With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
Sindarin
an
to
an
preposition. to, towards, for
angerthas
noun. angerthas
angol
angol
andrann
noun. cycle, age (100 Valian Years)
Helge Fauskanger noted that the element and "long" would normally be preserved before r-, but the -d is lost because there is another d in the word (VT/41:9); however, this second d later disappeared in the change from -nd to -nn, and it is unclear whether or not an- would then revert to and-
ann-thennath
noun. a verse mode, lit. "long-shorts" (alternance of long and short vowels, or rather alternance of long and short verse units, possibly of masculine and feminine rhymes)
The word is not translated by Tolkien. Refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 115 for a discussion of its probable meaning
annúnaid
noun. the "Westron" language (one of the names for Common Speech)
Anor
noun. Sun
_n. Astron._Sun. Q. anār/anăr. >> Ithil
anu
adjective. male
A literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective
Angband
noun. iron hell, prison
ang (“iron”) + (m-)band (“prison”) From angmbandâ, gmb produces gb.
anann
adverb. long
adv. long. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.
and
adjective. long
adj. long. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'. >> ann
anfangrim
noun. long bearded dwarves
and (“long”) + fang (“beard”) + rim (collective plural suffix)
angerthas
noun. long rune-rows
and (“long”) + certhas (“rune rows”) > certh (“a rune”) + as (#abstract colletive suffix)
angwedh
noun. chain
ang (“iron”) + gwedh (“bond”)
ann
adjective. long
adj. long. Rare except in old names (e.g. Anduin). >> and
and
adjective. long
ann
noun. gift
ang
noun. iron
angren
adjective. of iron
anwar
noun. awe
andaith
noun. long-mark
anglenna-
verb. to approach
Anor
noun. sun
anann
adverb. long, for a long time
and
adjective. long
andaith
noun. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened.
aned
give
anfangrim
noun. the Longbeards (a tribe of Dwarves)
ang
noun. iron
angerthas
noun. runic alphabet, long rune-rows (extended version of the Certhas)
anglennatha
verb. (he) will approach
angren
adjective. of iron
anim
pronoun. for myself
ann
adjective. long
ann
noun. gift
n. gift.
anno
verb. give!
annon
noun. great door or gate
annui
adjective. western
annûn
noun. west, sunset
anw
noun. gift
anw
noun. gift
anwar
noun. awe
aníra-
verb. to desire
lavan
noun. animal
A word for an “animal” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, where Tolkien said it “usually only applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds” (WJ/416). It was derived from the root √LAM in the sense “inarticulate voiced sound”.
Conceptual Development: ᴱN. lafn was mentioned as a cognate to ᴱQ. lama “animal” in the Early Qenya Phonology from the 1920s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶labna (PE14/70).
faran
noun. any growing thing or plant
_ n. _any growing thing or plant. Q. farne/pharne. >> farn-
dangweth
noun. answer, reply giving new information
lavan
noun. animal (usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds)
adaneth
noun. (mortal) woman
han
that
pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.
san
pronoun. that
athan
preposition. beyond
balan
noun. Vala, divine power, divinity
calan
noun. day, period of actual daylight
Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second.
círbann
noun. haven
galan
elm
pl1. gelain _ n. Bot. _elm. . This gloss was rejected.
glandagol
noun. boundary mark
lanc
noun. throat
oranor
noun. second day of the week, day of the Sun
an
for
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for
(adverbial prefix) an-
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
an
to the, for the
(for) + i (the).
an
for
(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for the
(for) + i (the).
Angband
Angband
annabon
elephant
annabon (lit. "long-snouted"), pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath.
annabon
elephant
(lit. "long-snouted"), pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath.
an-
very
(as adverbial prefix) an-, as in:
andaith
long mark
(no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand.
ant
gift
ant, pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
ant
gift
pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
aníra
desire
(vb.) aníra- (i aníra, in anírar);
aníra
desire
(i aníra, in anírar);
Angband
Iron Prison, Hell of Iron
angren
of iron
Anor
sun
1) Anor (pl. Anoer if there is a pl.) Archaic Anaur (SD:306). 2) naur (mainly in compounds as nar-, -nor) (flame, fire), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath.
anann
long
(adverb, = "for a long time") anann
anc
row of teeth
anc (jaw), pl. ainc, coll. pl. angath.
anc
row of teeth
anc (jaw), pl. ainc, coll. pl. angath. GNASHING OF TEETH (in grief) naeth (biting, woe); no distinct pl. form.
anc
jaw
anc (row of teeth), pl. ainc, coll. pl. angath.
anc
jaw
(row of teeth), pl. ainc, coll. pl. angath.
anc
row of teeth
(jaw), pl. ainc, coll. pl. angath.
and
long
(adjective) and (pl. aind),
and
gate
!and (door), pl. aind, coll. pl. annath. Note that and is more commonly the adj. "long".
and
gate
(door), pl. aind, coll. pl. annath. Note that and is more commonly the adj. "long".
andrann
age
andrann (cycle), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.
andrann
age
(cycle), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.
andrann
cycle
andrann (age), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.
andrann
cycle
(age), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand. ****
anfang
longbeard
pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)
ang
iron
ang; adj.
angerthas
long rune-row
(and + certhas).
angerthas
long rune-row
(and + certhas).
anglenna
approach
(vb.) anglenna- (i anglenna, in anglennar) (SD:128-31)
anglenna
approach
(i anglenna, in anglennar) (SD:128-31)
angol
stench
(pl. engyl). Note: a homophone of the latter means "magic, deep lore".
angol
deep lore
angol (magic), pl. engyl. Note: a homophone means "stench".
angol
magic
(deep lore), pl. engyl. Note: a homophone means "stench".
angol
deep lore
(magic), pl. engyl. Note: a homophone means "stench".
angos
horror
1) angos (pl. engys) (VT45:15), 2) dêl (i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, loathing), pl. dîl (i nîl), 3) delos (i dhelos) (fear, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys). 4) girith (i **irith) (shuddering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngirith = i ñirith), 5) gôr (i ngôr = i ñôr, o n**gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, dread), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations. 6) gorog (i ngorog = i ñorog, o n**gorog = o ñgorog), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryg. 7) goroth (i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n**goroth = o ñgoroth) (dread), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryth. 8) gorth (i ngorth = i ñorth, o n**gorth = o ñgorth) (dread), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). _(WJ:415) _Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”, 9) goss (i **oss, construct gos) (dread), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).
angren
of iron
angren (pl. engrin);
angwedh
chain
angwedh ("iron bond", ang + gwêdh), pl. engwidh
angwedh
chain
("iron bond", ang + gwêdh), pl. engwidh
anna
give
anna- (i anna, in annar), pa.t. ?aun (with endings one-)
anna
give
(i anna, in annar), pa.t. ?aun (with endings one-)
annabon
long-snouted one
pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath. (Archaic form andabon.)
annon
great gate
annon (door), pl. ennyn
annui
western
annui. No distinct pl. form.
annûn
west
1) annûn; 2) Dúven (na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction. WEST-ELF (Elf of Beleriand, including Noldor and Sindar) Dúnedhel (i Núnedhel), pl. Dúnedhil (i Ndúnedhil). (WJ:378, 386)
annûn
sunset
annûn (west), pl. ennŷn
anu
male
(adj.) *anu, analogical pl. eny. (Archaic anw, pl. ?einw)
anu
male
analogical pl. eny. (Archaic anw, pl. ?einw)
anwar
awe
anwar (pl. enwair if there is a pl.)
an-
very
as in:
anann
for a long time
.
anann
long
and
long
(pl. aind)
andrath
high pass
(literally "long climb"), pl. endraith.
andrath
long climb
(high pass), pl. endraith,
ang
iron
; adj.
angos
horror
(pl. engys) (VT45:15)
angren
of iron
(pl. engrin);
angwedh
iron-bond
(pl. engwidh)
annas
5{#iD noun. length
Theoretical Sindarin; based on the attested formations thinnas (– adj. thent).
annon
great gate
(door), pl. *ennyn***
annui
western
. No distinct pl. form.
annûn
west
annûn
sunset
(west), pl. ennŷn
anwar
awe
(pl. enwair if there is a pl.)
Teler
noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri
glamog
noun. an Orc, "a yelling one"
miniel
noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar
a
and
a
and
conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.
a
conjunction. and
conj. and. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. Q. ar
ad
conjunction. and
ada
conjunction. and
ah
preposition/conjunction. and, with
The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a.1 , ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT/43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)
aphred
answer
_ n. _answer. Q. aquet. . This gloss was rejected.
dambeth
noun. answer, response
In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of dangweth , with a slightly different meaning. However, it may possibly be assumed that the word is valid per se (although it may be argued that this compound word does not show the regular mutation that one would have expected)
farn-
noun. any growing thing or plant
_ n. _any growing thing or plant. Q. farne/pharne. >> faran
naith
angle
_ n. _angle. Q. nehte. >> neith
neith
angle
_ n. _angle. Q. nehte. >> naith
Ídh
and
{ð}_ conj. _and. It was not mutated before vowels. >> a
Ídh
and
Ídh
and
{ð} conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.
dangweth
answer
(noun) 1) dangweth (i nangweth, o ndangweth) (reply giving new information), pl. dengwith (i ndengwith) (PM:395), 2) dambeth (i nambeth, o ndambeth) (response), pl. dembith (i ndembith)
dangweth
answer
(i nangweth, o ndangweth) (reply giving new information), pl. dengwith (i ndengwith) (PM:395)
lavan
animal
(quadrupedal mammal) lavan, pl. levain (WJ:416)
lavan
animal
pl. levain (WJ:416)
gwanur
kinsman
(i ’wanur) (brother), pl. gwenyr (in gwenyr). Note: a homophone of the sg. means ”pair of twins”.
a
conjunction. and
See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel
adh
conjunction. and
ah
conjunction. and
ar
conjunction. and
See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel
ar
conjunction. and, and, [G.] too, besides
glam
noun. any body of Orcs
glamb
noun. any body of Orcs
glamm
noun. any body of Orcs
adaneth
mortal woman
(pl. edenith), also firieth (pl. firith).
iaur
adjective. ancient, old, original
lorn
noun. anchorage, harbour
naith
noun. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, triangle gore, wedge, narrow promontory
band
custody
band (i mand, o mband; construct ban) (prison, safekeeping, duress, doom, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath.
band
custody
(i mand, o mband; construct ban) (prison, safekeeping, duress, doom, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath.
band
prison
1) band (i mand, o mband; construct ban) (custody, safekeeping, duress, doom, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath; 2) gador (i **ador) (dungeon), analogical pl. gedyr (i ngedyr = i ñedyr). Archaic gadr**.
band
prison
(i mand, o mband; construct ban) (custody, safekeeping, duress, doom, hell), pl. baind (i mbaind), coll. pl. bannath
brand
lofty
(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind
brand
tall
(lofty, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind.
calan
daytime
(i galan, o chalan), pl. celain (i chelain)
cirbann
noun. haven
@@@ círbann in HSD
círbann
haven
círbann (i gírbann, o chírbann, construct círban), pl. círbain (i chírbain).
círbann
haven
(i gírbann, o chírbann, construct círban), pl. círbain (i chírbain).
iphant
full of years
(aged, long-lived), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.
lanc
throat
lanc (neck), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.
lanc
throat
(neck), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.
manadh
fortune
(usually = final bliss) manadh (i vanadh) (doom, final end, fate), pl. menaidh (i menaidh). Cf. .
manadh
fortune
(i vanadh) (doom, final end, fate), pl. menaidh (i menaidh). Cf.
nand
valley
1) nand (construct nan) (wide grassland, land at the foot of hills with many streams), pl. naind, coll. pl. nannath (VT45:36), 2) lâd (lowland, plain), construct lad, pl. laid, 3) (long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise) imrath (pl. imraith).
nand
valley
(construct nan) (wide grassland, land at the foot of hills with many streams), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36)
naneth
mother
naneth (pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)
naneth
mother
(pl. nenith). Hypocoristic form (”mom”) nana, pl. nenai (but this word is probably rarely pluralized). In a higher style also †emil. No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. emillath. Variant form emel (pl. emil), also spelt emmel (pl. emmil). (VT48:17)
pant
complete
pant (lenited bant; pl. paint) (full, whole); COMPLETELY, see
pant
complete
(lenited bant; pl. paint) (full, whole);
nanc
noun. bite
nanwen
adjective. true
rand
noun. cycle
aran
king of a region
(pl. erain)
thîr
noun. face, face, [N.] look, expression, countenance
A word appearing as an element in the name Caranthir “Red-face”, derived from primitive ✶stīrē (VT41/10), which was likely tied to the root √TIR “watch”.
Conceptual Development: The same noun N. thîr appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the glosses “look, face, expression, countenance”, but there it was derived from the root ᴹ√THĒ “look (see or seem)” (Ety/THĒ). Earlier “face” words include G. gwint from the 1910s (GL/46) and ᴱN. ant from the 1920s with more elaborate form ᴱN. annas (PE13/137, 160).
ion
noun. scion, male descendant
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
iond
noun. scion, male descendant
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
linnod
noun. (?) a chant of a certain metrical type, where each (half-)verse is composed of seven syllables
The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod ). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
iaur
adjective. old, old; [N.] ancient, olden
arwen
noun. noble woman
bar
noun. inhabited land
bess
noun. (young) woman
duin
noun. (long and large) river (having strong current)
dúnedhel
noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)
emig
noun. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
erchamion
adjective. one-handed
erchammon
noun. one-handed man
erchammui
adjective. one-handed
erchamon
noun. one-handed man
falathren
noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)
glam
noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts
glamb
noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts
glamm
noun. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts
graug
noun. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon
gwaith
noun. manhood
gwaith
noun. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people
gûl
noun. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy
ithildin
noun. a silver-colored substance, which mirrors only starlight and moonlight
lîr
noun. row, range
nen
noun. waterland
oraearon
noun. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day
orgaladh
noun. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree
This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar
raug
noun. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon
rochirrim
noun. horse-lords, the people of Rohan
tad-dal
noun/adjective. biped, two-legged animal
tawarwaith
noun. Silvan elves
tol
noun. island, (steep) isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river
urug
noun. "bogey", anything that caused fear to the Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature
alaf
noun. elm
The Sindarin word for “elm” appearing in notes from 1959, derived from the root √ALAB of similar meaning (PE17/153).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien used similar “elm” words for much of his life. The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. lalm or larm “an elm, elm-wood” along with a more elaborate form G. {lalmin >>} lalmir “an elm tree” (GL/52). These were clearly cognates to ᴱQ. alalme “elm (tree)” under the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s had an unrelated form ᴱN. {aulin >>} ólin “elm” (PE13/151). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien reverted to N. lalf or N. lalven “elm-tree” under the root ᴹ√ÁLAM of the same meaning (Ety/ÁLAM). This root had a variant ᴹ√LÁLAM, under which Tolkien had N. lhalwen or lhalorn “elm-tree” (Ety/LÁLAM).
Neo-Sindarin: In theory the 1930s “elm” words might be used with some adaptations like ᴺS. lalorn for N. lhalorn, but I’d simply stick to the 1959 “elm” word alaf for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
emel
noun. mother
A word for “mother” in notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s, along with a diminutive form emelig (VT48/17 note #13). These forms were struck through and replaced by emig as the proper diminutive form from the root √EM (VT48/6), but that doesn’t necessarily invalidate emel = “mother”, which appeared elsewhere as (probably primitive) emel, emer in rough versions of these notes (VT48/19 note #16). These Sindarin forms are unusual in that the medial m did not become v, which means the primitive form was likely based on ✱emm- as suggested by Patrick Wynne (VT48/17 note #14).
Conceptual Development: G. amil “mother” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s along with rejected forms {anwin, amril} and an archaic variant †amaith (GL/19). The forms {emaith >>} amaith appeared unglossed in Gnomish Lexicon Slips revising that document (PE13/109). In The Etymologies of the 1930s there was a form N. †emil for “mother” under the root ᴹ√AM of the same meaning, but Tolkien said this word was archaic, apparently replaced by N. naneth (Ety/AM¹; EtyAC/AM¹). With N. emil, the a became e via i-affection, but the medial m failing to become v requires an explanation similar to that of 1960s S. emel.
Neo-Sindarin: I generally prefer derivatives of the earlier root √AM for “mother” words in Quenya, but in the case of Sindarin, I find emel and emig from √EM to be better and more widely accepted.
im
noun. valley, valley; [N.] dell, deep vale
An archaic element meaning “valley” that survived only in compounds, a derivation of ✶imbi “between” (VT47/14). The basic sense “valley” was transferred to its more elaborate form imlad as in Imladris “Rivendell”, and †im “valley” fell out of use due to its conflicted with other words like the reflexive pronoun im.
Conceptual Development: N. imm “dell, deep vale” was mentioned in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√IMBE, alongside its elaboration N. imlad of the same meaning (Ety/IMBE).
lheweg
noun. ear
The Sindarin word for “ear” was derived from primitive √S-LAS, an elaboration of √LAS “listen” (PE17/62). Its singular form lheweg is somewhat unusual. Based on its Quenya cognate Q. hlas (< ✶slas), its historical singular should probably be ✱lhâ. However, it seems the modern Sindarin form was actually based on the (fossilized) dual lhaw < ✶slasū, from which a singular form lheweg “ear” was derived using the singular suffix -eg, though it isn’t clear why the base vowel also changed from a to e.
Conceptual Development: Tolkien described a similar scenario in The Etymologies of the 1930s, except the singular was N. {lhaweg >>} lhewig and it was derived directly from ᴹ√LAS “listen” (Ety/LAS²; EtyAC/LAS²). The voiceless lh- in this word was the result of the Noldorin sound-change of the 1930s whereby ancient initial r-, l- were unvoiced. This Noldorin dual lhaw made it into Lord of the Rings drafts as part of Amon Lhaw “Hill of Hearing, (lit.) of Ears” (TI/364), a form that Tolkien retained in the published version (LotR/393). Since the unvoicing of initial l was no longer a feature of Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, Tolkien needed to contrive a new derivation from primitive √S-LAS.
The Gnomish word for “ear” from the 1910s had a completely different basis: it was G. unc “ear, handle (of a jar)” (GL/75), cognate to ᴱQ. unk derived from the root ᴱ√ṆQṆ (QL/98).
avo
verb. don't!
Used as a negative adverb before an imperative: avo garo "don't do it!". Sometimes used as prefix: avgaro
edhel
Elf
pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel
ion
noun. son
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
iond
noun. son
For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
nín
adjective. my
The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was however noted that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44
ónen
noun. I gave
Written onen in some editions of LotR. In the Qenyaqetsa, Qenya anta- is marked as having an irregular past tense áne. Assuming the same sound-shifts as observed in other words, this would indeed lead to onen in Sindarin, see PE/12:31 and TT/14:48-49
a
and
a, or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.
a
and
or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.
rúthui
7~M3hJ adjective. angry, wrathful
Combination of ‘rûth’ (anger) and -ui (-full/having that quality)
rû²
adverb. soon, anon
bennas
angle
1) bennas (i vennas), pl. bennais (i mennais), coll. pl. bennassath, 2) nass (sharp end, point, corner), construct nas, pl. nais
bennas
angle
(i vennas), pl. bennais (i mennais), coll. pl. bennassath
dambeth
answer
(i nambeth, o ndambeth) (response), pl. dembith (i ndembith)
edinor
anniversary day
(pl. edinoer). Archaic edinaur. In ”Noldorin”, the word appeared as edinar.
iaur
ancient
iaur (in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer
iaur
ancient
(in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer
nass
angle
(sharp end, point, corner), construct nas, pl. nais
bess
woman
bess (i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
bess
woman
(i vess, construct bes) (wife), pl. biss (i miss). The word etymologically means ”wife”, but the meaning was generalized.
gwaith
manhood
gwaith (i **waith) (manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**)
gwaith
manhood
(i ’waith) (manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith)
naeg
pain
(noun) naeg (no distinct pl. form)
naeg
pain
(no distinct pl. form)
naegra
pain
(verb) *naegra- (i naegra, in naegrar). Suggested Sindarin form of a word that actually appears with e instead of ae in the source (LR:375 s.v. NÁYAK), but cf. the noun naeg ”pain”.
naegra
pain
(i naegra, in naegrar). – Suggested Sindarin form of a word that actually appears with e instead of ae in the source (LR:375 s.v. NÁYAK), but cf. the noun naeg ”pain”.
dess
young woman
(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss).
graug
powerful, hostile and terrible creature
(i ’raug), pl. groeg (in groeg), coll. pl. grogath (WJ:415)
toll
island
toll (i doll, o tholl, construct tol), pl. tyll (i thyll)
toll
island
(i doll, o tholl, construct tol), pl. tyll (i thyll)
fen(n)
noun. door, door; [N.] threshold
A word for “door” in the name Fen Hollen “Closed Door” (LotR/826; RC/550). In notes from December 1959 (D59), Tolkien based it on the root √PHEN and gave its Quenya equivalent as fenna, indicating a primitive form of ✱phennā (PE17/181). If so, its ordinary form should be fenn, and this was indeed the form in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (WR/341). Perhaps fen is a reduced pseudo-prefixal form.
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had N. fenn “threshold” derived from ON. phenda under the root ᴹ√PHEN (Ety/PHEN).
Neo-Sindarin: I don’t think the senses “door” and “threshold” are likely to coexist, so for purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would limit fenn to “door” and would use ᴺS. fend < ✱phenda for “threshold”, following the principle that nd remained “at the end of fully accented monosyllables” in Sindarin (LotR/1115).
hên
noun. child
A word for “child” derived from the root √KHIN, more specifically from ✶khinā with short i which became e in Sindarin due to a-affection (WJ/403). It often appeared in its mutated plural form chîn in phrases like Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” (WJ/160). This is pronounced with spirantal “ch” as in German Bach, not affricate “ch” as in English “church”.
Christopher Tolkien made the editorial decision to render this plural form as Hîn in The Silmarillion as published as well as in Unfinished Tales, where it “was improperly changed by me [Christopher Tolkien] to Narn i Hîn Húrin ... because I did not want Chîn to be pronounced like Modern English chin” (LR/322). It seems Tolkien himself had similar concerns, as he sometimes rendered its Quenya cognate as sén, which would have Sindarin forms ✱sên “child” and ✱i hîn “the children”. However, Tolkien’s motive was probably a desire to retain the early (originally Adûniac) form Ad. Eruhîn “Children of God”, which in Sindarin otherwise became Eruchîn (LB/354).
ion(n)
noun. son, son, *boy
The usual word for “son” in Sindarin, derived from the root √YON of similar meaning (MR/373; SD/129; VT50/18; Ety/YŌ). Tolkien gave it as both ion and ionn.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the word for “son” was G. bo or bon (GL/23). This became ᴱN. gó “son” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/144). Tolkien introduced N. ionn “son” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√YO(N) of the same meaning (Ety/YŌ), and seems to have stuck with it thereafter.
Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Tolkien sometimes glossed its Quenya equivalents yondo or yonyo as “boy” (PE17/190; VT47/10, 27). Since we don’t have any good Sindarin words for “boy”, I’d use ionn for this purpose as well.
lebenedh
noun. middle finger
lŷg
noun. snake
The best known Sindarin word for “snake”, appearing in Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1115). In 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD), Tolkien said it was derived from the root √LEWEK “worm” (PE17/160), likely from ✱leukā where the ancient eu became ȳ as was usual in Sindarin (LotR/1115).
êl
noun. star
A Sindarin word for “star” that is largely archaic and poetic, and is mainly used as element in names like Elrond (Let/281; WJ/363; Ety/EL); the more usual word for “star” in ordinary speech was gil (RGEO/65). However, the collective form elenath is still used in common speech to refer to the entire host of stars (WJ/363). The plural of êl is elin, as this word was derived from ancient ✶elen, and the final n that was lost in the singular was preserved in the plural. In some cases Tolkien posited a restored analogical singular elen from the plural form (PE17/24, 67, 139), but this isn’t in keeping with the notion that the word was archaic, so I would ignore this for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: This word and its root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. el “star” was derived from the root ᴹ√EL of similar meaning, but was “only [used] in names” (Ety/EL). It seems Tolkien introduced the root to give a new etymology for names like N. Elrond and N. Elwing, which initially appeared under the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” (Ety/ƷEL).
sabar
noun. delved mine
The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Nornhabar, assuming that the second word is mutated in composition. Though habar as the regular form might be possible as well, in the Qenyaqetsa we find the root SAPA "dig, excavate" (PE/12:82), so it seems most likely that Tolkien re-used this old base, and that the underlying form in those names would indeed be sabar
aeg
noun. point
The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"
bain
beautiful
_ adj. _beautiful. Q. vanya.
celeb
silver
dûn
noun. west
_n. _west. Q. nū-. >> annûn
e
pronoun. he
The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King
gil
noun. star, bright spark
glân
adjective. bright, shining white
The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" (and later "clear") as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text, but see VT/45:13). Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE/11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE/13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is also long, though this is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking
iôn
masculine name. Son
linnod
noun. (?) a single verse used as a maxim
The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod ). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
negen
sharp
_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negn
negn
sharp
_ adj. _sharp, angular. Q. nerca, nexe. >> negen
noro
verb. run! ride!
Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (not a literal translation) and later translated as "run swift" in RC/195. A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"
orch
Orc
pl1. yrch, pl2. orchoth** ** n. Orc. Nand. ūriſ.
orgaladhad
noun. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees
This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar
oroth
noun. rage
tôl
verb. (he) comes
According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien
bâl
divine power
construct bal, pl. bail (divinity). Note: the word can also be used as an adj. "divine".
e
he
1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)
ho
he
hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*
na
be
: The verb ”to be” is poorly attested. Apparently the root is na-. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund *”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps *leben tail brand i annon.
na
be
. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund ✱”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps ✱leben tail brand i annon.
nín
my
nín (following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
nín
my
(following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. – In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
or
high
(adjectival pref.) or- (above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
or
high
(above, over), also ar- (noble, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain. Nouns:
ruin
red flame
(no distinct pl. form except with article: idh ruin) (blazing fire). Also used as an adj. ”fiery red, burning”. (Silm app, entry ruin; PM:366)
celeb
noun. silver
e
pronoun. he
einior
adjective. elder
i
article. the
@@@ enclytic Dagor-nuin-Giliath vs. Dagor-nui-Ngiliath
ui
adverb. ever
ad
re
also meaning "back, again, second"
ad
re-
(as prefix) ad-, also meaning "back, again, second"
aeg
sharp
1) aeg (pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn". 2) aig (no distinct pl. form). 3) laeg (keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”. 4) maeg (lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)
aeg
point
1) aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)
agor
narrow
agor (analogical pl. egyr). In archaic S agr.
agor
narrow
(analogical pl. egyr). In archaic S agr.
ar
outside
(adv. prefix) ar- (without)the literal meaning of a word translated SPY (q.v.)
ardh
region
1) ardh (realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath. 2) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413), 3) gardh (i **ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh), 4) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).
arth
lofty
1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
ast
dust
1) ast (pl. aist if there is a pl.), 2) lith (sand, ash) (Names:178)
athar
beyond
1) *athar (across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. 2) (adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, over)
athar
beyond
(across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation.
auth
war
auth (battle), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".
auth
war
(battle), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".
bâr
dwelling
bâr (house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds
bâr
dwelling
(house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds
certh
rune
certh (i gerth, o cherth), pl. cirth (i chirth). RUNE-ROW (collection of runes) certhas (i gerthas, o cherthas), pl. certhais (i cherthais). LONG RUNE-ROW (a certain system of runes) Angerthas (and + certhas).
duin
large river
(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54); compare the river-name Anduin, ”long river”.
dôr
dwelling place
(i nôr, construct dor) (land, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413).
dôr
region
(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, land), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413)
dúven
west
(na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction.
edhel
elf
edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.
edhelharn
elf-stone
(a term for beryl) edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31). SEEING STONE (palantír) *gwachaedir (i **wachaedir), no distinct pl. form except with prefixed article (in gwachaedir), coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter form assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch** (PM:186).
ethir
of a river
(estuary), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. ethiriath. Note: a homophone means "spy".
falas
shore, foaming shore
(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj.
fend
door
(threshold), construct fen, pl. find, coll. pl. fennath, 2) fennas (gateway), pl. fennais, coll. pl. fennassath, 3) annon (great gate), pl. ennyn
gador
prison
(i ’ador) (dungeon), analogical pl. gedyr (i ngedyr = i ñedyr). Archaic gadr.
gail
bright
gail (light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
gail
bright
(light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
gilwen
region of stars
(Quenya Ilmen), also Gilith. In the Etymologies, this word is derived from a root GIL (LR:358) and would then have the form ’Ilwen (’Ilwith) when lenited. But in a later source, Tolkien cited the relevant root as ÑGIL (MR:388), and the lenited form would then be Ngilwen (Ngilwith).
golu
secret lore
(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.****
gondrath
highway
(i ’ondrath) (street of stone, causeway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340). Possibly the pl. can also be gondraith, without umlaut of the first element.
gorth
horror
(i ngorth = i ñorth, o n’gorth = o ñgorth) (dread), pl. gyrth (in gyrth = i ñgyrth). (WJ:415) Note: a homophone means ”dead; dead person”
gwachae
far away
(adj.) *gwachae (remote), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir).
gwaith
region
(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).
gôr
horror
(i ngôr = i ñôr, o n’gôr = o ñgôr, construct gor) (fear, dread), pl. gŷr (in gŷr = i ñgŷr). Note: a homophone means ”vigour” but has different mutations.
gûl
magic
1) gûl (i ngûl = i ñûl, o n**gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (sorcery, necromancy, evil knowledge), pl. guil (in guil = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383), 2) angol (deep lore), pl. engyl**. Note: a homophone means "stench". DARK MAGIC, see .
gûl
magic
(i ngûl = i ñûl, o n’gûl = o ñgûl, construct gul) (sorcery, necromancy, evil knowledge), pl. guil (in guil = i ñguil) (Silm:App, MR:250, WJ:383)
hall
tall
(exalted); lenited chall; pl. hail. Note: a homophone means ”veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady”.
hên
child
hên (i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). _(WJ:403) _CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men as children of God) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)
hûb
haven
hûb (i chûb, o chûb, contruct hub) (harbor, small landlocked bay), pl. huib (i chuib)
hûb
haven
(i chûb, o chûb, contruct hub) (harbor, small landlocked bay), pl. huib (i chuib)
i
that
(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.
i
the
: Singular i (+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see THAT). Apparently ”the” sometimes appears as a suffix -n added to a preposition, e.g. be**<u>n</u>** ”according to <u>the</u>”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.
i
the
(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. – The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see
iaur
old
1) iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare ELDER, ELDEST, q.v. 2) brûn (long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also
iaur
old
(ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare
iaw
gulf
(cleft, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.
im
between
(prep.) im (within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”I” and a noun mening ”dell, deep vale”. The word mîn (min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
iâ
gulf
1) iâ (chasm, void, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383), 2) iaw (cleft, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.
iôn
son
iôn (-ion) (descendant), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #ionath_ isolated from Hurinionath (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin. (MR:373, WJ.337, PM:202-203, 218) _Also iond, pl. ynd, coll. pl. ionnath. DARK SON, see DARK ELF
iôn
son
(-ion) (descendant), pl. ŷn, coll. pl. #*ionath*** isolated from Hurinionath* (PM:202-3) as the name of the House of Húrin. (MR:373*
lach
flame
(noun) 1) lach (leaping flame), pl. laich; 2) naur (in compounds nar-, -nor) (fire, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath, 3) rill (construct ril) (brilliance, glittering reflected light), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).
lach
flame
(leaping flame), pl. laich; 2) naur (in compounds nar-, -nor) (fire, sun), pl. noer, coll. pl. norath, 3) rill (construct ril) (brilliance, glittering reflected light), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rill).
laeg
sharp
(keen, acute). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”fresh, green”.
lebenedh
middle finger
1) lebenedh (pl. lebenidh) (VT48:5), 2) tolch (i dolch, o tholch), pl. tylch (i thylch) (VT48:6-12). Also called honeg (i choneg, o choneg), pl. honig (i chonig). The word honeg means ”little brother”, but was used in childrens play for the middle finger.
lith
dust
(sand, ash) (Names:178)
lorn
haven
lorn (anchorage, harbour, quiet water), pl. lyrn (VT45:29)
lorn
haven
(anchorage, harbour, quiet water), pl. lyrn (VT45:29)
lorn
quiet water
(anchorage, haven, harbour), pl. lyrn (VT45:29).
lâd
valley
(lowland, plain), construct lad, pl. laid
megor
sharp-pointed
(lenited vegor, analogical pl. megyr); cited in archaic form megr (WJ:337)
min
cardinal. one
1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
min
one
mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.
mîn
i
(min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)
na
with
(in instrumental sense?) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
na
with
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
nass
sharp end
(point, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais** **
nass
point
(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.
nin
i
”me”, genitive nín ”my”, dative anim or enni ”to me, for me”.
nên
water
nên (lake, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn. FLOOD-WATER (or ”wash”) iôl (pl. ŷl) (RC:334, VT48:33).
nên
water
(lake, pool, stream, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn.
nîf
face
1) nîf (construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form. 2) thîr (look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)
ped
speak
ped- (i **bêd**, i phedir) (say), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.: No word simply meaning “spear” is attested, but cf. the following:
pen
cardinal. one
(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pen
one
(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pôd
foot
(of animal) pôd (i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. pŷd (i phŷd).
raud
tall
(eminent, noble), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. Also used as noun ”champion, eminent man, [a] noble”.
sabar
mine
1) (delved mine) #sabar (i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root _
sabar
mine
(i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root SAPA ”dig, excavate” (QL:82) suggests that this -habar is a lenited form of ✱sabar. If the unlenited form is actually ✱habar, read: habar (i chabar, o chabar), pl. hebair (i chebair).
taen
thin
(lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.
talath
wide valley
(i** dalath, o thalath) (flat surface, plane, flatlands, plain), pl. telaith (i** thelaith). *Tolkien changed this word from ”Noldorin” dalath, LR:353 s.v.*
taur
lofty
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
taur
tall
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
thîr
face
(look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)
thû
stench
1) thû (pl. thui), 2) angol (pl. engyl). Note: a homophone of the latter means "magic, deep lore".
tofn
deep
tofn (lenited dofn; pl. tyfn) (low, low-lying), also nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones of the latter mean ”sad” and ”race”.
tofn
deep
(lenited dofn; pl. tyfn) (low, low-lying), also nûr (pl. nuir). Note: homophones of the latter mean ”sad” and ”race”.
tâl
foot
(body-part and unit of measure) tâl (i dâl [LR:298], o thâl), also -dal in compounds; pl. tail (i thail). In LR:390 s.v.
dûn
noun. west
aeg
adjective. sharp, sharp, [N.] pointed, piercing
am
adverb. up, up, [G.] upwards, towards head of, above
certh
noun. rune
dael
noun. horror
del
noun. horror
di
preposition. with
gardh
noun. region
gorog
noun. horror
him
adverb/adjective. ever, ever, [N.] enduring, continually; steadfast, abiding
im
preposition. between
meth
adjective. last, last; [N.] end
min
cardinal. one, one, [G.] single
nín
pronoun. my
paeth
noun. speech
peth
noun. word
rhae
adjective. easy
taer
adjective. lofty, lofty, *high
têw
noun. letter
dae
adverb. very
egel
adjective. other
ened
adverb. moreover
eth
adverb/adjective. outside
mechor
noun. gore
ni
pronoun. I
nî-
verb. was
plinn
noun. arrow
rong
adverb. soon
sa
pronoun. that
taw
pronoun. that
-d
suffix. you
2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dh
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd sg. pron. suff. #you. Q. -tar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-dhir
suffix. you
{ð} 2nd pl. pron. suff. #you. Q. -ltar.See paradigm PE17:132.
-en
suffix. my
-il
point
Ara-
prefix. high, noble, royal
Lossoth
noun. the Snowmen
alaf
noun. elm
_ n. Bot. _elm. Q. albe.
ar-
prefix. high, noble, royal
ardhon
noun. great region, province
ardhon
noun. world
aur
noun. day, sunlight, morning
avon
verb. I won't
bain
adjective. beautiful, fair
bar
noun. dwelling, home
bess
noun. wife
beth
noun. word
_n. _word.
calben
noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")
calben
noun. all Elves but the Avari
carach
noun. jaw, row of teeth
celeb
noun. silver
certh
noun. rune
certhas
noun. runic alphabet, rune-rows
cuio
verb. live!
cîr
adjective. renewed
cýr
adjective. renewed
dael
noun. horror
_ n. _horror.
dagorath
noun. all the battles
de
pronoun. you
dern
hard
adj. hard, thrawn. Also used for Dwarves, esp. in pl2. dernlir. >> gorn
di
preposition. with
_ prep. _with. Q. lé.
drúwaith
noun. the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.)
dîr
adjective. hard
_ adj. _hard, difficult. dērā << dīrā. >> dír-
dûn
noun. west
edhel
noun. Elf
edhel
noun. Elf
_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen
edhel
Elf
{ð} _n. _Elf.
edhel
Elf
d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.
edhelharn
noun. elf-stone
egladhrim
noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim
eglath
noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim
einior
adjective. elder
el
star
n. star.
elen
star
pl1. elin, pl2. elenath _n._star. Its collective plural (pl2.) designates 'the (host of all the) stars, (all) the (visible) stars of the firmament'. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'. >> êl
elen
noun. star
ell
noun. elf
n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.
elleth
noun. elf-maid
ellon
noun. elf
elvellon
noun. elf-friend
emel
noun. mother
emig
noun. "litte mother"
emmel
noun. mother
ethir
noun. mouth (of a river), estuary
falathren
noun/adjective. of the shore
falathrim
noun. people of the Falas
fen
noun. door, threshold
fen
door
_ n. _door. Q. fenna. >> fennas
galadhad
noun. the Two Trees of Valinor
galadhrim
noun. Elves of Lothlórien
gardh
noun. bounded or defined region
gardh
noun. world
gil-
noun. star
giliath
noun. all the host of stars
gill
noun. star
glam
noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise
glamb
noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise
glamhoth
noun. barbaric host of Orcs
glamm
noun. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise
glinnel
noun. Elf, one of the Teleri
golodh
noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk
golodhrim
noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes
gorgor
noun. extreme horror, terror, haunting fear
gorn
hard
adj. hard, thrawn. Also used for Dwarves, esp. in pl2. gornhoth (hostile implication). >> dern
gorn
hard
gorog
noun. horror
gorth
noun. horror
gorth
noun. horror
gwain
adjective. new
gwaith
noun. region, wilderness
gódhel
noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk
gódhellim
noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk
gûl
noun. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things)
hên
noun. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics)
i
definite article. the
i
definite article. who
i
the
pl1. in _ art. _the.
iathrim
noun. Elves of Doriath
iaur
adjective. older, former
im
pronoun. I
In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").
imlad
noun. deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides (but a flat habitable bottom)
imloth
noun. flower-valley, flowery vale
This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew
imrad
noun. a path or pass (between mountains, hills or trackless forest)
imrath
noun. long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise
ionnath
noun. all the sons
iâ
noun. gulf
iâ
noun. abyss, void
iôn
noun. son
lach
noun. (leaping) flame
lacha-
verb. to flame
lachend
noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)
lachenn
noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)
lacho
verb. flame!
laegel
noun. a Green Elf
laegeldrim
noun. the people of the Green Elves
laegrim
noun. the people of the Green Elves
lalorn
noun. elm-tree
lalwen
noun. elm-tree
lammas
noun. account of tongues
leweg
noun. snake
_ n. _snake.
lhaw
noun. ears (referring to one person's pair of ears only)
lhûg
noun. snake, serpent
limlug
noun. fish-dragon, sea-serpent
lonnath
noun. havens
lorn
noun. quiet water
lâf
verb. (he) licks
lôd
verb. (he) floats
lû
noun. a time, occasion
lýg
noun. snake
_ n. Zoo. _snake. Q. leuka.
lŷg
noun. snake
maeg
adjective. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something
medlin
adjective. honey-eater, bear-like
medui
adjective. last
megor
adjective. sharp-pointed
mell
adjective. dear
_ adj. _dear, beloved. Q. melda.
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
mithril
noun. true-silver, a silver-like metal
mornedhel
noun. Dark-Elf
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
na
preposition. with, by (also used as a genitive sign)
na
preposition. to, towards, at
na-
verb. to be
naegra-
verb. to pain
naur
noun. flame
naur
noun. fire
nen
noun. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river)
nen
water
{ĕ}_ n. _water, lake. Q. nén. >> nîn
no
verb. be!
o
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'.
o
preposition. from
_ prep. _from. . This gloss was rejected.
od
preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)
According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
oneth
noun. giver
orbelain
noun. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar
orchoth
noun. the Orcs (as a race)
orgilion
noun. first day of the week, day of the Stars
orithil
noun. third day of the week, day of the Moon
ormenel
noun. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day
orthad
gerund noun. rising
paeth
noun. speech
probably related to Q. pahta 'speech'. >> Golodhbaeth
ped-
verb. to speak, to say
ped-
say
_ v. _say. Q. quĕt-. >> pedo
pedo
verb. speak! say!
penninor
noun. last day of the year
peth
noun. word
peth
word
(beth) _ n. word. fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen _'doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of my tongue'. Q. quetta. >> beth
pêd
verb. (he) says
rammas
noun. (great) wall
raud
lofty
region
noun. holly-tree area
[HKF] reg (Dor. regorn “holly tree”) + ion (Dor. gen. pl. suffix) = Dor. Regornion [Etym. ERÉK-]
rhae
easy
_adj. _easy. Q. rhaia. . This gloss was rejected.
sain
adjective. new
sellath
noun. all the daughters
sui
conjunction. as, like
sîr
noun. river
taer
lofty
adj. lofty. Q. tāra.
taith
noun. mark
telerrim
noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves
tew
letter
(dew), pl1. tiw _ n. _letter. tew << têw; tiw << tîw. >> téw
til
point
tum
noun. deep valley, under or among hills
têw
noun. letter, written sign
ui-
prefix. ever
urug
noun. Orc (rarely used)
êl
noun. star (little used except in verses)
êl
star
pl1. elin, pl2. elenath** ** n. star. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni, pl2. elelli. >> elen
ódhel
noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk
ódhellim
noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk
ach
conjunction. but
[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.
ach
conjunction. but
[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.
ada
daddy
ada (pl. edai)
ada
daddy
(pl. edai)
aeg
sharp
(pointed, piercing). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as noun "point, peak, thorn".
aeg
point
(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".
aig
sharp
(no distinct pl. form).
aith
point of spear, spear point
(no distinct pl. form)
ammen
for us
(to us).
amrûn
sunrise
amrûn (orient, east, uprising), pl. emrŷn
amrûn
sunrise
(orient, east, uprising), pl. emrŷn
ar
outside
(without)
ardh
region
(realm), pl. erdh, also in augmented form ardhon (great region, great province, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.
arth
lofty
(noble, exalted), pl. erth
ast
dust
(pl. aist if there is a pl.)
aur
day
aur (morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
aur
day
(morning), pl. oer. As prefix or- in names of weekdays.
bain
beautiful
bain (fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
bain
beautiful
(fair). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
baul
torment
(noun) baul (i maul, o mbaul), pl. boel (i mboel). Also bol- at the beginning of compounds.
baul
torment
(i maul, o mbaul), pl. boel (i mboel). Also bol- at the beginning of compounds.
be
as
(like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salo’s reconstruction)
brona
last
(verb) 1) brona- (survive) (i vrona, i mronar), 2) dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)
brona
last
(survive) (i vrona, i mronar)
brûn
elder, eldest
(long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also
brûn
long endured/established/in use
(old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;
carach
jaws
(set of jaws) carach (i garach, o charach), pl. ceraich (i cheraich)
carach
jaws
(i garach, o charach), pl. ceraich (i cheraich)
celeb
silver
1) (noun) celeb (i geleb, o cheleb), pl. celib (i chelib) if there is a pl. form. 2) (adj., "of/like silver") celebren (lenited gelebren, pl. celebrin; also celebrin- as first element of compounds, as in Celebrindal). Also celefn (lenited gelefn, pl. celifn). As for ”silver” as adjective, see also SHINING WHITE. Adj.
celon
river
(i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn)
certh
rune
(i gerth, o cherth), pl. cirth (i chirth).
certhas
rune-row
(i gerthas, o cherthas), pl. certhais (i cherthais).
certhas
alphabet
(runic alphabet) certhas (i gerthas, o cherthas) (rune-row), pl. certhais (i cherthais)
certhas
alphabet
(i gerthas, o cherthas) (rune-row), pl. certhais (i cherthais)
cên
gore
(i gên, o chên, construct cen) (wedge), pl. cîn (i chîn). Alternative sg. form cîn (i gîn, o chîn, construct cin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîn) (VT45:20)
cîl
renewal
(i gîl; no distinct pl. form except with article: i chîl) (VT48:8)
cîr
renewed
clashes with the word for ”ship”.s
cîw
new
(lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (fresh)
cû
bow
1) (noun) cû (i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui), 2) (bow for shooting) peng (i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing),
cýron
new moon
(i gýron), pl. cýroen (i chýroen). Archaic ✱cýraun, spelt cýrawn in the source (VT48:7).
dae
very
dae (exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
dae
very
(exceedingly). Lenited dhae.
dagra
make war
(do battle) (i nagra, i ndagrar), also dagrada- (i nagrada, i ndagradar)
dartha
last
(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, remain, endure) (VT45:8)
delos
horror
(i dhelos) (fear, abhorrence, dread, detestation, loathing), pl. delys (i nelys), coll. pl. delossath. A side-form ends in -oth (pl. -yth) instead of -os (-ys).
duin
river
(long, large river with strong current) duin (i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin) (VT48:24)
duinen
high tide
(i dhuinen), pl. duinin (i nuinin). (VT48:26).
dêl
horror
(i dhêl, construct del) (disgust, fear, loathing), pl. dîl (i nîl)
dúnedhel
west-elf
(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*
e
he
(SD:128-31)
ecthel
point of spear, spear point
(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point"
ecthel
spear point
(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”
eden
new
(begun again), pl. edin
edhelharn
elf-stone
(a term for beryl) edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).
egnas
sharp point
(peak; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassaith.
einior
elder
einior (pl. einioer). Archaic *einiaur.
einior
elder
(pl. einioer). Archaic ✱einiaur.
eitha
prick with a sharp point
(stab, treat with scorn; insult) (i eitha, in eithar)
emig
little mother
(no distinct pl. form except with article: in emig). Also used (in children’s play) as a name for the index finger (VT48:6, 17)
en
of the
e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.
ennin
long year
. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.
eriad
noun. rising
eru
the one
isolated from
eruchen
children of the one
)
falathren
of the shore
(pl. felethrin)
falch
deep cleft
(ravine[?]), pl. felch;
faur
shore
(beach), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)
gardh
region
(i ’ardh) (bounded or defined place), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh)
gilion
of stars
(lenited ngilion; pl. gilioen). Archaic ✱giliaun.
girith
horror
(i ’irith) (shuddering), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngirith = i ñirith)
glî
honey
glî (i **lî**);
glî
honey
(i ’lî);
gobel
enclosed dwelling
(i ’obel) (walled house or village, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. göbil.
gobem
noun. mouth
gorog
horror
(i ngorog = i ñorog, o n’gorog = o ñgorog), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryg.
goroth
horror
(i ngoroth = i ñoroth, o n’goroth = o ñgoroth) (dread), pl. geryg (in geryg = i ñgeryg) (WJ:415). Archaic pl. göryth.
goss
horror
(i ’oss, construct gos) (dread), pl. gyss (i ngyss = i ñyss).
grôd
underground dwelling
(i ’rôd, construct grod) (cave, delving, excavation), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)
gwachae
adjective. far away
gwain
new
1) #gwain (gwin-), lenited wain, pl. gwîn. Isolated from the month-name Narwain, ”new sun” (where #gwain appears in lenited form). The form gwîn ”young” listed in VT46:22 would have to be taken as a pl. form, if it is to be the cognate of Quenya vinya. 2) cîw (lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (fresh), 3) eden (begun again), pl. edin; 4) sain (sin-), lenited hain; pl. sîn;
gwain
new
(gwin-), lenited ’wain, pl. gwîn. Isolated from the month-name Narwain, ”new sun” (where #gwain appears in lenited form). The form gwîn ”young” listed in VT46:22 would have to be taken as a pl. form, if it is to be the cognate of Quenya vinya.
gwaun
goose
gwaun (i **waun), pl. goen (i ngoen = i ñoen). Coll. pl. ?gonath. In ”Noldorin”, the pl. form was guin**.
gwaun
goose
(i ’waun), pl. goen (i ngoen = i ñoen). Coll. pl. ?gonath. – In ”Noldorin”, the pl. form was guin.
gîl
star
gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).
gîl
star
(i ngîl = i ñîl, o n’gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath **(RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. **elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).
gîl
bright spark
(i ngîl = i ñîl, construct gil) (star, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. *giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)*
habad
shore
(i chabad, o chabad), pl. hebaid (i chebaid). Archaic pl. hebeid (LR:386).
hadron
hurler of spears or darts
(i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath
hên
child
(i chên), pl. hîn (i chîn); also -chen, pl. -chín at the end of compounds (e.g. Eruchín ”Children of Eru”). (WJ:403)
idhor
thoughtfulness
. (Correction of idher in LR:361 s.v.
idhr
id
> idhor as the later forms.)
idhren
thoughtful
(pondering, wise), pl. idhrin;
iell
daughter
1) iell (-iel) (girl, maid), pl. ill, 2) sell (i hell) (girl, maid), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath**. **DAUGTHER OF TWILIGHT, see NIGHTINGALE
iell
daughter
(-iel) (girl, maid), pl. ill
im
between
(within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”
im
i
but as subject usually simply the ending -n, as in ónen ”
im
deep vale
(dell), no distinct pl. form (though the pl. article in will mark the word as pl. when definite). The word typically occurs, not by itself, but in compounds like imlad, imloth, imrath, imrad (VT45:18, VT47:19)
imlad
narrow valley with steep sides
(glen, deep valley), pl. imlaid.
imlad
deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides
(glen), pl. imlaid;
imloth
flowering valley
(pl. imlyth) (VT42:18).
imrath
narrow valley
(pl. imraith)
imrath
valley
(long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise) imrath (pl. imraith)
ingem
suffering from old age
(pl. ingim), literally ”year-sick”
iond
wj
pl. ynd, coll. pl. ionnath.
ist
lore
ist (knowledge); no distinct pl. form.
ist
lore
(knowledge); no distinct pl. form.
iâ
gulf
(chasm, void, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)
lacha
flame
(verb) *lacha- (i lacha, i lachar). Only the imperative form lacho is attested.
lacha
flame
(i lacha, i lachar). Only the imperative form lacho is attested.
lachenn
flame-eyed
pl. lachinn *(WJ:384, there cited in archaic form lachend)*.
lhaw
ears
(?i thlaw or ?i law).
lhewig
ear
lhewig (?i thlewig or ?i lewig the lenition product of lh is uncertain). This ia a singular formed from the collective
lhewig
ear
(?i thlewig or ?i lewig – the lenition product of lh is uncertain). This ia a singular formed from the collective
lhûg
dragon
lhûg (construct lhug; with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig), also amlug (pl. emlyg).
lhûg
dragon
(construct lhug; with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (snake, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig), also amlug (pl. emlyg).
limlug
fish-dragon
(sea serpent), pl. limlyg
lind
river
”singer” may also be used of rivers (see
lond
haven
lond (harbour, pass, strait; narrow path), pl. lynd, coll. pl. lonnath (as in the name Lonnath Ernin, WR:294)
lond
haven
(harbour, pass, strait; narrow path), pl. lynd, coll. pl. lonnath (as in the name Lonnath Ernin, WR:294)
lond
narrow path
(harbour, haven, pass, strait), pl. lynd, coll. pl. lonnath (as in the name Lonnath Ernin, WR:294).
lû
time
_(a time) _1) lû (occasion), pl. lui, coll. pl. lúath.
lû
time
(occasion), pl. lui, coll. pl. lúath.
lŷg
snake
1) lŷg (constuct lyg), no distinct pl. form. 2) lhûg (construct lhug, with article ?i thlûg or ?i lûg the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (dragon, serpent), pl. lhuig (?i luig). See SERPENT.
maecheneb
sharp-eyed
(lenited vaecheneb; pl. maechenib)
maeg
sharp
(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (penetrating, going deep in). (WJ:337)
maeg
going deep in
(lenited vaeg; no distinct pl. form) (sharp, penetrating). (WJ:337);
dear
mail (lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)
dear
(lenited vail, pl. mîl), also mell (lenited vell; pl. mill), also muin (lenited vuin; no distinct pl. form)
medui
last
(adjective) 1) medui (lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form), 2) meth (lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.
medui
last
(lenited vedui; no distinct pl. form)
ment
point
(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.
ment
point
(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **
meth
last
(lenited veth, pl. mith). Note: the word is also used as a noun ”end”.
mi
between
mi (with article: min)
mi
between
(with article: min)
muda
labour
(verb.) muda- (i vuda, i mudar) (toil), pa.t. mudas
muda
labour
(i vuda, i mudar) (toil), pa.t. mudas
n
that
added to a preposition, e.g. ben ”according to the”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.
naeth
biting
(gnashing of teeth in grief; woe); no distinct pl. form.
naew
jaw
naew; no distinct pl. form;
naew
jaw
; no distinct pl. form;
nag
bite
(verb) nag- (i nâg, in negir);
nag
bite
(i nâg, in negir);
naith
spearhead
(gore, wedge, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form;
naith
point
(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.
naith
gore
1) naith (spearhead, wedge, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form; 2) cên (i gên, o chên, construct cen) (wedge), pl. cîn (i chîn). Alternative sg. form cîn (i gîn, o chîn, construct cin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîn) (VT45:20)
naith
gore
(spearhead, wedge, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form
naith
spearhead
naith (gore, wedge, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form;
narch
biting
(pl. nerch) (RC:601)
nasta
point
(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)
nasta
point
(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)
nauth
thought
nauth (pl. noeth, coll. pl. nothath);
nauth
thought
(pl. noeth, coll. pl. nothath);
norn
hard
norn (twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted), pl. nyrn. Also used as noun = ”Dwarf”. (MR:93, WJ:205)
norn
hard
(twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted), pl. nyrn. Also used as noun = ”Dwarf”. (MR:93, WJ:205)
nuitha
prevent from coming to completion
(i nuitha, in nuithar) (stunt; stop short; not allow to continue) (WJ:413)
nîdh
honeycomb
(construct nidh; no distinct pl. form) (VT45:38).
nîf
face
(construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form.
o
of
(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.
oneth
giver
(fem.) #oneth pl. *onith. Isolated from the following:
oneth
giver
pl. ✱onith. Isolated from the following:
orch
orc
orch (pl. yrch**, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms: 1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i **lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”
orchall
lofty
(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)
parf
book
parf (i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath
parf
book
(i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath
ped
speak
(i bêd, i phedir) (say), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.
ped
say
ped- (i **bêd**, i phedir) (speak), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.
ped
say
(i bêd, i phedir) (speak), pa.t. pent (attested in mutated form -phent); the imperative pedo is also attested.
penninor
last day of the year
(i benninor, o phenninor), pl. penninoer (i phenninoer). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” penninar (LR:400 s.v. YEN).
peth
word
peth (i beth, o pheth), pl. pith (i phith)
peth
word
(i beth, o pheth), pl. pith (i phith)
pôd
foot
(i bôd, o phôd, construct pod), pl. p**ŷd (i ph**ŷd).
rafn
extended point at the side
(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).
rath
climbing path
(street, course, riverbed), pl. raist (idh raist) (UT:255)
rhast
shore
(?i thrast or ?i rast – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaist (?idh raist).
rhûd
dwelling underground
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (artificial cave, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid) (PM:365)*.
rhûd
mine
*rhûd (construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365).
rhûd
mine
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*.
sain
adjective. new
sain
new
(sin-), lenited hain; pl. sîn
salab
herb
salab (i halab, o salab), pl. selaib (i selaib). In ”N”, the pl. was seleb, LR:385 s.v. _ÁK-(W_Ē).
salab
herb
(i halab, o salab), pl. selaib (i selaib). – In ”N”, the pl. was seleb, LR:385 s.v. SALÁK-(WĒ).
sell
daughter
(i** hell) (girl, maid), pl. sill (i** sill), coll. pl. *sellath***. **
siniath
news
(tidings) (i siniath).
sui
as
1) prep. “like, as”) sui (VT44:23), 2) (prep.) be (like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salos reconstruction)
sui
as
(VT44:23)
sîr
river
1) (also = rill) sîr (i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”. 2) celon (i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn), 3) The word lind ”singer” may also be used of rivers (see . (WJ.309).
sîr
river
(i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”.
tad-dal
biped
(also as adj. ”two-legged”) *tad-dal (i dad-dal, o thad-dal), pl. tad-dail (i thad-dail)
tad-dal
biped
(i dad-dal, o thad-dal), pl. tad-dail (i thad-dail)
taith
mark
(noun) taith (i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.
taith
mark
(i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.
talad
incline
(noun) talad (i dalad, o thalad) (slope), pl. telaid (i thelaid)
talad
incline
(i dalad, o thalad) (slope), pl. telaid (i thelaid)
talath
dal
Dirnen or ”Guarded Plain” mentioned in the Silmarillion.
taw
that
(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _
taw
that
. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form tó is actually given in LR:389 s.v.
telluin
sole of the foot
(i delluin, o thelluin), pl. tellyn (i thellyn). *Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” telloein, tellen (LR:384 s.v. *
telu
high roof
(i delu, o thelu) (dome), pl. tely (i thely).
thar
beyond
(across, athwart, over)
thela
point of spear, spear point
(-thel), pl. ?thili
thela
spear point
(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.
thost
smell
(noun) thost (pl. thyst) _(VT46:19)__;
thost
smell
(pl. thyst) (VT46:19)
thû
stench
(pl. thui)
till
sharp horn
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
till
sharp-pointed peak
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp horn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild.
till
point
till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)
till
point
(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)
tiwdi
alphabet
tiwdi (i diwdi), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thiwdi). (VT46:16; David Salo would read têwdi)
tiwdi
alphabet
(i diwdi), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thiwdi). *(VT46:16; David Salo would read têwdi)*
tâl
foot
(i dâl [LR:298], o thâl), also -dal in compounds; pl. tail (i thail). In LR:390 s.v.
têw
letter
têw (i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (sign, tengwa), pl. tîw (i **thîw), coll. pl. téwath**
têw
letter
(i dêw, o thêw, construct tew) (sign, tengwa), pl. tîw (i thîw), coll. pl. téwath
tî
row
tî (i dî, o thî) (line), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath;
tî
row
(i dî, o thî) (line), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath;
tûm
deep valley
tum- (i** dûm, o thûm, construct tum), pl. t**uim (i** thuim**)
tûr
power
tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, mastery, control; master, victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath.
tûr
power
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, mastery, control; master, victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath.
ui
ever
ui (always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in *uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin
ui
ever
(always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in ✱uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin
uin
from the, of the
.
êr
one
whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)
îr
sexual desire
(VT46:23)
ûn
creature
ûn (pl. uin).
ûn
creature
(pl. uin).
_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.