ✧ LT1/155Harwalin→ Arvalin ✧ LT1I/ErumanHarvalien→ Arvalin ✧ LT1I/ErumanHarmalin→ Arvalin ✧ LT1I/ErumanCognates
úmavaisor
proper name. *Throne of Hate
Variations
- ūmavaisor ✧ PE15/32
Element in
- Eq. – en i úmavaisor “*– there on the throne of hate” ✧ PE15/32
ala
preposition. beyond, after; before
Variations
- ala ✧ MC/214; MC/221; MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/074; PE16/074; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/077; PE16/077
- älä ✧ PE16/072; PE16/072; PE16/072
Derivations
- ᴱ√ALA “spread‽”
Element in
- Eq. ala fuin oilimaite “after the last night” ✧ MC/221; MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/072; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/074; PE16/074
- Eq. ala hui oilimaite “*before the last night” ✧ PE16/077; PE16/077; PE16/077
- Eq. aire móre ala tinwi “the old darkness beyond the stars” ✧ MC/214
avíka
adjective. very much alike
Variations
- avīka ✧ QL/030
Elements
Word Gloss a- “*intensive prefix” víke “like” -a “adjectival suffix”
oïkta rámavoite malinai
*of yellow birds on the wing
Variations
- Oïkta rámavoite malinai ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
ar i·súru laustuváro lintataurelasselindon
*and the wind will roar like many forest leaves
The fifth phrase (lines 9-10) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the ar(a) “and” followed by the definitive form i·súru of súru “wind” and the future 3rd-singular masculine inflection of the verb lausta- “to roar”. The noun súru seems to be the subject even though it is not inflected into the nominative.
The phrase ends with a long compound combining li(n)- “many”, taure “forest” and the adverbial plural form of lasse “leaf”: lasselindon = “like leaves”. The uninflected compound lintataurelasse is translated “many many forest leaves” in the notes accompanying the poem. Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter suggest that the element -ta- may be a reduplication of the initial part of the following word taure “forest” (PE16/79).
The phrase loosely corresponds to the ninth and tenth lines of the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “who shall hear the wind roaring like leaves of (all) forests”, but is closer to the lines in the first English translation LA1a (PE16/67): “the wind was roaring like leaves of a forest”, which is almost the same except for the tense of the verb.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> ar i·súru laust-uvá-ro lin-ta-taure-lasse-li-ndon = “*and the·wind roar-(future)-he many-many-forest-leaf-(plural)-like”
Variations
- ar i·suuru laustuvaaro lintataurelasselindon ✧ PE16/077
- lintataurelasse ✧ PE16/077
Element in
aryúlima
adjective. equal, equivalent
Variations
- aryūlima ✧ GL/20
Cognates
- G. argulthion “equal, equivalent” ✧ GL/20
Elements
Word Gloss are “beside, along” yulu- “to carry” -ima “-able, possible”
kildo kirya noiko
kildo kirya noiko
Variations
- kildo kirya {naika >>} noiko ✧ PE16/060
kaita-
verb. to place, lie down
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶kaı̯ > kaita [kajta-] > [kaita-] ✧ PE14/058 ᴱ√KAYA > kaita- [kajta-] > [kaita-] ✧ QL/046 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source kaine past - ✧ PE14/058 kaita present “lie down” ✧ PE14/058
karmalin(da)
noun. russet, orange-red
Variations
- karwalin ✧ PME/049; QL/048 (
karwalin)- karmalin ✧ QL/048
- karmalinda ✧ QL/048
- karn-walin ✧ QL/048 (karn-walin)
- karnȩwalin ✧ QL/048 (karnȩwalin)
- karnȩvalin ✧ QL/048 (karnȩvalin)
Changes
karwalin→ karmalin ✧ QL/048- karnȩvalin → karnȩwalin ✧ QL/048
kirilde tinwelinqe
kirilde tinwelinqe
Variations
- {kiryinqe >>} kiryinqen tinweninqen ✧ PE16/056
- {kiryelle >>} kirilde {tinweninqen >>} tinwelinqe ✧ PE16/057
ána
noun. crown of head, top
Variations
- āna ✧ GL/62
Cognates
- G. ôn “crown of head, top” ✧ GL/62
alatya-
verb. to shield, ward off, protect
Variations
- alatya ✧ PE13/158
Derivations
- ᴱ✶alakya- “to shield, ward off, protect” ✧ PE13/158
Cognates
- En. elaig- “to shield, ward off, protect” ✧ PE13/158
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶alakya- > alatya [alakjā] > [alakja] > [alatja] ✧ PE13/158 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source altíne aorist - ✧ PE13/158 aor. alantye aorist - ✧ PE13/158 aor.
avealta-
verb. to resemble closely
Variations
- avealta ✧ QL/030
Elements
Word Gloss a- “*intensive prefix” vealta- “to resemble”
anda-ráma
adjective. long-arm(ed); long-wing(ed)
Variations
- anda·ráma ✧ PE14/045
- andaráma ✧ PE14/075; PE14/075 (
andaráma); PE14/112; PE15/79- rámandea ✧ PE14/076; PE15/74; PE15/79
Changes
andaráma→ andaráma “long-armed” ✧ PE14/075
oilima markirya (intermediate version)
Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version)
This is the seventh draft of the Oilima Markirya poem (OM1g). As noted in the entry for that poem, this draft seems to be a bridge between the first version of the poem and the version presented with Tolkien’s “A Secret Vice” essay. It is sufficiently different from the other versions that I am discussing it in its own entry.
The Qenya text presented here is from PE16/77, but most of the couplets have been combined to produce more complete phrases. The original poem used an unusual, Finnish-like orthography for the Qenya; I've normalized back to more ordinary Qenya spelling (the originals appear in the discussion of the individual phrases). The translations are my own, which I cherry-picked from the various English translations of the poem based on what seems to fit best. My analysis largely follows that of the editors of the Early Qenya Poetry article: Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter (PE16/77-80).
Elements
Word Gloss máno kiluvando ninqe lutya kirya wilwarindon “*who shall see a white ship sailing like a butterfly” laivarisse lúnelinqe talalínen tinwelindon? “*in the blue-flowing sea with sails like stars?” vean san falastuváre alkalótefalmarínen “*the sea then will surge with waves like shining blossoms” ar i·kiryo kaluváre talain kulukalmalínen “*and the sails of the ship will shine with golden lights” ar i·súru laustuváro lintataurelasselindon “*and the wind will roar like many forest leaves” ondoin mórin ninkuváron, núni silmerána tindon “*the dark rocks will shine white, shining under the gleaming-moon” kaivon nyúken i·sapsanta silmerána númetár “*the gleaming-moon goes down like a corpse into the grave” hísimandulómi anta móri rauqi n·Ambalár “*the black mist-clouds of hell come rushing from the East” taitelúmen san tollanta ranka naiko lunganár “*the firmament then leans sickly on broken hill[s]” ma kaire laiqen ondolissen kirya maita? “*does a ship lie maimed on green rocks?” karnevaite úri kilivande hísen nie nie nienaite “*red-skied the sun will gaze through a haze of tears” ailinissen oilimaisen “*on the last shores” ala hui oilimaite “*before the last night” ala hui oilimaite “*before the last night” alkarissen oilimain “*in the last rays of light” ala hui oilimaite “*before the last night” ailinissen alkarain “*upon the shining shore”
ea
interjection. a cry of pain or woe
Derivations
- ᴱ✶aiya- ✧ PE13/158
Cognates
- En. ai “cry of pain or woe” ✧ PE13/158
amapta-
verb. to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly
Variations
- mapta- ✧ PE13/163
- mapta ✧ PE15/76
Derivations
- ᴱ√MAPA “seize” ✧ QL/034; QL/059
Cognates
- En. maitha- “to ravish, to ravish; [G.] to rule, govern, wield control, hold” ✧ PE13/163
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√MAPA > amapta- [amapta-] ✧ QL/034 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source mapant- past - ✧ PE13/163
kama-
verb. to lie down; (c. loc.) to endure, suffer
Derivations
- ᴱ√KAMA “lie down” ✧ QL/044
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√KAMA > kama- [kama-] ✧ QL/044
sinqitalla laiqaninwa
*sparkling green and blue
Variations
- Sinqitalla laiqaninwa ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
ve sangar voro úmeai
*like throngs ever large
Variations
- Ve sangar voro úmeai ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. Narqelion
oilima markirya (first version)
Oilima Markirya (First Version)
The first version of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/220-221). It was preceded by six drafts, discussed in PE16 (PE16/53-76), labeled OM1a to OM1f by the editors of the Early Qenya Poetry article (Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter). A seventh draft, labeled OM1g in the article (PE16/77-80), is sufficiently different that I treat it as a separate poem: Oilima Markirya (Intermediate Version).
The text and translation presented here is the one accompanying the publication of Tolkien’s “A Secret Vice” essay (MC/220-221), presumably the final draft before Tolkien rewrote the poem as discussed in the entry on Oilima Markirya.
The text is divided into phrases for each line of the poem, except for lines 15-16 (mandulómi anta móri Ambalar), 17-18 (telumen tollanta naiko lunganar), 19-20 (kaire laiqa’ondoisen kirya), and 20-22 (karnevaite úri kilde hísen níe nienaite) which are combined to make more complete phrases. The textual history is discussed in the entries for individual phrases.
My analysis of this poem is based almost entirely on the work of the editors of the Early Qenya Poetry article: Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter (PE16/53-76).
Elements
Word Gloss kildo kirya ninqe “a white ship one saw” pinilya wilwarindon “small like a butterfly” veasse lúnelinqe “upon the blue streams of the sea” talainen tinwelindon “with wings like stars” vean falastanéro “the sea with loud surf” lótefalmarínen “with waves crowned with flowers” kirya kalliére “the ship shown” kulukalmalínen “with golden lights” súru laustanéro “the winds rushed” taurelasselindon “with noise like leaves of forests” ondolin ninqanéron “the rocks lay white” silmeráno tindon “shining in the silver moon” kaivo i sapsanta “as a corpse into the grave” rána númetar “the moon went down in the West” mandulómi anta móri Ambalar “the East raised black shadows out of hell” telumen tollanta naiko lunganar “the vault of heaven sagged upon the tops of the hills” kaire laiqa’ondoisen kirya “the white ship lay upon the rocks” karnevaite úri kilde hísen níe nienaite “amid the red skies the Sun with wet eyes dropped tears of mist” ailissen oilimaisen “upon the last beaches” ala fuin oilimaite “after the last night” alkarissen oilimain “in the last rays of light” ala fuin oilimaite “after the last night” ailinisse alkarain “upon the shining shore”
andonavestan
proper name. Gates of Summer
Qenya name for ᴱN. Ennyn Awest in Noldorin word lists from the 1920s (PE13/143, 160). It is a compound of andon “gate” and the genitive avestan of avesta “summer”.
Cognates
- En. Ennyn Awest “Gates of Summer” ✧ PE13/143; PE13/160
Elements
Word Gloss andon “door, gate” avesta “summer”
ainatar
masculine name. God, (lit.) Holy Father
A name for Ilúvatar appearing in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/34, PME/34). It is a compound of aina “holy” and atar “father”.
Elements
Word Gloss aina “holy, revered, worshipful” atar “father” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Ainatard- stem - ✧ QL/034
amunta
adjective. up, risen (of the sun)
Derivations
- ᴱ√AM(U) “up(wards)” ✧ QL/030
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AM(U) > amunta [amuntā] > [amunta] ✧ QL/030
mala-
verb. to hurt, pain
Variations
- mala- ✧ QL/063
Derivations
- ᴱ√MBALA “crush, hurt, pain, damage, give maim to” ✧ QL/063
akairisan
noun. bride chamber, thalamus
A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s for “bride chamber”, the equivalent of Latin “thalamus” (QL/46). It was a combination of ᴱQ. akairis “bride” and ᴱQ. sambe “chamber”.
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source akairisamb- stem - ✧ QL/046
-inya
suffix. worthy to be -
Variations
- -inya ✧ PE14/033
Element in
- Eq. tulinya “(bringable) worth bringing” ✧ PE14/033
ardaliskea
place name. Place of Reeds
A Qenya name for G. Garlisgion in early name lists (PE13/102), a compound of arda “place” and a variant (adjectival?) form of liske “reeds”.
Cognates
- G. Garlisgion “Place of Reeds” ✧ PE13/102
Elements
Word Gloss arda “place, spot” liske “sedge, reeds”
aurqila
adjective. golden, sunlit
An adjectice meaning “golden, sunlit” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variant forms aürqila and auriqilea (QL/33), apparently a combination of ᴱQ. aure “sunlight” and ᴱQ. qilea “hued”. The first variant aürqila is unusual in that it implies aü as vowels in hiatus rather than the usual diphthong [au̯]. The only other similar example is 5-syllable anaükante (PE12/27).
Variations
- aürqila ✧ QL/033
- auriqilea ✧ QL/033
mara-
verb. to dwell, live
Variations
- mara-² ✧ QL/063
Derivations
- ᴱ√MBARA “dwell, live” ✧ QL/063
arak
noun. shingle, piles of stones
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “shingle, piles of stones”, from a vocalic augment added to the root ᴱ√RAKA “pile up” (QL/39).
Derivations
Element in
- Eq. arakte “(stony) beach” ✧ QL/030
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶a + raka- > arak [araka] > [arakǝ] > [arak] ✧ QL/030
mára
adjective. mighty, power[ful], doughty; good, excellent, useful (of things)
Variations
- māra ✧ GG/10; PE13/122; PE15/32; QL/057
- Mára ✧ LFC/030
- mā-ra ✧ PE13/125
- măra ✧ PE14/048
- mara ✧ PE14/081; PE15/73
- mára ✧ PE16/137; PE16/140
Derivations
- ᴱ√MAHA “grasp” ✧ QL/057
Cognates
Element in
- Eq. i limbelu tuktalla nai mára “*the long search may be good” ✧ PE15/32
- Eq. mal “better, best” ✧ PE14/081
- Eq. malda “better, best” ✧ PE14/081
- Eq. mára mesta an ni véla tye ento, ya rato nea “good-bye until I see you next, and I hope it will be soon” ✧ LFC/030
- Eq. néri ur natsi nostalen máre “*men are not beings good by nature” ✧ PE15/32
- Eq. nostalen mára “good by nature” ✧ GG/10
- Eq. qentien no máre nar i hondor “*than good, I said, are the hearts” ✧ PE15/32
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√MAHA > māra [maxrā] > [maxra] > [maɣra] > [māra] ✧ QL/057 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source maite augmentative - ✧ PE13/125 meante superlative - ✧ PE13/125 māre plural “*good” ✧ PE15/32; PE15/32 malda augmentative - ✧ PE15/73 márea stative “is good” ✧ PE16/140 maranye stative-past - ✧ PE16/141
alu
noun. dressed leather
Derivations
- ᴱ√ALU “cleanse, dress” ✧ QL/030
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ALU > alu [alū] > [alu] ✧ QL/030
arta
preposition. across, athwart
Derivations
- ᴱ√TARA “*across”
Cognates
- G. adr(a) “lying athwart; situated on far side” ✧ GL/17; LT2A/Artanor
Element in
- Eq. Artanor “Land Beyond” ✧ LT2A/Artanor
aulenosse
proper name. Kindred of Aulë
Name for the Kindred of Aulë in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/176), a compound of Aule and nosse “people” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Aulenossë).
Variations
- Aulenossë ✧ LT1/176; LT1A/Aulenossë; LT1A/Valinor; LT1I/Aulenossë
pirindi qitimar
pirindi qitimar
Variations
- pirinda qitima ✧ QL/078 (
pirinda qitima)Changes
pirinda qitima→ pirindi qitimar ✧ QL/078
aina
adjective. holy, revered, worshipful
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AY̯A > aina [ajnā] > [ajna] > [aina] ✧ QL/034
aqi
adjective. a brace, a couple of, both
Derivations
- ᴱ√ATA “dual” ✧ QL/033
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ATA > aqi [atkʷī] > [atkʷi] > [akʷkʷi] > [akʷi] ✧ QL/033
ainurarda
place name. Place of the Gods
A Qenya equivalent of G. Gar Ainion “Place of the Gods” in an early name list (PE13/103). It is probably a compound of Ainu “God” and arda “place”.
Cognates
- G. Gar Ainion “Place of the Gods” ✧ PE13/103
Elements
Word Gloss Ainu “a (pagan) God” arda “place, spot”
angoronti
place name. Mountains of Iron
Qenya name for the Iron Mountains from the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/31, PME/31), a compound of anga “iron” and some variant of oro “hill”, possibly an earlier form of ᴹQ. oron “mountain”. The Quenya form of this name did not appear in Tolkien’s later writings. Based on Angoron(ti), the singular form might be Angoron.
Variations
- Angaron(ti) ✧ LT1A/Angamandi
- ANGORON(TI) ✧ QL/031
Cognates
- G. Angorodin “Iron Mountains”
Elements
Word Gloss anga “iron” oro “hill”
ar
preposition. to, against, next, on (wall)
Variations
- ar ✧ QL/033
Derivations
- ᴱ√ASA “*beside, close to” ✧ QL/033
Cognates
- G. art “beside, along side of”
Element in
- Eq. astuvu- “to begin” ✧ QL/033
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ASA > ar [as] > [ar] ✧ QL/033 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source as- stem - ✧ QL/033 asa- prefix - ✧ QL/033
hya-
prefix. *her; 3rd sg. fem. possessive
Variations
- hya· ✧ PE14/054
an(a)
preposition. to(wards); until
Variations
- an ✧ LFC/030; PE15/32
- ana ✧ QL/031
Derivations
- ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” ✧ QL/031
Element in
- Eq. ar váro naltur an ómi karmar “*but rather they are to all deeds” ✧ PE15/32
- Eq. mára mesta an ni véla tye ento, ya rato nea “good-bye until I see you next, and I hope it will be soon” ✧ LFC/030
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ANA > ana [anā] > [ana] ✧ QL/031
pampinë
noun. tremor, earthquake
Derivations
- ᴺ✶. PAP “*tremble”
aru
adverb. in addition, as well, besides
Derivations
- ᴱ√ƷARA “spread, extend sideways; wide places” ✧ QL/032
fúmelot valinoriva
(large) poppy
Variations
- fumella valinōrea ✧ QL/044
Elements
Word Gloss fumella “(red) poppy, (lit.) flower of sleep” Valinor “Land of the Gods”
úri nienaite híse
a bleared sun
The thirty second line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/214). The first word is úri “sun” followed by the adjective nienaite “tearful” and the noun híse “mist”. These last two words are translated loosely as “bleared” in the English, perhaps more literally meaning “*[with a] tearful mist”.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> úri nienaite híse = “*sun tearful mist”
Element in
- Eq. Oilima Markirya “The Last Ark”
alandri
collective name. Earth [Fay]
Name for a type of Earth Fay in Tolkien’s “Creatures of the Earth” from the 1910s (PE14/10). Its etymology is unclear.
Variations
- alandri ✧ PE14/010
aïlior
collective name. Water [Fay]
Name for a type of Water Fay in Tolkien’s “Creatures of the Earth” from the 1910s (PE14/10). Its etymology is unclear.
Variations
- aïlior ✧ PE14/010
narqelion
Narqelion
Elements
Word Gloss n·alalmino lalantila “*from the elm-tree falling one by one” ne·súme lasser pínea “*small leaves were in the wind” ve sangar voro úmeai “*like throngs ever large” oïkta rámavoite malinai “*of yellow birds on the wing” ai lintuilind(ov)a Lasselanta “*oh Fall with its many swallows” piliningwe súyer nalla qanta “*the airs are so full” kuluvai ya karnevalinar “*of golden feathers and orange-red ones too” v’ematte sinqi Eldamar “*that they call to mind the gems of Elven-home” san rotser simpetalla pinqe “*then pipes playing their thin music” súlimarya sildai, hiswa timpe “*slender columns of pearl, a dim rain” san sirilla ter i·aldar “*at that time following through the trees” lilta lie noldorinwa “*the dancing gnome-folk” ómalingwe lir’ amaldar “*sang a gentle tune with many voices” sinqitalla laiqaninwa “*sparkling green and blue” n·alalmino hyá lanta lasse “*from the elm-tree here a leaf falls” torwa pior má tarasse “*the dark-brown fruit in the hand of the hawthorns” tukalla sangar úmeai “*attracting large throngs” oïkta rámavoite karneambarai “*of red-breasted birds on the wing” ai lindórea Lasselanta “*oh with singing at dawn Fall” nierme mintya náre qanta “*reminds me that is is filled with grief”
aute
noun. goods, property, wealth, money
Variations
- autë ✧ LT2A/Ausir
- aute ✧ QL/033
Derivations
- ᴱ√AW̯A “*wealth” ✧ LT2A/Ausir; QL/033
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AW̯A > autē- > aute [awtē] > [awte] > [aute] ✧ QL/033
ankasse(a)
adjective. lofty, tall, (lit.) up-headed, high-headed
Variations
- ankasse ✧ QL/030
- ankassea ✧ QL/030
aikaldamor
masculine name. Broadshoulder, Broad Back
A Qenya equivalent of G. Egalmoth appearing in both the Qenya and Gnomish Lexicons from the 1910s (QL/29; GL/19, 32). Christopher Tolkien translated the name as “Broadshoulder” in his appendices to the Lost Tales (LT2A/Egalmoth), while J.R.R. Tolkien translated it more literally as “Broad Back” in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/29). It is a compound of aika “broad” and (plural or masculinized?) aldamo “back, shoulders”. In linguistic notes from the 1920s, Tolkien explored alternate forms of this name: Akaldamor, Ekaldamor, Ekaldamos (PE13/104, 142, 159), but the Quenya form of this name did not appear in later writings.
Variations
- Akaldamor ✧ PE13/104
- Ekaldamos ✧ PE13/142
- Ekaldamor ✧ PE13/142; PE13/159
Derivations
- ᴱ√EIKA “*far, broad” ✧ GL/32
- ᴱ✶Eka-ʒalda-mbod-t “he of the broad shoulders” ✧ PE13/142; PE13/159
Cognates
- G. Egalmoth “Broadshoulder, Broad-back” ✧ GL/19; GL/32; LT2A/Egalmoth; PE13/113; PE13/142; PE13/159; PE13/104; QL/029
Elements
Word Gloss aika “broad, vast” aldamo “shoulder(s), back”
ailin
noun. lake, pool
Variations
- ailin ✧ GL/17; LT2A/Elwing; PE13/136; PME/029; QL/029
- Ailin ✧ PE15/14
Cognates
Element in
- Eq. ailinon “water lily” ✧ QL/029
Elements
Word Gloss AYA(LA) “lake” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ailind- stem - ✧ PE13/158 ailindi plural - ✧ PE13/158
ailo
noun. lake, pool
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA(LA) “lake”
Cognates
- G. ail “lake, pool” ✧ GL/17; LT2A/Elwing
Element in
- Eq. Ailuvin “Lake Foam” ✧ GL/17
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ailu stem - ✧ GL/17
anarie
noun. liberality
Derivations
- ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” ✧ QL/031
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ANA > anarie [anariē] > [anarie] ✧ QL/031
foalóke
noun. *serpent that guarded a treasure
Variations
- Foalókë ✧ LBI/Foalókë; LBI/Fuithlug; LT2/070; LT2I/Foalókë; LT2I/Fuithlug
- foalókë ✧ LT2A/Foalókë
- Foaloke ✧ QL/037 (
Foaloke)- Foalôke ✧ QL/038
Cognates
- G. fuithlug “dragon (who guards treasure)” ✧ LBI/Fuithlug; LT2I/Fuithlug; LT2/070; LT2A/Foalókë
Elements
Word Gloss foa “hoard, treasure” lóke “snake, dragon”
lossiattea
?. [unglossed]
Element in
- Eq. anwe or aiqale elta súrut lunte aiwendon lossiattea “*went on the heights driven by the wind a ship like a bird with a blossom-white neck” ✧ PE16/147
súlimarya
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- Súlimarya ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. súlimarya sildai, hiswa timpe “*slender columns of pearl, a dim rain” ✧ VT40/08
lante no lanta-mindon
falling upon fallen towers
The twenty eighth line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/214). The first word is the aorist tense of the verb lant- “to fall”, its subject being the “old darkness” (aire móre) of the previous phrase. This is followed by the preposition no “upon” with a compound of the adjective lanta “fallen” with the noun mindon “tower”, loosely translated as plural “towers” in the English.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> lant-e no lanta-mindon = “*fall-(aorist) upon fallen-tower”
Element in
- Eq. Oilima Markirya “The Last Ark”
i
pronoun. *those, whom
Variations
- i ✧ PE15/32; PE15/32
Element in
- Eq. nalto fustúme ma Melkon i “*they can be smelled out by Melko whom” ✧ PE15/32
- Eq. varúse qentier nóvo san i “*in other manner than was said before” ✧ PE15/32
linqarassea
adjective. [unglossed]
Element in
- Eq. tauren linqarassean ✧ PE16/080
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source linqarassean nominative - ✧ PE16/080
orme
noun. summit, crest, hilltop
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “summit, crest” given as a derivative of ᴱ√ORO (QL/70). It was glossed “hilltop” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/70).
Variations
- ormë ✧ LT1A/Kalormë
- orme ✧ PME/070; QL/070
Derivations
- ᴱ√ORO “steepness, rising” ✧ LT1A/Kalormë; QL/070
Cognates
- G. orm “hill top, summit” ✧ LT1A/Kalormë
Element in
- Eq. Kalorme “Hill Crest over which the Sun Rises” ✧ LT1A/Kalormë
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ORO¹ > orme [ormē] > [orme] ✧ QL/070
ardalomba
place name. Secret Place
A Qenya name for G. Gar Thurion in early name lists (PE13/102), a compound of arda “place” and lomba “secret”. It appeared beside the variant form Ardaurin whose etymology is less clear.
Variations
- Ardaurin ✧ PE13/102 (Ardaurin)
Cognates
- G. Gar Thurion “Secret Place” ✧ PE13/102
Elements
Word Gloss arda “place, spot” lomba “secret”
ar laiqali linqi falmari
and the green wet waves
Variations
- ar laikvali linkvi falmari ✧ PE16/104
Element in
- Eq. Earendel (Poem)
aurinde
noun. summer, pleasant warmth
Variations
- aurin(de) ✧ PME/033
ainu
noun. a (pagan) God
Variations
- ainu ✧ LT1A/Ainur; PME/034; QL/034
- Aino ✧ PE15/72
Changes
Ainu→ Ainur ✧ LT1/061Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034
Cognates
Element in
- Eq. Ainurarda “Place of the Gods”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AY̯A > ainu [ajnū] > [ajnu] > [ainu] ✧ QL/034 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Ainur plural - ✧ LT1/061; LT1A/Ainur; LT1I/Ainur; LT2I/Ainur; PE13/103; PE15/20; PE15/27; PME/034
are
adverb. beside, along
Variations
- are ✧ QL/032
Derivations
- ᴱ√ƷARA “spread, extend sideways; wide places” ✧ QL/032
Element in
- Eq. aryúlima “equal, equivalent”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ƷARA > are [ɣari] > [ɣare] > [are] ✧ QL/032 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ari prefix - ✧ QL/032
valka
adjective. cruel, bitter
Variations
- valka ✧ QL/101
Derivations
- ᴱ√VḶKḶ “‽” ✧ QL/101
Element in
- Eq. valkane “torture” ✧ QL/101
- Eq. Valkarauke ✧ QL/101
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√VḶKḶ > valka [βḹkā] > [βḹka] > [vḹka] > [valka] ✧ QL/101
alildon ornin lassevarnen
alildon ornin lassevarnen
Variations
- alildon ornin lassevarnen, ✧ PE16/080
ambasse
noun. breast-plate, hauberk, byrne, cuirass
Cognates
- G. ammos “byrne, hauberk, cuirass”
píke assari silde
blinking on bones gleaming
The thirty third line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/214). The first word is the aorist form of the verb pik- “to blink” followed by an inflected form assari of as (ass-) “bone” modified by the plural form of the adjective silda “gleaming”. Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter suggested that assari might be an idiomatic use of the dative or perhaps a variant accusative (PE16/87), but I believe it might be a variant locative: the r-locative.
Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:
> pík-e assa-r-i sild-e = “*blink-(aorist) bone-on-(plural) gleaming-(plural)”
Element in
- Eq. Oilima Markirya “The Last Ark”
aka
adverb. very, intensive
Derivations
- ᴱ√AKA “*intensive, excessive”
Element in
- Eq. aka- “intensive” ✧ PE15/78
ande(a)
adjective. long (of space)
Variations
- andra ✧ GL/51
- anda ✧ GL/51; PE14/045; PE14/045; PE14/076; PE14/077; PE14/077; PE15/74
- ande ✧ QL/031
- andea ✧ QL/031
Derivations
- ᴱ√ṆÐṆ “stretch, extend” ✧ QL/031
Cognates
- G. in(d)ra “long (also used of time)” ✧ GL/51
Element in
- Eq. anda-lepta “long-fingered” ✧ PE15/74
- Eq. anda ráma “(a) long wing” ✧ PE14/076
- Eq. anda-ráma “long-arm(ed); long-wing(ed)” ✧ PE14/045; PE15/74; PE15/74
- Eq. Andesalke “Africa, (lit.) Long-grass” ✧ QL/031
- Eq. andesilqe “long-haired, long-tressed” ✧ QL/031
- Eq. ondoisen andalissen ✧ PE16/057; PE16/060
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√NÐN > yǝ > ande [ṇðjǝ] > [ṇðj] > [ṇði] > [ṇðe] > [anðe] > [ande] ✧ QL/031 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source anda(s) accusative - ✧ PE14/045; PE14/077 andan genitive - ✧ PE14/045; PE14/077 andar dative - ✧ PE14/045; PE14/077 ande plural - ✧ PE14/045; PE14/077 ande(n) accusative plural - ✧ PE14/045; PE14/077 anden genitive plural - ✧ PE14/045; PE14/077 ander dative plural - ✧ PE14/045; PE14/077 †andeon genitive plural - ✧ PE14/045; PE14/077 andalissen locative plural - ✧ PE16/057; PE16/060 andĭ- stem “long” ✧ PME/031; QL/031
are
adverb. very, intensive
Variations
- are ✧ PE14/081; PE15/78
Element in
- Eq. ari- “intensive” ✧ PE14/081; PE15/78
earendel (poem)
Earendel (Poem)
Elements
Word Gloss san ninqeruvisse lútier “then upon a white horse sailed” kiryasse Earendil or vea “Earendel, upon a ship upon the sea” ar laiqali linqi falmari “and the green wet waves” langon veakiryo kírier “the throat of the sea-ship clove” wingildin o silqelosseën “the foam-maidens with blossom-white hair” alkantaniéren úrio kalmainen “made it shine in the lights of the sun” i lunte linganer “the boat hummed like a harp-string” tyulmin talalínen aiqalin kautáron “the tall masts bent with the sails” i súru laustaner “the wind lausted (made a windy noise)”
kalaine
noun. serenity, serene
Derivations
- ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” ✧ QL/044
Cognates
- G. glaimri “serenity, fair weather”
Element in
- Eq. kalain(e)a “serene” ✧ QL/044
- Eq. Kalainis “May” ✧ QL/044
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√KALA > kalaine [galainē] > [galaine] > [kalaine] ✧ QL/044
vá
adverb/adjective. gone forth, away
Variations
- vá ✧ PE15/70 (
vá)- vā² ✧ QL/099
Derivations
- ᴱ√VAHA “*depart, travel” ✧ QL/099
Cognates
- G. bâ “away, off”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√VAHA > vā² [βaxā] > [βaxa] > [βaɣa] > [βā] > [vā] ✧ QL/099
-a
suffix. adjectival suffix
Variations
- -ea ✧ QL/074 (-ea); QL/075 (-ea); QL/077 (-ea); QL/077 (-ea); QL/091 (-ea); QL/092 (-ea); QL/092 (-ea); QL/092 (-ea)
Element in
- Eq. aistalea “worshipful” ✧ QL/034
- Eq. alasta “of marble, marble” ✧ QL/030
- Eq. aldea “tree-shadowed”
- Eq. atempa “(strong) dislike” ✧ QL/090
- Eq. auqa “awkward, clumsy (of things), difficult” ✧ QL/033
- Eq. aurea “sunny, sunlit” ✧ QL/033
- Eq. avíka “very much alike”
- Eq. assea “bony”
- Eq. talqea “glassy” ✧ QL/088
- Eq. kityalea “ticklish, susceptible, sensitive” ✧ QL/047
- Eq. koirea “alive, lively” ✧ QL/048
- Eq. talanda “burdened, weighed down, sad” ✧ QL/088
- Eq. fanórea “absent-minded” ✧ QL/037
- Eq. ekkia “thorny” ✧ QL/035
- Eq. eressea “lonely”
- Eq. pómea “northern” ✧ QL/074
- Eq. hatsea “rushing, rapid” ✧ QL/039
- Eq. helinillea “*violet” ✧ QL/039
- Eq. órea “of the dawn, Eastern” ✧ QL/070
- Eq. illia “in multitudes” ✧ QL/042
- Eq. isqalea “clever” ✧ QL/043
- Eq. kaimassea “confined to bed, a-bed, bedridden” ✧ PE14/079
- Eq. karneambara “*red-breasted” ✧ QL/048
- Eq. kiryassea “what is on board ship” ✧ PE14/047
- Eq. kómea “globe-shaped, round” ✧ QL/047
- Eq. kotsia “nutty” ✧ QL/048
- Eq. kulmarinda “orange-coloured” ✧ QL/049
- Eq. kulurinda “orange-coloured” ✧ QL/049
- Eq. lassea “with leaves, leafy” ✧ QL/051
- Eq. latukenda “of tin” ✧ QL/051
- Eq. laumea “dark, stormy” ✧ QL/051
- Eq. laurea “golden” ✧ PE15/73
- Eq. lempea “half” ✧ PE14/051
- Eq. limpalassea “much roaring” ✧ QL/053
- Eq. lindelea “melodious” ✧ QL/054
- Eq. lindea “singing, *musical” ✧ QL/054
- Eq. lindórea “singing at dawn (esp. of birds)” ✧ QL/054
- Eq. líneneldora “having many beeches” ✧ QL/053
- Eq. linqea “watery” ✧ QL/054
- Eq. lintasarindea “having many willows” ✧ QL/053
- Eq. lintuilinda “many-swallows of autumn” ✧ QL/053
- Eq. lintuilindórea “of autumn; when many swallows congregate and sing at dawn”
- Eq. lintyulussea “having many poplars” ✧ QL/053
- Eq. liqistea “transparent” ✧ QL/054
- Eq. listea “full of grace, blessed” ✧ QL/055
- Eq. lómea “*gloomy”
- Eq. lómina “shadowy” ✧ QL/055
- Eq. lótea “full of blossom” ✧ QL/056
- Eq. lotórea “flourishing” ✧ QL/055
- Eq. luina “ago” ✧ QL/056
- Eq. lúlea “sapphirine” ✧ QL/057
- Eq. lúmia “pertaining to time, temporal” ✧ QL/056
- Eq. lúrea “overcast, dark [of weather]” ✧ QL/057
- Eq. Makarnea “Red-handed”
- Eq. maksilistea “powerful, having possession of or authority over” ✧ QL/057
- Eq. malikondea “of amber” ✧ QL/058
- Eq. maqalea “handy, skilled (with hands)” ✧ QL/057
- Eq. lempea “decimal” ✧ QL/052
- Eq. melitsa “beloved, favourite” ✧ QL/060
- Eq. mirmila “rippling” ✧ QL/061
- Eq. mulda “powdery” ✧ QL/063
- Eq. murmea “slumbrous” ✧ QL/063
- Eq. naikelea “agonizing” ✧ QL/065
- Eq. narka “snappy, ill-tempered” ✧ QL/064
- Eq. násea “loathsome” ✧ QL/064
- Eq. niqissea “snowy” ✧ QL/066
- Eq. nardilea “perfumed” ✧ QL/068
- Eq. narwa “fragrant” ✧ QL/068
- Eq. nornea “of oak” ✧ QL/067
- Eq. nornelassea “having oak-leaves” ✧ QL/067
- Eq. kaurea “timid”
- Eq. númea “in the west, western” ✧ QL/068
- Eq. nyenya “querulous, tearful, plaintive” ✧ QL/069
- Eq. olórea “dreamy, dreamlike” ✧ QL/069
- Eq. palassea “foaming (of the sea)” ✧ QL/072
- Eq. pampil(e)a “tremulous” ✧ QL/072
- Eq. pirindea “cylindrical” ✧ QL/074
- Eq. pirúk(end)ea “pirouetting, whirling lightly” ✧ QL/074
- Eq. pínea “small” ✧ QL/073
- Eq. poldórea “muscular, powerful” ✧ QL/075
- Eq. málea “able” ✧ PE15/67
- Eq. qalúmea “deathly” ✧ QL/076
- Eq. qentea “verbal” ✧ QL/077
- Eq. qim(en)ea “womanly, feminine” ✧ QL/077
- Eq. qirqirinda “murmuring” ✧ QL/078
- Eq. qalmea “deathly” ✧ QL/076
- Eq. qámea “sick” ✧ QL/076
- Eq. qilda “quiet, hushed, still” ✧ QL/078
- Eq. qilea “coloured, -hued” ✧ QL/077
- Eq. qínea “squeaking” ✧ QL/077
- Eq. qinqelea “languorous” ✧ QL/077
- Eq. werelinda “twirling, pirouetting” ✧ QL/103
- Eq. mírea “smiling” ✧ QL/061
- Eq. raustea “of prey” ✧ QL/079
- Eq. asampe(a) “cavernous”
- Eq. rua “steady, still, tranquil” ✧ QL/080
- Eq. saikelea “famished” ✧ QL/082
- Eq. salamba “twanging, throbbing, resounding, echoing” ✧ QL/081
- Eq. saminda “silken” ✧ QL/081
- Eq. silmea “*of the moon” ✧ QL/056
- Eq. silqeléna “having tresses” ✧ QL/083
- Eq. silqelossea “with hair like white flowers” ✧ PE16/100
- Eq. siliq(in)a “flinty” ✧ QL/083
- Eq. loimea “thirsty” ✧ QL/056
- Eq. sunqelea “westering, setting” ✧ QL/087
- Eq. susúlima “full of wind, windy, airy” ✧ QL/086
- Eq. telerea “elfin” ✧ QL/091
- Eq. telella “elfin” ✧ QL/091
- Eq. telúmea “final, conclusive, end; last; extreme” ✧ QL/091
- Eq. telpea “silvern” ✧ QL/091
- Eq. telusta “outer, extreme, ultimate” ✧ QL/091
- Eq. tendilea “feeling; sentimental” ✧ QL/091
- Eq. tilwínea “shining” ✧ QL/092
- Eq. timpina “fine, powdered, sprayed” ✧ QL/092
- Eq. timpínea “made of spray, full of fine showers, showery (of weather)” ✧ QL/092
- Eq. tiqilindea “thawing, slushy” ✧ QL/092
- Eq. tólea “central, middle” ✧ QL/094
- Eq. túrea “mighty” ✧ QL/095
- Eq. turinda “royal, of the ruling dynasty; in power” ✧ QL/096
- Eq.
turinqia“royal, Queenly” ✧ QL/096 (turinqia)- Eq. ulwea “alder-grown” ✧ QL/097
- Eq. valdea “of moment, important” ✧ QL/102
- Eq. valkea “cutting, sharp” ✧ QL/101
- Eq. vanest(e)a “beautious” ✧ QL/099
- Eq. vea “similar, like” ✧ QL/101
- Eq. waliemba “tropical” ✧ QL/103
- Eq. wilwarinda “butterflylike”
- Eq. yarendila “like a sailor” ✧ QL/105
aldeon
noun. avenue (of trees)
Variations
- aldëon ✧ LT1A/Aldaron
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aldeond- stem - ✧ QL/029
alalminóre
place name. Land of (Many) Elms
A region in Tol Eressëa in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/16). It is a compound of alalme “elm” and nóre “land” (QL/29, 66).
Variations
- Alalminōre ✧ GL/52 (
Alalminōre); PE15/29 (Alalminōre); PME/029; QL/066- Alalminórë ✧ LRI/Gar Lossion; LT1/016; LT1/039; LT1A/Alalminórë; LT1I/Alalminórë; LT1I/Gar Lossion; LT2/313; LT2I/Alalminórë
- Alalminor ✧ LT1I/Alalminórë
- Alalminore ✧ PE15/07
Cognates
- G. Dor Lalmin ✧ GL/52; PE15/07
- G. Gar Lossion “Place of Flowers” ✧ LRI/Gar Lossion; LT1I/Gar Lossion
alantya
adjective. *shielded, protected
Cognates
- En. alanc “*shielded, protected” ✧ PE13/158
simpeta-
verb. *to pipe
Element in
- Eq. san rotser simpetalla pinqe “*then pipes playing their thin music” ✧ VT40/08
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source simpetalla active-participle - ✧ VT40/08
súlisan
proper name. Sunday
Alternate of the first Sunday in the Valinorian fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of súlime “wind” and sana “day”, replacing rejected Taimósi (probably from taime “sky”).
Variations
- Sūlisan ✧ PE14/022
Elements
Word Gloss súlime “wind” sana “day (24 hours)”
teleatka
proper name. Teleatka
Variations
- Teleakta ✧ QL/032 (
Teleakta)Changes
Teleakta→ Ilkorin ✧ QL/032Elements
Word Gloss akta “notion”
ailuvin
feminine name. Lake Foam
A Qenya equivalent of G. Elwing, more obviously related to the archaic form of that name G. †Ailwing, appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/17). Tolkien indicated that its stem form as Ailuving-. Assuming it has the same meaning as its Gnomish equivalent, it is probably a compound of ailo “lake” and some form of winge “foam”. The Quenya form of this name did not appear in later writings.
Cognates
- G. Ailwing “Lake Foam” ✧ GL/17
Elements
Word Gloss ailo “lake, pool” winge “(blowing) foam, spindrift, froth, scud, spray; wave” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Ailuving- stem - ✧ GL/17
alqalunte
proper name. Swanship
The swan ships from Kópas Alqalunte(n) (LT1/164), a compound of alqa “swan” and lunte “ship”.
Variations
- Alqaluntë ✧ LT1A/Alqaluntë
Element in
- Eq. Kópas Alqalunte(n) “Haven of the Swanships” ✧ LT2A/Cópas Alqalunten
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Alqalunten genitive - ✧ LT1A/Alqaluntë
ambapenda
adjective. uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome
Cognates
- En. amvenn “uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome” ✧ PE13/159
morniento
place name. Morniento
Changes
Morniento→ Emnon ✧ LT1/170Morniento→ Emnon ✧ LT1I/Amnos
ke
pronoun. you; 2nd sg. pronoun
Variations
- ke- ✧ PE14/052; PE14/085
- te- ✧ PE14/052 (
te-)- ke ✧ PE14/053
Changes
te-→ ke- “Sg. 2” ✧ PE14/052Element in
- Eq. kéto “you (emphatic); 2nd sg. pronoun” ✧ PE14/052; PE14/052 (
tēto)- Eq. ketya “*your; 2nd sg. possessive emphatic” ✧ PE14/052
- Eq. mai ke·tule “do you come?” ✧ PE14/053
- Eq. tya- “*your; 2nd sg. possessive” ✧ PE14/052
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ke accusative - ✧ PE14/053 ken genitive - ✧ PE14/053 ker dative - ✧ PE14/053 -ten genitive - ✧ PE14/053 -ter dative - ✧ PE14/053
ailinon
noun. water lily
Element in
- Eq. Ailinóne ✧ QL/029
alalme
noun. elm (tree)
Variations
- alalmë ✧ LT1A/Aldaron
Derivations
- ᴱ√ALA “spread‽” ✧ LT1A/Aldaron; QL/029
Cognates
- G. lalm “elm, elm-wood” ✧ LT1A/Alalminórë
Element in
- Eq. Alalminóre “Land of (Many) Elms” ✧ LT1A/Aldaron; QL/029
- Eq. n·alalmino hyá lanta lasse “*from the elm-tree here a leaf falls” ✧ VT40/08
- Eq. n·alalmino lalantila “*from the elm-tree falling one by one” ✧ VT40/08
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ALA² > alalme [alalmi] > [alalme] ✧ QL/029 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source alalmi stem - ✧ PME/029 alalmĭ- stem - ✧ QL/029 alalmino genitive - ✧ VT40/08; VT40/08
kalain(e)a
adjective. serene
Variations
- kalaina ✧ GL/39; QL/044; QL/056
- kalainea ✧ QL/044
Cognates
- G. glaim “serene, clear, fair (espec. of weather)” ✧ GL/39
Element in
- Eq. Lunde Kalaina “May” ✧ QL/056
láwakéle
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- lāwakēle ✧ QL/052
Elements
Word Gloss LAWA “*life (esp. plants)” KELE “flow, run; ooze, trickle”
ma
adverb. *interrogative particle
Variations
- ma ✧ PE16/077
Derivations
- ᴱ√MA “root of indef[inite]”
Element in
- Eq. ma kaire laiqen ondolissen kirya maita? “*does a ship lie maimed on green rocks?” ✧ PE16/077
teler-’ohta
proper name. *Sea-elf War
Variations
- teler-’ohta ✧ PE14/109
amunte
noun. sun-rise, (lit.) lifting
Variations
- amuntë ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth
Derivations
- ᴱ√AM(U) “up(wards)” ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth; QL/030
Cognates
- G. amon “hill, mount, steep slope” ✧ PE13/110
- G. am(b)ros(t) “dawn”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AM(U) > amunte [amuntē] > [amunte] ✧ QL/030
akairis
noun. bride, wife
A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bride” or “wife” based on the early root ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” (QL/30, 46), also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “wife, bride” (PME/30). Tolkien said it was used as a name of ᴱQ. Erinti (QL/36; PME/30).
Variations
- Akairis ✧ PME/030
Derivations
- ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” ✧ QL/046
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√KAYA > akairis [akajristǝ] > [akajrist] > [akajris] > [akairis] ✧ QL/046 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source akairist- stem - ✧ QL/030; QL/046 akairis- stem - ✧ QL/046
kalmaliondo
proper name. Son of Light
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Kalmaliondi plural “sons of Light” ✧ PE14/075
nuan·ekkala
tomorrow morning
Variations
- ettui ✧ QL/034
andesalke
place name. Africa, (lit.) Long-grass
A name for Africa from the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/31, 84), glossed “long-grass” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/31). It is a compound of ande(a) “long” and salke “grass”.
Variations
- Andisalke ✧ QL/031 (
Andisalke)Changes
Andisalke→ Andesalke ✧ QL/031
alda
noun. tree, branch
Derivations
- ᴱ√ALA “spread‽” ✧ LT1A/Aldaron; QL/029
Cognates
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ALA² > alda [aldā] > [alda] ✧ QL/029 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source i aldas definite plural “the trees” ✧ LT1/085 aldar plural - ✧ VT40/08
arvalin
place name. Nigh Valinor
Variations
- Arvalion ✧ GL/20; LT1A/Eruman
- Afalinan ✧ LT1A/Eruman
- Arvalien ✧ LT1I/Arvalin
Changes
- Arvalin → Avathar ✧ LT1/082
Cognates
hosta
noun. walled tower
Variations
- hosta ✧ PME/071
Derivations
- ᴱ√HOSO “*gather”
pirimbe
noun. ring, circle
Derivations
Cognates
- En. rhim “ring, circle” ✧ PE13/152
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶p’rimbe > pirimbe [pirimbē] > [pirimbe] ✧ PE13/152
-wen
suffix. *number suffix
Variations
- -ven ✧ QL/033 (-ven)
- -we ✧ QL/071 (-we)
Element in
alkanta-
verb. to make shine
Element in
- Eq. alkantaniéren úrio kalmainen “made it shine in the lights of the sun” ✧ MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source alkantaméren past 3rd-pl-fem “made it shine” ✧ MC/216 alkantaniéren past 3rd-pl-fem “made it shine” ✧ PE16/100; PE16/100 alkantanéren past 3rd-pl-fem - ✧ PE16/100 alkantanieeren past 3rd-pl-fem - ✧ PE16/104
ambar
noun. breast, bosom
Variations
- ambar ✧ MC/213; PME/030; QL/030; QL/048 (ambar)
Cognates
- G. am “breast, front (chest)”
Element in
- Eq. ambasse “breast-plate, hauberk, byrne, cuirass” ✧ QL/030
- Eq. karneambar “robin, (lit.) red-breast” ✧ QL/048
- Eq. níve qímari ringa ambar “the pale phantoms in her cold bosom” ✧ MC/213
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ambas- stem - ✧ PME/030; QL/030 ambar- stem - ✧ QL/030
angamandi
place name. Hells of Iron
Variations
- Angamandu ✧ LT1A/Angamandi; LT1A/Eriol; LT1A/Mandos; PE15/20 (
Angamandu); QL/058- Angamandos ✧ PE15/20 (
Angamandos)- Angamandor ✧ PME/036
- ANGAMANDU ✧ QL/031
- ANGAMANDOS ✧ QL/058 (
ANGAMANDOS)Changes
Angamandos→ Angamandu ✧ PE15/20Angamandu→ Angamandi ✧ PE15/20Cognates
Elements
Word Gloss anga “iron” mandu “hell; abyss” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Angamandi plural “Hells of Iron” ✧ QL/031
angasan
place name. Halls of Iron
A name appearing in early name lists but not in the Lost Tales (PE13/104; PE15/20), a compound of anga “iron” and san “hall”.
Cognates
- G. Angtham “Halls of Iron” ✧ PE15/20; PE13/104
Elements
Word Gloss anga “iron” san “hall, dwelling house”
apsa
noun. hole, opening
Derivations
- ᴱ√AFA “open, begin” ✧ QL/029
Cognates
- G. ôth “hole, opening”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AFA > apsa [aɸsā] > [aɸsa] > [apsa] ✧ QL/029
eremandu
place name. Hells of Iron
Variations
- Erimandu ✧ PE15/20
- Eremando ✧ PE15/20 (
Eremando)- Eremandor ✧ PME/036
- EREMANDU ✧ QL/031; QL/036
- EREMANDOS ✧ QL/058 (
EREMANDOS)Changes
Eremando→ Erimandu ✧ PE15/20Elements
Word Gloss ere(n) “iron, steel” mandu “hell; abyss”
(a)malda
adjective. tender, soft, kind, gentle
Variations
- amalda ✧ QL/030; QL/058; QL/062
- malda ✧ QL/062
Derivations
Element in
- Eq. ómalingwe lir’ amaldar “*sang a gentle tune with many voices” ✧ VT40/08
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√MLŘL > malda [mḹðā] > [mḹða] > [malða] > [malda] ✧ QL/062 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source amaldar plural - ✧ VT40/08
alkara
adjective. brilliant, bright, shining
Element in
- Eq. ailinisse alkarain “upon the shining shore” ✧ MC/221; PE16/074
- Eq. ailinissen alkarain “*upon the shining shore” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. alkarissen oilimain “in the last rays of light” ✧ PE16/072
- Eq. oilimisse alkarasse ✧ PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/072
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source alkarain plural “shining” ✧ MC/221; PE16/074; PE16/077 alkarasse locative - ✧ PE16/062; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/072 -alkarisse locative - ✧ PE16/067 -alkarasse locative - ✧ PE16/076 -alkaraisen locative plural - ✧ PE16/076; PE16/080
si
pronoun. they; 3rd pl. fem. pronoun
Variations
- si- ✧ PE14/052; PE14/085
- si ✧ PE16/057 (
si)Derivations
- ᴱ✶ti “they; 3rd pl. fem. pronoun” ✧ PE14/052; PE14/085
Element in
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source si accusative - ✧ PE14/053 sin genitive - ✧ PE14/053 sir dative - ✧ PE14/053 illon ablative plural - ✧ PE14/054
alka
noun. ray (of light), light of day; shining
Variations
- alkar ✧ PE16/075
Derivations
Element in
- Eq. alkara “brilliant, bright, shining” ✧ QL/030
- Eq. alkarissen oilimain “in the last rays of light” ✧ MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/074; PE16/077
- Eq. vean san falastuváre alkalótefalmarínen “*the sea then will surge with waves like shining blossoms” ✧ PE16/077; PE16/077
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶ak’lā > alka [aklā] > [akla] > [alka] ✧ QL/030 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source alkarissen locative plural “in the ... rays of light” ✧ MC/221; PE16/074; PE16/077 alkarisse locative - ✧ PE16/062
ára
noun. dry sand, grit
A noun given as {āra >>} àra in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “dry sand, grit” given as a derivative of ᴱ√ARA “be dry” (QL/32), also mentioned as āra in contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon along side its Gnomish cognate G. ôr of similar meaning (GL/62). It is not clear what (if any) significance the grave accent à has.
Variations
- āra ✧ GL/62; QL/032 (
āra)- àra ✧ QL/032
Changes
āra→ àra ✧ QL/032Derivations
- ᴱ√ARA “(be) dry” ✧ QL/032
Cognates
- G. ôr “dry sand” ✧ GL/62
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ARA > àra [ārā] > [āra] ✧ QL/032
aldaron
masculine name. King of Forests
Variations
- Aldar-on ✧ PE13/110
Cognates
Element in
- Eq. Orome Aldaron
anta
noun. cheek; jaw(s)
Derivations
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶ṃ̄t- > anta [ṃ̄tā] > [ṇ̄tā] > [ṇ̄ta] > [anta] ✧ GL/19 ᴱ✶mtā > anta [ṃtā] > [ṇtā] > [ṇta] > [anta] ✧ PE12/026
falma fundunár
falma fundunár
Variations
- {falmain >>} falma {fundanyuváron >> funduváren >>} funduváre ✧ PE16/057
- falma {fundunáre >>} fundunár ✧ PE16/060
satto
adjective. both; the two
Derivations
- √SATH “pair”
Element in
- Eq. i·satto nér “both the men” ✧ PE14/083
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source satto(s) accusative - ✧ PE14/077 satton genitive - ✧ PE14/077 sattor dative - ✧ PE14/077 †[satt]ur dative - ✧ PE14/077
aki
adjective. extreme, vehement, excessive
Derivations
- ᴱ√AKA “*intensive, excessive” ✧ GL/17
Cognates
- G. agra “extreme, vehement, excessive” ✧ GL/17
a-
prefix. *intensive prefix
Variations
- a- ✧ QL/030
Element in
aista
noun. honour, reverence
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034
Cognates
- G. aist “reverence, awe”
Element in
- Eq. aistale “worship” ✧ QL/034
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AY̯A > aista [ajstā] > [ajsta] > [aista] ✧ QL/034
alasta
adjective. of marble, marble
A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. alasta “of marble, marble”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. alas (alast-) “marble” (QL/30).
Neo-Quenya: I think it might likewise be used in Neo-Quenya as ᴺQ. alasta, an adjectival form of ᴺQ. alas “marble”.
Cognates
- G. glastrin “marble”
ank
noun. loop, handle, ring
Derivations
- ᴱ√ṆQṆ ✧ QL/031; QL/098
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ᵁNQᵁN > ank [ṇ̄kʷ] > [aŋkʷ] > [aŋk] ✧ QL/031 ᴱ√(U)ṆQ(U)Ṇ¹ > ank [ṇ̄kʷ] > [aŋkʷ] > [aŋk] ✧ QL/098 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source anq- stem - ✧ QL/031
arm-
verb. to gather, collect
Derivations
- ᴱ√ƷṚMṚ “*gather” ✧ QL/032
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√‘ṚMṚ > arm- [ṛm-] > [arm-] ✧ QL/032 ᴱ√‘ṚMṚ > arme [ṝme-] > [arme-] ✧ QL/032 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source arme past - ✧ QL/032
haura
adjective. old, aged, ancient
Derivations
- ᴱ✶χou̯-ră ✧ GL/49
Cognates
- G. hôr “old, aged, ancient” ✧ GL/49
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶χou̯-ră > haura [xourā] > [xoura] > [xaura] > [haura] ✧ GL/49
anwa
adjective. high up, place high
Derivations
- ᴱ√AM(U) “up(wards)” ✧ QL/030
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AM(U) > anwa [amuā] > [amua] > [amwa] > [anwa] ✧ QL/030
ahúra
noun. Sun
An early Qenya word for the Sun appearing in a word list from the 1920s (PE15/77). Its etymology is obscure.
Element in
- Eq. ahúrasilqi “sun and moon” ✧ PE15/77
aiwala
masculine name. Aiwala
An (Early) Qenya equivalent to Eöl in an early name list along with a number of variants (PE13/104). In some other early notes, it appeared as Arval (LT2I/Arval). Its etymology is unclear.
Variations
- Arval ✧ LT2I/Arval
- Aiwi ✧ PE13/104
- Aival ✧ PE13/104
Cognates
- Un. Eöl ✧ LT2I/Arval
atempa
noun. (strong) dislike
Variations
- atemba ✧ QL/090 (
atemba)Changes
atemba→ atempa ✧ QL/090Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶a · tefe- > atempa [atemɸā] > [atemɸa] > [atempa] ✧ QL/030
kaya-
verb. to lie
Variations
- kay- ✧ PE16/132
Derivations
- ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell”
Element in
- Eq. kaire laiqa’ondoisen kirya “the white ship lay upon the rocks” ✧ MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
- Eq. ma kaire laiqen ondolissen kirya maita? “*does a ship lie maimed on green rocks?” ✧ PE16/077
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Kaire present 3rd-sg-fem “lay” ✧ MC/221 kaire present 3rd-sg-fem “lay” ✧ PE16/062; PE16/074; PE16/077 -kainer past 3rd-sg-fem - ✧ PE16/065 käire present 3rd-sg-fem - ✧ PE16/072 †kaire present 3rd-sg-fem - ✧ PE16/075 kair present 3rd-sg-fem - ✧ PE16/075
angaino
proper name. Oppressor, Tormentor
Variations
- Angainu ✧ GL/37; LT2I/Angainu; MRI/Angainor
- Angaino/Angayar ✧ PME/034
- Angear ✧ QL/034
- Angayar ✧ QL/034 (
Angayar)Changes
- Angaino → Engainor ✧ LBI/Angainor
- Angaino → Angainor “Oppressor” ✧ LT1I/Angaino
Angayar→ Angear ✧ QL/034Derivations
- ᴱ√ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve” ✧ QL/034
Cognates
- G. Gainu “Tormentor” ✧ GL/18; GL/37; GG/08; LT1A/Angaino
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√NAẎA > Angear [aŋajer] > [aŋgajer] > [aŋgear] ✧ QL/034 ᴱ√NAẎA > Angaino [aŋaðʲnō] > [aŋaðʲno] > [aŋajno] > [aŋaino] > [aŋgaino] ✧ QL/034
atta
noun. father (child’s word)
Variations
- atta ✧ PME/033; QL/033
Derivations
- ᴱ√ATA
Cognates
- G. (n)ada “daddy, father”
Element in
- Eq. attawhi “parents”
aimaktu
noun. martyr (m.)
Variations
- aimakt(u) ✧ PME/034
- aimaktar ✧ PME/034
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034
Elements
Word Gloss makta- “to slay, slaughter” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AY̯A > aimaktu [aimaktū] > [aimaktu] ✧ QL/034 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aimaktar- stem - ✧ QL/034
alkana-
verb. to blaze
Derivations
- ᴱ√ḶK/KAL “*glory” ✧ QL/030
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ḶK/KAL > alkana- [ḹkana-] > [alkana-] ✧ QL/030
allu-
verb. to wash
Variations
- alnu- ✧ QL/030
Derivations
- ᴱ√ALU “cleanse, dress” ✧ QL/030
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ALU > allu- [allu-] ✧ QL/030 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source allune past - ✧ QL/030
angaisin(i)e
noun. torment
Variations
- angaisine ✧ QL/034
- [angaisin]ie ✧ QL/034
Derivations
- ᴱ√ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve” ✧ QL/034
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√NAẎA > angaisine [aŋaðʲsinē] > [aŋaðʲsine] > [aŋajsine] > [aŋaisine] > [aŋgaisine] ✧ QL/034
apta-
verb. to open
Derivations
- ᴱ√AFA “open, begin” ✧ QL/029
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AFA > apta- [aɸta-] > [apta-] ✧ QL/029
nyúken
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- nyuuken ✧ PE16/077
Element in
- Eq. kaivon nyúken i·sapsanta silmerána númetár “*the gleaming-moon goes down like a corpse into the grave” ✧ PE16/077
yaksina
adjective. of steel
Cognates
- G. gaisin “of steel”
(a)rauka
adjective. swift, rushing
Variations
- arauka ✧ LT2A/Rog; PE13/137; PE13/160; PME/034; PME/079; QL/032; QL/032; QL/034; QL/079
- rauka ✧ PME/079; QL/079
Derivations
Cognates
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√rava > arauka [araβkā] > [araβka] > [arauka] ✧ QL/034 ᴱ√RAẆA > rauka [raɣʷkā] > [raɣʷka] > [rawka] > [rauka] ✧ QL/079
-ngwe
suffix. *together
Element in
- Eq. ómalingwe lir’ amaldar “*sang a gentle tune with many voices” ✧ VT40/08
- Eq. piliningwe súyer nalla qanta “*the airs are so full” ✧ VT40/08
aimaksin
noun. martyr (f.)
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AY̯A > aimaksin [aimaktin] > [aimaktsin] > [aimaksin] ✧ QL/034 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aimaksi- stem - ✧ QL/034
ambalar
noun. the East
Variations
- Ambustar ✧ PE16/062; PE16/076 (
Ambustar)- Ambustaar ✧ PE16/072
- Ambalaar ✧ PE16/077
Changes
Ambustar→ Ambalar ✧ PE16/074Element in
- Eq. hísimandulómi anta móri rauqi n·Ambalár “*the black mist-clouds of hell come rushing from the East” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. mandulómi anta móri Ambalar “the East raised black shadows out of hell” ✧ MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
angien
masculine name. Iron-god
Cognates
- G. Angainos “Iron-god” ✧ GL/18
Elements
Word Gloss anga “iron”
aqa-
verb. to seize
Derivations
- ᴱ√AQA “*seize” ✧ QL/031
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AQA > aqin [akwa-] ✧ QL/031 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aqin present 1st-sg “I seize in my hand” ✧ QL/031 anqe past “seized” ✧ QL/031
areandor
place name. (Land of) Desert
A Qenya name for ᴱIlk. Aryador “Land of Shadow” in the Qenya and Gnomish Lexicons and the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/32, GL/20). In the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, it was glossed “(Land of) Desert” (PEM/32), a compound of arean “wilderness” and nóre “land”. It also appeared in the variant forms Areanóre and Areanor. A similar form ᴹQ. Aryandor appeared in linguistic notes from the early 1930s, where its primitive form ᴹ✶arʒāndōrē was said to mean “Dread Land” (PE21/32).
Variations
- Areanor ✧ GL/20; PE12/027
- Arëandor ✧ LT1A/Aryador
- Arëanor ✧ LT1A/Aryador
- Áreanòr ✧ PE12/027
- Areanóre ✧ PE12/027
- Àreanóre ✧ PE12/027
- areandor ✧ PME/032
- areanóre ✧ QL/032
Cognates
Elements
Word Gloss arean “wilderness, deserted place” nóre “(native) land, nation, family, country”
oronte
noun. sun-rise
Variations
- orontë ✧ LT1A/Oromë
Derivations
- ᴱ√OÐO “*dawn” ✧ LT1A/Oromë; QL/070
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√OŘO > oronte [ōðontē] > [ōðonte] > [ōzonte] > [ōronte] ✧ QL/070
qalmisan
proper name. Tuesday
Name of the second Tuesday in the Valinorian fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of qalme “death” and sana “day”.
Elements
Word Gloss qalme “death, agony” sana “day (24 hours)”
sinqita-
verb. [unglossed]
Element in
- Eq. sinqitalla laiqaninwa “*sparkling green and blue” ✧ VT40/08
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Sinqitalla active-participle - ✧ VT40/08
taimósi
proper name. Taimósi
Variations
Taimōsi✧ PE14/022 (Taimōsi)Changes
Taimōsi→ Sūlisan ✧ PE14/022Elements
Word Gloss taime “sky”
ukárele
noun. [unglossed]
Variations
- uká̹rele ✧ PE12/006
Derivations
ulka tur
ulka tur
Variations
- ulca tur ✧ QL/097
aimo
noun. saint (m.)
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AY̯A > aimo [ajmō] > [ajmo] > [aimo] ✧ QL/034
aka-
prefix. intensive
Variations
- aka ✧ PE15/78
aksa
noun. waterfall
A word for “waterfall” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the root ᴱ√ASAKA (QL/29). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon as a cognate of G. acha of the same meaning (GL/17).
Variations
- aksa ✧ GL/17; LT1A/Asgon; LT1A/Helkaraksë; QL/029
Derivations
- ᴱ√ASAKA “*waterfall” ✧ QL/029
Cognates
- G. acha “waterfall” ✧ GL/17; LT1A/Asgon
Element in
- Eq. Aksan(da) ✧ LT1A/Asgon
- Eq. Helkarakse “Icefang” ✧ LT1A/Helkaraksë (aksa)
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ASAKA > aksa [asakā] > [asaka] > [aska] > [aksa] ✧ QL/029
angayanda
adjective. miserable
Derivations
- ᴱ√ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve” ✧ QL/034
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√NAẎA > angayanda [aŋajandā] > [aŋajanda] > [aŋgajanda] ✧ QL/034
ari-
prefix. intensive
Variations
- are- ✧ PE14/081
avarna
adjective. very rich
Derivations
- ᴱ√AW̯A “*wealth” ✧ QL/033
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AW̯A > avarna [awárnā] > [awárna] > [auárna] > [awárna] > [avárna] ✧ QL/033
il(l)aika
adjective. blunt
Variations
- ilaika ✧ QL/041
- illaika ✧ QL/041
-íne(a)
suffix. diminutive
Variations
- -íne ✧ PE14/049
- -ine ✧ PE14/081
- -inea ✧ PE14/081
- -inya ✧ PE14/081
- -īne ✧ QL/042
- -īnea ✧ QL/042
- -inke ✧ QL/046 (-inke)
Element in
anda ráma
(a) long wing
Changes
anda ráma→ anda ráma “(a) long arm” ✧ PE14/076
angaitya-
verb. to torment
Variations
- angaitya ✧ LT1A/Angaino; QL/081
Derivations
- ᴱ√ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve” ✧ QL/034; QL/081
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√NAẎA > angaitya- [aŋaðʲtʲa-] > [aŋajtʲa-] > [aŋaitʲa-] > [aŋgaitʲa-] ✧ QL/034 ᴱ√NAẎA > angaitya [aŋaðʲtʲa-] > [aŋajtʲa-] > [aŋaitʲa-] > [aŋgaitʲa-] ✧ QL/081 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source angaisine past - ✧ QL/034
ar(a)
conjunction. but; and
Variations
- ar ✧ MC/216; MC/216; PE15/32; PE15/32; PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/060; PE16/077; PE16/077; PE16/090; PE16/092; PE16/100; PE16/104; PE16/146; QL/033
Derivations
- ᴱ√ƷARA “spread, extend sideways; wide places” ✧ QL/032
Element in
- Eq. ar i·kiryo kaluváre talain kulukalmalínen “*and the sails of the ship will shine with golden lights” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. ar i·súru laustuváro lintataurelasselindon “*and the wind will roar like many forest leaves” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. ar laiqali linqi falmari “and the green wet waves” ✧ MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104
- Eq. ar tanda kiryaiko lúte ✧ PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060
- Eq. ar tanda kirya lúte ✧ PE16/060
- Eq. ar váro naltur an ómi karmar “*but rather they are to all deeds” ✧ PE15/32
- Eq. ar wingildin wilwarindeën “and the foam-like butterflies” ✧ MC/216; PE16/090; PE16/092
- Eq. nérinwe ar ómu nalto úsiére “*of these men and although they have escaped” ✧ PE15/32
- Eq. unlunke naiqe yu vaile·na ar elle ha men ambostuva “*he pulled his sword from the sheath and drove it into the breast” ✧ PE16/146
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ƷARA > ar(a) [ɣar] > [ar] ✧ QL/032
firin
noun. ray of sun
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “ray of sun”, derived from the root ᴱ√FIŘI [FIÐI] (QL/38).
Variations
- firin ✧ LT2A/Glorfindel; QL/038
Derivations
- ᴱ√FIÐI “*hair” ✧ LT2A/Glorfindel; QL/038
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√FIŘI > firin [ɸiðin] > [fiðin] > [fizin] > [firin] ✧ QL/038
urwen(di)
feminine name. Sun-maiden
Variations
- Úrwend ✧ GL/18 (
Úrwend)- Urwendi ✧ GL/75; LT1A/Urwen; LT1I/Urwendi; LT2I/Urwendi; MRI/Urwendi; PMI/Urwendi; SM/170; SMI/Úrien; SMI/Urwen
- Urwen ✧ LT1A/Ónen; LT1A/Ûr; LT1A/Urwen (
Urwen); LT1I/Urwendi (Urwen); PE14/015; PME/098; QL/098; SM/170; SMI/Úrien; SMI/Urwen- Urwandi ✧ LT1I/Urwendi
Changes
Urwen→ Urwendi ✧ LT1A/UrwenUrwen→ Urwendi ✧ LT1I/Urwendi- Urwendi → Úrien ✧ SM/170
- Urwen → Urwendi ✧ SM/170
- Urwendi → Úrien ✧ SMI/Úrien
- Urwendi → Úrien ✧ SMI/Urwen
Cognates
- G. Urwedhin “Maiden of the Sun-ship” ✧ GL/75; LT1A/Urwen; LT1A/Urwen
Elements
Word Gloss Ûr “Sun, (lit.) Fire” wen(di) “maid, girl, maiden”
vaiya
noun. sky, skies
A word for “sky” or “skies” in the Oilima Markirya poem and its drafts from around 1930 (MC/221; PE16/75) probably based on the early root ᴱ√VAẎA.
Variations
- vaiya ✧ MC/214; PE16/065 (
vaiya); PE16/075Changes
vaiya→ vaite ✧ PE16/062Derivations
- ᴱ√VAẎA “enfold, wind about”
Element in
- Eq. nu karne vaiya “under red skies” ✧ MC/214
- Eq. vaite “skied”
aika
adjective. broad, vast
Derivations
- ᴱ√EIKA “*far, broad” ✧ QL/029
Cognates
Element in
- Eq. Aikaldamor “Broadshoulder, Broad Back” ✧ GL/32; LT2A/Egalmoth; QL/029
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√EI̯KA > aika [ejkā] > [ejka] > [eika] > [aika] ✧ QL/029
alaswa
adjective. like marble
A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variations alaswa, alakse, alaska glossed “like marble”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. alas (alast-) “marble” (QL/30).
Neo-Quenya: I see no straightforward way of adapting any of these forms to Neo-Quenya, so I stick to ᴺQ. alasta as the adjectival form of “marble” instead.
Variations
- alakse ✧ QL/030
- alaska ✧ QL/030
arda
noun. place, spot
@@@ probably from [ɣarðā] since cognate G. gar(th) ends in [θ] which only develops from [ð] when final after a consonant
Derivations
- ᴱ√ƷARA “spread, extend sideways; wide places” ✧ QL/032
Cognates
- G. gar(th) “place, district”
Element in
- Eq. Ainurarda “Place of the Gods”
- Eq. Ardaliskea “Place of Reeds”
- Eq. Ardalomba “Secret Place”
- Eq. Arda Valarwa
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ƷARA > arda [ɣarðā] > [ɣarða] > [arða] > [arða] ✧ QL/032
hon
noun. stone, rock
Variations
- ŋonda ✧ PE13/162 (
ŋonda)- ŋondō ✧ PE13/162 (
ŋondō)Changes
ŋonda→ hond- ✧ PE13/162Derivations
- ᴱ√ƷONO “hard”
Cognates
- En. gonn “stone, rock” ✧ PE13/162
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source hond- stem “stone, rock” ✧ PE13/162 hondi plural - ✧ PE13/162
arda valarwa
place name. Arda Valarwa
A variant of Ainurarda “Place of the Gods” in an early name list (PE13/103), a compound of arda “place” and the plural adjectival form of Vala.
Elements
Word Gloss arda “place, spot” Vala “God”
aryan
place name. Shadow Place
Another name for Mandos said to mean “Shadow Place”, appearing in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/32). It is probably a combination of ᴱ√ƷARA and ᴱ√YAÐA as suggested by Lokyt. ᴱQ. Aryanor was said to be a more direct translation of ᴱIlk. Aryador “Land of Shadow”.
Cognates
- G. Garioth “Land of Shade” ✧ QL/032
Elements
Word Gloss ƷARA “spread, extend sideways; wide places” YAÐA “*gloom”
malda
adjective. better, best
Variations
- malda ✧ PE14/048; PE14/048; PE14/081; PE14/081; PE15/70
Element in
- Eq. malda la munta “better than nothing” ✧ PE14/048; PE14/081
- Eq. malda muntar “better than nothing” ✧ PE14/048; PE14/081
(ana)tarwesta
noun. crucifix(ion)
Variations
- anatarwesta ✧ QL/031
Elements
Word Gloss ana- “?towards” tarwe “cross, crucifix” -sta “verbal noun, infinitive, gerund”
aldea
adjective. tree-shadowed
Elements
Word Gloss alda “tree, branch” -a “adjectival suffix”
alkar(in)
noun. temple, shrine
Variations
- alkar ✧ GL/18
- alkarin ✧ GL/18; QL/030
- alkar- ✧ QL/030
Derivations
- ᴱ√ḶK/KAL “*glory” ✧ QL/030
Cognates
- G. alc(hor) “shrine, fane, temple” ✧ GL/18; GL/18
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ḶK/KAL > alkar- [ḹkar] > [alkar] ✧ QL/030
aris
noun. daughter, maid
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “daughter, maid”, a feminine variant of ᴱQ. ar “child” (QL/32). It is also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “daughter” (PME/32).
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source arits- stem - ✧ PME/032; QL/032
arma
noun. flock of sheep
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “flock of sheep” derived from the early root ᴱ√‘ṚMṚ (QL/32).
Derivations
- ᴱ√ƷṚMṚ “*gather” ✧ QL/032
Cognates
- G. grim “host, folk” ✧ QL/032
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√‘ṚMṚ > arma [ṛmā] > [ṛma] > [arma] ✧ QL/032
-nto
suffix. fraction suffix
Element in
- Eq. leminto “one fifth” ✧ PE14/051
- Eq. maisinto “one thousandth” ✧ PE14/085
- Eq. mindórinto “one millionth”
- Eq. otsonto “one seventh”
- Eq. tuksanto “one hundredth”
- Eq. yukainento “one twentieth”
aini
noun. (pagan) goddess
Variations
- aini ✧ LT1A/Ainur; PME/034; QL/034
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034
Cognates
- G. ainil “(female) god” ✧ PE13/108
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AY̯A > aini [ajnī] > [ajni] > [aini] ✧ QL/034 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Ainir plural - ✧ PME/034
kamu-
verb. to lay down, bend down, reduce
Derivations
- ᴱ√KAMA “lie down” ✧ QL/044
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√KAMA > kamu- [kamu-] ✧ QL/044
ainar
noun. temple [body part]
Elements
Word Gloss aina “holy, revered, worshipful” Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ainasti plural - ✧ PE14/117 ainaqi dual - ✧ PE14/117
aldamo
noun. shoulder(s), back
Variations
- almo ✧ PE16/144; QL/029
- alma ✧ PE16/144 (
alma)Changes
alma→ almo ✧ PE16/144Derivations
- ᴱ√ALA “spread‽” ✧ QL/029
Cognates
Element in
- Eq. Aikaldamor “Broadshoulder, Broad Back”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ALA² > almo [almō] > [almo] ✧ QL/029
auk
noun. fool, clumsy fellow
Derivations
- ᴱ✶ƷAWAKA “clumsy”
Cognates
- G. gôg “clumsy; left (hand)”
Element in
- Eq. auqa “awkward, clumsy (of things), difficult” ✧ QL/033
ni
pronoun. I; 1st sg. pronoun
Variations
- ni ✧ LFC/030; PE14/053; PE14/056; PE14/056; PE14/059
- ni- ✧ PE14/052; PE14/085
Element in
- Eq. an ni “give (it) me” ✧ PE14/053
- Eq. an nir “give (it) me” ✧ PE14/053
- Eq. nímo “I (emphatic); 1st sg. pronoun” ✧ PE14/052
- Eq.
mai ni·tule na tu·tulil nai“if I come then they might come” ✧ PE14/059 (mai ni·tule na tu·tulil nai*)- Eq. mai ni·tule tu·tulil “if I come (generic), they come (generic)” ✧ PE14/059
- Eq. mai ni·túlie tu·túliel “*if I had come, they would have come” ✧ PE14/059
- Eq. mai ni·tuluva tu·tuluval “whenever I come, they will come” ✧ PE14/059
- Eq. mai ni·tuluva tu·tuluval ki “if I come (fut.), they will come” ✧ PE14/059
- Eq. mára mesta an ni véla tye ento, ya rato nea “good-bye until I see you next, and I hope it will be soon” ✧ LFC/030
- Eq. ninya “*my; 1st sg. possessive emphatic” ✧ PE14/052
- Eq. ni·hepsine nímo tanko i·mailinen losselin “(it was) I myself (that) bound firmly the beautiful flowers” ✧ PE14/056
- Eq. ni·tule “I come” ✧ PE14/053; PE14/056
- Eq. ni·tule nímo “it is I that come[s]” ✧ PE14/053; PE14/056
- Eq. nya- “*my; 1st sg. possessive” ✧ PE14/052
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ni accusative - ✧ PE14/053 nin genitive - ✧ PE14/053 nir dative - ✧ PE14/053 nisse locative - ✧ PE14/054
aipio
noun. cherry
Variations
- Aipio ✧ PME/034
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ GL/18
Cognates
- G. aibin “cherry (tree)” ✧ GL/18
Elements
Word Gloss aina “holy, revered, worshipful” pio “plum, berry, cherry”
aule
masculine name. Smith
Variations
- Aulë ✧ LBI/Aulë; LT1A/Aulë; LT1I/Aulë; LT2I/Aulë
Derivations
- ᴱ✶Ou̯lē ✧ GL/62
Cognates
Element in
hon
noun. heart
Variations
- londa ✧ PE13/149; PE13/162
- hondo ✧ PE13/162 (
hondo); QL/040- honde ✧ PE16/137
- hon ✧ QL/040
Changes
hondo→ londa “heart” ✧ PE13/162Derivations
- ᴱ√HONO “*heart” ✧ QL/040
Cognates
Element in
- Eq. qentien no máre nar i hondor “*than good, I said, are the hearts” ✧ PE15/32
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√HONO > hon [xondo] > [xondǝ] > [xond] > [hond] > [hon] ✧ QL/040 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source hondor plural “*hearts” ✧ PE15/32 hond- stem - ✧ QL/040
hunto
noun. elephant
Variations
- HUNTO ✧ QL/041
Derivations
- ᴱ√ǶUNU
Cognates
- G. funt “elephant” ✧ QL/041
laika
adjective. keen, sharp
Variations
- laika ✧ GL/53; LT2A/Dramorleg; QL/041; QL/050
Derivations
Cognates
- G. (g)leg “keen, sharp, piercing” ✧ GL/53; LT1A/Tári-Laisi; QL/050
Element in
- Eq. il(l)aika “blunt” ✧ QL/041
- Eq. lastalaike “sharpsighted”
- Eq. Tarambolaika “Thudder-sharp” ✧ LT2A/Dramorleg
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√LAIKA > laika [leikā] > [leika] > [laika] ✧ QL/050
laiwa
adjective. pale
Derivations
- ᴱ✶sleiwa “pale” ✧ PE13/149
Cognates
- En. lhui “pale” ✧ PE13/149
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶sleiwa > laiwa [sleiwā] > [sleiwa] > [leiwa] > [laiwa] ✧ PE13/149
narka
adjective. dead
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source narkea stative “is dead” ✧ PE16/140
naute
noun. skin
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source nausi plural - ✧ PE14/117
satta
adjective. both
Changes
satta→ satto “the two, both” ✧ PE14/082Derivations
- √SATH “pair”
Cognates
- G.
atha“two”
tarwa
adjective. tired
Variations
- tarwa ✧ PE13/161
- tarva ✧ PE13/161
Derivations
- ᴱ✶dar’wa- ✧ PE13/161
Cognates
- En. darw “tired, weary” ✧ PE13/161
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶dar’wa- > tarwa [darwā] > [darwa] > [tarwa] ✧ PE13/161
táne
adjective. [unglossed]
Variations
- tánie ✧ PE13/161
Derivations
Cognates
- En. dain “height, summit; height, loftiness, sublimity” ✧ PE13/161
yaim-
verb. to possess
Variations
- yaime ✧ GL/43
- ia·ma ✧ GL/43 (
ia·ma)- yaima ✧ GL/43
Changes
ia·ma→ yaime ✧ GL/43Derivations
- ᴱ√YAYA “*steel, possession”
Cognates
akta
noun. notion
Derivations
- ᴱ√AHA “know” ✧ QL/029
Element in
- Eq. Teleatka
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√‘AHA > akta [axtā] > [axta] > [akta] ✧ QL/029
heruni
noun. lady
Cognates
- G. hiril “princess, †queen”
kémisan
proper name. Sunday
Name of the second Sunday in the Valinorian fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the goddess Kémi and sana “day”.
Variations
- Kēmisan ✧ PE14/022
Elements
Word Gloss Kémi “Earth-lady, Mother Earth” sana “day (24 hours)”
lilyen
?. [unglossed]
Element in
- Eq. yain tavárin lilyen marden ✧ PE16/080
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source lilyen nominative plural - ✧ PE16/080
lungwe
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴱ√LUŊU
manwisan
proper name. Sunday
Name of the first Sunday in the Valinorian fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the god Manwe and sana “day”.
Elements
Word Gloss Manwe sana “day (24 hours)”
nierme
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- Nierme ✧ VT40/08
Element in
- Eq. nierme mintya náre qanta “*reminds me that is is filled with grief” ✧ VT40/08
poldórien
proper name. Sunday
Name of Sunday in the seven-day week of the Elves (otsola) in an early word list (PE14/21). The day was related to manhood and strength, and was probably derived from poldor “strength”.
Variations
- Poldōrien ✧ PE14/021
Elements
Word Gloss poldor “physical strength; might”
túrin
noun. king(dom)
Variations
- tūrin ✧ PME/096; QL/095; QL/096 (tūrin)
Changes
- tūrin → tūrin “king” ✧ QL/095
Element in
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source tūrin- stem - ✧ QL/095
vanéni
noun. beauty
Variations
- vanēni ✧ QL/099
aistale
noun. worship
Element in
- Eq. aistalea “worshipful” ✧ QL/034
akairis
feminine name. Bride
Another name for Erinti appearing in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/36). It is simply akairis “bride” used as a name.
Elements
Word Gloss akairis “bride, wife”
ala-
verb. ?to grow
Derivations
- ᴱ√ALA “spread‽”
Element in
- Eq. alildon ornin lassevarnen ✧ PE16/080
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source alildon present 3rd-sg-masc - ✧ PE16/080
alfando
masculine name. Alfando
Qenya cognate of G. Flandrog (a name of Melko) in an early name list (PE15/21). It likely has the same mean (“scornful”) but its etymology is unclear, since the associated Gnomish words have no attested Qenya cognates.
Cognates
- G. Flanthog ✧ PE15/21
ana-
prefix. ?towards
Variations
- Ana- ✧ QL/031
Derivations
- ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” ✧ QL/031
Element in
- Eq. (ana)tarwesta “crucifix(ion)” ✧ QL/031; QL/089
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ANA > Ana- [ana-] ✧ QL/031
angaina
adjective. of iron
Variations
- anga(ina) ✧ PME/031
- ANGAINA ✧ QL/031
Cognates
- G. angrin “of iron, iron” ✧ LT1A/Angamandi
anta-
verb. to give
Derivations
- ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” ✧ QL/031
Cognates
- G. antha- “to give”
Element in
- Eq. an ni “give (it) me” ✧ PE14/053
- Eq. an nir “give (it) me” ✧ PE14/053
- Eq. hísimandulómi anta móri rauqi n·Ambalár “*the black mist-clouds of hell come rushing from the East” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. mandulómi anta móri Ambalar “the East raised black shadows out of hell” ✧ MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
- Eq. peanta- “to give into one’s hands, give instructions to, enjoin” ✧ QL/072
- Eq. yar i vilya anta miqilis “to whom the air gives kisses” ✧ MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ANA > anta- [anta-] ✧ QL/031 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source anta aorist “gives” ✧ MC/215; MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/090; PE16/092 antáika ? - ✧ PE12/027 antaista ? - ✧ PE12/027 àntaḯsta ? - ✧ PE12/027 an present “give” ✧ PE14/053 nyanta 1st-sg “I give” ✧ PE14/086 ty’anta 2nd-sg “thou givest” ✧ PE14/086 hwanta 3rd-sg-masc - ✧ PE14/086 hyanta 3rd-sg-fem - ✧ PE14/086 hanta 3rd-sg-neut - ✧ PE14/086 meäntal 1st-pl-exclusive plural - ✧ PE14/086 qeäntal 1st-pl-inclusive plural - ✧ PE14/086 leäntal 2nd-pl plural - ✧ PE14/086 tuäntal 3rd-pl-masc plural - ✧ PE14/086 siäntal 3rd-pl-fem plural - ✧ PE14/086 teäntal 3rd-pl-neut plural - ✧ PE14/086 muyantas 1st-dual-exclusive dual - ✧ PE14/086 muyanyet 1st-dual-exclusive past dual - ✧ PE14/086 -muäntas 1st-dual-exclusive dual - ✧ PE14/086 -muanyet 1st-dual-exclusive past dual - ✧ PE14/086 äntä aorist - ✧ PE16/072 anno imperative “give (me)” ✧ QL/031 -anir present 1st-sg “I give” ✧ QL/031 -áne past “gave” ✧ QL/031 āne past - ✧ QL/031 -anin present 1st-sg - ✧ QL/031
attalin
noun. biped
Elements
Word Gloss at- “bi-, twi-” tala “foot; bottom, lowest part”
attawhi
noun. parents
An archaic dvanda dual form in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s referring to both parents based on older atta(h)-, replaced by the dual atarqi of ᴱQ. atar in normal speech (PE14/77). As a dvanda dual, it was based on the word for “father”, with “mother” being implied. It also appeared in an (archaic?) plural form attahi in the English-Qenya Dictionary, but presumably this only meant “fathers” (PE15/72).
Elements
Word Gloss atta “father (child’s word)”
aukaine
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- àukáine ✧ PE12/027
aulisan
proper name. Tuesday
Name of the first Tuesday in the Valinorian fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of the name of the god Aule and sana “day”.
Elements
Word Gloss Aule “Smith” sana “day (24 hours)”
fuinen
proper name. Tuesday
Name of Tuesday in the seven-day week of the Elves (otsola) in an early word list (PE14/21). The day was related to death and sorrow, and was probably derived from Fui, a name of the Goddess Nienna.
Elements
Word Gloss Fui “Death-goddess, Nienna”
lamáre
noun. flock
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “flock” with variants lāmáre and lamárin, based on ᴱQ. lama “head of cattle or sheep” (QL/50). It was first written as lāma, then amended to lāmáre, -in with lámarin written after it. The editors (Gilson, Hostetter, Wynne and Smith) suggested that this likely indicated two forms: lamáre and lámarin.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. lamnarë “flock, herd”, based on the later word Q. laman (lamn-) “[tame] animal”, with the same suffix -re*. This suggestion came from Röandil in a Discord chat from 2022-03-18.
Variations
- lāmáre ✧ QL/050
- lámarin ✧ QL/050
- lāma ✧ QL/050 (
lāma)Changes
lāma→ lāmáre “flock” ✧ QL/050
marasan
proper name. Tuesday
Alternate name of the first Tuesday in the Valinorian fortnight (PE14/22), a combination of mar “Earth” and sana “day”.
Elements
Word Gloss mar “house, home, dwelling (of men); -land, the Earth” sana “day (24 hours)”
ua
noun. the sea
A word given as a cognate to G. ô “the sea” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ou̯a (GL/61).
Derivations
Cognates
- G. ô “the sea” ✧ GL/61
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶ou̯a > ua [oua] > [ua] ✧ GL/61
wintele
noun. *twinkling
Variations
- ’wintele ✧ QL/104
Derivations
- ᴱ√GWINI “sparkle” ✧ QL/104
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√GWINI > ’wintele [gʷintelē] > [gʷintele] > [wintele] ✧ QL/104
-r
suffix. *allative
Variations
- -r ✧ GG/10
kala-
verb. to shine
Variations
- kal- ✧ PE16/143
Derivations
- ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” ✧ LT1A/Galmir; QL/044
Element in
- Eq. a kálie kulundon “it shone like gold” ✧ PE14/046
- Eq. ar i·kiryo kaluváre talain kulukalmalínen “*and the sails of the ship will shine with golden lights” ✧ PE16/077
- Eq. kirya kalliére “the ship shown” ✧ MC/220; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√KALA > kala- [gala-] > [kala-] ✧ QL/044 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source kalliére past 3rd-sg-fem “shown” ✧ MC/220; PE16/062; PE16/074 kálie past “shone” ✧ PE14/046 -kale past “shone” ✧ PE14/046 kallíere past 3rd-sg-fem - ✧ PE16/057; PE16/060 kallieere past 3rd-sg-fem - ✧ PE16/072 kallie past - ✧ PE16/075 kaluvaare future 3rd-sg-fem - ✧ PE16/077 kalle past “shone” ✧ PE16/143 kāle past - ✧ QL/044
nieninqe
Nieninqe
Elements
Word Gloss norolinde pirukendea “tripping lightly, whirling lightly” elle tande Nielikkilis “thither came little Niéle” tanya wende nieninqea “that maiden like a snowdrop” yar i vilya anta miqilis “to whom the air gives kisses” i oromandin eller tande “the wood-spirits came thither” ar wingildin wilwarindeën “and the foam-like butterflies” losselie telerinwa “the white people of the shores of Elfland” tálin paptalasselindeën “with feet like the music of falling leaves”
ailinóne
feminine name. Ailinóne
Name of “a fairy who dwelt on a lily in a pond” appearing only in the Qenya Lexicon and the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/29, PME/29). It seems to be feminized form of ailinon “water lily”.
Variations
- Ailinōne ✧ PME/029
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source Ailinōni- stem - ✧ PME/029 Ailinónĭ- stem - ✧ QL/029
aire
noun. saint (f.)
Variations
- aire ✧ QL/034
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AY̯A > aire [ajrē] > [ajre] > [aire] ✧ QL/034
ais
noun. good name
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AY̯A > ais [ajstǝ] > [ajst] > [ajs] > [ais] ✧ QL/034 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aist- stem - ✧ QL/034
aksan(da)
place name. Aksan(da)
Qenya equivalent of G. Asgon appearing as Aksanda in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/20) and as Aksan in other early name lists (PE13/101; PE15/20). It is probably derived from aksa “waterfall” according to Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Asgon).
Variations
- Aksanda ✧ GL/20; LT1A/Asgon
- Aksan ✧ LT2A/Asgon; PE13/101; PE15/20
- Eakson ✧ PE13/101 (
Eakson)Changes
Eakson→ Aksan ✧ PE13/101Cognates
- G. Asgon ✧ GL/20; LT1A/Asgon; LT2A/Asgon; PE15/20; PE13/101
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source akson- stem - ✧ PE13/101
attalaite
adjective. biped
Elements
Word Gloss at- “bi-, twi-” tala “foot; bottom, lowest part” -ite “adjective ending”
uole·mi·kūme
proper name. Moon King
Variations
- Uolë Mikúmi ✧ LT1/198 (
Uolë Mikúmi); LT1I/Uolë Kúvion (Uolë Mikúmi)Changes
Uolë Mikúmi→ Uolë Kúvion ✧ LT1/198Uolë Mikúmi→ Uolë Kúvion ✧ LT1I/Uolë Kúvion
andon
noun. door, gate
Variations
- ando ✧ PE13/160
Derivations
- ᴱ✶andond- ✧ PE13/137
Cognates
- En. ann “door” ✧ PE13/137; PE13/160
Element in
- Eq. Andonavestan “Gates of Summer”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶andond- > andon [andond] > [andon] ✧ PE13/137 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source andondi plural - ✧ PE13/137; PE13/160 andoli plural - ✧ PE13/137; PE13/160
apaika
adjective. conquering
Variations
- apaira ✧ QL/034
Derivations
- ᴱ√PAẎA “requite, punish, take vengeance on, conquer, subdue” ✧ QL/034
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√paẏa > apaika [apaðʲkā] > [apaðʲka] > [apajka] > [apaika] ✧ QL/034
apaitya-
verb. to conquer
Variations
- apaitya ✧ QL/034
Derivations
- ᴱ√PAẎA “requite, punish, take vengeance on, conquer, subdue” ✧ QL/034
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√paẏa > apaitya [apaðʲkja-] > [apajkja-] > [apaikja-] > [apaitja-] ✧ QL/034 ᴱ√paẏa > apaiksine [apajkjne-] > [apaiksine-] ✧ QL/034 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source apaiksine past - ✧ QL/034
-rin
suffix. noun suffix
Variations
- -lin ✧ QL/103
- rin ✧ QL/103
Element in
austa
noun. (high) summer
Derivations
- ᴱ√AWA “burn; be parched, yellow, warm” ✧ QL/033
Cognates
- G. aust “summer”
Element in
- Eq. austalende “mid-summer’s day” ✧ QL/033
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AWA > austa [awstā] > [awsta] > [austa] ✧ QL/033
aira
adjective. holy, worshipful
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere”
Element in
- Eq. i air’ anūre “monks” ✧ QL/031
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source air’ elided - ✧ QL/031
aiko
noun. cliff
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. aiko (aiku-) “cliff” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently a noun variant of ᴱQ. aiqa “steep” appearing nearby (QL/29). Since ᴹQ. aiqa “steep” continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings (Ety/AYAK), perhaps this word can be salvaged for Neo-Quenya writing as ᴺQ. aico (aicu-).
Derivations
- ᴱ√AIK(W)-
Element in
- Eq. aikuvoite “cliffy, rocky” ✧ QL/029
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aiku- stem - ✧ QL/029
aire
adjective. old
Variations
- aire ✧ MC/214
Element in
- Eq. aire móre ala tinwi “the old darkness beyond the stars” ✧ MC/214
aiwe
noun. bird
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA ✧ GL/17
Cognates
- G. aigli “bird” ✧ GL/17
Element in
- Eq. anwe or aiqale elta súrut lunte aiwendon lossiattea “*went on the heights driven by the wind a ship like a bird with a blossom-white neck” ✧ PE16/147
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√aı̯² > aiwe [ajwē] > [ajwe] > [aiwe] ✧ GL/17 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aiwendon similative - ✧ PE16/147
alma
noun. face
Derivations
- ᴱ√ALA “gaze‽” ✧ QL/029
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ALA¹ > alma [almā] > [alma] ✧ QL/029
alqa
noun. swan
Variations
- alqe ✧ GL/18; LT1A/Alqaluntë
- Alqa ✧ QL/030
Derivations
- ᴱ√ḶKḶ “*appearance” ✧ QL/030
Cognates
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√(I)ḶKḶ > Alqa [ḹkʷa] > [alkʷa] ✧ QL/030
alva
adjective. ?lofty
Derivations
Cognates
- G. alw(eg) “lofty (of living things, trees, men)”
amun
noun. hill
Variations
- amun(d) ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth
Derivations
- ᴱ√AM(U) “up(wards)” ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth; QL/030
Cognates
- G. amon “hill, mount, steep slope” ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AM(U) > amun [amund] > [amun] ✧ QL/030 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source †amund- stem “hill” ✧ PME/030; QL/030
anga
noun. iron
Variations
- Anga ✧ LT1/100
- ANGA ✧ QL/031
Cognates
Element in
apte
adjective. open
Derivations
- ᴱ√AFA “open, begin” ✧ QL/029
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AFA > [aft]yǝ > apte [aɸtjǝ] > [aɸtj] > [aɸti] > [aɸte] > [apte] ✧ QL/029
aswa
adjective. of bone
Variations
- aksa ✧ QL/033
attu
noun. father
Variations
- atto ✧ PE16/135
- tatto ✧ PE16/135
Derivations
- ᴱ√ATA
aurin
adjective. warm
Derivations
Cognates
- En. oren “hot (weather)” ✧ PE13/160
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶aurina- > aurin [awrina] > [awrinǝ] > [awrin] > [aurin] ✧ PE13/160 ᴱ√AWA > aurin [awrina] > [awrinǝ] > [awrin] > [aurin] ✧ QL/033
aute
adjective. rich
Variations
- autë ✧ LT2A/Ausir
- aute ✧ QL/033
Derivations
- ᴱ√AW̯A “*wealth” ✧ LT2A/Ausir; QL/033
Cognates
- G. ausin “rich; fortune” ✧ LT2A/Ausir
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AW̯A > aute [awti] > [awte] > [aute] ✧ QL/033 ᴱ√AW̯A > ausi [awti-] > [auti-] > [autsi-] > [ausi-] ✧ QL/033 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ausi stem - ✧ QL/033
har(e)
preposition. near
Variations
- har ✧ QL/039
Derivations
- ᴱ√HAÐA “cleave, remain” ✧ QL/039
Element in
- Eq. Harwalin “Near the Valar” ✧ LT1A/Eruman; QL/039
- Eq. Haranoldor
- ᴺQ. harivë “closely, nearly”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√HAŘA > har(e) [xaðǝ] > [xað] > [hað] > [haz] > [har] ✧ QL/039
kâ
noun. jaw
Cognates
- G. gag “jaw” ✧ GL/37
áye
interjection. hail
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AY̯A > áye [ajē] > [aje] > [aie] > [aije] > [āje] ✧ QL/034
ómu
adverb. [unglossed]
Variations
- ōmu ✧ PE15/32
Element in
- Eq. nérinwe ar ómu nalto úsiére “*of these men and although they have escaped” ✧ PE15/32
Elements
Word Gloss on(t) “everything”
akse
noun. steel
Element in
- Eq. aksina “steel” ✧ PE15/77
- Eq. i mitta ’n·felda aksínen “the worst piece of steel” ✧ PE14/048; PE14/081
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source aksínen partitive “of steel” ✧ PE14/048 aksinen partitive “of steel” ✧ PE14/081 aksīnen partitive “steel” ✧ PE15/77
alkar
noun. glory
Variations
- alkar ✧ GL/39
Derivations
- ᴱ√ḶK/KAL “*glory”
Cognates
- G. aglar “glory” ✧ GL/39
amnor
place name. Amnor
A strand (beach) in Valinor in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/176). This name as first given as Morniento, revised to Emnon then Amnos (LT1/167, 170) and finally Amnor (LT1/197). The meaning of this name is unclear.
Variations
- Amnos ✧ LT1/170; LT1/197 (
Amnos); LT1I/Amnor (Amnos); LT1I/Amnos- Emnon ✧ LT1/170 (
Emnon); LT1/197 (Emnon); LT1I/Amnos (Emnon)Changes
Emnon→ Amnos ✧ LT1/170Amnos→ Amnor ✧ LT1/197Emnon→ Amnos ✧ LT1/197Amnos→ Amnor ✧ LT1I/AmnorEmnon→ Amnos ✧ LT1I/Amnos
anai
noun. woman
A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s form “woman” with variants anai and anî, a feminine form ᴱQ. anu “a male” (QL/31).
Variations
- anî ✧ QL/031
Element in
- Eq. anaina “womanly” ✧ QL/031
assea
adjective. bony
Elements
Word Gloss as “bone” -a “adjectival suffix”
auvar
masculine name. Wealth
A Qenya name for G. Ausir in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/33), also appearing as Autar and replacing rejected Avar/Avas.
Variations
- Autar/Auvar ✧ QL/033
- Avar/Avas ✧ QL/033 (
Avar/Avas)Changes
Avar/Avas→ Autar/Auvar “wealth” ✧ QL/033Derivations
- ᴱ√AW̯A “*wealth” ✧ QL/033
Cognates
- G. Ausir “Wealth (Personified)”
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source -Avas-/Avast- stem - ✧ QL/033
kaile
noun. lip
Cognates
- G. cail “lip”
naiqe
noun. ?sword
Derivations
- ᴱ√ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve”
Element in
- Eq. unlunke naiqe yu vaile·na ar elle ha men ambostuva “*he pulled his sword from the sheath and drove it into the breast” ✧ PE16/146
olwea
adjective. stinking
Derivations
Cognates
- En. golwai “stinking” ✧ PE13/145
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶ʒolwéya > olwea [ɣolwejā] > [ɣolweja] > [olweja] > [olweia] > [olwea] ✧ PE13/145
oqi
noun. snake
Derivations
- ᴱ√OQO “curve, bend” ✧ QL/070
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√OQO > oqi [okʷī] > [okʷi] ✧ QL/070
penda
adjective. *sloping
Variations
- penda ✧ PE13/159 (penda)
Derivations
- ᴱ✶bendā “slanting, sloping, up or down hill” ✧ PE13/160
Cognates
Element in
- Eq. ambapenda “uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome” ✧ PE13/159
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶bendā > penda [bendā] > [benda] > [penda] ✧ PE13/160
pundo
noun. [unglossed]
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source pundo nominative - ✧ PE16/111 [pund]uin nominative plural - ✧ PE16/111 [pund]uva accusative - ✧ PE16/111 [pund]ui accusative plural - ✧ PE16/111 [pund]uvo genitive - ✧ PE16/111 [pund]uvion genitive plural - ✧ PE16/111 [pund]uion genitive plural - ✧ PE16/111 [pund]uve dative - ✧ PE16/111 [pund]uir dative plural - ✧ PE16/111
ranta
noun. part
Element in
- Eq. rantali n·kolumen “parts of the body” ✧ PE14/117
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source rantali plural “parts” ✧ PE14/117
sauke
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴱ√SAW̯A “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/082
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√SAW̯A > sauke [sawkē] > [sawke] > [saule] ✧ QL/082
súme
?. [unglossed]
Element in
- Eq. ne·súme lasser pínea “*small leaves were in the wind” ✧ VT40/08
umpai
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- úmpài ✧ PE12/027
yakse
noun. steel
Variations
- yaisa ✧ GL/37; GL/37
- yakse ✧ GL/37 (
yakse)- Y̯akse ✧ QL/105
Changes
yakse→ yaisa ✧ GL/37Derivations
Cognates
- G. gais “steel” ✧ GL/37; GL/37
Element in
- Eq. yaksina “of steel” ✧ QL/105
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶ı̯aisa > yaisa [jaisā] > [jaisa] ✧ GL/37 ᴱ✶ı̯aksĕ > yakse [jaksē] > [jakse] ✧ GL/37
am(u)-
prefix. up(wards)
Variations
- am(u) ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth
- am- ✧ PE16/075; QL/030
- amu- ✧ QL/030
Derivations
- ᴱ√AM(U) “up(wards)” ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth; QL/030
Cognates
- G. am “up, upwards, towards head of, above” ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth
Element in
- Eq. Ambalar “the East” ✧ PE16/075
- Eq. ankasse(a) “lofty, tall, (lit.) up-headed, high-headed” ✧ QL/030
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AM(U) > am- [am-] ✧ QL/030
ambos
noun. breast
Derivations
- ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ ✧ PE13/137; PE13/159
Cognates
Element in
- ᴺQ. russambos “robin”
- Eq. unlunke naiqe yu vaile·na ar elle ha men ambostuva “*he pulled his sword from the sheath and drove it into the breast” ✧ PE16/146
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ > ambos [ambodt] > [amboðt] > [ambozt] > [ambost] > [ambos] ✧ PE13/137 ᴱ✶a-mbos-t > ambos [ambost] > [ambos] ✧ PE13/159 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source ambost- stem - ✧ PE13/137; PE13/159 ambostuva adjectival - ✧ PE16/146
angayasse
noun. misery
Variations
- angayassë ✧ LT1A/Angaino
- Angayasse ✧ PME/034
Derivations
- ᴱ√ŊAHYA “hurt, grieve” ✧ QL/034; QL/065; QL/081
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√NAẎA > angayasse [aŋaðʲassē] > [aŋaðʲasse] > [aŋajasse] > [aŋgajasse] ✧ QL/034 ᴱ√ŊAH͡YA > angayasse [aŋaθʲassē] > [aŋaθʲasse] > [aŋaðʲasse] > [aŋajasse] > [aŋgajasse] ✧ QL/065 ᴱ√NAẎA > angayasse [aŋaðʲassē] > [aŋaðʲasse] > [aŋajasse] > [aŋgajasse] ✧ QL/081
anúva
adjective. doughty
A word appearing as ᴱQ. anūva “doughty” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. anu “a male” (QL/31).
Neo-Quenya: For purpose of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. hanúva “doughty, manly”, basing it instead on later ᴹQ. hanu* “male” (Ety/ƷAN).
Variations
- anūva ✧ QL/031
Element in
- Eq. anúvie “manhood, doughtyness” ✧ QL/031
ausie
noun. wealth
Variations
- ausië ✧ LT2A/Ausir
Derivations
- ᴱ√AW̯A “*wealth” ✧ LT2A/Ausir; QL/033
Cognates
- G. avos “wealth, fortune, prosperity; luck” ✧ LT2A/Ausir
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AW̯A > ausie [awsiē] > [awsie] > [ausie] ✧ QL/033
pingwe
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴱ√PIẆI “*fat”
qenyarin
noun. *Elvish
Cognates
- G. Cweneglin “*Elvish (Qenya)” ✧ PE14/009
yain tavárin lilyen marden
yain tavárin lilyen marden
Variations
- yain tavárin lilyen {mardon >>} marden ✧ PE16/080
(m)ambe
noun. mother
Variations
- ambe ✧ PE16/135
- mambe ✧ PE16/135
anúvie
noun. manhood, doughtyness
A word appearing as ᴱQ. anūvie “manhood, doughtyness” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an abstract noun form of ᴱQ. anūva “doughty” (QL/31).
Neo-Quenya: For purpose of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. hanúvië, basing it instead on later ᴹQ. hanu “male” (Ety/ƷAN).
Variations
- anūvie ✧ QL/031
qalume
adjective. heaving
An adjective for “heaving” in Oilima Markirya poem of 1931 (MC/213). Its etymology is unclear (qal- was usually associated with “death”), and in later versions of the poem was replaced by Q. amortala (MC/222).
Variations
- qalume ✧ MC/214
Element in
- Eq. vea qalume “the sea heaving” ✧ MC/214
tirípti
?. [unglossed]
Element in
- Eq. tirípti lirilla ✧ LT1/047
turwen
noun. princess
Variations
- turanwen ✧ PME/096; QL/096
- turinqilis ✧ QL/096 (
turinqilis)- turille ✧ QL/096
- urwen ✧ QL/096 (
urwen)- turilli ✧ QL/096 (
turilli)Changes
urwen→ turwen ✧ QL/096turilli→ turille ✧ QL/096
upaitya-
verb. [unglossed]
Variations
- upaitya ✧ QL/034
amu
adverb. up(wards)
Derivations
- ᴱ√AM(U) “up(wards)” ✧ QL/030
Cognates
- G. am “up, upwards, towards head of, above”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AM(U) > amu [amū] > [amu] ✧ QL/030
anaukante
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- anaükante ✧ PE12/027
anwe
?. [unglossed]
Element in
- Eq. anwe or aiqale elta súrut lunte aiwendon lossiattea “*went on the heights driven by the wind a ship like a bird with a blossom-white neck” ✧ PE16/147
eant
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- éant ✧ PE12/027
ematte
?. [unglossed]
Element in
- Eq. v’ematte sinqi Eldamar “*that they call to mind the gems of Elven-home” ✧ VT40/08
ka
?. [unglossed]
Element in
- Eq. en ilta n·ner ya me·qetsime ka húyo ne hwa·telpe ie-rautanéma ompa va húyo “thereupon in came the man {from whom we heard >>} by whom we were told his money had all been stolen from him” ✧ PE14/054
las
noun. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴱ√LAQA “catch” ✧ QL/051
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√LAQA > las [lakʷsǝ] > [lakʷs] > [laks] > [las] ✧ QL/051 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source laks- stem - ✧ QL/051
saile
noun. [unglossed]
Cognates
- G. thail “[unglossed]” ✧ GL/72
usult
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴱ√SULU “*support” ✧ QL/087
yu
?. [unglossed]
Element in
- Eq. unlunke naiqe yu vaile·na ar elle ha men ambostuva “*he pulled his sword from the sheath and drove it into the breast” ✧ PE16/146
-ma
suffix. passive participle
Variations
- -ma ✧ PE14/056
akka
adverb. too
Variations
- akka- ✧ GL/17
Derivations
- ᴱ√AKA “*intensive, excessive” ✧ GL/17
Cognates
- G. ach “too, *excessively” ✧ GL/17; PE13/108
Element in
- ᴺQ. accamátala “over-eating”
- ᴺQ. accamatië “over-eating”
- ᴺQ. accasúcala “over-drinking”
- ᴺQ. accasucië “over-drinking”
ala
noun. wing
Derivations
- ᴱ√ALA “spread‽”
Element in
- Eq. talainen tinwelindon “with wings like stars” ✧ PE16/062; PE16/072
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source alainen instrumental plural “upon wings” ✧ PE16/062 äläinen instrumental plural - ✧ PE16/072 -álainen instrumental plural - ✧ PE16/076
ama
noun. mother
Derivations
- ᴱ√AMA “*mother” ✧ QL/030
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AMA > ama [amā] > [ama] ✧ QL/030
at-
prefix. bi-, twi-
Variations
- atta ✧ GL/17
- att- ✧ QL/033
- atta- ✧ QL/033
Derivations
- ᴱ√ATA “dual” ✧ QL/033
Cognates
- G. a(d) “into” ✧ GL/17
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ATA > att- [att-] ✧ QL/033
auro
noun. sun
A noun appearing in Early Noldorin Word-lists as {ūru >>} auro, cognate of ᴱN. úr “sun”, and derived from {✶ourǝ >>} ✶ourū̆ (PE13/155). Elsewhere Q. Úr(in) was a name for the Sun from the 1910s up through the 1950s, but Tolkien eventually changed this to Vása (MR/198).
Variations
- ūru ✧ PE13/155 (
ūru)Changes
ūru→ auro ✧ PE13/155Derivations
- ᴱ✶ourū̆ “sun” ✧ PE13/155
Cognates
- En. úr “sun” ✧ PE13/155
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶ourū̆ > auro [ouru] > [ouro] > [auro] ✧ PE13/155
ildi
collective name. men
Derivations
- ᴱ√
ḶÐḶ✧ QL/042
ion
noun. son
In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. Ion was the “mystic name of God, 2nd Person of Blessed Trinity”, that is the “Son” in the “Father, Son, Holy Ghost” trinity (QL/43). In that document yon or yond- was given in a couple of places as (archaic?) words for “son” (QL/43, 106). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien gave ion as the equivalent of ᴱN. gó “son”, along with a plural form yondi (PE13/113). However, in the English-Qenya Dictionary Tolkien said yondi was an irregular plural form of ᴱQ. yondo “son” (PE15/77), and this is the form he typically used in later writings.
Derivations
- ᴱ√YO(NO) ✧ PE13/144
Cognates
- En. gó “son” ✧ PE13/144
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source yondi plural - ✧ PE13/144
markirya
noun. ark
Variations
- Markirya ✧ MC/213
Elements
Word Gloss mar “house, home, dwelling (of men); -land, the Earth” kirya “ship, boat”
alas
noun. marble
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. alas (alast-) “marble” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from primitive ᴱ✶ʒalast- (QL/30).
Neo-Quenya: I think this word may be salvageable in Neo-Quenya as ᴺQ. alas, reconceived as a derivative of ᴹ√GALAS “joy, be glad”, perhaps from ᴺ✶galast- originally with the sense “thing pleasant to touch”.
Derivations
- ᴱ✶ʒalast- “*marble” ✧ QL/030
Cognates
- G. glast “marble”
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶ʒalast- > alas [ɣalastǝ] > [ɣalast] > [ɣalas] > [alas] ✧ QL/030 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source alast- stem “marble” ✧ PME/030; QL/030
amba
adverb. up
Cognates
- En. am “up” ✧ PE13/137; PE13/159
Element in
- Eq. ambapenda “uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome” ✧ PE13/159
- Eq. oilim’ ambar ien oilin “it was the morning” ✧ PE16/062
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source amba- prefix - ✧ PE13/159 ambar dative “morning” ✧ PE16/062
ambi
noun. mother
Variations
- ammi ✧ PME/030
- amaimi ✧ PME/030; QL/030
- âmi ✧ QL/030
Derivations
- ᴱ√AMA “*mother” ✧ QL/030
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AMA > âmi [āmī] > [āmi] ✧ QL/030
ambo
noun. hill
Cognates
- En. amon “hill” ✧ PE13/137; PE13/159
amis
noun. mother
Derivations
- ᴱ√AMA “*mother” ✧ QL/030
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AMA > amis [amits] > [amis] ✧ QL/030 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source amits- stem - ✧ PME/030; QL/030
anar
noun. giver
Derivations
- ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” ✧ QL/031
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ANA > anar [anard] > [anar] ✧ QL/031 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source anard- stem - ✧ QL/031
anto
noun. jaw
Derivations
- ᴱ√MATA “eat” ✧ QL/031
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√MATA > anto [ṃtu] > [ṇtu] > [ṇto] > [anto] ✧ QL/031 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source antŭ- stem - ✧ QL/031
atar
noun. father
Variations
- attar ✧ PE15/72 (attar)
- Atar ✧ QL/033
Derivations
- ᴱ√ATA
Cognates
- G. ador “father”
Element in
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source atarqi dual “parents” ✧ PE14/077; PE15/72; PE15/76 †attahi plural - ✧ PE15/72 †attahwi dual - ✧ PE15/72
ausi-
prefix. well
Derivations
- ᴱ√AW̯A “*wealth” ✧ QL/033
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AW̯A > ausi- [awsi-] > [ausi-] ✧ QL/033
pondo
noun. gate
Derivations
- ᴱ√BOÐO “*gate, door” ✧ QL/075
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√BOÐO > pondo [bonðō] > [bonðo] > [bondo] > [pondo] ✧ QL/075
ai
interjection. o!, ha!
@@@ appears as ail in later printings vs. early printing ai!
Variations
- Ai ✧ VT40/08; VT40/08
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034
Cognates
- G. ai “oh!”
Element in
- Eq. ai lindórea Lasselanta “*oh with singing at dawn Fall” ✧ VT40/08
- Eq. ai lintuilind(ov)a Lasselanta “*oh Fall with its many swallows” ✧ VT40/08
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AY̯A > ai [aja] > [ajǝ] > [aj] > [ai] ✧ QL/034
aldar
collective name. Aldar
Name for the people of Galdor in an early name list (PE13/104). It seems to be simply the plural of alda “tree”.
Cognates
- G. Thlim Galdon “*Folk of the Tree” ✧ PE13/104
Elements
Word Gloss alda “tree, branch”
anqin
noun. bunch
Derivations
- ᴱ√AQA “*seize” ✧ QL/031
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AQA > anqin [aŋkwin] ✧ QL/031
maqar
noun. jaw
Derivations
- ᴱ√MATA “eat” ✧ QL/059
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√MATA > maqar [matkʷar] > [makʷkʷar] > [makʷar] ✧ QL/059 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source maqar- stem - ✧ QL/060
apaire
noun. victory, conquest, reduction
Derivations
- ᴱ√PAẎA “requite, punish, take vengeance on, conquer, subdue” ✧ QL/034
Cognates
- G. abair “victory” ✧ GL/17
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√paẏa > apaire [apaðʲrē] > [apaðʲre] > [apajre] > [apaire] ✧ QL/034
avesta
noun. summer
Variations
- avesta ✧ PE13/137; PE13/160
Derivations
- ᴱ✶awestá ✧ PE13/137; PE13/160
Cognates
- En. awest “summer” ✧ PE13/137; PE13/160
Element in
- Eq. Andonavestan “Gates of Summer”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ✶awestá > avesta [awéstā] > [awésta] > [auésta] > [awésta] > [avésta] ✧ PE13/137 ᴱ✶awestá > avesta [awéstā] > [awésta] > [auésta] > [awésta] > [avésta] ✧ PE13/160
kolume
noun. body
Element in
- Eq. rantali n·kolumen “parts of the body” ✧ PE14/117
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source kolumen genitive “of ... body” ✧ PE14/117
poldórea
masculine name. Poldórea
Variations
- Poldórëa ✧ LT1/079; LT1A/Poldórëa; LT1I/Poldórëa
- Poldōrea ✧ PE14/012; QL/095
Changes
- Poldórëa → Astaldo ✧ LT1/080
Cognates
- G. Polodweg “Tulcus” ✧ GL/18; LT1A/Poldórëa; PE14/012
Elements
Word Gloss poldórea “muscular, powerful”
valinórea
proper name. *Valinorean
Element in
- Eq. fúmelot valinoriva “(large) poppy” ✧ QL/044
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source valinōrea adjectival - ✧ QL/044
a
pronoun. it
Element in
- Eq. a kálie kulundon “it shone like gold” ✧ PE14/046
an
noun. gift
Variations
- āno ✧ GL/62
Derivations
- ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” ✧ QL/031
Cognates
- G. ôn “gift” ✧ GL/62
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ANA > an [and] > [an] ✧ QL/031 Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source and- stem - ✧ QL/031
ar
noun. child
Variations
- arne ✧ PE13/160
- ar ✧ PE16/135; QL/032
Cognates
- En. arn “child, child, [G.] son” ✧ PE13/160
Element in
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source arn- stem - ✧ PE16/135; PME/032; QL/032
as
noun. bone
Cognates
- G. asg “bone; stone of fruit”
Element in
- Eq. aswa “of bone” ✧ QL/033
- Eq. píke assari silde “blinking on bones gleaming” ✧ MC/214
- Eq. assea “bony” ✧ QL/033
Inflections
Word Form Gloss Source assari locative plural “on bones” ✧ MC/214 ass- stem - ✧ QL/033
mi
preposition. *in
Derivations
- ᴱ√IMI “in, into”
Element in
- Eq. Uole·mi·Kūme “Moon King” ✧ QL/048
na
preposition. for
Element in
- Eq.
na voru“for always” ✧ PE15/69 (na voru)
vanga
noun. staff
Variations
- vanga ✧ GL/21
Cognates
- G. bang “staff” ✧ GL/21
vaqi(e)
noun. victory
Variations
- vaqi ✧ QL/100
- vaqie ✧ QL/100
au
preposition. away from
Derivations
- ᴱ√AVA “go away, depart, leave” ✧ QL/033
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AVA > au [aβ] > [au] ✧ QL/033
(a)kainu-
verb. to wed
A verb for “to wed” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants kainu- and akainu- under the early root ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell”, so perhaps originally meaning “*to come to lie together”, but Tolkien marked the entire entry with a “?” (QL/46).
Variations
- kainu- ✧ QL/046 (kainu-)
- akainu- ✧ QL/046 (akainu-)
Derivations
- ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” ✧ QL/046
Element in
- Eq. (a)kainusta “wedding, marriage” ✧ QL/046
macilquilta
noun. swordbelt
Elements
Word Gloss macil “sword, forged sword blade, cutting sword, sword, forged sword blade, cutting sword, [ᴱQ.] broadsword” quilta “belt, girdle”
@@@ compare vasta