au

adverb. away, off, not here (of position)

An adverb meaning “away” derived from √AWA in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) written in 1959 (PE17/144, 148). In one of these notes it was glossed “off, away, not here, of pos[ition]” and contrast with öa meaning “away of movement” (PE17/144). In another place in the same document, adverbial au was contrasted with prepositional o (PE17/148).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. au “away from” appeared all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√AVA “go away, depart, leave”, but there Tolkien marked it with a “?” and said it was especially used as a prefix as opposed to adverbial ᴱQ. vá (QL/33). In Tolkien’s later writings, va is usually prefixal or prepositional.

Neo-Quenya: See öa for my recommendations for Neo-Quenya usage.

au

away

au (2) adv. "away", of position rather than movement (compare oa). PE17:148

au

away from

o (3) prep.? variant (along with au and va) of the stem awa "away from" (VT49:24). It is uncertain whether this o is a Quenya word; Patrick Wynne suggests it could be the first element of the preposition ollo "away from" (ibid.)

au

adverb. if only

au-

prefix. away (from)

A prefix meaning “away” derived from √AWA of similar meaning (PE17/24). In one note from the late 1960s, it had variants o and va (VT49/24). In the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60, Tolkien further specified that it meant “away from the speaker or the place of his thought” (WJ/365) and thus could not be used with verbs like tul- “come” indicating motion towards something (WJ/368). For these other senses of “away (from)”, the prefix hó- is used instead; see that entry.

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. au “away from” was mentioned as a prefix in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√AVA (QL/33).

au-

off, *away

au- (1) a verbal prefix "off, *away", as in auciri ("k") "cut off" (so as to get rid of or lose a portion); contrast hóciri (WJ:366, 368). Compare au as a variant of the stem awa "away from" (VT49:24) and the adverb au (see #2 below).

au-

without

au- (3) privative prefix, = "without" (AWA)

aucir-

verb. to cut off (and get rid of or lose a portion)

A verb in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 translated “cut off so that a portion is lost or no longer available” (WJ/365) and “cut off and get rid of or lose a portion” (WJ/368), a combination of au- “away (from the speaker)” and cir- “cut” (WJ/365, 368).

au, auve

particle. might(have), would(have); if only (”the ’remoter’ particle”)

au kestanellen!

if only you had asked me!

au tuluvanye

I wish/would I were coming

au túlielde (las)!

if only you had come (were here)

únotë(a)

adjective. not counted, uncounted

A word appearing as au- or únote(a) “not counted, uncounted” in notes from 1959 (PE17/144), based on √NOT “count”.

(ai)que kestanellen, (ai) tullenye

if you had asked me, I should have come

ú

preposition/adverb. without, destitute of

@@@ with object of the preposition in the genitive: ú calo “without light”

-enca

without, -less

-enca suffix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. nec-, q.v.

ava-

without

ava- (3) prefix "without" (AR2, AWA). In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" (q.v.)

hó-

away, from, from among

hó- verbal prefix; "away, from, from among", the point of view being outside the thing, place, or group in thought (WJ:368)

nec-

without, -less

nec- prefix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. -enca, q.v.

nec-

prefix. without

ollo

away from

ollo (2) prep. "away from" (VT49:24)

ollo

preposition. away from

pen

without, not having

[pen prep. "without, not having" (PE17:171). Cf. Ú #1.]

ú

without, destitute of

ú (1) adv. and prep. "without, destitute of" (VT39:14). Usually followed by genitive: ú calo "without light" (cala). In one source, ú is seemingly also used as a negative verb "was not" (VT49:13), but Tolkien revised the text in question.

au

adverb. away

au-

prefix. away

avad

adverb. away from

au-

prefix. away

(au)be

adverb. not so

awa-

prefix. away

awā

adverb. away

-ak Reconstructed

preposition. away

A suffix in the word êphalak “far away”, a derivative of êphal “far” (SD/247). Some authors have suggested that -ak is an intensive suffix “very” instead of suffix meaning “away” (LGtAG, NBA/32). However, the corresponding Quenya word vahai(y)a “far away” is a combination va “(away) from” and haiya “far”, so it seems to me that the literal translation “away” is more likely to be correct (this translation of va was published after LGtAG and NBA were written).

ego

interjection. be off!

pen

preposition. without, lacking, -less

pen-

without

(ben-) _ pref. _without,**less. pen-adar 'fatherless'. >> ben-, ú-

ar

without

(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)

ar

without

(outside)

e

away

ed (out, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)

gwa

adverb. away

gwachae

away

1. (adj.) gwachae (remote), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir). 2) (adv.) e, ed (out, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)

gwachae

away

(remote), lenited ’wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch *(PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir)*.         

pen

without

1. pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)

pen

without

(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.

ú

without

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

ú

without

u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in: