Quenya 

se

he, she, it

se (1) pron. "he, she, it" also object "him, her, it", 3rd person sg. Used "of living things including plants" (VT49:37; the corresponding inaimate pronoun is sa). The pronoun comes directly from se as the original stem-form (VT49:50). Stressed form , VT49:51, attested in object position in melin sé "I love him" (VT49:21). Ósë "with him/her", VT43:29; see ó-. Long dative/allative sena "[to/for] him" or "at him", VT49:14, allative senna "to him/her" (VT49:45, 46). Compare the reflexive pronoun insë *"himself, herself".

setta

first

[setta, setya adj. "first" (possibly also "primary", but Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible) (VT46:13)]

sérë

rest, repose, peace

sérë noun "rest, repose, peace" (SED, VT44:35); see under úyë concerning the sentence úyë sérë indo-ninya símen in Fíriel's Song

sanca

cleft, split

sanca (þ) ("k") noun? (or adj, or both?) "cleft, split" (STAK)

ser-

rest

ser- vb. "rest" (1st pers. aorist serin "I rest"); pa.t. probably *sendë since the R of ser- was originally D (cf. stem SED; compare rer- pa.t. rendë from RED concerning the past tense)

sa

it

sa pron. "it", 3rd person sg, corresponding to the ending -s (VT49:30). Used of inanimate things or abstracts (VT49:37; plants are considered animate; see se). For sa as object, cf. the sentence ecë nin carë sa "I can do it" (VT49:34). Stressed (VT49:51). Ósa "with it" (VT43:36). Also compare the reflexive pronoun insa "itself", q.v. In one text, sa is also defined as "that" (VT49:18); apparently Tolkien also at one point considered giving sa a plural significance, so that it meant *"they, them" of inanimate things, the counterpart of "personal" (VT49:51).

sanda

name

[sanda, sandë] (þ) (2) noun "name" (VT46:16)

sanya

name

[sanya] (þ) (2) noun ?"name" (reading of gloss uncertain, VT46:16)

savin elessar ar <u>i</u> nánë aran ondórëo

that

i (3) conj. "that". Savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo "I believe that Elessar really existed and that [he] was a king of Gondor" (VT49:27), savin…i E[lesarno] quetië naitë *"I believe that Elessars speaking [is] true" (VT49:28) Also cf. nai, nái "be it that" (see nai #1), which may seem to incorporate this conjunction.

solmë

wave

solmë noun "wave" (LT1:266)

sa

conjunction. that

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sa

pronoun. it

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sana

that

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eques

saying, dictum, a quotation from someone's uttered words, a current or proverbial dictum

eques (equess-, as in pl. equessi) noun "a saying, dictum, a quotation from someone's uttered words, a current or proverbial dictum" (WJ:392); I Equessi Rúmilo "the Sayings of Rúmil" (WJ:398)

falastanë

surging

falastanë participle (?) "surging", falastanéro vb. "was loud with surf" (MC:213, 220; this is "Qenya" - the participle "surging" is falastala in Tolkien's later Quenya)

talas

sole

talas noun "sole" (LT2:347; Tolkien's later Quenya has tallunë)

Falastur

shore-lord

Falastur masc. name, *"Shore-lord" (Appendix A)

eressë

solitude

eressë noun "solitude" (ERE). In early "Qenya", eressë was an adjective or adverb: "singly, only, alone" (LT1:269).

falas

shore, beach

falas (falass-), falassë noun "shore, beach" (LT1:253, LT2:339); falassë "shore, line of surf" (SA:falas), "shore especially one exposed to great waves and breakers" (VT42:15), "beach" (PHAL/PHÁLAS); Falassë Númëa place-name "Western Surf" (LT1:253), Andafalassë "Langstrand" (PE17:135)

hresta

shore, beach

hresta noun "shore, beach", ablative hrestallo *"from (the) shore" in Markirya

yaisa

steel

yaisa noun "steel" (GL:37)

eressë

noun. solitude, [ᴹQ.] solitude; [ᴱQ.] alone, by oneself, singly, only; once

esta

first

esta (2) adj. "first" (ESE/ESET); this entry was marked with a query. The word Yestarë (q.v.) "Beginning-day" in LotR suggests that Tolkien decided to change the stem in question to _YESE/YESET_. We could then read *yesta for esta (but later this became a noun "beginning" rather than an adj. "first", PE17:120) and also prefix a y to the other words derived from ESE/ESET (essë* > yessë, essëa > yessëa). Estanossë noun "the firstborn", read likewise Yestanossë** (*Yestanessi?) but in a later text, Tolkien used Minnónar (q.v.) for "the Firstborn" as a name of the Elves, and this form may be preferred. _(In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word _Estanossë is cited as "Estanesse", but according to VT45:12, the second-to-last vowel is actually o in Tolkien's manuscript.)

yesta

noun. beginning, beginning, *start

@@@ gloss “start” suggested by Robert Reynolds

Este

noun. Rest

Rest

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Estë

repose, rest

Estë fem. name "Repose, Rest" _(WJ:403, EZDĒ, SED), only used as name of a Valië (WJ:404)_

escë

rustle, noise of leaves

[escë] ("k") noun "rustle, noise of leaves" (EZGE)

etsë

outside, exterior

etsë noun "outside, exterior", glosses changed from ?"issuing" and ?"spring" (VT45:13)

hyatsë

cleft, gash

hyatsë noun "cleft, gash" (SYAD), apparently changed by Tolkien from hyassë (VT46:16)

ciris

cleft, crack

ciris _("k")_noun "cleft, crack" (LT2:337 - obsoleted by cirissë?)

ercassë

holly

ercassë ("k") noun "holly" (ERÉK)

eressëa

lonely

eressëa adj. "lonely" (ERE, LT1:269), "solitary" (cf. Letters:386). Eressëa place-name "Lonely (One)", often used by itself for Tol Eressëa, the Lonely Isle (Silm) or Solitary Isle (Letters:386, footnote)

essë

name

essë (1) noun "name", also later name of Tengwa #31, originally (MET) called árë (ázë). (Appendix E). With a pronominal ending esselya "thy name" (VT43:14). Pl. #essi in PM:339 and MR:470, gen.pl. #esseron "of names" in the compound Nómesseron (q.v.); we would rather have expected *ession, given the nom.pl. essi; perhaps #esser is a valid alternative plural form. Essecarmë noun "name-making" (MR:214, 470), Eldarin ceremony where the father announces the name of his child. Essecenta *("k") noun "Name-essay" (see centa) (MR:415); Essecilmë noun "name-choosing", an Eldarin ceremony where a child named him- or herself according to personal lámatyávë (q.v.) (MR:214, 471). The meaning Tolkien originally assigned to the word essë** in the Etymologies was "place" rather than "name" (VT45:12).

essë

he

essë (2) pron? "he" (and also "she, it"?), possible emphatic 3rd sg. emphatic pronoun, attested in the sentence essë úpa nas "he is dumb" (PE17:126)

essë

beginning

essë (3) noun "beginning" (ESE/ESET). This entry was marked by a query in Etym, and a word in the appendices to LotR suggests that it was emended to *YESE/YESET; we may therefore read *yessë for essë. (See esta #2.) However, for the purposes of writing the form yesta "beginning" from PE17:120 may be preferred.

esta-

to name

esta- (1) vb. "to name" (ES, VT45:12). In an earlier form of the relevant entry in the Etymologies, Tolkien let esta- mean "to place, set, plant" (VT45:12); a deleted entry SET also had esta- "precede" (VT46:13)

falasta-

to foam

falasta- vb. "to foam", participle falastala "foaming, surging" in Markirya

yesta

beginning

yesta (2) noun "beginning" (PE17:120). Also attested in the compound yestarë (see below), but cf. esta #2.

essë

noun. name

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eressëa

adjective. lonely

esse

noun. name

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esta-

verb. name

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i, antevokaliskt in

conjunction. that

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engwa

adjective. sickly

An adjective for “sickly” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√GENG-WA “sick” (Ety/GENG-WĀ), used in its noun plural form ᴹQ. Engwar “The Sickly” as a name for Men (LR/245). Christopher Tolkien kept Engwar in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/103).

ailinë

shore, beach

#ailinë (nominative uncertain) noun "shore, beach" (in Tolkien's later Quenya rather hresta). Only attested in inflected forms: sg. ablative ailinello "shore-from" (MC:213), sg. locative ailinisse "on shore" (MC:221), pl. locative ailissen "on beaches" (for *ailinissen?) (MC:221)

ecco

spine

ecco ("k") noun "spine". (In the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry EK/EKTE, the gloss is given as "spear", but according to VT45:12 this is a misreading of Tolkien's manuscript.)

tuilë

spring, spring-time

tuilë noun "spring, spring-time", also used = "dayspring, early morn" (VT39:7, TUY), in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but also used without any exact definition. Cf. tuilérë, q.v. (Appendix D) - In early "Qenya", the word tuilë is glossed "Spring", but it is said that it literally refers to a "budding", also used collectively for "buds, new shoots, fresh green" (LT1:269). Cf. tuima in Tolkien's later Quenya.

en(a)

adverb. still

@@@ is more frequently used to refer to future, not past

Falanyel

shore-singers

Falanyel (Falanyeld-, as in pl. Falanyeldi), noun, (in the pl.) a name of the Teleri, apparently *"Shore-singers" (PHAL/PHÁLAS)

en

still

en (2), also ena, adv. "still"; quetir en "they still say" (PE17:167)

enenquë

cardinal. sixteen

enenquë cardinal "sixteen" (VT48:21)

enga

save

enga prep. "save" (= except) (FS)

engwa

sickly

engwa adj. "sickly"; nominal pl. Engwar "the Sickly", Elvish name of Mortal Men (Silm, GENG-WĀ)

enquë

cardinal. six

enquë ("q") cardinal "six" (ÉNEK, VT48:4, 6, 9, VT49:57); enquëa ordinal "sixth" (VT42:25); see also enquië. According to VT48:8, the word for "six" may have been encë ("k") in very early Quenya (the form is asterisked by Tolkien), but this was altered to enquë under the influence of yunquë "twelve" (perceived as meaning "2 times 6", *yú-enquë, with the prefix - "twi-").

equë

say/says

equë vb. "say/says" or "said" (a tenseless pseudo-verb used to introduce quotations or a "that"-construction); with affixes equen "said I", eques "said he/she" (WJ:392, 415)

erda

solitary, deserted

erda adj. "solitary, deserted" (LT1:269)

erdë

seed, germ

erdë (1) noun "seed, germ" (ERÉD, VT45:12)

erdë

singularity

erdë (2) noun "singularity", the person as a whole (MR:216)

erinqua

single, alone

erinqua adj. "single, alone" (VT42:10)

erya

single, sole

erya adj. "single, sole" (ERE)

falmar

sea-spirit, nymph

falmar, falmarin (falmarind- or simply falmarin- as in pl. falmarindi [or falmarini]) noun "sea-spirit, nymph" (PHAL/PHÁLAS)

núta-

set, sink

núta- vb. "set, sink" (of Sun or Moon) (NDŪ). In early "Qenya", the word was glossed "stoop, sink" (LT1:263)

quainquë

cardinal. sixteen

quainquë, cardinal "sixteen" (but enenquë may be preferred) (VT48:21)

téma

noun. series

series

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téma#

noun. series

series

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enenquë

cardinal. sixteen

enquë

cardinal. six

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enquëa

ordinal. sixth

tuilë

noun. spring, spring, [ᴹQ.] spring-time, [ᴱQ.] (lit.) a budding; buds, new shoots, fresh green

Quenya [LotR/1107; LotR/1111; PE19/107; UT/327; UTI/tuilë; VT39/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erdë

noun. singularity

Quenya [MR/216; MR/470] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rëa

adjective. single

téma

noun. series, series, [ᴹQ.] row, line

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aiano

noun. stranger

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hinna

adverb. still

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rea

adjective. single

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yessë

noun. beginning

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yestië

noun. beginning

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erdë

repose

erdë (3) noun "repose" (marked by Tolkien with an "X", perhaps indicating that he considered dropping this form to eliminate homophones)(VT46:12). Compare sérë.

fainu-

release

fainu- vb. "release" (LT1:250). Rather lerya- or sen- in Tolkien's later Quenya.

rómen

east

rómen, Rómen noun "east" (RŌ, MEN, SA:men), "uprising, sunrise, east" (SA:rómen); also name of tengwa #25 (Appendix E). Possessive form rómenwa (PE17:59).Variant hrómen, PE17:18. Rómenna, a place in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative "eastward" (SA:rómen), cf. also rómenna in LR:47, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "[to one] from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those from the East" in his rendering of Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67, PE17:59; Romello with a short o in VT49:32). Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" (Appendix A; cf. Letters:425). Masc. name Rómestámo, Róme(n)star "East-helper" (PM:384, 391; probably ?Rómenstar must always become Rómestar, but Tolkien cited the form as Róme(n)star to indicate the connection with rómen "east")

Ambalar

east

Ambalar noun "East" (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

Rómë

east

Rómë noun "east", variant of Rómen (PE17:59). Possessive romeva (read rómeva?), genitive rómeö (Ibid.)

ar-

outside

ar- (1) prefix "outside" (AR2), element meaning "beside" (VT42:17), "by" (PE17:169; in the same source the glosses "near, by, beside" were rejected). Cf. ara.

ara

outside, beside, besides

ara prep.(and adv.?) "outside, beside, besides" (AR2, VT49:57). According to VT45:6, the original glosses were "without, outside, beside", but Tolkien emended this. Arsë "he is out", VT49:23, 35, 36. As for ar(a), see ar #1. VT49:25 lists what seems to be ar(a) combined with various pronominal suffixes: Singular anni > arni "beside me", astyë "beside you" (informal), allë "besides you" (formal), arsë "beside him/her", plural anwë > armë "beside us" (exclusive), arwë "beside us" (inclusive), astë > ardë "beside you" (plural), astë > artë "beside them"; dual anwet > armet "beside us (two)". (Here Tolkien presupposes that ara represents original ada-.) The same source lists the unglossed forms ari, arin that may combine the preposition with the article, hence "beside the" (VT49:24-25)

ava

outside, beyond

ava (1) adv.? noun? prep.? "outside, beyond" (AWA, VT45:6)

enna

first

[enna adj. "first" (VT45:12)]

enquete-

repeat, say again

enquete- vb. "repeat, say again" (PE17:167)

erca

prickle, spine

erca ("k") (1) noun "prickle, spine"

ettë

outside

ettë noun(and/or adv.?) "outside" (ET)

fairë

phantom, disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape

fairë(1) noun "phantom, disembodied spirit, when seen as a pale shape" (pl. fairi in Markirya); compare ausa. The noun fairë was also used = "spirit (in general)", as a kind of being (MR:349, PE17:124). In VT43:37 and VT44:17, fairë refers to the Holy Spirit (fairë aista or Aina Fairë)

falqua

cleft, mountain pass, ravine

falqua ("q") noun "cleft, mountain pass, ravine" (LT2:341)

fára

beach, shore

fára noun "beach, shore" (VT46:15)

hrómen

east

hrómen noun "east", variant of the more common Rómen, q.v. (PE17:18)

inga

first

inga (2) adj. "first" (ING)

lehta

free, released

lehta (2) adj. "free, released" (VT39:17); #lehta tengwë "free element, released element", a term for "vowel" (only pl. lehta tengwi [ñ] is attested; we would rather expect *lehtë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective) (VT39:17)

lerya-

release, set free, let go

lerya- vb. "release, set free, let go"; negated avalerya- "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty" (VT41:5, 6)

minya

first

minya adj. "first" (MINI) (cf. Minyatur, Minyon); "eminent, prominent" (VT42:24, 25). Minyar "Firsts", the original name of the Vanyar (or rather the direct Quenya descendant of the original Primitive Quendian name) (WJ:380)

mo

one, someone, anyone

mo, indefinite pronoun "one, someone, anyone" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 20, 26)

quén

one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman

quén (quen-, as in pl. queni; as final element in compounds -quen) noun "one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman", pl. queni = "persons", "(some) people", "they" with the most general meaning (as in "they [= people in general] say that..."). The element is combined with noun and adjective stems in old compounds to denote habitual occupations or functions, or to describe those having some notable (permanent) quality; examples include roquen, ciryaquen, arquen, q.v. Also in aiquen "whoever", ilquen "everybody" (WJ:361 cf. 360, 372).

ráva

free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless

ráva (1) adj. "free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless" (PE17:78), "wild, untamed"_ (RAB). _In PE17:78, the gloss "wild" is given to the variant hráva instead.

róna

east

róna adj.? "east" (RŌ). Compare hróna.

wenya

green, yellow-green, fresh

wenya adj. "green, yellow-green, fresh" (GWEN), apparently "fair, beautiful" ("probably originally "fresh, fair, unblemished especially of beauty of youth") in a later deleted note (PE17:191).

winga

foam, spray

winga noun "foam, spray" (Markirya). Also wingë.

wingë

foam, crest of wave, crest

wingë noun "foam, crest of wave, crest" (WIG); "foam, spindrift" (LT1:273). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, wingë was also the name of tengwa #24, which letter Tolkien would later call wilya > vilya instead. - Also winga (so in Markirya).

min

cardinal. one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first

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mitta

preposition/adverb. between, [ᴹQ.] inwards, into, [ᴱQ.] in; [Q.] between

quequetta-

verb. repeat, keep on saying

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-ro

he

-ro pronominal ending "he", in antaváro, q.v. In Tolkiens later Quenya, the ending -s covers both "he", "she" and "it".

Eru

the one

Eru divine name "the One" = God (VT43:32, VT44:16-17), "the One God" (Letters:387), a name reserved for the most solemn occasions (WJ:402). Often in the combination Eru Ilúvatar, "Eru Allfather" (cf. MR:112). Genitive Eruo (MR:329, VT43:28/32), dative Erun (VT44:32, 34). The adjectival form Eruva "divine" (Eruva lissëo "of divine grace", VT44:18) would be identical to the form appearing in the possessive case. Compound nouns: Eruhantalë "Thanksgiving to Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436), Eruhin pl. Eruhíni "Children of Eru", Elves and Men (WJ:403; SA:híni, cf. _Eruhîn _in Letters:345), Eruion *"son of God" (or "God the Son"?) (VT44:16), Erukyermë "Prayer to Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436), Erulaitalë "Praise of Eru", a Númenórean festival (UT:166, 436), Eruamillë "Mother of God" (in Tolkien's translation of the Hail Mary, VT43:32, see also VT44:7), Eruontari, Eruontarië other translations of "Mother (Begetter) of God" (VT44:7, 18), Erusén "the children of God" (RGEO:74; this is a strange form with no plural ending; contrast the synonym Eruhíni.) #Eruanna and #erulissë, various terms for "grace", literally "God-gift" and "God-sweetness", respectively (VT43:29; these words are attested in the genitive and instrumental case, respectively: Eruanno, erulissenen).

er-

remain

#er- "remain", verb (LT1:269; given in the form erin and glossed "remains"; erin would have to mean "I remain" in Tolkien's later Quenya, if this word is to be adapted. However, the later synonym lemya- may be preferred.)

ettelëa

foreign

ettelëa adj. "foreign", perhaps also noun ?"stranger"; the reading of the second gloss is uncertain. In the Etymologies as printed in LR, even the former gloss is presented as an uncertain reading and the Quenya word is given as ettelen. According to VT45:13, the gloss "foreign" is certain and the Quenya word may also be read as ettelëa, which normal Quenya morphology would also suggest to be the correct reading of Tolkien's manuscript.

ta

that, it

ta (1) pron. "that, it" (TA); compare antaróta** "he gave it" (FS); see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna "thither", talo/ "thence" and tás/tassë* "there" are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: "to that", "from that" and "in that" (place), respectively. Compare "there" as one gloss of ta (see #4).

tólë

centre

tólë noun "centre" (LT1:269; the word endë is to be preferred in Tolkien's later Quenya)

axë

noun. steel

leryalë

noun. release

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laima

noun. plant

A noun for “plant” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √LAY (PE17/159).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. laute (lausi-) “living thing, (esp.) vegetable” and ᴱQ. lauke (lauki-) “vegetable, plant species”, both derived from the early root ᴱ√LAWA (QL/52). The word lauke also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “plant” (PME/52) and appeared again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s with the gloss “vegetable” and an accusative form of lautya (PE16/141), indicating a new stem form lauty-.

-on

name

-on gen.pl. ending (3O), in aldaron, aranion, elenion, Eldaron, #esseron, Ingweron, Istarion, Númevalion, Quendion, Silmarillion, Sindaron, tasarion (see Nan-Tasarion), Valion, wenderon, yénion. Normally the ending -on is added to the nominative plural, whether it ends in -i or -r, but some nouns in -ë that would have nominative plurals in -i seem to prefer the ending -ron in the genitive (hence #esseron as the gen. pl. of essë "name", though the nominative pl. is attested as essi and we might have expected the gen. pl. *ession; similarly wenderon, Ingweron).

ala-

plant, grow

ala- (4) vb. "plant, grow" _(the first gloss would suggest that the following one is transitive: to "grow" plants) (PE17:100). _Compare al- "thrive, *grow" (which however seems intransitive).

alcar

noun. radiance

radiance, splendour

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alta

radiance

alta (2) noun "radiance" (VT42:32, PE17:50). Cf. variant ñalta.

anga

iron

anga noun "iron", also name of tengwa #7 (ANGĀ, Appendix E, SA, PM:347, LT1:249, 268). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, anga was the name of letter #19, which tengwa Tolkien would later call noldo instead (VT45:6). Masc. names Angamaitë "Iron-handed" (Letters:347), Angaráto "Iron-champion", Sindarin Angrod(SA:ar(a) ). See also Angamando, tornanga and cf. Angainor as the name of the chain with which Melkor was bound (Silm)

aranya

free

aranya, also ranya, adj. "free". Another gloss was not certainly legible, but the editors suggest "uncontrolling" (VT46:10)

empanya-

plant

*empanya- vb. "plant" (deduced from the "Qenya" pl. past tense empannen, VT27:20-22)

endya

middle

endya > enya adj. "middle" (ÉNED)

endëa

middle

#endëa adj. "middle" in atendëa, q.v. Compare enya.

enel

between

enel prep. "between" = "at the central position in a row, list, series, etc. but also applied to the case of three persons" (VT47:11). This preposition refers to the position of a thing between others of the same kind; compare imbë.

ento

next

ento adv. "next" (Arct)

enya

middle

enya < endya adj. "middle" (EN). Compare #endëa.

er

one, alone

er cardinal "one, alone" (ERE, VT48:6, VT49:54), in an early source also adv. "only, but, still" (LT1:269); Eru er "one God" (VT44:17; er was here emended by Tolkien from erëa, which seems to be an adjectival form *"one, single".)

erë

iron

erë, eren noun "iron" or "steel"; Eremandu variant of Angamandu (Angband) (LT1:252; "iron" should be anga in LotR-style Quenya, but erë, eren may still be used for "steel". See also yaisa.)

erëa

cardinal. one

erëa adj.? "one" or *"single", apparently an adjectival form (see er) (VT44:17)

etelehta-

deliver

etelehta- vb. "deliver" (= "save") (VT43:23)

eterúna-

deliver

eterúna- vb. (also etrúna-, though the cluster tr seems unusual for Quenya) "deliver" (= "save"). Tolkien may have abandoned this verb in favour of etelehta-, q.v. (VT43:23; VT44:9), but the root also appears in #runando "redeemer", so maybe eterúna- can stay with the meaning "redeem".

exa

other

exa adj.? "other" (apparently as adjective) (VT47:10, VT49:33). Also eces ("k"), unless this is intended as the stem underlying exa (the root KES with prefixed stem-vowel) rather than a Quenya word (VT49:33).

ezel

green

ezel, ezella adj. "green" (in Vanyarin Quenya only). Adopted and adapted from Valarin. (WJ:399)

fairë

radiance

fairë (3) noun "radiance" (PHAY)

fairë

free

fairë (4) adj. "free" (LT1:250) (rather léra, lerina or mirima in LotR-style Quenya)

fallë

foam

fallë noun "foam" (PHAL/PHÁLAS)

hyana

other

hyana adj. "other", cf. hya (VT49:14)

imbë

between

imbë (1) prep "between" (Nam, RGEO:67, VT47:11, PE17:92). This is "between" referring to a gap, space, barrier, or anything intervening between two other things, like or unlike one another (compare enel). The pluralized form imbi implies "among" of several things (ancalima imbi eleni "brightest among stars"); "in the sense 'among' before plurals [imbë] is usually pluralized > imbi even when a plural noun follows". As pointed out by Patrick Wynne, imbi may also be used in the sense of "between" before two singular nouns connected by "and" (as in the example imbi Menel Cemenyë "between heaven and earth"), whereas imbë is used before dual forms, as in the examples imbë siryat "between two rivers", imbë met "between us". Elided imb' in the phrase imb' illi "among all" (VT47:11, 30). A dual form imbit is also mentioned, used to express "in absolute form the sense 'between two things' when these are not named" (apparently meaning that imbit expresses *"between them" referring to two entities, with no noun following) (VT47:30, PE17:92)

ita

that which

ita 3) pron "that which" (VT49:12), emended from tai (#1, q.v.) The form ita is compounded from the relative pronoun i + the pronoun ta "that, it".

laica

green

laica (1) adj. "green" (in older sources laiqua) (Letters:282, PE17:159). Laicolassë (laica + #olassë) "green-foliage" (PE17:46), Quenya cognate of Sindarin Laegolas (dialectal form Legolas); compare olassië. Adj. laicalassë "green as leaves", literally "green-leaf" (PE17:56).

laima

plant

laima noun "plant" (PE17:159). Cf. olvar.

laiqua

green

laiqua ("q")adj. "green" (LÁYAK, LT1:267, MC:214), "Qenya" pl. laiquali ("q")(MC:216). Occurs in the phrase laiqua'ondoisen ("q") "green-rocks-upon" (MC:221; this is "Qenya"), Laiqualassë ("q") masc. name "Legolas" (Greenleaf) (LT1:267). Used as noun in the phrase mi laiqua of somebody clad "in green" (PE17:71). In later material, the word for "green" appears as laica, and the cognate of Legolas is said to be Laicolassë, q.v. (PE17:56)

lemya-

remain, tarry

lemya- vb. "remain, tarry" (VT45:27)

lerina

free

lerina adj. "free" of things: not guarded, reserved, made fast, or "owned" (VT41:5)

léra

free

léra adj. noun "free", of persons (VT41:5)

min

cardinal. one

min numeral "one", also minë (VT45:34, VT48:6)

minë

cardinal. one

minë numeral "one", also min (MINI, VT45:34)

mir

cardinal. one

mir (2) cardinal "one" (LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather minë)

mirima

free

mirima adj. "free" (MIS). ("Free" is rather expressed as léra in Tolkiens later Quenya; mirima would be prone to confusion with mírima above.)

mitta-

between

mitta- (2) prep. "between" (VT43:30; the final hyphen may suggest that suffixes would normally follow)

nalta

radiance, glittering reflection

nalta ("ñ")noun "radiance, glittering reflection" (from jewels, glass or polished metals, or water) (PM:347)

ne

that

ne (2) conj. "that" (as in "I know that you are here") (PE14:54), evidently replaced by i in Tolkiens later Quenya (see i #3).

nómë

place

#nómë noun "place", isolated from Nómesseron, q.v. Cf. also sinomë.

tai

that which, what

tai (1) pron. "that which, what", "which fact" (VT42:34, VT49:12, 20). The word occurs in the sentence alasaila ná lá carë tai mo navë mára, translated "it is unwise not to do what one judges good". So tai = "what", but it means more literally "that which" (VT49:12), ta + i (cf. ta #1 and the use of i as a relative pronoun). In one note, Tolkien emended tai to ita, reversing the elements (VT49:12) and also eliminating the ambiguity involving the homophone tai #2, see below.

talo

thence

talo adv. "thence". Also . Basically these are simple ablative/genitive forms of ta (#1) "that"; compare silo, sio. (VT49:11)

tana

that

tana (1) demonstrative "that" (said to be "anaphoric") (TA). According to VT49:11, tana is the adjective corresponding to ta, "that" as a pronoun.

tanya

that

tanya demonstrative "that" (MC:215; this is "Qenya", perhaps corresponding to later tana)

thence

2) adv. "thence" (for *tao, the pronoun ta "that, it" with the genitive ending -o, here used in an ablativic sense). Also talo, with -lo as a short form of the ablative ending -llo. (VT49:29, 11)

yana

that

yana demonstrative "that" (the former) (YA)

anga

noun. iron

Quenya [LotR/1122; PE17/056; PM/347; SA/anga] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laica

adjective. green

Quenya [Let/282; PE17/056; PE17/084; PE17/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laiqua

adjective. green

Quenya [PE17/071; PE17/084; PE17/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

endëa

adjective. middle

entë

noun. centre

exa

adjective. other

hyana

adjective. other

nómë

noun. place

Quenya [VT42/17; WJ/206] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rië

adverb. only

talo

adverb. thence

Quenya [VT49/11; VT49/29] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tana

that

amyára

noun. elder

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

a

cardinal. one

Quenya [PE 22:94; PE 22:124f] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

alta

noun. radiance

ezel(la)

adjective. green

i

pronoun. that

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

rie

adverb. only

Quenya [PE 22:158] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

adverb. thence

Sindarin 

send

noun. (?) rest

Sindarin [sennas RC/523] Group: SINDICT. Published by

senn

noun. (?) rest

Sindarin [sennas RC/523] Group: SINDICT. Published by

seregon

noun. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh

Sindarin [S/437] sereg+gond. Group: SINDICT. Published by

san

pronoun. that

Sindarin [LotR/0305; PE17/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

falas

noun. beach, wave-beaten shore, line of surf

Sindarin [Ety/381, S/431, RC/18, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

falas

noun. the western coast of Beleriand

Sindarin [Ety/381, S/431, RC/18, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

criss

noun. cleft

A word for a “cleft, cut, slash” (PE21/81; Ety/KIRIS) derived from √KIRIS, a blend of the roots √KIR and √RIS (PE17/87).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. criss “cleft, gash, gully” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it was probably already a derivative of the early root ᴱ√KIRISI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/27; LT2A/Cris Ilbranteloth). In the Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin Tolkien gave cris with the definition “a cleft, ravine, or narrow way of waters with high walls” (PE15/21), and in this period it typically appeared in this shorter form within names like G. Cris Ilbranteloth or G. Cris Thorn.

N. criss appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “cleft, cut, slash” under the root ᴹ√KIRIS “cut” (Ety/KIRIS). It also appeared under the root ᴹ√KIR with the gloss “cleft, pass”, but this instance was deleted (EtyAC/KIR). S. criss “cleft” was mentioned in passing in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s as derived from primitive ✶kirissi (PE21/80-81), and it was mentioned as a blending of roots in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s as described above (PE17/87). Its use in names diminished over time, however, the only remnant in the final version of The Silmarillion being S. Crissaegrim (S/121).

Neo-Sindarin: In The Etymologies of the 1930s it seems this word was principally used as for a “cleft, cut, slash” independent of geography. I would assume the same is true for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since criss is used only in a single geographic name in Tolkien’s later writings; S. cirith was use more broadly in geographic features. I would also assume it was a larger and more violent cut (a “gash” or “slash”) compared to S. rest for simple cuts.

Sindarin [PE17/087; PE21/81] Group: Eldamo. Published by

falas

beach

1b n. beach, strand. >> Anfalas

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:73:97] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

hross

noun. foam

n. foam. >> ross

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:121] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

riss

adjective. cleft

_ adj. _cleft, cloven, separate. Q. rista, risse, rinse. >> Imladris

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:87] < _rinsa_ < RIS cut. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ross

noun. foam

n. foam. >> hross

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:121] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

esta-

verb. to name

Sindarin [estathar SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

seidia

set aside

(appropriate to special purpose or owner) (i heidia, i seidiar) (VT42:20).  

sâd

place

sâd (-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)

sâd

place

(-had; i hâd, o sâd, construct sad) (spot, limited area naturally or artificially defined), pl. said (i said) (UT:314, VT42:20)  

sant

privately owned place

(i hant, o sant) (field, garden, yard), pl. saint (i saint) (VT42:20)

sa

pronoun. that

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

erui

adjective. single, alone

The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui

Sindarin [TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gaes

noun. steel

@@@ very dubious etymology, revisit

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

falas

shore, foaming shore

(pl. felais) (beach, coast, strand, line of surf; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand) (VT42:15). Adj.

rhast

shore

(?i thrast or ?i rastthe lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhaist (?idh raist).

ethuil

noun. spring, spring [the season]

Sindarin [AotM/062; LotR/1107; SD/129] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eneg

cardinal. six

Sindarin [PE17/095; VT42/25; VT48/06; VT48/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tuil

noun. spring

Sindarin [PE17/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

celos

water falling swiftly from a spring

(i gelos, o chelos) (freshet), pl. celys (i chelys).

enchui

ordinal. sixth

Sindarin [VT42/10; VT42/25; VT42/27; VT42/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

faer

noun. spirit (in general)

Sindarin [MR/349; MR/470] Group: Eldamo. Published by

celu

noun. spring, source

Sindarin [Ety/363, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

enchui

ordinal. sixth

Sindarin [VT/42:10,25,28] Group: SINDICT. Published by

encui

ordinal. sixth

Sindarin [VT/42:10,25,28] Group: SINDICT. Published by

encui

ordinal. sixth

enecthui

ordinal. sixth

Sindarin [VT/42:25] Group: SINDICT. Published by

enecthui

ordinal. sixth

eneg

cardinal. six

Sindarin [Ety/356, VT/42:25,31, VT/48:6,8] Group: SINDICT. Published by

enegui

ordinal. sixth

Sindarin [VT/42:10,25,28] Group: SINDICT. Published by

er

adjective. single

Sindarin [VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

falathren

noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)

Sindarin [Ety/381, PM/32, PM/55] falas+-ren. Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhaew

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

Sindarin [Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

minai

adjective. single, distinct, unique

Sindarin [Ety/373, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

esta

name

(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)

esta

name

(call) (i esta, in estar)

falas

beach

1) falas (pl. felais) (shore, coast, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15) 2) faur (shore), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)

falas

beach

(pl. felais) (shore, coast, strand, line of surf, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). (VT42:15)

galas

plant

galas (i **alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath**

galas

plant

(i ’alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath

lasgalen

leaf-green

(pl. lesgelin).

rist

cleft

(noun) 1) rist (-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”, 2) cirith (i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith), 3) cîl (i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”. 4) criss (i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”, 5) rest (ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 6) (deep cleft) falch (ravine[?]), pl. felch

ross

foam

(construct ros) (rain, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss) (Letters:282). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”

ess

noun. name

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ned

noun. first, *one more; first; *during

This word replaced the preposition uin “of the” in the third version of the King’s Letter, appearing in the phrase nelchaenen ned Echuir “the thirty-first day of Stirring”. Both Carl Hostetter (VT31/30) and David Salo (SG/229) theorized that this replacement has a similar prepositional function, from either √NOT “count” or √NED “middle”. Fiona Jallings suggested it might be a temporal preposition, with sense “during” (FJNS/349).

On VT47/40, note 67, Patrick Wynne suggested that this word might be a cognate of the newly published Quenya word net(ë) “one more”. This theory is supported by the most likely interpretation of nelchaenen. This word seems to mean “thirtieth” rather than “thirty-first”, and Patrick Wynne suggested that nelchaenen ned means “thirtieth and one more” = “thirty-first”. I find this theory the most compelling, and use it here.

amrûn

noun. east

_n. _east. Q. orrō uprising, sunrise, east. >> rhûn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18:122] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rhûn

noun. east

n. east. Q. hrō- uprising, sunrise, east. >> amrûn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18:96:122] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rûn

noun. east

n. #east. Q. rómen.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:88] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

Ēd

noun. Rest

Dor. Rest

Sindarin [name of spouse of Lorien PE 19:45] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

erui

adjective. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians)

The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui

Sindarin [TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody

Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2

Sindarin [WJ/376] Group: SINDICT. Published by

min

cardinal. one, one, [G.] single

Sindarin [PE17/095; VT42/25; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mein

ordinal. first

minui

ordinal. first

Sindarin [VT42/10; VT42/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amrûn

noun. east, orient

Sindarin [Ety/348, Ety/384, S/437, LotR/E] am+rhûn "uprising, sunrise". Group: SINDICT. Published by

cirith

noun. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock, ravine, defile

Sindarin [S/387, UT/426, TC/181, RC/334-335] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eithel

noun. issue of water, spring, well

Sindarin [Ety/363, S/430, S/433, WJ/85, TC/187] Group: SINDICT. Published by

leithian

noun. release, freeing, release from bondage

Sindarin [Ety/368, S/406, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhûn

noun. east

Sindarin [Ety/384, S/436, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

thanc

adjective. cleft, split, forked

Sindarin [Orthanc S/415, Ety/388] Group: SINDICT. Published by

falathren

noun/adjective. of the shore

Sindarin [Ety/381, PM/32, PM/55] falas+-ren. Group: SINDICT. Published by

main

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

Sindarin [VT/42:10, VT/42:25] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mein

ordinal. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent

Sindarin [VT/42:10, VT/42:25] Group: SINDICT. Published by

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

Sindarin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

minui

ordinal. first

Sindarin [VT/42:10, VT/42:25] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mîn

fraction. one (first of a series)

Sindarin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhuven

noun. east

Sindarin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ten

pronoun. (?) it (as object)

Sindarin [caro den VT/44:21,25-6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

îdh

noun. rest, repose

Sindarin [WJ/403] Group: SINDICT. Published by

enecthui

sixth

also ✱engui (the latter is David Salo’s suggested normalized form of a word that actually appears as enchui in the source, but the longer form enecthui can be used to avoid the problem) (VT42:25).

e

pronoun. he

The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King

Sindarin [SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

celu

spring

(of water) 1) celu (i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath. 2) (well) eithel (source, issue of water), pl. eithil.

celu

spring

(i gelu, o chelu) (source), analogical pl. cely (i chely). Archaic celw; so the coll. pl. is likely celwath.

ech

spine

(= pricle or thorn) ech (pl. ich) (VT45:12)

ech

spine

(pl. ich) (VT45:12)

eithel

spring

(source, issue of water), pl. eithil.

enecthui

sixth

enecthui, also *engui (the latter is David Salos suggested normalized form of a word that actually appears as enchui in the source, but the longer form enecthui can be used to avoid the problem) (VT42:25).

eneg

cardinal. six

eneg;

er

single

1) er (pl. ir) (VT48:6), 2)

er

single

(pl. ir) (VT48:6)

eredh

seed

eredh (germ), pl. eridh

eredh

seed

(germ), pl. eridh

erui

single

erui (first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini

erui

single

(first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini**

ethuil

spring

(season) ethuil (no distinct pl. form). SPRING-SINGER, see SWALLOW

ethuil

spring

(no distinct pl. form).

faur

shore

(beach), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)

gem

sickly

gem (lenited em, pl. gim).

gem

sickly

gem (lenited em, pl. gim)

habad

shore

(i chabad, o chabad), pl. hebaid (i chebaid). Archaic pl. hebeid (LR:386).

he

she

he, hen, hene. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)

he

she

hen, hene. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*

heria

set vigorously out to do

(i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously) (VT45:22)

leitha

set free

(i leitha, i leithar)

penia

set

penia- (i benia, i pheniar) (fix).

penia

set

(i benia, i pheniar) (fix).

tuia

spring

(verb) tuia- (i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)

tuia

spring

(i duia, i thuiar) (swell, sprout)

eneph

cardinal. sixteen

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

paeneg

cardinal. sixteen

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

thornang

noun. steel

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

eneg

six

;

enem

cardinal. sixteen

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

adleitha

release

(verb, = "to free") adleitha- (i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin). RELEASE (noun) 1) adleithian, pl. adleithiain, 2) leithian (freeing), pl. leithiain

adleitha

release

(i adleitha, in adleithar); also adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).

adleithian

release

pl. adleithiain

ar

outside

(adv. prefix) ar- (without)the literal meaning of a word translated SPY (q.v.)

caew

resting place

(i gaew, o chaew) (lair). No distinct pl. form except with article (i chaew).

erui

first

(single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

falathren

of the shore

(pl. felethrin)

land

open space

(construct lan, pl. laind) (level), also used as adjective ”wide, plain”.

leithian

release

(freeing), pl. leithiain

minui

first

1) minui (lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form), 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”; 3) erui (single, alone). No distinct pl. form. Some would argue that Tolkien abandoned erui as a word for ”first”.

minui

first

(lenited vinui; no distinct pl. form)

mîn

first

(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (isolated, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the number ”one”

îdh

repose

îdh (rest), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl.

îdh

repose

(rest), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl.

îdh

rest

_(noun) _1) îdh (repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt),

eth

adverb/adjective. outside

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ar

outside

(without)

aglar

noun. radiance

_n. _radiance, glory. Q. alkar. >> aglareb

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:24] < _aklar_ < KAL light. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

calen

green

(galen) _ adj. _green (fresh, vigorous). galen after a sg. noun. Q. kălina (lit. illumined) sunny, light.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:77:153] < GAL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ereg

noun. holly

_ n. Bot. _holly. >> Eregion

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:42] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

galad

radiance

1a _ n. _radiance. >> Galadriel, Gil-galad

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:50] < _kalat_- radiance < GAL < KAL shine. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

han

that

pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:42] < pl1. _hein_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

laeb

adjective. green

_ adj. _green. A theoretical equivalent to Q. laiqua but that did not exist in Sindarin.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:153] < _laiqua_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

laeg

green

_ adj. _green. >> Legolas

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:84] < _laikā_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

laeg

adjective. green

_ adj. _green (of leaves, herbage). Q. laika.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:159] < LAY. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

pathu

level place

(i bathu) (sward), analogical pl. pethy (i phethy). Cited in archaic form pathw in the source (LR:380 s.v. PATH); hence the coll. pl. is likely pathwath. In the Etymologies as printed in

pen

one

(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

taw

that

(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _

taw

that

. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form is actually given in LR:389 s.v.

ang

noun. iron

Sindarin [PM/347; RC/020; SA/anga] Group: Eldamo. Published by

e

pronoun. he

Sindarin [AotM/062; SD/129] Group: Eldamo. Published by

im

preposition. between

air

adjective. lonely

Sindarin [PE17/028; VT50/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

einior

adjective. elder

gôl

noun. wave

A neologism coined by Fiona Jallings based on T. vola < ✱wolā, but I think it is better to use attested N. falf for “wave” (Ety/PHAL).

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Eru

the one

as a name of God: #Eru, isolated from CHILDREN OF THE ONE (Elves and Men) Eruchín** **(sg. *Eruchen)

adleitha

free

(i adleitha, in adleithar), also †adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).

ang

iron

ang; adj.

angren

of iron

(pl. engrin);

angwedh

iron-bond

(pl. engwidh)

calen

green

1) (etymologically "bright") calen (lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath **Gelin, "Green Ridges"). 2) laeg (fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas** ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).

calen

green

(lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath Gelin, "Green Ridges").

dartha

remain

dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, last, endure) (VT45:8)

dartha

remain

(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, last, endure) (VT45:8)

e

he

1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)

e

he

(SD:128-31)

einior

elder

einior (pl. einioer). Archaic *einiaur.

einior

elder

(pl. einioer). Archaic ✱einiaur.

enedh

middle

enedh (core, center), pl. enidh

enedh

middle

(core, center), pl. enidh

eneth

name

(noun) eneth (pl. enith)

eneth

name

(pl. enith)

er

alone

(adjectival prefix) er- (one, lone)

erch

prickle

(noun) erch (pl. irch); see also SPINE.

erch

prickle

(pl. irch); see also

ereb

lonely

ereb (isolated), pl. erib

ereb

lonely

(isolated), pl. erib

eru

the one

isolated from

erui

alone

erui (first, single). No distinct pl. form. Also eriol (pl. erioel); archaic *eriaul.

erui

alone

(first, single). No distinct pl. form. Also eriol (pl. erioel); archaic ✱eriaul.

falf

foam

(breaker), pl. felf, coll. pl. falvath

faltha

foam

(i faltha, i falthar)

faltha

foam

(verb) faltha- (i faltha, i falthar)

faur

beach

(shore), pl. foer, coll. pl. forath (VT46:15)

galad

radiance

1) galad (i ngalad = i ñalad) (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid), 2) glaw (i **law), pl. gloe (in gloe), 3) thîl; no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. ?thiliath**.

galad

radiance

(i ngalad = i ñalad) (bright light, sunlight, brilliance, glittering reflection), pl. gelaid (in gelaid = i ñgelaid)

gardh

bounded or defined place

(i ’ardh) (region), pl. gerdh (i ngerdh = i ñerdh);

glaw

radiance

(i ’law), pl. gloe (in gloe)

gwing

foam

(i ’wing) (spindrift, spume, spray blown off wave-tops), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwing)

gwing

foam

1) gwing (i **wing) (spindrift, spume, spray blown off wave-tops), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwing), 2) ross (construct ros) (rain, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss) (Letters:282). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”, 3) falf (breaker), pl. felf, coll. pl. falvath**

ha

it

ha, han, hana. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)

ha

it

han, hana. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*

ho

he

hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*

i

that

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.

im

between

(prep.) im (within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”I” and a noun mening ”dell, deep vale”. The word mîn (min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)

im

between

(within), also as prefix im- ”between, inter-”. Note: homophones include the pronoun ”

laeg

green

(fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386). 

mi

between

mi (with article: min)

mi

between

(with article: min)

min

cardinal. one

1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)

Sindarin [Parviphith] Published by

min

one

mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.

mîn

i

(min-) means ”between” referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things (VT47:11, 14)

pen

cardinal. one

(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

rain

free

rain (wandering, erratic). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”border” (VT46:10; suggested Sindarin form of ” Noldorin” rhain)

rêg

holly

rêg (construct reg) (thorn), pl. rîg (idh rîg). See also LOW-GROWING TREE

rêg

holly

(construct reg) (thorn), pl. rîg (idh** rîg**). See also

thanc

cleft

(adj.) thanc (forked, split), pl. thainc

thîl

radiance

; no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. ?thiliath.

êr

one

whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)

egel

adjective. other

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

edlonui

adjective. foreign

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

taw

pronoun. that

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ang

noun. iron

Sindarin [Ety/348, S/428, PM/347] Group: SINDICT. Published by

angren

adjective. of iron

Sindarin [Ety/348, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

calen

adjective. green

Sindarin [Ety/362, S/429, Letters/282, RC/349, VT/42:19] Etym. "bright-coloured". Group: SINDICT. Published by

ereg

noun. holly-tree, thorn

Sindarin [Ety/356, S/431] Group: SINDICT. Published by

einior

adjective. elder

Sindarin [PM/358] an+iaur (?) "very, extremely old". Group: SINDICT. Published by

ened

noun. centre

eneth

noun. name

Sindarin [VT/44:21,24] Group: SINDICT. Published by

er-

prefix. alone, one

Sindarin [VT/42:19] Group: SINDICT. Published by

falch

noun. deep cleft, ravine

Sindarin [Orfalch Echor UT/468] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lain

adjective. free, freed

Sindarin [Ety/368, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ang

iron

; adj.

er

alone

(one, lone)

Primitive elvish

san-

noun. that

Primitive elvish [PE17/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kirissi

noun. cleft

Primitive elvish [PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kes

root. other

Primitive elvish [VT47/40] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enek

root. six

The root and words for “six” remained very similar throughout Tolkien’s life. The earliest form of this root was ᴱ√ENE “six” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with the derivative ᴱQ. ende “six” (QL/35). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, the Qenya word for “six” became ᴱQ. enqe [enkwe] with variant enekse (PE14/49, 82), implying a primitive base ✱enek-. This primitive form was made explicit in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the root was given as ᴹ√ENEK “six” with derivatives ᴹQ. enqe and N. eneg (Ety/ÉNEK). The root and its derivatives retained this form thereafter.

Tolkien spent a fair amount of time analyzing the origin of this root and the basis for the Q. addition of w in various notes on Elvish numbering systems written in 1968 (VT41, VT42, VT47, VT48). One connection Tolkien regularly made was between √ENEK “six” and √ENED “middle”, as “six” was the “middle” of the duodecimal system of numbering (VT41/16; VT48/9); in this respect it was probably an elaboration of the root √NEK “divide, separate, part” by analogy with √ENED (VT47/16; VT48/9). The Quenya -we may have been either a dual suffix based on “six” as twice three (VT48/10) or it might have been by analogy with other important duodecimal numbers like Q. minquë “eleven” and Q. yunquë “twelve” (48/7). Personally I find the second theory more compelling.

Primitive elvish [PE17/095; VT41/16; VT42/24; VT47/12; VT47/15; VT47/16; VT47/41; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yeset Reconstructed

root. beginning

The root ᴹ√ESE(T) “precede” and ᴹ√SET “precede forward” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. esse “beginning”, ᴹQ. esta “first”, and N. seth {“first” >>} “forth”, but the ᴹ√SET forms were rejected and the ᴹ√ESE(T) forms marked with a “?”, being in conflict with ᴹ√ES “indicate, name” (Ety/ESE; EtyAC/SET). The appearance of Q. yesta “beginning” and Q. Yestarë “first day of the year” in later writings (LotR/1108-1109; PE17/120) indicate the root was probably revised to ✱√YESET.

minya

ordinal. first

Primitive elvish [VT42/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anga

root. iron

The root √ANGA was established as the Primitive Elvish root for “iron” quite early in Tolkien’s writing, with the derivatives Q. anga and S. ang. The form ANGA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/31) serving as both the root and the Early Qenya form, and G. ang appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/19). The root ᴹ√ANGĀ reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/ANGĀ), and it appeared once more in notes associated with The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 (PM/366).

Primitive elvish [PM/366] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khy-

root. other

Tolkien used a variety of different roots for “otherness” and “or” throughout his life. The earliest of these was ᴱ√VARA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, unglossed but with derivatives like ᴱQ. vára “other”, ᴱQ. var “or”, ᴱQ. varya “different” and ᴱQ. varimo “foreigner” (QL/100). Similar words in the Gnomish lexicon such as G. far(o)n “separate, different, strange” and G. faronwed “foreign” seem to be based on a distinct but possibly related root, apparently being derived from G. far- “separate, sever, divide” (GL/34). The Gnomish words for “otherness” seem to be based on the (hypothetical) root ✱ᴱ√ELE, such as G. el “or” and G. eleg “other, else” (GL/32); see the entry on ✱ᴱ√ELE for further discussion.

In the Early Qenya Grammar, the “other” words were based on ᴱQ. etya (comparative) and ᴱQ. nyanya (general), but these words were on a page of demonstratives and their primitive basis isn’t clear (PE14/55). The next published “or” word was S. egor from the King’s Letter in the omitted epilogue to The Lord of the Rings, written towards the very end of the 1940s (SD/129).

The next set of “or/other” words do not appear until the 1960s. The primitive form ✶khē̆ appears in notes on reflexives from 1965 as the basis for Q. “him, the other” (VT49/15). In rough notes on numbers written in the late 1960s, Tolkien gave the possibly-related root √KES “other”, with derivatives Q. exa “other” and Q. exe “the other”, apparently adjective and noun (VT47/40). Finally in some notes written in 1968 or later, Tolkien gave the primitive element √KHY- “other”, with derivatives Q. hye “other person”, Q. hya “other thing”, and Q. hyana “other [adjective]” (VT49/14).

These primitive forms also seem to be connected to various words Tolkien considered for “or” in the Ambidexters Sentence composed in 1969: khe >> hela >> hya (VT49/14). Patrick Wynne suggested the first two of these might be connected to 1965 ✶khē̆, and the last one to 1968+ √KHY-. This last root may also be connected to Q. ahya- “change” (circa 1960); if so Tolkien may have been vacillating among various possible forms throughout the 1960s.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is better to use √KHY- and its derivatives, since they are a more comprehensive paradigm including the best available Quenya word for “or”.

Primitive elvish [VT49/14; VT49/15] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gak Reconstructed

root. steel

ler

root. free

A root appearing twice in a list of roots from 1959-60, the first time described as “free (of moveable things or moving things), able to move as willed, unimpeded, unhampered, loose, not fixed fast or static” and the second time as “am free to do, sc., am under no restraint (physical or other)” (VT41/5-6). In the second instance it was compared to √POL which had the sense of being physically able to do something. It seems that √LER = “able to do something because there is nothing preventing it” vs. √POL = “able to something because of physical ability”. It might also be contrasted with √LEK which has the sense of freeing something that was once bound, whereas with √LER the thing that is free may have never been bound in the first place.

Primitive elvish [PE17/160; VT41/05; VT41/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

angā

noun. iron

Primitive elvish [PM/347] Group: Eldamo. Published by

henet

root. middle

Primitive elvish [VT41/16] Group: Eldamo. Published by

imbi

preposition. between

Primitive elvish [NM/355; PE17/092; VT47/11; VT47/14; VT47/30] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laikā

adjective. green

Primitive elvish [Let/282] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mīni

preposition. between

Primitive elvish [VT47/11] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nom Reconstructed

root. place

A hypothetical root serving as the basis for Q. nómë “place”.

imin

masculine name. One

Primitive elvish [NM/055; NM/060; WJ/380; WJ/421; WJI/Imin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khyana

adjective. other

Primitive elvish [VT49/14] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min

cardinal. one

Primitive elvish [NM/060; WJ/421] Group: Eldamo. Published by

en

root. name

Noldorin 

esgar

noun. shore

Noldorin [VT/46:14] Group: SINDICT. Published by

falas

noun. beach, wave-beaten shore, line of surf

Noldorin [Ety/381, S/431, RC/18, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

falas

noun. the western coast of Beleriand

Noldorin [Ety/381, S/431, RC/18, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

criss

noun. cleft, cut, slash

Noldorin [Ety/365, VT/45:23] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eregdos

noun. holly, holly-tree

Noldorin [Ety/356, Ety/379, Ety/395] ereg+toss. Group: SINDICT. Published by

gem

adjective. sickly

An adjective for “sickly” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√GENG-WA “sick” (Ety/GENG-WĀ), where the ancient cluster ngw became mb as usual in Noldorin and Sindarin.

Noldorin [Ety/GENG-WĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ech

noun. spine

The Etymologies as published gloss this word as "spear", but the correct reading is provided in VT/45

Noldorin [Ety/355, VT/45:12] Group: SINDICT. Published by

he

pronoun. she

eneg

cardinal. six

Noldorin [Ety/ÉNEK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ethuil

noun. spring

celw

noun. spring, source

Noldorin [Ety/363, X/W] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eneg

cardinal. six

Noldorin [Ety/356, VT/42:25,31, VT/48:6,8] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eredh

noun. seed, germ

Noldorin [Ety/356] Group: SINDICT. Published by

falathren

noun/adjective. Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech)

Noldorin [Ety/381, PM/32, PM/55] falas+-ren. Group: SINDICT. Published by

flaew

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

Noldorin [Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gem

adjective. sickly

Noldorin [Ety/358] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gemb

adjective. sickly

Noldorin [Ety/358] Group: SINDICT. Published by

he

pronoun. she

Noldorin [Ety/385] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hen

pronoun. she

Noldorin [Ety/385] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hen(e)

pronoun. she

hene

pronoun. she

Noldorin [Ety/385] Group: SINDICT. Published by

minei

adjective. single, distinct, unique

Noldorin [Ety/373, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tellein

noun. sole of foot

Noldorin [Ety/384, Ety/390, VT/46:12] tâl+rein. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tellen

noun. sole of foot

Noldorin [Ety/384, Ety/390, VT/46:12] tâl+rein. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tellœin

noun. sole of foot

Noldorin [Ety/384, Ety/390, VT/46:12] tâl+rein. Group: SINDICT. Published by

thlaew

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

Noldorin [Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

thloew

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

Noldorin [Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ereg

place name. First

Earlier name for the river S. Erui from Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, apparently a Noldorin word meaning ereg “first” (TI/312, WR/436).

Noldorin [TI/312; TII/Ereg; WR/436; WRI/Erui] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ídh

noun. Rest

Rest

Noldorin [name of spouse of Lorien PE 19:45] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

edhen

adjective. first

Noldorin [EtyAC/EDE] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ereg

adjective. first

amrûn

noun. east, orient

Noldorin [Ety/348, Ety/384, S/437, LotR/E] am+rhûn "uprising, sunrise". Group: SINDICT. Published by

eithel

noun. issue of water, spring, well

Noldorin [Ety/363, S/430, S/433, WJ/85, TC/187] Group: SINDICT. Published by

leithian

noun. release, freeing, release from bondage

Noldorin [Ety/368, S/406, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lheithian

noun. release, freeing, release from bondage

Noldorin [Ety/368, S/406, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhûn

noun. east

Noldorin [Ety/384, S/436, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

thanc

adjective. cleft, split, forked

Noldorin [Orthanc S/415, Ety/388] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cîl

noun. cleft, pass between hills, gorge

Noldorin [Ety/365] Group: SINDICT. Published by

falathren

noun/adjective. of the shore

Noldorin [Ety/381, PM/32, PM/55] falas+-ren. Group: SINDICT. Published by

faur

noun. beach, shore

Noldorin [VT/46:15] Group: SINDICT. Published by

leithia-

verb. to release

Noldorin [Ety/368, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lheitho

verb. to release

Noldorin [Ety/368, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

Noldorin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhufen

noun. east

Noldorin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ha

pronoun. it

Noldorin [Ety/S; TI/182] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ho

pronoun. he

ang

noun. iron

Noldorin [Ety/ANGĀ; Ety/WED] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erch

noun. prickle

Noldorin [Ety/ERÉK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glaw

noun. radiance

min

cardinal. one

Noldorin [Ety/MINI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhain

adjective. free

Noldorin [EtyAC/RAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ang

noun. iron

Noldorin [Ety/348, S/428, PM/347] Group: SINDICT. Published by

angren

adjective. of iron

Noldorin [Ety/348, S/428] Group: SINDICT. Published by

calen

adjective. green

Noldorin [Ety/362, S/429, Letters/282, RC/349, VT/42:19] Etym. "bright-coloured". Group: SINDICT. Published by

ereg

noun. holly-tree, thorn

Noldorin [Ety/356, S/431] Group: SINDICT. Published by

er-

prefix. alone, one

Noldorin [VT/42:19] Group: SINDICT. Published by

erch

noun. prickle

Noldorin [Ety/356] Group: SINDICT. Published by

falf

noun. foam, breaker

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

faltha-

verb. to foam

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

glaw

noun. radiance

Noldorin [Ety/362] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ha

pronoun. it

Noldorin [Ety/385, LotR/II:IV, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hana

pronoun. it

Noldorin [Ety/385, LotR/II:IV, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hana

pronoun. it

ho

pronoun. he

Noldorin [Ety/385, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hon

pronoun. he

Noldorin [Ety/385, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hon(o)

pronoun. he

hono

pronoun. he

Noldorin [Ety/385, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhain

adjective. free, freed

Noldorin [Ety/368, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhein

adjective. free, freed

Noldorin [Ety/368, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Black Speech

ash

cardinal. one

Black Speech [LotR/0254; PE17/011] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ash

cardinal. one

Black Speech [PE17/11] Published by

Adûnaic

sakal Reconstructed

noun. shore

This word is attested only in Sakalthôr, whose Quenya name is Falassion (UT/223). The first element of the Quenya name seems to be falassë “shore”, so the first element of his Adûnaic name probably has the same meaning, as suggested by several authors (AAD/22, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/SAK’L).

hi

pronoun. she

A pronominal prefix, the feminine singular pronoun “she” (SD/247). It appears in the pseudo-phrase hi-Akallabêth “She-that-hath-fallen” in the sentence êphal êphalak îdô hi-Akallabêth and in the verb form hikalba “[she] fell” in the sentence Anadûnê zîrân hikalba “Númenor beloved fell (down)”. See the entry on pronominal-prefixes for more discussion.

khibil

noun. spring

A noun translated “spring” and fully declined as an example of a Strong I noun (SD/430).

u

pronoun. he

A well-attested pronominal prefix, the masculine singular pronoun “he” (SD/433). See the entry on pronominal-prefixes for more discussion. Tolkien said that it had another variant hu- (SD/433), but this variant was only appears in the early and rejected hunekkū, which was changed to unekkū (see nakh-). Tolkien further indicated that the form u- primitively had an initial consonant [ɣ] or [ʔ] that was lost (SD/433).

Quendya 

twílë

noun. spring

ezel(la)

adjective. green

Telerin 

enec

cardinal. six

Telerin [VT48/06; VT48/08; VT48/21] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enetya

ordinal. sixth

Erde

noun. Rest

Rest

Telerin [name of spouse of Lorien PE 19:45] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

éde

feminine name. Repose

Telerin [PE19/092; WJ/403; WJ/404; WJI/Estë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minya

ordinal. first

anga

noun. iron

ened

adjective. middle

er

cardinal. one

min

cardinal. one

Nandorin 

enel

preposition. between, in the middle

This form was supposedly recorded by the Loremasters (VT47:39). It is derived from a variant of the root ÉNED- "centre" (LR:356), since "d and l interchanged frequently in Common Eldarin" (VT47:39).

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger (LR:356, VT47:39)] < ÉNED-. Published by

lego

adjective. green

Nandorin [Let/282; PE17/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

sliw

root. sickly

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sickly”, with derivatives like ᴹQ. laiwa/N. flaew “sickly, sick, ill” and ᴹQ. líve/N. fliw “sickness” (Ety/SLIW). The root was first written as ᴹ√LIW (EtyAC/LIW). It is probably a later iteration of the unglossed root ᴱ√LEẆE from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives ᴱQ. leuke “sick, ill; pallid, wan” and ᴱQ. leume “sickness” (QL/53).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SLIW; EtyAC/LIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sī̆/sē̆

pronoun. she

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/S] Group: Eldamo. Published by

settā

adjective. first

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/SET] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enek

root. six

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÉNEK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eredē

noun. seed

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ERÉD; EtyAC/ERÉD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

edenā

adjective. first

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/EDE] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phal

root. foam

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NYEL; Ety/PHAL; Ety/SPAL; EtyAC/SPAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anga

root. iron

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ANGĀ; EtyAC/ANGĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glā

noun. radiance

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KAL; EtyAC/KAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kil

root. divide

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KIL; Ety/THOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ta

root. that

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TA; PE18/033; PE18/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

solme

noun. wave

A noun for “wave” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the root ᴱ√SOLO (QL/85). It was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/85).

Early Quenya [LT1A/Solosimpi; PME/085; QL/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sorakte

noun. beach

A word glossed “beach, etc.” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of the prefix ᴱQ. so- “together” with ᴱQ. rakte “pile, heap” (QL/85). It was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/85).

Early Quenya [PME/085; QL/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sanda

adjective. that

Early Quenya [PE14/055; PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

santo

pronoun. that

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

akse

noun. steel

Early Quenya [PE14/048; PE14/081; PE15/77] Group: Eldamo. Published by

talas

noun. sole

Early Quenya [LT2A/Talceleb; PME/088; QL/088] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yakse

noun. steel

Early Quenya [GL/37; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aksina

adjective. steel

Early Quenya [PE15/77] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enekse

cardinal. six

yaisa

noun. steel

erus(ta)

noun/adjective. outside

Early Quenya [QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uilosse

noun. foam

A (rejected) noun in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s glossed “foam” (PE16/139). Its etymology is unclear.

Early Quenya [PE16/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eressea

adjective. lonely

Early Quenya [GL/33; LT1A/Tol Eressëa; PE14/047; PE14/079; PE15/74; PME/036; QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kisin

adjective. cleft

Early Quenya [QL/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

piosenna

noun. holly

Early Quenya [LT2A/Silpion; PME/074; QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ailin

noun. shore

A word for “shore” in the ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya poem and its draft of the late 1920s (MC/213, 221), in one place given an archaic form aile and a translation “beach” (PE16/75). In the version of the Markirya poem from the 1960s, this word became Q. hresta (MC/221-222), whereas Q. ailin itself usually meant “lake” in later writings.

Early Quenya [MC/213; MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/066; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/075; PE16/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

en(ek)kea

cardinal. sixteen

Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ende

cardinal. six

Early Quenya [PME/035; QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enqe

cardinal. six

Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mile

noun. seed

Early Quenya [QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tuilére

noun. Spring

Early Quenya [LT1A/Tuilérë; LT1I/Tuilérë; PME/096; QL/040; QL/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

welwe

noun. spring

Early Quenya [QL/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enetya

ordinal. sixth

Early Quenya [PE14/051; PE14/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

welme

noun. spring

erefainu

noun. release

Early Quenya [QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minya

ordinal. first

Early Quenya [PE14/051; PE14/082; PE14/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erevainu

noun. release

hoiye

noun. foam

A noun in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s glossed “foam” (PE16/136). Its etymology is unclear.

Early Quenya [PE16/136] Group: Eldamo. Published by

marmale

noun. beach

A noun for “beach” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. marma “sand” (QL/63). It was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/63).

Early Quenya [PME/063; QL/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tu

pronoun. he

Early Quenya [PE14/046; PE14/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laiqa

adjective. green

Early Quenya [GL/39; LT1A/Tári-Laisi; MC/214; MC/216; MC/221; PE14/083; PE15/28; PE16/056; PE16/062; PE16/065; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/100; PE16/104; PE16/139; PME/052; QL/052; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mir

cardinal. one

Early Quenya [LT1A/Minethlos; PME/061; QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tóle

noun. centre

Early Quenya [LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

a

pronoun. it

Early Quenya [PE14/046] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anga

noun. iron

Early Quenya [GL/19; LT1/100; LT1A/Angamandi; LT1A/Tilkal; PE13/159; PE14/107; QL/031; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

en(we)

noun. name

Early Quenya [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ento

adverb. next

Early Quenya [LFC/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

faika

adjective. free

Early Quenya [QL/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

faire

adjective. free

Early Quenya [LT1A/Dor Faidwen; PE12/016; QL/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

falmo

noun. foam

Early Quenya [LT1A/Falman; QL/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mekta

adjective. centre

Early Quenya [QL/047; QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

meqa

adjective. middle

Early Quenya [QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

metl

noun. centre

Early Quenya [PME/060; QL/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ne

conjunction. that

Early Quenya [PE14/052; PE14/054; PE14/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qímar

noun. phantom

Early Quenya [MC/213] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tanya

adjective. that

Early Quenya [MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tongo

noun. iron

Early Quenya [QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

varivoite

adjective. foreign

Early Quenya [PME/057; QL/057; QL/100] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vára

adjective. other

Early Quenya [QL/100] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aile

noun. beach

el

adverb/adjective. one

laika

adjective. green

Qenya 

sa

pronoun. that

sana

adjective. that

eresse

noun. solitude

esta

adjective. first

Qenya [Ety/ESE; EtyAC/SET] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erkasse

noun. holly

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. erkasse “holly” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√ERÉK “thorn” (Ety/ERÉK). In a rejected page from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s, Tolkien had ᴹQ. erke “holly” derived from the same root (PE22/127). For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the (non-rejected) 1930s ercassë “holly”.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, Tolkien had ᴱQ. piosenna “holly”, a combination of ᴱQ. pio “berry” and ᴱQ. senna “red-brown” (QL/83; PME/83).

esse

noun. name

Qenya [Ety/ES; PE22/022; PE22/051; PE22/124; SD/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

esse

noun. place

esse

noun. beginning

eressea

adjective. lonely

falasse

noun. beach

hinna

adverb. still

@@@ perhaps an allative form of ✶khĭn- meaning “(up) to now, hitherto” as suggested by Lokyt in a Discord chat on 2021-12-03

kelulinde

noun. spring

A word for “spring” in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. kelu- “flow” and ᴹQ. linde “pool” (PE21/10). ᴱQ. kelusindi “river (near its source)” = ᴱQ. kelu- + sindi from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s is similar in structure (QL/46).

aiano

noun. stranger

engwa

adjective. sickly

Qenya [Ety/GENG-WĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enqe

cardinal. six

ette

adverb/adjective. outside

erde

noun. repose

enna

adjective. first

inga

adjective. first

minya

ordinal. first

falle

noun. foam

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “foam” derived from the root ᴹ√PHAL of the same meaning (Ety/PHAL).

i

pronoun. that

Qenya [PE22/118; PE22/124; VT27/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mirima

adjective. free

(a)ranya

adjective. free

anga

noun. iron

Qenya [Ety/ANGĀ; EtyAC/ANGĀ; PE22/021; PE22/022; PE22/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enya

adjective. middle, *central, middle

erke

noun. holly

ettelea

adjective. foreign

Qenya [Ety/ET; EtyAC/ET] Group: Eldamo. Published by

faire

noun. radiance

laiqa

adjective. green

min

cardinal. one

Qenya [Ety/MINI; EtyAC/MINI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

the

pronoun. it

Qenya [PE22/119; PE22/123] Group: Eldamo. Published by

in

pronoun. that

mine

cardinal. one

ranya

adjective. free

Gnomish

sectha

noun/adjective. centre

segrin

adjective. middle

gais

noun. steel

Gnomish [GL/37; LT1A/Ilsaluntë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

osp(a)

noun. foam

A noun “foam” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with variants osp and ospa (GL/63), probably derived from the root ᴱ√Palas (QL/72).

falas

noun. beach

aithl

noun. spring

Gnomish [GL/18; GL/25; GL/31; LT2A/Ecthelion; PE13/108] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tuil

noun. spring

Gnomish [GL/31; GL/47; GL/71; LT1A/Tuilérë; LT2A/Duilin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aithyl

noun. spring

hairen

feminine name. Spring

Gnomish [GL/47; LT1A/Tuilérë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ûthi

noun. outside

er

adjective. one

Gnomish [GL/32; LT1A/Tol Eressëa] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laib

adjective. green

Gnomish [GL/39; GL/52; LT1A/Tári-Laisi; PE15/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ang

noun. iron

Gnomish [GL/19; GL/48; LT1A/Angaino; LT1A/Angamandi; LT1A/Eriol; PE13/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enn

noun. name

faronwed

adjective. foreign

fegrin

adjective. free

o-

conjunction. he

on

pronoun. he

Gnomish [GL/51; GL/62] Group: Eldamo. Published by

erw

adverb. only

Early Noldorin

thlos

noun. shore, shore; [G.] breaker

A noun glossed “shore” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/154). In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s there was a similar word G. thloss “breaker” derived from ᴱ√thol-, as well as an earlier (rejected?) word G. thloth “breakers, waves, surf” (GL/73). The Early Noldorin word was thus likely of similar derivation. The Gnomish word G. thloss was “confused with flass, floss” (GL/35, 73), but there are no signs of this in Early Noldorin.

Early Noldorin [PE13/146; PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

garth

noun. place, place, [G.] district

Early Noldorin [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ang

noun. iron

Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhaiw

adjective. green

Early Noldorin [PE13/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

ene

root. six

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Westron

raza

noun. stranger

razan

adjective. foreign

Primitive adûnaic

hi Reconstructed

root. she

A Primitive Adûnaic form attested as i “she” (SD/435), but given the later feminine pronoun Ad. hi, the actual primitive pronoun must have been ✱HI [xi]. The suffix -i was also a common feature of Classical Adûnaic feminine-nouns.

Primitive adûnaic [SD/435] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ʒu Reconstructed

root. he

A Primitive Adûnaic form attested as u “he” (SD/435), but given the later Adûnaic pronoun Ad. u or hu “he”, the actual primitive pronoun may have been ✱ƷU [ɣu], ✱ʔU or ✱HU [xu], as Tolkien indicated in a footnote (SD/433, note #7). The suffix -u was also a common feature of Classical Adûnaic masculine-nouns.

Primitive adûnaic [SD/435] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

gwene

adjective. green

An adjective for “green” derived from the root ᴹ√GWEN (Ety/GWEN). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. wenya suggests its primitive form was ✱✶gwenyā [gwenjā]. If so, it is an example of how, after [[ilk|final [a] was lost]], the [[ilk|final [j] became [i]]] and then became [e], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/gwene).

Doriathrin [Ety/GWEN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

reg

noun. holly

A Doriathrin noun for “holly” attested only in the plural forms regin and region (Ety/ERÉK). It also appeared as an element in the word regorn “holly-tree”. It seems that the latter word replaced reg in the singular, and the original survived only in the plurals, as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/regorn).

Doriathrin [Ety/ERÉK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

er Reconstructed

cardinal. one

The Ilkorin word for “one” attested only in the name Ermabuin or Ermab(r)in “One-handed” (Ety/MAP).

Old Noldorin 

phaire

noun. radiance

Old Noldorin [Ety/PHAY] Group: Eldamo. Published by