au

away

au (2) adv. "away", of position rather than movement (compare oa). PE17:148

au

away from

o (3) prep.? variant (along with au and va) of the stem awa "away from" (VT49:24). It is uncertain whether this o is a Quenya word; Patrick Wynne suggests it could be the first element of the preposition ollo "away from" (ibid.)

au

adverb. away, off, not here (of position)

Derivations

• √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/143; PE17/148

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√AWA/WĀ > au	[au-]	✧ PE17/143
√AWA/WĀ > au	[au-]	✧ PE17/148

Variations

• au ✧ PE17/144; PE17/148

au

adverb. if only

Derivations

• ✶(au)be “not so” ✧ PE22/139

Element in

• Q. au kestanellen! “if only you had asked me!” ✧ PE22/139 (au kestanellen!)
• Q. au túlielde (las)! “if only you had come (were here)” ✧ PE22/140
• Q. au tuluvanye “I wish/would I were coming” ✧ PE22/139 (au tuluvanye)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶au > au	[au-]	✧ PE22/139

Variations

• au ✧ PE22/139 (au); PE22/140

au-

off, *away

au- (1) a verbal prefix "off, *away", as in auciri ("k") "cut off" (so as to get rid of or lose a portion); contrast hóciri (WJ:366, 368). Compare au as a variant of the stem awa "away from" (VT49:24) and the adverb au (see #2 below).

au-

prefix. away (from)

Cognates

• T. au- “away” ✧ WJ/365

Derivations

• √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/024; VT49/24
• ✶awa- “away” ✧ WJ/365
  • √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/143; WJ/365

Element in

• ᴺQ. aucelië “sewer, (lit.) away-flowing”
• Q. aucir- “to cut off (and get rid of or lose a portion)” ✧ WJ/365
• ᴺQ. auhanta “refuse, trash, garbage, (lit.) thing thrown away”
• ᴺQ. aulerya- “to rid, free somebody of something”
• ᴺQ. aumanca- “to sell, (lit.) trade away”
• ᴺQ. aumapando “abductor, (lit.) away-seizer”
• ᴺQ. aumenta- “to dismiss, divorce, (lit.) away-send”
• ᴺQ. aupenya “complete, without lack”
• ᴺQ. aupsar- “to wipe away”
• ᴺQ. auquer- “to reject, (lit.) turn away”
• ᴺQ. ausatië “especially, (lit.) setting aside”
• ᴺQ. autulya- “to deport, (lit.) bring away”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶au/awa > au-	[au-]	✧ WJ/365

Variations

• au ✧ VT49/24; WJ/368
• o ✧ VT49/24

oa

öa, öar

oa (1), also oar ("öa, öar"), adverbs, "away", with the idea of movement away (WJ:366, gloss in VT39:6). Compare au #2.

va

from

va prep. "from" (VT43:20; prefixed in the form var- in var-úra "from evil", VT43:24). In VT49:24, va, au and o are quoted as variants of the stem awa "away from".

-va

from

-va possessive ending, presumably related to the preposition va "from". In Eldaliéva, Ingoldova, miruvóreva, Oroméva, rómeva, Valinóreva (q.v. for references), Follondiéva, Hyallondiéva (see under turmen for references). Following a consonant, the ending instead appears as -wa (andamacilwa "of the long sword", PE17:147, rómenwa *"of the East", PE17:59). Pl. -vë when governing a plural word (from archaic -vai) (WJ:407), but it seems that -va was used throughout in late Exilic Quenya (cf. miruvóreva governing the plural word yuldar in Namárië). Pl. -iva (-ivë*), dual -twa, partitive pl. -líva**.

öar

adverb. away from

Cognates

• T. avad “away from” ✧ WJ/366

Derivations

• √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ WJ/364
• ✶awā-da ✧ WJ/366

Element in

• Q. Oärel “Elf who left Middle-earth for Aman” ✧ WJ/366

Elements

Word	Gloss
öa	“away (of movement)”
-r	“motion to or towards a point, motion to or towards a point, *archaic allative”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√AWA > öar	[awāda] > [awād] > [awāð] > [oað] > [oar]	✧ WJ/364
✶awā-da > öar	[awāda] > [awād] > [awāð] > [oað] > [oar]	✧ WJ/366

ollo

away from

ollo (2) prep. "away from" (VT49:24)

ollo

preposition. away from

hó-

away, from, from among

hó- verbal prefix; "away, from, from among", the point of view being outside the thing, place, or group in thought (WJ:368)

ho

from

ho prep. "from" (3O); cf. hó-

ló

from

ló, lo (2) prep. "from", also used = "by" introducing the agent after a passive construction: nahtana ló Turin *"slain by Túrin" (VT49:24). A similar and possibly identical form is mentioned in the Etymologies as being somehow related to the ablative ending -llo, but is not there clearly defined (VT45:28). At one point, Tolkien suggested that lo rather than the ending -llo was used with proper names (lo Manwë rather than Manwello for "from Manwë"), but this seems to have been a short-lived idea (VT49:24).

o

preposition. from

Derivations

• ✶ăwă “from” ✧ PE17/148
  • √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/148
• ✶hō “from, coming from, as described by a genitive” ✧ PE22/168
  • √HO “from, coming from” ✧ WJ/361

Variations

• ō ✧ PE22/168

o

preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)

According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

od

preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)

According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

ego

interjection. be off!

o

preposition. from

_ prep. _from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'.

o

preposition. from

_ prep. _from. . This gloss was rejected.

o

of

(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.

e

away

ed (out, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)

gwachae

away

1) (adj.) gwachae (remote), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir). 2) (adv.) e, ed (out, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)

gwachae

away

(remote), lenited ’wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch *(PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir)*.         

au

adverb. away

Cognates

• Q. öa “away (of movement)” ✧ WJ/366

Derivations

• ✶awā “away” ✧ WJ/366
  • √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ WJ/361; WJ/365

au-

prefix. away

Cognates

• Q. au- “away (from)” ✧ WJ/365

Derivations

• ✶awa- “away” ✧ WJ/365
  • √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/143; WJ/365

avad

adverb. away from

Cognates

• Q. öar “away from” ✧ WJ/366

Derivations

• ✶awā-da ✧ WJ/366

ho

preposition. from

Derivations

• ✶ʒō “from” ✧ PE21/78

-ô

preposition. from

A prepositional suffix translated “from” (SD/429). In a few places, the suffix appears with the glide-consonant v (pronounced [w]) between it and a preceding u-vowel (SD/247, 249). It is likely related to the Quenya genitive inflection Q. -o.

Conceptual Development: At an earlier conceptual stage, this suffix was a grammatical inflection, the draft-genitive -ō (SD/438).

Cognates

• Q. -o “of; genitive ending”

Element in

• Ad. Bârim an-Adûn yurahtam dâira sâibêth-mâ Êruvô “Lords of [the] West, they rent [the] Earth with assent from Eru” ✧ SD/247; SD/249
• Ad. bārun an-adūn {urahhata >>} urahta dāira sāibēth-mā ēruvō ✧ SD/247
• Ad. Indilzar Azrabêlôhin “*Line of Elros [son] of Earendil” ✧ SD/365; SD/382

Variations

• -o ✧ SD/365
• ō ✧ SD/429

-ak Reconstructed

preposition. away

A suffix in the word êphalak “far away”, a derivative of êphal “far” (SD/247). Some authors have suggested that -ak is an intensive suffix “very” instead of suffix meaning “away” (LGtAG, NBA/32). However, the corresponding Quenya word vahai(y)a “far away” is a combination va “(away) from” and haiya “far”, so it seems to me that the literal translation “away” is more likely to be correct (this translation of va was published after LGtAG and NBA were written).

Element in

• Ad. êphalak “far away”

au-

prefix. away

Derivations

• √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ WJ/361

Element in

• ✶aumata- “to eat away, corrode”

(au)be

adverb. not so

Changes

• ve → be ✧ PE22/139

Derivatives

• Q. au “if only” ✧ PE22/139

Variations

• be ✧ PE22/139
• aube ✧ PE22/139
• au ✧ PE22/139 (au); PE22/139 (au)
• ve ✧ PE22/139 (ve)

awā

adverb. away

Derivations

• √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ WJ/361; WJ/365

Derivatives

• Q. öa “away (of movement)” ✧ WJ/366
• T. au “away” ✧ WJ/366

Element in

• ✶awā-da ✧ WJ/366

ăwă

preposition. from

Derivations

• √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/148

Derivatives

• Q. o “from” ✧ PE17/148
• S. o “from, of” ✧ PE17/148

awa-

prefix. away

Derivations

• √WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/143; WJ/365

Derivatives

• Q. au- “away (from)” ✧ WJ/365
• Q. ú “without, destitute of” ✧ PE17/144
• T. au- “away” ✧ WJ/365

Element in

• ✶aw(a)delo ✧ WJ/360
• ✶awādelo ✧ WJ/360
• ✶wādelo ✧ WJ/360
• Q. avatyar- “*to forgive, (lit.) do away with”

Variations

• awa ✧ WJ/360
• au/awa ✧ WJ/365

gō

preposition. from

ʒō

preposition. from

Derivatives

• T. ho “from” ✧ PE21/78

Variations

• ʒō̆ ✧ PE21/78

o

preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)

According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin