Quenya 

hasta-

mar

#hasta- vb. "mar"(verbal stem isolated from the passive participle hastaina "marred"). (MR:254)

mar

earth

mar (1) noun "earth" (world), also "home, dwelling, mansion". Stem mard- (VT46:13, PE17:64), also seen in the ablative Mardello "from earth" (FS); the word is used with a more limited sense in oromardi "high halls" (sg. oromar, PM17:64), referring to the dwellings of Manwë and Varda on Mt. Taniquetil (Nam, RGEO:66). The initial element of Mardorunando (q.v.) may be the genitive mardo (distinguish mardo "dweller"). May be more or less identical to már "home, house, dwelling" (of persons or peoples; in names like Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil) (SA:bar, VT45:33, VT47:6). Már is however unlikely to have the stem-form mard-; a "Qenya" genitive maren appears in the phrase hon-maren, q.v., suggesting that its stem is mar-. A possible convention could therefore be to use már (mar-) for "home, house" (also when = household, family as in Mardil, q.v.), whereas mar (mard-) is used for for "earth, world". Early "Qenya" has mar (mas-) "dwelling of men, the Earth, -land" (LT1:251); notice that in LotR-style Quenya, a word in -r cannot have a stem-form in -s-.

már

home, house, dwelling

már (mar-) (2) noun "home, house, dwelling" (also "house" in the sense of family as in Mardil, q.v.). See mar above for references. In Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil, and as final element in Eldamar, Fanyamar, Valimar, Vinyamar..

ambar

a-mbar

ambar (1) ("a-mbar") noun "oikumenē [Greek: the earth as the human habitation], Earth, world" (MBAR), stem ambar- (PE17:66), related to and associated with mar "home, dwelling" (VT45:33); in VT46:13 the latter glosses are possibly also ascribed to the word ambar itself (the wording is not clear). The form ambaren also listed in the Etymologies was presumably intended as the genitive singular at the time of writing (in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be the dative singular); in the printed version in LR, the misreading "ambaron" appears (see VT45:33). Ambar-metta noun "the end of the world" (EO); spelt ambarmetta in VT44:36. The element #umbar in Tarumbar "King of the World" (q.v.) would seem to be a variant of ambar, just like ambar #2 "doom" also alternates with umbar (see below).

marda

dwelling

marda noun "dwelling" (PE17:107)

Mardil

(one) devoted to the house

Mardil masc. name, "(one) devoted to the house", sc. the "house" of the kings (Appendix A; interpreted in Letters:386). This indicates that the first element can mean "house" in the sense of family or household (see mar, már). This Mardil is described as a good steward, possibly suggesting that mardil ("one devoted to the house/family") could itself function as a common noun "(faithful) steward".

hasta-

verb. to mar

Derivations

Element in

oromar

high (lofty) dwelling, hall

oromar (oromard-) noun "high (lofty) dwelling, hall" (PM17:63-64), pl oromardi "high halls" or "high mansions" in Namárië (cf. RGEO:66, PE17:64), referring to the mansions of Manwë and Varda upon Mt. Taniquetil. See mar #1. Distinguish oromardi noun "mountain-dwellers" (PE16:96), pl. of *oromar(d-).

mar(da)

noun. dwelling, (great) house, residence, mansion, a thing or place dwelt in, home, dwelling, (great) house, residence, mansion, a thing or place dwelt in, home; [ᴱQ.] world

A word for “dwelling, mansion, hall” derived from √MBAR “dwell” (PE17/64), most notably as an element in oromardi “lofty halls” in the Namárië “poem” (LotR/377). Its plural mardi indicates a stem form of mard-, but its uninflected form appeared as both short mar (PE17/64, 163-4; PE21/80) and longer marda (PE17/107; PE21/76). Tolkien described its meaning more precisely in some notes from the 1960s:

> The derivative form ✱mbardā became in Quenya marda: “a thing or place dwelt in, dwelling” and since it could be applied to the actual dwelling-places or buildings (alone or grouped) approached the sense “house”. Though it did not in fact refer to “buildings”, and could equally well be applied to dwelling-places of natural origin, such as caves or groves (PE17/107).

And in an earlier version of these notes:

> The usual word in Eldarin for a “home”, as the established residence of a family consisting of one or more associated buildings, was ✱mbā̆r (stem mbăr-), and ✱mbardā (an adjectival formation). In Q mar (stem mard-), a blending of the two, was used like “residence”, usually with a defining genitive, for the “great house” of a family (PE17/164).

In Tolkien’s later writings, it seems this word was distinct from and coexisted with Q. már (mar-) “home” (PE17/106, 164).

Conceptual Development: This word for “dwelling” was often intermingled and confused with már “home”, making its conceptual development difficult to trace. There are some other earlier words for which some extension was added to √MBAR. In the 1910s ᴱQ. marda meant “world” as in ᴱQ. Talka Marda “Smith of the World” (LT1/180; 15/8); in The Qenya Phonology Tolkien said marda had a dialectical variant ᴱQ. mára (PE12/24) and in the Gnomish Lexicon it had the form Marwa “World” (GL/18).

The Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s had an adverbial variant ᴹQ. marta “home” of ᴹQ. mar “house” (PE21/25, 27); this adverbial form became marda “home” in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure of the early 1950s (PE21/76). In the 1930s more generally the stem form of short ᴹQ. mar was frequently mard- (PE21/27; EtyAC/MBAR; LR/72) but not always (LR/63). The coexistence of már and mard- was not clearly established until the 1960s (see above).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use marda primarily as a “dwelling” as in “a thing dwelled in”, usable of buildings but also of natural dwellings like caves. Of constructed dwellings, it generally applies to larger or more elaborate dwellings such as mansions and halls, as in oromar “high hall”. I would assume the same was true of natural dwellings, with marda only applicable to a complex of inhabitable caverns rather than an individual cave. For the home of an individual or family I would use már “home”, and for the building itself I would use cöa “house” (dwelling or not).

I would use mard- as the stem form of this word as with its plural mardi. Strictly speaking its uninflected form would be mar < ✶mbardā̆ after the ancient loss of short final ă, but in practice this was generally reformed to marda to make it more distinct from már “home”. Thus sissë i luinë marda (ná) “here is the blue mansion” but tassë i ninqui mardi (nár) “there are the white mansions”.

Cognates

  • S. bâr “house, dwelling, home, house, dwelling, home; [N.] earth” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/164
  • S. bardh “home” ✧ PE17/164

Derivations

  • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live” ✧ PE17/064
  • mbarda ✧ PE17/107; PE17/107; PE17/163; PE17/164
  • mbar(ă) “dwelling, habitation” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/164
    • MBAR “settle, dwell; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision, settle; establish, fix, decide, determine, make a decision; dwell, [ᴹ√] inhabit, [ᴱ√] live”
  • mbard(a) “home, homeward” ✧ PE21/76

Element in

  • ᴺQ. hlaimar “hospital”
  • ᴺQ. mardaitë “homely, domestic”
  • Q. Mardil “Devoted to the House”
  • ᴺQ. mardo “dweller”
  • Q. Mardorunando “*Redeemer of the World” ✧ VT44/17
  • Q. Martamo “World-artificer”
  • Q. Mar Tyaliéva “House of Mirth” ✧ PE21/80
  • Q. Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva “House of Past (or Departed) Mirth” ✧ PE17/064; PE21/80
  • ᴺQ. matimar “restaurant, (lit.) eating hall”
  • ᴺQ. nammar “court, courthouse, (lit.) judgment-house”
  • Q. oromar “lofty hall, high-mansion, high (lofty) dwelling” ✧ PE17/064
  • Q. Tyalie Mar “House of Mirth” ✧ PE21/80
  • ᴺQ. vanwiémar “museum, (lit.) hall of the past”
  • ᴺQ. autamar “museum, (lit.) hall of the past”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
MBAR > mar[mbarda] > [mbard] > [mard] > [mar]✧ PE17/064
mbardā > marda[mbardā] > [mardā] > [marda]✧ PE17/107
mbardā > marda[mbardā] > [mardā] > [marda]✧ PE17/107
mbar > mar[mbar] > [mar]✧ PE17/163
mbardă > mar[mbarda] > [mbard] > [mard] > [mar]✧ PE17/163
mbā̆r > mar[mbar] > [mar]✧ PE17/164
mbardā̆ > mar[mbarda] > [mbard] > [mard] > [mar]✧ PE17/164
mbard(a) > măr[mbarda] > [mbard] > [mard] > [mar]✧ PE21/76
mbard(a) > marda[mbardā] > [mardā] > [marda]✧ PE21/76

Variations

  • Mar ✧ MR/385; PE21/80
  • mar ✧ PE17/064; PE17/064; PE17/064; PE17/163 (mar); PE17/163 (mar); PE17/164; PE17/164
  • marda ✧ PE17/107; PE17/107; PE21/76
  • măr ✧ PE21/76
Quenya [MR/385; PE17/064; PE17/107; PE17/163; PE17/164; PE21/76; PE21/80; VT44/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mélamar

home

mélamar noun "home", Exilic Quenya word of emotional sense: place of ones birth or the familiar places from which one has been separated (PE17:109). Mélamarimma noun "Our Home", an expression used by Exilic Noldor for Aman.

farnë

dwelling

#farnë (2) noun "dwelling", in orofarnë (as translated in Letters:224, but in other notes of Tolkiens the word was interpreted "any growing thing or plant", PE17:83)

kemen

earth

kemen noun "earth"; see cemen.

Mardorunando

redeemer of the world

Mardorunando noun "Redeemer of the world" (VT44:17). Unless the initial element mardo- is a distinct and otherwise unattested word for "world", it may be the genitive form of mar (mard-) "earth", q.v.

Mar-nu-Falmar

home under waves

Mar-nu-Falmar noun "Home under Waves", name of the sunken Númenor (Silm). See mar, már.

-ndor

land

-ndor, final element in compounds: "land" (Letters:308, UT:253)

cemi

earth, soil, land

cemi noun "earth, soil, land"; Cémi ("k")"Mother Earth" (LT1:257; the "Qenya" word cemi would correspond to cemen in LotR-style Quenya)

nór

land

nór noun "land" (stem nor-, PE17:106) this is land as opposed to water and sea (nor in Letters:308). Cf. nórë.

nór

noun. land

A term for “land” as in “(dry) land as opposed to the sea”, mentioned in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/413) and again in notes from around 1968 (PE17/106-107).

Possible Etymology: In the Quendi and Eldar essay this term was derived from primitive ✶ndōro, but in the aforementioned 1968 notes Tolkien clarified that its stem form was nŏr-. This means it was probably derived from ancient ✱ndŏr-, where the long vowel in the uninflected form was inherited from the Common Eldarin subjective form ✱ndōr, a phenomenon also seen in words like nér (ner-) “man”. I prefer this second derivation, as it makes the independent word more distinct from the suffixal form -ndor or -nóre used in the names of countries.

Derivations

  • ndorē “land” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
    • NDOR “land; hard, firm; [ᴹ√] dwell, stay, rest, abide” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
    • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding”
    • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413
  • ndōro “land” ✧ WJ/413
    • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ndōr > nōr[ndōr] > [nōr]✧ PE17/106
NDŌR/NDŎR- > nôr[ndōr] > [nōr]✧ PE17/107
ndōro > nór[ndōro] > [ndōr] > [nōr]✧ WJ/413

Variations

  • nōr ✧ PE17/106
  • nôr ✧ PE17/107
Quenya [PE17/106; PE17/107; WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nóre

noun. land

Quenya [PE 22:116, 124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

nórë

land

nórë noun "land" (associated with a particular people) (WJ:413), "country, land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live, race, clan" (NŌ, NDOR, BAL), also used = "race, tribe, people" (SA:dôr, PE17:169; however, the normal word for "people" is lië). Early "Qenya" hasnórë "native land, nation, family, country" (in compounds -nor) (LT1:272)

os

house, cottage

os (ost-) noun "house, cottage" (LT2:336; hardly valid in LotR-style Quenya writers may use coa or már)

indo

house

indo (2) noun "house" (LT2:343), probably obsoleted by #1 above (in Tolkiens later Quenya, the word for "house" appears as coa).

Sindarin 

bar

noun. dwelling, home

Sindarin [S/428, WR/379-80, SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

bar

noun. inhabited land

Sindarin [S/428, WR/379-80, SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

bardh

home

{ð}_ n. _home, the (proper) place for one (or a community) to dwell in.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:164] < *_mbar_ or _mbardă_ < MBAR settle. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

bardh

noun. home

A word for “home” appearing in draft notes from the 1960s discussing the root √MBAR, where it was contrasted with bâr “house, dwelling”:

> In Sindarin bar [< ✱mbăr-] (pl. bair) was used for a single house or dwelling, especially of the larger and more permanent sort; barð [< ✱mbardā̆] was much as English “home”, the (proper) place for one (or a community) to dwell in (PE17/164).

It was also contrasted with milbar “dear home” which was used for the “emotional senses ‘home’ as the place of one’s birth, or desire, or one’s home returned to after journey or exile” (PE17/164). In later versions of these notes on √MBAR, Tolkien mentioned bâr and milbar but not bardh (PE17/109).

Neo-Sindarin: Given its absense from the final version of the √MBAR notes, it is possible Tolkien abandoned bardh “home”. However, I prefer to retain it for purposes of Neo-Sindarin for the ordinary sense of “home”, and reserve milbar for one’s “emotional home” or “✱true home” from which one is currently separated, as opposed to the home that you are living now = bardh. I would use bâr primarily in the sense “house, dwelling”.

Cognates

  • Q. mar(da) “dwelling, (great) house, residence, mansion, a thing or place dwelt in, home, dwelling, (great) house, residence, mansion, a thing or place dwelt in, home; [ᴱQ.] world” ✧ PE17/164

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
mbardā̆ > barð[mbarda] > [barda] > [barða] > [barð]✧ PE17/164

Variations

  • barð ✧ PE17/164
Sindarin [PE17/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cae

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

Sindarin [Ety/363, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ceven

noun. Earth

Sindarin [VT/44:21,27] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

Sindarin [Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38, R] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dôr

noun. land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land

Cognates

  • Q. -ndor “land, country” ✧ SA/dôr

Derivations

  • ndorē “land” ✧ PE17/164; SA/dôr; WJ/413
    • NDOR “land; hard, firm; [ᴹ√] dwell, stay, rest, abide” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
    • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding”
    • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ndor > -dor[-ndorē] > [-ndore] > [-ndor] > [-dor]✧ PE17/164
ndor > dôr[ndorē] > [ndore] > [dore] > [dor] > [dōr]✧ SA/dôr
ndorē > dôr[ndorē] > [ndore] > [dore] > [dor] > [dōr]✧ WJ/413
ndorē > -ndor > -nor/-nnor[-ndorē] > [-ndore] > [-ndor] > [-nnor]✧ WJ/413

Variations

  • Dor ✧ Let/417; MR/200; PE17/133; S/121; S/188; SI/Doriath; UT/245; UTI/Doriath; WJ/192
  • dor ✧ Let/427; RC/384
  • -dor ✧ PE17/164
  • Dôr ✧ WJ/370
Sindarin [Let/417; Let/427; MR/200; PE17/133; PE17/164; RC/384; S/121; S/188; SA/dôr; SI/Doriath; UT/245; UTI/Doriath; WJ/192; WJ/370; WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dôr

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

Sindarin [Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38, R] Group: SINDICT. Published by

sennas

noun. guesthouse

Sindarin [RC/523] "resting place", from *send, *senn (SED) ?. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ennorath

noun. central lands, middle-earth

Sindarin [LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72-75] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gobel

enclosed dwelling

(i ’obel) (walled house or village, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. göbil.

noss

house

(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

noss

house

(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)

nost

house

(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)

amar

earth

(archaic Ambar), pl. Emair

car

house

(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)

car

house

or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.

bâr

dwelling

bâr (house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds

bâr

dwelling

(house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds

bâr

house

bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

house

(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

earth

(dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

home

bâr (dwelling, house, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

home

(dwelling, house, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

land

(dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

cae

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

cae

earth

(i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also

ceven

earth

1) ceven (i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23), 2) (world) Amar (archaic Ambar), pl. Emair; 3) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; land) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds. 4) (maybe ”earth” as substance) cae (i gae, o chae). No distinct pl. form even if there is a pl., except with article (i chae). For ”earth” as a substance, see also SOIL.

ceven

earth

(i geven, o cheven), pl. cevin (i chevin) (VT48:23)

parth

enclosed grassland

(i barth, o pharth) (field, sward), pl. perth (i pherth);

adab

house

(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.

dôr

land

1) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413), 2) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

dôr

land

(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413)

nand

wide grassland

(construct nan) (valley), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36);

dôr

dwelling place

(i nôr, construct dor) (land, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413).

ennor

place name. central land, middle-earth

Sindarin [LotR/E, X/ND2] Published by

grôd

underground dwelling

(i ’rôd, construct grod) (cave, delving, excavation), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)

rhûd

dwelling underground

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (artificial cave, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid) (PM:365)*.

sennas

guesthouse

(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)

gobel

village

(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.

nothrim

house

(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

Telerin 

cava

noun. house

Cognates

  • Q. cöa “house; outhouse, shed, hut, booth; building used for a dwelling or other purposes; †body” ✧ WJ/369

Element in

Nandorin 

dóri-

noun. land

Isolated from Lindórinan. The independent form of the word may differ; it is unclear where the i of the compound Lindórinan comes from. In the Etymologies, the Eldarin words for "land" are derived from a stem NDOR "dwell, stay, rest, abide" (LR:376).

No Nandorin word is there listed, but Sindarin dor is derived from primitive ndorê. Notice, however, that Tolkien many years later derived the Eldarin words for "land" from a stem DORO "dried up, hard, unyielding" (WJ:413). However, this later source does confirm that the Primitive Quendian form was ndorê, now thought to be formed by initial enrichment d > nd. This is defined as "the hard, dry land as opposed to water or bog", later developing the meaning "land in general as opposed to sea", and finally also "a land" as a particular region, "with more or less defined bounds".

Whether dóri- actually comes from ndorê is highly doubtful (this would rather yield *dora in Nandorin), but it must be derived from the same set of stems.

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger (LR:376, WJ:413)] < Lindórinan. Published by

Adûnaic

dâira

noun. Earth

A noun translated as “Earth” in the final version of the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/247). It may be related to S. dôr “land”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynn (AAD/13).

Conceptual Development: In the Lament of Akallabêth (first draft), this noun appeared as kamāt (SD/311).

Element in

Variations

  • dāira ✧ SD/247

thâni

noun. land

A noun translated “land” (SD/435) appearing in the Adûnaic names for the Blessed Realm: Amatthâni and thâni’nAmân. Its Primitive Adûnaic form was also ✶thāni, though its primitive was glossed “realm" (SD/420).

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • thāni ✧ SD/435

zâyan

noun. land

An Adûnaic word for “land” (SD/423). It has an irregular plural form zâin which is the result of the phonetic change (SD/423): [[pad|medial [w] and [j] vanished before [u] and [i]]]. Thus, the archaic plural changed from †zâyîn > zâîn > zâin.

Conceptual Development: In earlier names this word appeared as zen (SD/378, 385).

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
Ad. zāyīn > *zāīn > zâin[zājīn] > [zāīn] > [zāin]✧ SD/423

Variations

  • zāyan ✧ SD/423
Adûnaic [SD/423; SD/429; SD/435] Group: Eldamo. Published by

zadan

noun. house

A noun translated “house” and fully declined as an example of a Strong I noun (SD/430).

Primitive elvish

keme

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”

Variations

  • kĕmĕ ✧ PE21/80 (kĕmĕ)
Primitive elvish [PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kemen

noun. earth

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth”

Derivatives

  • Q. cemen “the earth; earth, the earth; earth, [ᴹQ.] soil”
  • S. cevenEarth, earth; Earth”
Primitive elvish [PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ndorē

noun. land

Derivations

  • NDOR “land; hard, firm; [ᴹ√] dwell, stay, rest, abide” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
    • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding”
  • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413

Derivatives

  • Q. -ndor “land, country” ✧ SA/dôr
  • Q. nór “land” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
  • Q. nórë “land, country; †people, race, tribe, land, country, [ᴹQ.] region where certain people live, [ᴱQ.] nation; [Q.] †people, race, tribe, [ᴹQ.] folk, [ᴱQ.] family” ✧ PE19/076
  • S. dôr “land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land” ✧ PE17/164; SA/dôr; WJ/413

Element in

  • etlā-ndŏrē “Eglador” ✧ VT42/04; VT42/04
  • mbar-ndor “home land, native land” ✧ PE17/164
  • Q. Endórë “Middle-earth, (lit.) Middle Land” ✧ Let/384
  • Q. Valandor “Land of the Valar” ✧ WJ/413
  • S. Ennor “Middle-earth” ✧ Let/384
  • S. Eriador “Lonely Land” ✧ VT42/04
  • S. Thonador ✧ VT42/04

Variations

  • (n)dor ✧ Let/384
  • ndōr ✧ PE17/106
  • NDŌR/NDŎR- ✧ PE17/107
  • ndor ✧ PE17/164; SA/dôr
  • ndōrē ✧ PE19/076; VT42/04
Primitive elvish [Let/384; PE17/106; PE17/107; PE17/164; PE19/076; SA/dôr; VT42/04; WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ndōro

noun. land

Derivations

  • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413

Derivatives

  • Q. nór “land” ✧ WJ/413
Primitive elvish [WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khas Reconstructed

root. mar

A (hypothetical) root serving as the basis for Q. †χarina and Q. hastaina “marred” from the 1950s and 60s.

Derivatives

Noldorin 

amar

noun. earth

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

amar

noun. Earth

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. Ambar “Earth, World” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit” ✧ Ety/MBAR
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Element in

  • N. Emerin “Middle-earth” ✧ Ety/MBAR
  • N. Gondobar “Stone of the World” ✧ Ety/MBAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MBAR > ambar > amar[ambar] > [ambar] > [ammar] > [amar]✧ Ety/MBAR
Noldorin [Ety/MBAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ambar

noun. earth

Noldorin [Ety/372] Group: SINDICT. Published by

car

noun. house, building

Noldorin [Ety/362] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cardh

noun. house, building

Noldorin [Ety/362] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coe

noun. earth

This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

Noldorin [Ety/363, X/OE] Group: SINDICT. Published by

coe

noun. earth

An indeclinable word given as {cíw >>} coe “earth” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√KEM (Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM).

Possible Etymology: The primitive form of rejected cíw is given as ᴹ✶kēm and its derivation is clear: the long ē became ī and then the final m reduced to w after i as usual. The derivation of coe is more obscure, however. The likeliest explanation is that Tolkien imagined its ancient form with a slightly lowered vowel which he generally represented as ǣ in this period (in later writings as ę̄). According to the first version of the Tengwesta Qenderinwa and Comparative Vowel Tables from the 1930s (PE18/46; PE19/25), ǣ &gt; ei &gt; ai &gt; ae, and in The Etymologies itself, it seems ai often became oe instead of ae.

Neo-Sindarin: Updating the derivation of hypothetical ✱kę̄m would produced ᴺS. cae in Sindarin phonology. But given the obscurity of its derivation, I recommend using 1950s S. ceven for “earth” instead.

Changes

  • cíwcoe ✧ Ety/KEM

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kemen “soil, earth; Great Lands” ✧ Ety/KEM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth” ✧ Ety/KEM
  • ᴹ✶kēm “*earth” ✧ EtyAC/KEM
    • ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth” ✧ Ety/KEM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KEM > coe[kǣm] > [kaim] > [kai] > [koe]✧ Ety/KEM
ᴹ✶kēm > cíw[kēm] > [kīm] > [kīv] > [kīw]✧ EtyAC/KEM

Variations

  • cíw ✧ EtyAC/KEM (cíw)
Noldorin [Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

car(dh)

noun. house, house, *construction, structure

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as car or carð with the gloss “house” under the root ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” (Ety/KAR). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. kar (kard-) was glossed “building, house”.

Neo-Sindarin: Given the meaning of its root, I would use cardh for any kind of building-like construction or structure for purposes of Neo-Sindarin. For an ordinary “house” where people live, I would use S. bâr.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kar “building, house” ✧ Ety/KAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” ✧ Ety/KAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KAR > carð[karda] > [kard] > [karð]✧ Ety/KAR

Variations

  • car ✧ Ety/KAR
  • carð ✧ Ety/KAR

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

Noldorin [Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38, R] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gobel

noun. walled house or village, town

Noldorin [Ety/380] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

mar

noun. home, dwelling, house, habitation; earth

Cognates

  • N. bár “home; earth”
  • Ilk. bar “home”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit” ✧ EtyAC/ÉNED; Ety/GAWA; Ety/MBAR; Ety/TAN; EtyAC/MBAR; EtyAC/SIL; PE19/036
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MBAR > mar[mbar] > [mar]✧ EtyAC/ÉNED
ᴹ√MBAR > mar[mbar] > [mar]✧ Ety/GAWA
ᴹ√MBAR > mar[mbar] > [mar]✧ Ety/MBAR
ᴹ√MBAR > mar[mbar] > [mar]✧ Ety/MBAR
ᴹ√MBAR > mar[mbar] > [mar]✧ Ety/TAN
ᴹ√MBAR > mar[mbar] > [mar]✧ Ety/MBAR
ᴹ√MBAR > mar(d)-[mbarda] > [mbard] > [mard] > [mar]✧ EtyAC/MBAR
ᴹ√[?mbar] > mar(d-)[mbarda] > [mbard] > [mard] > [mar]✧ EtyAC/SIL

Variations

  • már ✧ PE19/036; PE22/108; PE22/108
Qenya [Ety/ÉNED; Ety/GAWA; Ety/MBAR; Ety/TAN; EtyAC/MBAR; EtyAC/SIL; LR/063; LR/072; PE19/036; PE21/19; PE21/27; PE21/69; PE22/108] Group: Eldamo. Published by

marta

adverb. home

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit”
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Variations

  • marta ✧ PE21/25; PE21/27
Qenya [PE21/25; PE21/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. land, region

Changes

  • “hand” ✧ PE21/41

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ “land” ✧ PE21/38

Element in

  • ᴹQ. ilduma “heaven” ✧ PE21/08; PE21/38

Variations

  • ✧ PE21/08 ()
  • mā- ✧ PE21/38 (mā-)
  • ✧ PE21/41; PE21/41 ()
Qenya [PE21/08; PE21/38; PE21/41] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mál

noun. grit

A word in Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s glossed “grit” with various forms representing the inflections of nouns with lost ancient vowels: malǝ- (PE21/19, 24). It may be a later iteration of ᴱQ. mar (mard-) “grit, course grain or powder” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the root ᴱ√MṚŘṚ [MṚÐṚ] “grind” (QL/63). Later still Tolkien gave the primitive form ✶smalŭ with the gloss “dust, grit” in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s, though this primitive form had no derivatives.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer to use ᴹ✶smalu with its 1930s sense “pollen, yellow powder”, as this form has derivatives in The Etymologies (Ety/SMAL), and its root meaning ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” is a better match to the later root √MAL “yellow, gold”. I think it is possible to retain ᴹQ. mál “grit”, however, by assuming that it is a derivative of ᴹ√MBAL “✱pound”, which is a better match with 1910s ᴱQ. mar < ᴱ√MṚÐṚ “grind”.

Variations

  • māl ✧ PE21/24
Qenya [PE21/19; PE21/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mar(dar)

adverb. homewards

An “old short allative” form appear in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with suffixal -r, with both monosyllabic mar and longer mardar (PE21/25, 27). Tolkien said the longer for mardar was “less usual” (PE21/27), but it is more distinct from már “home”. This allative variant is probably related to ᴹQ. tar “thither” < ᴹ✶tad from later in the 1930s (Ety/TA; PE19/52).

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶mart “homewards” ✧ PE21/27
    • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit”
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Variations

  • mardar ✧ PE21/25; PE21/27
  • mar ✧ PE21/25; PE21/27
Qenya [PE21/25; PE21/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hún

noun. earth, earth, *ground

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.

Variations

  • hun ✧ PE21/19
Qenya [PE21/19; PE21/24; PE21/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

dôr

noun. land

A Doriathrin noun for “land” (EtyAC/NDOR) apparently from primitive ᴹ✶ndorē (Ety/NDOR). If its primitive form indeed had a short [o], then this word may be an example of how short vowels sometimes lengthened in monosyllables in Ilkorin.

Cognates

  • N. dôr “land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live” ✧ Ety/NDOR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ndorē “land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live” ✧ Ety/NDOR
    • ᴹ√NDOR “dwell, stay, rest, abide” ✧ Ety/NDOR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶ndorē > dôr[ndorē] > [ndore] > [ndor] > [ndōr] > [dōr]✧ Ety/NDOR

Variations

  • Dor ✧ Ety/THŌN
Doriathrin [Ety/THŌN; EtyAC/NDOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bar Reconstructed

noun. home

A noun meaning something like “home” attested only in compounds like Eglamar “Elvenhome”.

Cognates

  • N. bár “home; earth”
  • ᴹQ. mar “home, dwelling, house, habitation; earth”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit”
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Element in

Old Noldorin 

mbar

noun. home

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit” ✧ Ety/MBAR
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Derivatives

  • N. bár “home; earth” ✧ EtyAC/MBAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MBAR > mbar[mbar]✧ Ety/MBAR
Old Noldorin [EtyAC/MBAR; PE21/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

mart

adverb. homewards

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MBAR “dwell, inhabit”
    • ᴹ√BAR “raise; uplift, save, rescue(?)” ✧ Ety/BAR

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. mar(dar) “homewards” ✧ PE21/27
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. land

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. “land, region” ✧ PE21/38

Variations

  • mā- ✧ PE21/38
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/38] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

mar

noun. Earth, ground, soil

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “Earth, ground, soil”, apparently derived from the root ᴱ√mar- (GL/56). Tolkien also had G. Môr “the Earth”, so perhaps mar mainly meant “earth” in the more ordinary senses. For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I’d use later S. ceven for “earth”.

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MARA “*sand, soil” ✧ GL/56

Element in

Variations

  • Mar ✧ GL/18; GL/56
Gnomish [GL/18; GL/56] Group: Eldamo. Published by

baur

noun. house

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶mbāră ✧ PE13/116; PE13/116

Variations

  • bawr ✧ PE13/116

redhos

noun. land

-vran

suffix. dwelling

A suffixal form of G. brann (GL/24); see S. barthan for discussion.

Cognates

Variations

  • -vron ✧ GL/24

-vron

suffix. dwelling

gwast

noun. dwelling

A noun for “dwelling” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√[[ep|ŋwa[ð]-]] (GL/47).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ŊWAÐA “tarry, linger” ✧ GL/47

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ŋwa- > gwast[ŋʷaðt] > [ŋgʷaðt] > [gʷaðt] > [gʷaðt]✧ GL/47

Early Noldorin

bâr

noun. house

Element in

Variations

  • bar ✧ PE13/122; PE13/138
Early Noldorin [PE13/120; PE13/122; PE13/128; PE13/138; PE13/156] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

mara

root. *sand, soil

A root appearing in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as root {ᴱ√MAŘA² >>} ᴱ√MARA that Tolkien indicated was a dialectical variation or byform of ᴱ√MṚŘṚ [MṚÐṚ] “grind”, with a single derivative: ᴱQ. marilla “pearl” (QL/59). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, G. brithla “pearl” was most likely a derivative of ᴱ√MṚÐṚ (GL/24). However, in the m-section of GL Tolkien said “mar and môr probably conceal two roots and a confusion [with] mbara”, with various apparent derivatives of mar- such as G. mar “Earth, ground, soil”, G. marol “sand” and G. Môr “the Earth” (GL/56). Tolkien also had G. mara- “dwell”, but it appeared before a variant (m)bara and so likely was derived from ᴱ√MBARA “dwell, live” as mentioned in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/60). As for ᴱ√MARA² itself, it may have meant “✱sand, soil”.

Changes

  • MAŘA²MARA ✧ QL/059

Derivatives

  • Eq. marilla “pearl” ✧ QL/059
  • G. mar “Earth, ground, soil” ✧ GL/56
  • G. marol “sand” ✧ GL/56
  • G. Môr “The Earth” ✧ GL/56

Variations

  • mar ✧ GL/56
  • mar- ✧ GL/58
  • MARA ✧ QL/059 (MARA)
  • MAŘA² ✧ QL/059 (MAŘA²)
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/56; GL/58; QL/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sōđā

noun. house

Derivations

Element in

  • ᴱ✶saχsōđa “house of fire” ✧ PE12/021; QL/081

Variations

  • þōra ✧ QL/081
Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/021; QL/081] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

mar

masculine name. Mar

Another name for Aule in an very early name list of the Valar (PE14/12). It seems to be mar “Earth” used as a name.

Cognates

Variations

  • Aule Mar ✧ PE15/08
Early Quenya [GL/18; PE14/012; PE15/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mar

noun. house, home, dwelling (of men); -land, the Earth

Cognates

  • G. bar “home, dwelling” ✧ PE15/21; LT1A/Eldamar

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MBARA “dwell, live” ✧ QL/060

Element in

  • Eq. Marasan “Tuesday”
  • Eq. Eldamar “Elfhome, Elfland” ✧ LT1A/Eldamar
  • Eq. ilumar “dwelling beyond the stars for the blessed” ✧ QL/042
  • Eq. Noldomar “Gnomeland”
  • Eq. i·mar tye “that house (of yours)” ✧ PE14/055
  • Eq. marda “world” ✧ LT1A/Eldamar
  • Eq. mardo “dweller” ✧ LT1A/Eldamar; QL/060
  • Eq. markirya “ark”
  • Eq. Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva “Cottage of the Lost Play” ✧ LT1A/Eldamar; LT1A/Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva; PE14/047
  • Eq. mar vanwa·tyalien “*cottage of the lost play” ✧ PE14/047
  • Eq. Ondomar
  • Eq. Ondostamar
  • Eq. tyenda mar “that house (of yours)” ✧ PE14/055
  • Eq. Valmar “House or City of the Gods”
  • Eq. Vilmar “dwelling of Manwe in the high airs”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MBARA > mar[mbar] > [mar]✧ QL/060

Variations

  • mar ✧ LT1A/Eldamar; PE14/055; PE15/21; PE15/74; QL/042 (mar); QL/060
  • Mar ✧ LT1A/Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva; PE14/047
  • mař ✧ PME/060
Early Quenya [LT1A/Eldamar; LT1A/Mar Vanwa Tyaliéva; PE14/047; PE14/055; PE15/21; PE15/74; PME/060; QL/042; QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mar

noun. grit, coarse grain or powder

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MṚŘṚ > mar[mṛð] > [marð] > [mard] > [mar]✧ QL/063

Variations

  • mar ✧ QL/063
Early Quenya [QL/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

indo

noun. house

A word for “house” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√IŘI [IÐI] “dwell” (QL/43). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43).

Cognates

  • G. ind “house, abode” ✧ LT2A/Idril

Derivations

  • ᴱ√IÐI “dwell‽” ✧ LT2A/Idril; QL/043

Element in

  • Eq. indor “master of house” ✧ LT2A/Idril; QL/043
  • Eq. iluin(do) “dwelling beyond the stars for the blessed” ✧ QL/042
  • Eq. indolis “domicile” ✧ QL/043
  • Eq. indositsina “domestic(ated)” ✧ QL/043
  • Eq. indoite “indoors, at home, homely, domestic” ✧ QL/043

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√IŘI > indo[inðō] > [inðo] > [indo]✧ QL/043
Early Quenya [LT2A/Idril; PE16/132; PME/043; QL/042; QL/043] Group: Eldamo. Published by