Early Quenya
qolda
adjective. ill
qolina
adjective. ill
There are more words but they are from Tolkien's earlier conceptional periods. Tolkien likely changed these words as he evolved the aesthetics and completeness of the languages. You may even find languages that Tolkien later rejected. Do not mix words from different time periods unless you are familiar with the phonetic developments.
Below: Tolkien's Late Period (1950–1973). These are from Tolkien's late conceptual period — his most settled forms of the languages. Prefer these over the earlier ones above when composing new text.
The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had several similar adjectives under the early root ᴱ√QOLO: ᴱQ. qolda or qolina “ill” and ᴱQ. qolima “sickly, ailing” (QL/78).
Neo-Quenya: I’d adopt ᴺQ. quolina for all these meanings: “ill, sickly, ailing”. I would further assume it applies to any kind of physical ailment, including injury. For someone sick specifically by disease I would use [ᴺQ.] hlaiwa. Not all Neo-Quenya writers accept quo- as a valid combination; see the entry on how [[q|[wo] became [o]]] for further discussion.