[setta, setya adj. "first" (possibly also "primary", but Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible) (VT46:13)]
Quenya
se
he, she, it
setta
first
sérë
rest, repose, peace
sérë noun "rest, repose, peace" (SED, VT44:35); see under úyë concerning the sentence úyë sérë indo-ninya símen in Fíriel's Song
sanca
cleft, split
sanca (þ) ("k") noun? (or adj, or both?) "cleft, split" (STAK)
ser-
rest
ser- vb. "rest" (1st pers. aorist serin "I rest"); pa.t. probably *sendë since the R of ser- was originally D (cf. stem SED; compare rer- pa.t. rendë from RED concerning the past tense)
sa
it
sa pron. "it", 3rd person sg, corresponding to the ending -s (VT49:30). Used of inanimate things or abstracts (VT49:37; plants are considered animate; see se). For sa as object, cf. the sentence ecë nin carë sa "I can do it" (VT49:34). Stressed sá (VT49:51). Ósa "with it" (VT43:36). Also compare the reflexive pronoun insa "itself", q.v. In one text, sa is also defined as "that" (VT49:18); apparently Tolkien also at one point considered giving sa a plural significance, so that it meant *"they, them" of inanimate things, the counterpart of "personal" té (VT49:51).
sanda
name
[sanda, sandë] (þ) (2) noun "name" (VT46:16)
sanya
name
[sanya] (þ) (2) noun ?"name" (reading of gloss uncertain, VT46:16)
savin elessar ar <u>i</u> nánë aran ondórëo
that
i (3) conj. "that". Savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo "I believe that Elessar really existed and that [he] was a king of Gondor" (VT49:27), savin…i E[lesarno] quetië naitë *"I believe that Elessars speaking [is] true" (VT49:28) Also cf. nai, nái "be it that" (see nai #1), which may seem to incorporate this conjunction.
solmë
wave
solmë noun "wave" (LT1:266)
sa
conjunction. that
sa
pronoun. it
sana
that
eques
saying, dictum, a quotation from someone's uttered words, a current or proverbial dictum
eques (equess-, as in pl. equessi) noun "a saying, dictum, a quotation from someone's uttered words, a current or proverbial dictum" (WJ:392); I Equessi Rúmilo "the Sayings of Rúmil" (WJ:398)
falastanë
surging
falastanë participle (?) "surging", falastanéro vb. "was loud with surf" (MC:213, 220; this is "Qenya" - the participle "surging" is falastala in Tolkien's later Quenya)
talas
sole
talas noun "sole" (LT2:347; Tolkien's later Quenya has tallunë)
Falastur
shore-lord
Falastur masc. name, *"Shore-lord" (Appendix A)
eressë
solitude
eressë noun "solitude" (ERE). In early "Qenya", eressë was an adjective or adverb: "singly, only, alone" (LT1:269).
falas
shore, beach
falas (falass-), falassë noun "shore, beach" (LT1:253, LT2:339); falassë "shore, line of surf" (SA:falas), "shore especially one exposed to great waves and breakers" (VT42:15), "beach" (PHAL/PHÁLAS); Falassë Númëa place-name "Western Surf" (LT1:253), Andafalassë "Langstrand" (PE17:135)
hresta
shore, beach
hresta noun "shore, beach", ablative hrestallo *"from (the) shore" in Markirya
yaisa
steel
yaisa noun "steel" (GL:37)
eressë
noun. solitude, [ᴹQ.] solitude; [ᴱQ.] alone, by oneself, singly, only; once
esta
first
esta (2) adj. "first" (ESE/ESET); this entry was marked with a query. The word Yestarë (q.v.) "Beginning-day" in LotR suggests that Tolkien decided to change the stem in question to _YESE/YESET_. We could then read *yesta for esta (but later this became a noun "beginning" rather than an adj. "first", PE17:120) and also prefix a y to the other words derived from ESE/ESET (essë* > yessë, essëa > yessëa). Estanossë noun "the firstborn", read likewise Yestanossë** (*Yestanessi?) but in a later text, Tolkien used Minnónar (q.v.) for "the Firstborn" as a name of the Elves, and this form may be preferred. _(In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word _Estanossë is cited as "Estanesse", but according to VT45:12, the second-to-last vowel is actually o in Tolkien's manuscript.)
yesta
noun. beginning, beginning, *start
@@@ gloss “start” suggested by Robert Reynolds
Este
noun. Rest
Rest
Estë
repose, rest
Estë fem. name "Repose, Rest" _(WJ:403, EZDĒ, SED), only used as name of a Valië (WJ:404)_
escë
rustle, noise of leaves
[escë] ("k") noun "rustle, noise of leaves" (EZGE)
etsë
outside, exterior
etsë noun "outside, exterior", glosses changed from ?"issuing" and ?"spring" (VT45:13)
hyatsë
cleft, gash
hyatsë noun "cleft, gash" (SYAD), apparently changed by Tolkien from hyassë (VT46:16)
ciris
cleft, crack
ciris _("k")_noun "cleft, crack" (LT2:337 - obsoleted by cirissë?)
ercassë
holly
ercassë ("k") noun "holly" (ERÉK)
eressëa
lonely
eressëa adj. "lonely" (ERE, LT1:269), "solitary" (cf. Letters:386). Eressëa place-name "Lonely (One)", often used by itself for Tol Eressëa, the Lonely Isle (Silm) or Solitary Isle (Letters:386, footnote)
essë
name
essë (1) noun "name", also later name of Tengwa #31, originally (MET) called árë (ázë). (Appendix E). With a pronominal ending esselya "thy name" (VT43:14). Pl. #essi in PM:339 and MR:470, gen.pl. #esseron "of names" in the compound Nómesseron (q.v.); we would rather have expected *ession, given the nom.pl. essi; perhaps #esser is a valid alternative plural form. Essecarmë noun "name-making" (MR:214, 470), Eldarin ceremony where the father announces the name of his child. Essecenta *("k") noun "Name-essay" (see centa) (MR:415); Essecilmë noun "name-choosing", an Eldarin ceremony where a child named him- or herself according to personal lámatyávë (q.v.) (MR:214, 471). The meaning Tolkien originally assigned to the word essë** in the Etymologies was "place" rather than "name" (VT45:12).
essë
he
essë (2) pron? "he" (and also "she, it"?), possible emphatic 3rd sg. emphatic pronoun, attested in the sentence essë úpa nas "he is dumb" (PE17:126)
essë
beginning
essë (3) noun "beginning" (ESE/ESET). This entry was marked by a query in Etym, and a word in the appendices to LotR suggests that it was emended to *YESE/YESET; we may therefore read *yessë for essë. (See esta #2.) However, for the purposes of writing the form yesta "beginning" from PE17:120 may be preferred.
esta-
to name
esta- (1) vb. "to name" (ES, VT45:12). In an earlier form of the relevant entry in the Etymologies, Tolkien let esta- mean "to place, set, plant" (VT45:12); a deleted entry SET also had esta- "precede" (VT46:13)
falasta-
to foam
falasta- vb. "to foam", participle falastala "foaming, surging" in Markirya
yesta
beginning
yesta (2) noun "beginning" (PE17:120). Also attested in the compound yestarë (see below), but cf. esta #2.
essë
noun. name
eressëa
adjective. lonely
esse
noun. name
esta-
verb. name
i, antevokaliskt in
conjunction. that
engwa
adjective. sickly
ailinë
shore, beach
#ailinë (nominative uncertain) noun "shore, beach" (in Tolkien's later Quenya rather hresta). Only attested in inflected forms: sg. ablative ailinello "shore-from" (MC:213), sg. locative ailinisse "on shore" (MC:221), pl. locative ailissen "on beaches" (for *ailinissen?) (MC:221)
ecco
spine
ecco ("k") noun "spine". (In the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry EK/EKTE, the gloss is given as "spear", but according to VT45:12 this is a misreading of Tolkien's manuscript.)
tuilë
spring, spring-time
tuilë noun "spring, spring-time", also used = "dayspring, early morn" (VT39:7, TUY), in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but also used without any exact definition. Cf. tuilérë, q.v. (Appendix D) - In early "Qenya", the word tuilë is glossed "Spring", but it is said that it literally refers to a "budding", also used collectively for "buds, new shoots, fresh green" (LT1:269). Cf. tuima in Tolkien's later Quenya.
en(a)
adverb. still
@@@ is more frequently used to refer to future, not past
Falanyel
shore-singers
Falanyel (Falanyeld-, as in pl. Falanyeldi), noun, (in the pl.) a name of the Teleri, apparently *"Shore-singers" (PHAL/PHÁLAS)
en
still
en (2), also ena, adv. "still"; quetir en "they still say" (PE17:167)
enenquë
cardinal. sixteen
enenquë cardinal "sixteen" (VT48:21)
enga
save
enga prep. "save" (= except) (FS)
engwa
sickly
engwa adj. "sickly"; nominal pl. Engwar "the Sickly", Elvish name of Mortal Men (Silm, GENG-WĀ)
enquë
cardinal. six
enquë ("q") cardinal "six" (ÉNEK, VT48:4, 6, 9, VT49:57); enquëa ordinal "sixth" (VT42:25); see also enquië. According to VT48:8, the word for "six" may have been encë ("k") in very early Quenya (the form is asterisked by Tolkien), but this was altered to enquë under the influence of yunquë "twelve" (perceived as meaning "2 times 6", *yú-enquë, with the prefix yú- "twi-").
equë
say/says
equë vb. "say/says" or "said" (a tenseless pseudo-verb used to introduce quotations or a "that"-construction); with affixes equen "said I", eques "said he/she" (WJ:392, 415)
erda
solitary, deserted
erda adj. "solitary, deserted" (LT1:269)
erdë
seed, germ
erdë (1) noun "seed, germ" (ERÉD, VT45:12)
erdë
singularity
erdë (2) noun "singularity", the person as a whole (MR:216)
erinqua
single, alone
erinqua adj. "single, alone" (VT42:10)
erya
single, sole
erya adj. "single, sole" (ERE)
falmar
sea-spirit, nymph
falmar, falmarin (falmarind- or simply falmarin- as in pl. falmarindi [or falmarini]) noun "sea-spirit, nymph" (PHAL/PHÁLAS)
núta-
set, sink
núta- vb. "set, sink" (of Sun or Moon) (NDŪ). In early "Qenya", the word was glossed "stoop, sink" (LT1:263)
quainquë
cardinal. sixteen
quainquë, cardinal "sixteen" (but enenquë may be preferred) (VT48:21)
téma
noun. series
series
téma#
noun. series
series
enenquë
cardinal. sixteen
enquë
cardinal. six
enquëa
ordinal. sixth
tuilë
noun. spring, spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, [ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green
erdë
noun. singularity
rëa
adjective. single
téma
noun. series, series, [ᴹQ.] row, line
aiano
noun. stranger
hinna
adverb. still
rea
adjective. single
yessë
noun. beginning
yestië
noun. beginning
erdë
repose
erdë (3) noun "repose" (marked by Tolkien with an "X", perhaps indicating that he considered dropping this form to eliminate homophones)(VT46:12). Compare sérë.
fainu-
release
fainu- vb. "release" (LT1:250). Rather lerya- or sen- in Tolkien's later Quenya.
rómen
east
rómen, Rómen noun "east" (RŌ, MEN, SA:men), "uprising, sunrise, east" (SA:rómen); also name of tengwa #25 (Appendix E). Possessive form rómenwa (PE17:59).Variant hrómen, PE17:18. Rómenna, a place in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative "eastward" (SA:rómen), cf. also rómenna in LR:47, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "[to one] from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those from the East" in his rendering of Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67, PE17:59; Romello with a short o in VT49:32). Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" (Appendix A; cf. Letters:425). Masc. name Rómestámo, Róme(n)star "East-helper" (PM:384, 391; probably ?Rómenstar must always become Rómestar, but Tolkien cited the form as Róme(n)star to indicate the connection with rómen "east")
Ambalar
east
Ambalar noun "East" (MC:221; this is "Qenya")
Rómë
east
Rómë noun "east", variant of Rómen (PE17:59). Possessive romeva (read rómeva?), genitive rómeö (Ibid.)
ar-
outside
ar- (1) prefix "outside" (AR2), element meaning "beside" (VT42:17), "by" (PE17:169; in the same source the glosses "near, by, beside" were rejected). Cf. ara.
ara
outside, beside, besides
ara prep.(and adv.?) "outside, beside, besides" (AR2, VT49:57). According to VT45:6, the original glosses were "without, outside, beside", but Tolkien emended this. Arsë "he is out", VT49:23, 35, 36. As for ar(a), see ar #1. VT49:25 lists what seems to be ar(a) combined with various pronominal suffixes: Singular anni > arni "beside me", astyë "beside you" (informal), allë "besides you" (formal), arsë "beside him/her", plural anwë > armë "beside us" (exclusive), arwë "beside us" (inclusive), astë > ardë "beside you" (plural), astë > artë "beside them"; dual anwet > armet "beside us (two)". (Here Tolkien presupposes that ara represents original ada-.) The same source lists the unglossed forms ari, arin that may combine the preposition with the article, hence "beside the" (VT49:24-25)
ava
outside, beyond
ava (1) adv.? noun? prep.? "outside, beyond" (AWA, VT45:6)
enna
first
[enna adj. "first" (VT45:12)]
enquete-
repeat, say again
enquete- vb. "repeat, say again" (PE17:167)
erca
prickle, spine
erca ("k") (1) noun "prickle, spine"
ettë
outside
ettë noun(and/or adv.?) "outside" (ET)
fairë
phantom, disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape
fairë(1) noun "phantom, disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape" (pl. fairi in Markirya); compare ausa. The noun fairë was also used = "spirit (in general)", as a kind of being (MR:349, PE17:124). In VT43:37 and VT44:17, fairë refers to the Holy Spirit (fairë aista or Aina Fairë)
falqua
cleft, mountain pass, ravine
falqua ("q") noun "cleft, mountain pass, ravine" (LT2:341)
fára
beach, shore
fára noun "beach, shore" (VT46:15)
hrómen
east
hrómen noun "east", variant of the more common Rómen, q.v. (PE17:18)
inga
first
inga (2) adj. "first" (ING)
lehta
free, released
lehta (2) adj. "free, released" (VT39:17); #lehta tengwë "free element, released element", a term for "vowel" (only pl. lehta tengwi [ñ] is attested; we would rather expect *lehtë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective) (VT39:17)
lerya-
release, set free, let go
lerya- vb. "release, set free, let go"; negated avalerya- "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty" (VT41:5, 6)
minya
first
minya adj. "first" (MINI) (cf. Minyatur, Minyon); "eminent, prominent" (VT42:24, 25). Minyar "Firsts", the original name of the Vanyar (or rather the direct Quenya descendant of the original Primitive Quendian name) (WJ:380)
mo
one, someone, anyone
mo, indefinite pronoun "one, someone, anyone" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 20, 26)
quén
one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman
quén (quen-, as in pl. queni; as final element in compounds -quen) noun "one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman", pl. queni = "persons", "(some) people", "they" with the most general meaning (as in "they [= people in general] say that..."). The element is combined with noun and adjective stems in old compounds to denote habitual occupations or functions, or to describe those having some notable (permanent) quality; examples include roquen, ciryaquen, arquen, q.v. Also in aiquen "whoever", ilquen "everybody" (WJ:361 cf. 360, 372).
ráva
free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless
ráva (1) adj. "free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless" (PE17:78), "wild, untamed"_ (RAB). _In PE17:78, the gloss "wild" is given to the variant hráva instead.
róna
east
róna adj.? "east" (RŌ). Compare hróna.
wenya
green, yellow-green, fresh
wenya adj. "green, yellow-green, fresh" (GWEN), apparently "fair, beautiful" ("probably originally "fresh, fair, unblemished especially of beauty of youth") in a later deleted note (PE17:191).
winga
foam, spray
winga noun "foam, spray" (Markirya). Also wingë.
wingë
foam, crest of wave, crest
wingë noun "foam, crest of wave, crest" (WIG); "foam, spindrift" (LT1:273). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, wingë was also the name of tengwa #24, which letter Tolkien would later call wilya > vilya instead. - Also winga (so in Markirya).
min
cardinal. one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first
mitta
preposition/adverb. between, [ᴹQ.] inwards, into, [ᴱQ.] in; [Q.] between
quequetta-
verb. repeat, keep on saying
-ro
he
-ro pronominal ending "he", in antaváro, q.v. In Tolkiens later Quenya, the ending -s covers both "he", "she" and "it".
Eru
the one
Eru divine name "the One" = God (VT43:32, VT44:16-17), "the One God" (Letters:387), a name reserved for the most solemn occasions (WJ:402). Often in the combination Eru Ilúvatar, "Eru Allfather" (cf. MR:112). Genitive Eruo (MR:329, VT43:28/32), dative Erun (VT44:32, 34). The adjectival form Eruva "divine" (Eruva lissëo "of divine grace", VT44:18) would be identical to the form appearing in the possessive case. Compound nouns: Eruhantalë "Thanksgiving to Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436), Eruhin pl. Eruhíni "Children of Eru", Elves and Men (WJ:403; SA:híni, cf. _Eruhîn _in Letters:345), Eruion *"son of God" (or "God the Son"?) (VT44:16), Erukyermë "Prayer to Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436), Erulaitalë "Praise of Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436), Eruamillë "Mother of God" (in Tolkien's translation of the Hail Mary, VT43:32, see also VT44:7), Eruontari, Eruontarië other translations of "Mother (Begetter) of God" (VT44:7, 18), Erusén "the children of God" (RGEO:74; this is a strange form with no plural ending; contrast the synonym Eruhíni.) #Eruanna and #erulissë, various terms for "grace", literally "God-gift" and "God-sweetness", respectively (VT43:29; these words are attested in the genitive and instrumental case, respectively: Eruanno, erulissenen).
er-
remain
#er- "remain", verb (LT1:269; given in the form erin and glossed "remains"; erin would have to mean "I remain" in Tolkien's later Quenya, if this word is to be adapted. However, the later synonym lemya- may be preferred.)
ettelëa
foreign
ettelëa adj. "foreign", perhaps also noun ?"stranger"; the reading of the second gloss is uncertain. In the Etymologies as printed in LR, even the former gloss is presented as an uncertain reading and the Quenya word is given as ettelen. According to VT45:13, the gloss "foreign" is certain and the Quenya word may also be read as ettelëa, which normal Quenya morphology would also suggest to be the correct reading of Tolkien's manuscript.
ta
that, it
ta (1) pron. "that, it" (TA); compare antaróta** "he gave it" (FS); see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna "thither", talo/tó "thence" and tás/tassë* "there" are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: "to that", "from that" and "in that" (place), respectively. Compare "there" as one gloss of ta (see #4).
tólë
centre
tólë noun "centre" (LT1:269; the word endë is to be preferred in Tolkien's later Quenya)
axë
noun. steel
leryalë
noun. release
laima
noun. plant
A noun for “plant” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √LAY (PE17/159).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. laute (lausi-) “living thing, (esp.) vegetable” and ᴱQ. lauke (lauki-) “vegetable, plant species”, both derived from the early root ᴱ√LAWA (QL/52). The word lauke also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “plant” (PME/52) and appeared again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s with the gloss “vegetable” and an accusative form of lautya (PE16/141), indicating a new stem form lauty-.
-on
name
-on gen.pl. ending (3O), in aldaron, aranion, elenion, Eldaron, #esseron, Ingweron, Istarion, Númevalion, Quendion, Silmarillion, Sindaron, tasarion (see Nan-Tasarion), Valion, wenderon, yénion. Normally the ending -on is added to the nominative plural, whether it ends in -i or -r, but some nouns in -ë that would have nominative plurals in -i seem to prefer the ending -ron in the genitive (hence #esseron as the gen. pl. of essë "name", though the nominative pl. is attested as essi and we might have expected the gen. pl. *ession; similarly wenderon, Ingweron).
ala-
plant, grow
ala- (4) vb. "plant, grow" _(the first gloss would suggest that the following one is transitive: to "grow" plants) (PE17:100). _Compare al- "thrive, *grow" (which however seems intransitive).
alcar
noun. radiance
radiance, splendour
alta
radiance
alta (2) noun "radiance" (VT42:32, PE17:50). Cf. variant ñalta.
anga
iron
anga noun "iron", also name of tengwa #7 (ANGĀ, Appendix E, SA, PM:347, LT1:249, 268). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, anga was the name of letter #19, which tengwa Tolkien would later call noldo instead (VT45:6). Masc. names Angamaitë "Iron-handed" (Letters:347), Angaráto "Iron-champion", Sindarin Angrod(SA:ar(a) ). See also Angamando, tornanga and cf. Angainor as the name of the chain with which Melkor was bound (Silm)
aranya
free
aranya, also ranya, adj. "free". Another gloss was not certainly legible, but the editors suggest "uncontrolling" (VT46:10)
empanya-
plant
*empanya- vb. "plant" (deduced from the "Qenya" pl. past tense empannen, VT27:20-22)
endya
middle
endya > enya adj. "middle" (ÉNED)
endëa
middle
#endëa adj. "middle" in atendëa, q.v. Compare enya.
enel
between
enel prep. "between" = "at the central position in a row, list, series, etc. but also applied to the case of three persons" (VT47:11). This preposition refers to the position of a thing between others of the same kind; compare imbë.
ento
next
ento adv. "next" (Arct)
enya
middle
enya < endya adj. "middle" (EN). Compare #endëa.
er
one, alone
er cardinal "one, alone" (ERE, VT48:6, VT49:54), in an early source also adv. "only, but, still" (LT1:269); Eru er "one God" (VT44:17; er was here emended by Tolkien from erëa, which seems to be an adjectival form *"one, single".)
erë
iron
erë, eren noun "iron" or "steel"; Eremandu variant of Angamandu (Angband) (LT1:252; "iron" should be anga in LotR-style Quenya, but erë, eren may still be used for "steel". See also yaisa.)
erëa
cardinal. one
erëa adj.? "one" or *"single", apparently an adjectival form (see er) (VT44:17)
etelehta-
deliver
etelehta- vb. "deliver" (= "save") (VT43:23)
eterúna-
deliver
eterúna- vb. (also etrúna-, though the cluster tr seems unusual for Quenya) "deliver" (= "save"). Tolkien may have abandoned this verb in favour of etelehta-, q.v. (VT43:23; VT44:9), but the root also appears in #runando "redeemer", so maybe eterúna- can stay with the meaning "redeem".
exa
other
exa adj.? "other" (apparently as adjective) (VT47:10, VT49:33). Also eces ("k"), unless this is intended as the stem underlying exa (the root KES with prefixed stem-vowel) rather than a Quenya word (VT49:33).
ezel
green
ezel, ezella adj. "green" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)
fairë
radiance
fairë (3) noun "radiance" (PHAY)
fairë
free
fairë (4) adj. "free" (LT1:250) (rather léra, lerina or mirima in LotR-style Quenya)
fallë
foam
fallë noun "foam" (PHAL/PHÁLAS)
hyana
other
hyana adj. "other", cf. hya (VT49:14)
imbë
between
imbë (1) prep "between" (Nam, RGEO:67, VT47:11, PE17:92). This is "between" referring to a gap, space, barrier, or anything intervening between two other things, like or unlike one another (compare enel). The pluralized form imbi implies "among" of several things (ancalima imbi eleni "brightest among stars"); "in the sense 'among' before plurals [imbë] is usually pluralized > imbi even when a plural noun follows". As pointed out by Patrick Wynne, imbi may also be used in the sense of "between" before two singular nouns connected by "and" (as in the example imbi Menel Cemenyë "between heaven and earth"), whereas imbë is used before dual forms, as in the examples imbë siryat "between two rivers", imbë met "between us". Elided imb' in the phrase imb' illi "among all" (VT47:11, 30). A dual form imbit is also mentioned, used to express "in absolute form the sense 'between two things' when these are not named" (apparently meaning that imbit expresses *"between them" referring to two entities, with no noun following) (VT47:30, PE17:92)
ita
that which
ita 3) pron "that which" (VT49:12), emended from tai (#1, q.v.) The form ita is compounded from the relative pronoun i + the pronoun ta "that, it".
laica
green
laica (1) adj. "green" (in older sources laiqua) (Letters:282, PE17:159). Laicolassë (laica + #olassë) "green-foliage" (PE17:46), Quenya cognate of Sindarin Laegolas (dialectal form Legolas); compare olassië. Adj. laicalassë "green as leaves", literally "green-leaf" (PE17:56).
laima
plant
laima noun "plant" (PE17:159). Cf. olvar.
laiqua
green
laiqua ("q")adj. "green" (LÁYAK, LT1:267, MC:214), "Qenya" pl. laiquali ("q")(MC:216). Occurs in the phrase laiqua'ondoisen ("q") "green-rocks-upon" (MC:221; this is "Qenya"), Laiqualassë ("q") masc. name "Legolas" (Greenleaf) (LT1:267). Used as noun in the phrase mi laiqua of somebody clad "in green" (PE17:71). In later material, the word for "green" appears as laica, and the cognate of Legolas is said to be Laicolassë, q.v. (PE17:56)
lemya-
remain, tarry
lemya- vb. "remain, tarry" (VT45:27)
lerina
free
lerina adj. "free" of things: not guarded, reserved, made fast, or "owned" (VT41:5)
léra
free
léra adj. noun "free", of persons (VT41:5)
min
cardinal. one
min numeral "one", also minë (VT45:34, VT48:6)
minë
cardinal. one
minë numeral "one", also min (MINI, VT45:34)
mir
cardinal. one
mir (2) cardinal "one" (LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather minë)
mirima
free
mirima adj. "free" (MIS). ("Free" is rather expressed as léra in Tolkiens later Quenya; mirima would be prone to confusion with mírima above.)
mitta-
between
mitta- (2) prep. "between" (VT43:30; the final hyphen may suggest that suffixes would normally follow)
nalta
radiance, glittering reflection
nalta ("ñ")noun "radiance, glittering reflection" (from jewels, glass or polished metals, or water) (PM:347)
ne
that
ne (2) conj. "that" (as in "I know that you are here") (PE14:54), evidently replaced by i in Tolkiens later Quenya (see i #3).
nómë
place
#nómë noun "place", isolated from Nómesseron, q.v. Cf. also sinomë.
tai
that which, what
tai (1) pron. "that which, what", "which fact" (VT42:34, VT49:12, 20). The word occurs in the sentence alasaila ná lá carë tai mo navë mára, translated "it is unwise not to do what one judges good". So tai = "what", but it means more literally "that which" (VT49:12), ta + i (cf. ta #1 and the use of i as a relative pronoun). In one note, Tolkien emended tai to ita, reversing the elements (VT49:12) and also eliminating the ambiguity involving the homophone tai #2, see below.
talo
thence
talo adv. "thence". Also tó. Basically these are simple ablative/genitive forms of ta (#1) "that"; compare silo, sio. (VT49:11)
tana
that
tana (1) demonstrative "that" (said to be "anaphoric") (TA). According to VT49:11, tana is the adjective corresponding to ta, "that" as a pronoun.
tanya
that
tanya demonstrative "that" (MC:215; this is "Qenya", perhaps corresponding to later tana)
tó
thence
tó 2) adv. "thence" (for *tao, the pronoun ta "that, it" with the genitive ending -o, here used in an ablativic sense). Also talo, with -lo as a short form of the ablative ending -llo. (VT49:29, 11)
yana
that
yana demonstrative "that" (the former) (YA)
anga
noun. iron
laica
adjective. green
laiqua
adjective. green
endëa
adjective. middle
entë
noun. centre
exa
adjective. other
hyana
adjective. other
nómë
noun. place
rië
adverb. only
talo
adverb. thence
tana
that
amyára
noun. elder
a
cardinal. one
alta
noun. radiance
ezel(la)
adjective. green
i
pronoun. that
rie
adverb. only
tó
adverb. thence
se (1) pron. "he, she, it" also object "him, her, it", 3rd person sg. Used "of living things including plants" (VT49:37; the corresponding inaimate pronoun is sa). The pronoun comes directly from se as the original stem-form (VT49:50). Stressed form sé, VT49:51, attested in object position in melin sé "I love him" (VT49:21). Ósë "with him/her", VT43:29; see ó-. Long dative/allative sena "[to/for] him" or "at him", VT49:14, allative senna "to him/her" (VT49:45, 46). Compare the reflexive pronoun insë *"himself, herself".