A shorter ending -na also occurs, e.g. nahtana "slain" (VT49:24); the example hastaina "marred" would suggest that *nahtaina is equally possible. In the example aistana "blessed" (VT43:30), -na may be preferred to -ina for euphonic reasons, to avoid creating a second diphthong ai where one already occurs in the previous syllable (*aistaina). In PE17:68, the ending -ina is said to be "aorist" (unmarked as regards time and aspect); the same source states that the shorter ending -na is "no longer part of verbal conjugation", though it obviously survives in many words that are maybe now to be considered independent adjectives. See -na #4.
Quenya
hastaina
adjective. marred
Element in
- Q. Arda Hastaina “Arda Marred” ✧ MR/254
Elements
Word Gloss hasta- “to mar” -ina “adjective suffix; passive participle” Variations
- Hastaina ✧ MR/254
hasta-
mar
hasta-
verb. to mar
Derivations
- √KHAS “mar”
Element in
- Q. alahasta “unmarred”
- ᴺQ. alahastaima “incorruptable”
- ᴺQ. alahastima “incorruptable”
- Q. hastaina “marred” ✧ MR/254
- ᴺQ. hastalë “corruption”
- ᴺQ. hastima “corruptible”
χarina
adjective. marred
Derivations
- √KHAS “mar”
Element in
- Q. Arda Harina “Arda Marred” ✧ PE17/150
- Q. úχarin “unmarred” ✧ PE17/150
-na
suffix. slain
harin
marred
*harin adj. "marred" (PE17:150). The word is given as χarin*, where the initial Greek chi presumably represents [x]; in later [MET] pronunciation and spelling, this would become harin**.
nanca
slain
nanca adj. *"slain" (PE17:68); see -na
-ina
general 'passive' participle
-ina ending for what Tolkien called "general 'passive' participle" (VT43:15); compare nótina "counted", rácina "broken", hastaina "marred" (q.v.). The stem-vowel is usually lengthened when the ending is added to the stem of a primary verb (as in the two first examples above), though the lengthening fails to occur (or is not denoted) in carina as the passive participle of car- "make, do" (VT43:15).
sahta
adjective. marred
Derivations
- ᴹ√SAK “?hurt, injury”
Element in
- Q. Arda Sahta “Arda Marred” ✧ MR/405
Variations
- Sahta ✧ MR/405
úvana
adjective. marred
Element in
- Q. Arda Úvana “Arda Marred” ✧ PE17/150
Elements
Word Gloss ú- “no, not, un-, in-; hard, difficult, bad, uneasy; hardly, with difficulty, ‘badly’” vanya “fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden), fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden); [ᴱQ.] good (not evil), holy” Variations
- Úvana ✧ PE17/150
harina Reconstructed
adjective. marred
#hasta- vb. "mar"(verbal stem isolated from the passive participle hastaina "marred"). (MR:254)