_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath 'glory to all the Halflings'.
Sindarin
an
preposition. to, towards, for
an
to
an
used with object
poss. art. used with object, e.g. dagnir an Glaurung 'Slayer of Glaurung' = he who slew Glaurung. [?preceded article in form] eni, e.g. mellyn enin Edhellion.
an
preposition. to, for, to, for; [N. and G.] of
Changes
eni→ enni ✧ VT41/16Derivations
- √NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/146
Element in
- S. aglar’ni Pheriannath “glory to the halflings” ✧ Let/448; LotR/0953
- ᴺS. amman “why, (lit.) for what”
- S. anann “(for) long”
- S. anglenna- “to approach”
- S. aníra- “to desire, to desire, *long for”
- S. anno ammen sír i mbas ilaurui vín “give us this day our daily bread” ✧ VT44/27
- S. annon edhellen, edro hi ammen “Elvish gate open now for us” ✧ LotR/0307; PE17/045
- ᴺS. anuir “forever, everlastingly, eternally, in eternity”
- S. a Pherhael ar am Meril suilad uin aran o Minas Tirith nelchaenen ned Echuir “to Samwise and Rose the King’s greeting from Minas Tirith, the thirty-first day of Stirring” ✧ SD/129; SD/129; SD/129; SD/129
- S. ar díheno ammen i úgerth vin “and forgive us our trespasses” ✧ VT44/27
- S. guren bêd enni “my heart tells me” ✧ VT41/11
- S. gurth an Glamhoth “Death to the din-horde” ✧ UT/039
- S. ir Ithil ammen Eruchín “*when the Moon, for us, the Children of God” ✧ LB/354
- S. naur an edraith ammen “fire [be] for saving of us” ✧ LotR/0290; LotR/0290; LotR/0299; LotR/0299; PE17/038; PE17/038
- S. ón annin “*he gave (it) to me” ✧ PE17/147
- S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23
- S. sui mín i gohenam di ai gerir úgerth ammen “as we forgive those who trespass against us” ✧ VT44/27
- S. ú-chebin estel anim “I have kept no hope for myself” ✧ LotR/1061; PE17/117
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √ANA/NĀ > ana > an [ana] > [an] ✧ PE17/146 Variations
- eni ✧ VT41/16 (
eni)- ann ✧ VT44/22 (
ann)
an-
prefix. intensive prefix
Cognates
- Q. an- “intensive prefix”
Element in
- S. Anfauglith “Gasping Dust” ✧ SA/faug
- S. einior “elder”
ann
noun. gift
n. gift.
ann
noun. gift
Cognates
- Q. anna “gift, (orig.) thing handed, brought or sent to a person, gift, (orig.) thing handed, brought or sent to a person, *present” ✧ PE22/163
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶annā > ann [annā] > [anna] > [ann] ✧ PE17/090 Variations
- ann ✧ PE17/090
- anw ✧ PE22/163
anw
noun. gift
anw
noun. gift
nan
preposition. of
anha-
verb. to give
en
of the
poss. art. of the.
en
preposition. of the
Changes
ani→ eni ✧ PE17/097en(n)a→ ena ✧ PE17/097Derivations
- ✶ān(a) “subjective genitive” ✧ PE17/097
Element in
- S. alae! ered en Echoriath, ered e·mbar nín “[?behold!] the mountains of Echoriath, the mountains of my home!” ✧ UT/040; UT/040; UT/054
- S. Bar-en-Danwedh “House of Ransom” ✧ S/203
- S. Bar-en-Nibin-noeg “House of the Petty Dwarves” ✧ UT/100
- S. Cabed-en-Aras “Deer’s Leap” ✧ UT/150
- S. Cirith Forn en Andrath “High-Climbing Pass of the North”
- S. Daur a Berhael, Conin en Annûn “Frodo and Sam, princes of the west” ✧ Let/448; LotR/0953
- S. Dor-en-Ernil “Land of the Prince” ✧ UT/245
- S. Haudh-en-Arwen “Ladybarrow”
- S. Haudh-en-Elleth “Mound of the Elf-maid” ✧ PE17/141; S/216
- S. Haudh-en-Ellas ✧ PE17/097
- S. Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain, (lit.) Mound of the Slain”
- S. Haudh-en-Nirnaeth “Mound of Tears” ✧ S/197
- S. i mbair en Ndengin “the houses of the Slain” ✧ PE17/097
- S. mellyn enin Edhellion “*friends of the Elves” ✧ PE17/097
- S. Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” ✧ UT/153
- S. Narn en·Êl “*Tale of the Star” ✧ MR/373
- S. Narn e·Dant Gondolin ar Orthad en·Êl “*Tale of the Fall of Gondolin and the Raising of the Star” ✧ MR/373; MR/373
- S. Narn e·Dinúviel “Tale of the Nightingale” ✧ MR/373
- S. Narn e·mbar Hador “*Tale of the House of Hador” ✧ MR/373
- S. Narn e·’Rach Morgoth “Tale of the Curse of Morgoth” ✧ MR/373
- S. paeth e Ngolodhrim “*speech of the Noldor” ✧ PE17/126; PE17/126
- S. Roch-cheruin “Steed of the Lady” ✧ PE17/097
- S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23; VT50/23
- S. Taur e-Ndaedelos “Forest of the Great Fear” ✧ LotR/1134
- S. Taur-en-Faroth “*Forest of the Hunting”
- S. dagnir an Glaurung “slayer of Glaurung” ✧ PE17/097
Variations
- en ✧ Let/448; LotR/0953; PE17/097; PE17/102; PE17/141; S/197; S/203; S/216; UT/040; UT/100; UT/150; UT/153; UT/245; VT50/23
- en· ✧ MR/373
- an ✧ PE17/097
- ena ✧ PE17/097
- ani ✧ PE17/097 (
ani)- en(n)a ✧ PE17/097 (
en(n)a)
na
to
e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2
na
preposition. to
prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2
-ian(d)
suffix. -land, country
A suffix meaning “-land” or “country” appearing often in the names of regions and countries along with its plural variant -ien(d) “-lands”, mentioned in a number of places in Tolkien’s later writings (Let/383; UT/318). In notes from the late 1950s Tolkien derived it from primitive ✶yandē “a wide region or country” from the root √YAN “wide”, which replaced another root √YON of similar meaning (PE17/42-43). In notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s, Tolkien connected it instead to an apparent adjective S. iand “wide”, still derived from √YAN (PE17/115).
Conceptual Development: This suffix seems to have first appeared in ᴱN. Broseliand in the Lays of Beleriand of the 1920s, precursor to the name S. Beleriand and almost certainly inspired by the legendary medieval French forest Brocéliande. Tolkien used this suffix widely in names starting with Lord of the Rings drafts, but it seems he did not develop a clear etymology for the suffix until quite late. Tolkien himself mentioned the connection between this suffix and the French name Brocéliande in a 1967 letter (Let/383). It is thus an interesting case study in how Tolkien would gradually integrate elements inspired by real-world languages into his Elvish corpus.
Derivations
Element in
- S. Anórien “Sunlending, *(lit.) Sun-lands” ✧ PE17/042; PE17/042
- S. Beleriand “Country of Balar” ✧ PE17/029; PE17/037; PE17/042; PE17/042
- S. Cardolan “?Red Hill Land”
- S. Eryd-wethion “Mountains of the Region of Shadows” ✧ PE17/042
- S. Garthúrian “Hidden Realm”
- S. Ithilien “Land of the Moon” ✧ PE17/042; PE17/042; UT/318
- S. Lórien “*Golden Lands”
- S. Ossiriand “Land of Seven Rivers”
- S. Rochand “Rohan, Horse-country” ✧ Let/382; UT/318
- S. Rohan “Riddermark, (lit.) Horse-country”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶yandē > -iand [-jandē] > [-jande] > [-iande] > [-iand] > [-iann] > [-ian] ✧ PE17/042 ✶yandē > iend [-jandī] > [-jandi] > [-iandi] > [-iendi] > [-iend] > [-ienn] > [-ien] ✧ PE17/042 Variations
- -and ✧ Let/382; Let/383; UT/318
- an ✧ Let/383
- -ian ✧ PE17/037; PE17/042; PE17/043
- -iand(a) ✧ PE17/037 (-iand(a))
- -iand ✧ PE17/042
- -iann ✧ PE17/115
- (i)and ✧ PE17/170
uin
preposition. of the
i
definite article. the
i
definite article. who
i
the
pl1. in _ art. _the.
i
the
: Singular i (+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see THAT). Apparently ”the” sometimes appears as a suffix -n added to a preposition, e.g. be**<u>n</u>** ”according to <u>the</u>”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.
i
article. the
@@@ enclytic Dagor-nuin-Giliath vs. Dagor-nui-Ngiliath
Cognates
- Q. i “the” ✧ PE17/066
Element in
- S. Aerlinn in Edhil o Imladris “*Holy Song of the Elves of Rivendell” ✧ RGEO/62
- S. aglar’ni Pheriannath “glory to the halflings”
- S. anglennatha i Varanduiniant erin dolothen Ethuil “will approach the Bridge of Baranduin on the eighth day of Spring” ✧ SD/129
- S. anno ammen sír i mbas ilaurui vín “give us this day our daily bread” ✧ VT44/24
- S. Annon-in-Gelydh “Gate of the Noldor” ✧ S/238
- S. aran Gondor ar Arnor ar Hîr i Mbair Annui “king of Gondor and Arnor and Lord of the Westlands” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
- S. ar díheno ammen i úgerth vin “and forgive us our trespasses” ✧ VT44/24
- S. ar in Ellath epholar eno vi Eressai “*and the Elves (?remember) still in Eressëa” ✧ VT50/19
- S. Athrad i-Negyth “Ford of the Dwarves” ✧ WJ/338
- S. Bar-in-Mŷl “Home of the Gulls” ✧ WJ/379
- S. Bar-in-Gwael ✧ WJ/418
- S. Caras i-Ngelaidh “City of the Trees” ✧ PE17/060
- S. caro den i innas lin “thy will be done” ✧ VT44/24
- S. Celebrimbor o Eregion teithant i thiw hin “Celebrimbor of Hollin drew these signs” ✧ LotR/0305; PE17/044
- S. i Cirdh Daeron “*the Runes of Daeron” ✧ NM/164
- S. cuio i Pheriain anann “may the Halflings live long” ✧ Let/448; LotR/0953; PE17/102
- S. Dagor-nuin-Giliath “Battle-under-Stars” ✧ S/106
- S. Dor-i-Ndainn “*Land of the Nandor”
- S. Dor i Thuin
- S. Dúnad in Gyrth “Descent of the Dead” ✧ NM/364
- S. Echad i Sedryn “Camp of the Faithful” ✧ UT/153
- S. edregol e aníra tírad i Cherdir Perhael (i sennui Panthael estathar aen) Condir i Drann “in especial he desires to see Master Samwise (who should be called Fullwise) Mayor of the Shire” ✧ AotM/062; AotM/062; SD/129; SD/129
- S. Ernil i Pheriannath “Prince of the Halflings” ✧ Let/425; LotR/0768; LotR/0807
- S. Gwaith-i-Mírdain “People of the Jewel Smiths”
- S. Haudh in Gwanûr “*Burial Mound of the Twins” ✧ LotR/1054
- S. i arben na megil and “Knight of the Long Sword” ✧ PE17/147
- S. i chîn Húrin “*the children of Húrin” ✧ VT50/18
- S. i glinn hen agorer Edain mi Velerian, ach hí in Ellath îr ed epholar “*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it” ✧ VT50/12; VT50/15; VT50/15; VT50/12; VT50/15
- S. i mbair en Ndengin “the houses of the Slain” ✧ PE17/097
- S. i·Veleglind i eithro en estar i·Chîn Húrin “*the Great Song that is also called the Children of Húrin” ✧ VT50/12; VT50/12
- S. Men-i-Naugrim “Dwarf Road, (lit.) Way of the Dwarves” ✧ NM/372; UT/280
- S. Narn i Chîn Húrin “Tale of the Children of Húrin” ✧ MR/373; S/198; UT/057
- S. naur dan i ngaurhoth “*fire against the wolf-horde” ✧ LotR/0299; PE17/039
- S. Nern in Adanath “Legendarium of the Fathers of Men” ✧ MR/373
- S. Nern in Edenedair “Legendarium of the Fathers of Men” ✧ MR/373
- S. Nîn-in-Eilph “Swanfleet, Waterlands of the Swans” ✧ NM/378
- S. no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT44/24
- S. ónen i-Estel Edain “I gave Hope to the Dúnedain” ✧ LotR/1061
- S. os i Veleglinn i edain agorer vi Veleriann “*from the Great Song that men made in Beleriand” ✧ VT50/18
- S. Ost-in-Edhil “Fortress of the Eldar” ✧ SA/edhel
- S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23; VT50/23
- S. Taur-i-Melegyrn “Forest of the Great Trees” ✧ WJI/Taur-i-Melegyrn
- S. Tawar-in-Drúedain “Drúadan Forest” ✧ UT/319
- S. Tol-in-Gaurhoth “Isle of Werewolves” ✧ UT/054
- S. tolo i arnad lín “thy kingdom come” ✧ VT44/24
Variations
- i ✧ AotM/062; AotM/062; AotM/062; Let/425; Let/448; LotR/0299; NM/164; NM/372; PE17/039; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/066; S/198; SD/129; SD/129; SD/129; UT/280; VT44/24; VT50/12; VT50/18; VT50/18; VT50/23; WJ/338
- i- ✧ LotR/1061; LotR/1114
- in ✧ NM/364
- i· ✧ PE17/147
- ir ✧ VT50/23
i
the
(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. – The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see
o
from
(od), followed by hard mutation; with article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by mixed mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366) Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning” (q.v. for this meaning of ”of”). 2) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of” 3)
an
to the, for the
(for) + i (the).
an
for
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for
(adverbial prefix) an-
an
for
(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni ”for the” (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
for the
(for) + i (the).
an
to
(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to
(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)
an
to
(+ nasal mutation), with article ’ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).
an
to the
(for) + i (the).
ant
gift
ant, pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
ant
gift
pl. aint, coll. pl. annath. Also ann (-an at the end of compounds), pl. ain.
n
that
added to a preposition, e.g. ben ”according to the”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.
ammen
for us
(to us).
ammen
to us
(for us)
en
of the
e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.
en
of the
e- (sg. genitival article)
en
of the
en-, e- (sg. genitival article): interjection
en
of the
en-, e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.
na
to, toward
1) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salos reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of” 2)
na
to, toward
(followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of”
ada
daddy
ada (pl. edai)
ada
daddy
(pl. edai)
uin
from the, of the
.
With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath