Quenya 

rotsë

pipe

rotsë noun "pipe" (LT2:347); pl. rotser (?) in Narqelion? (Cf. QL:xiv)

russa

red-haired

russa adj. "red-haired" (VT41:10)

russa

adjective. red-haired

Cognates

  • S. ross “red-haired, copper-coloured” ✧ VT41/10

Derivations

  • russā “red-haired, copper-coloured”
    • RUS “brownish red”

Element in

urus

copper

urus (urust-) noun "copper" (VT41:10)

urus

noun. copper

Cognates

  • S. rust “copper” ✧ VT41/10
  • T. urus “copper” ✧ VT41/10

Derivations

  • RUS “brownish red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
(u)rus > urus[urusto] > [urust] > [urus]✧ VT41/10

rin

dew

rin noun "dew" (LT1:265; rather rossë in LotR-style Quenya)

ulo

noun. rain

Quenya [PE 22:167] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ulo

noun. rain

A noun for “rain” in Late Notes on Verbs from 1969 given as {ulla >>} ulo in the phrase ulo úva “rain (unwelcome) is coming”, clearly related to the impersonal verb ul- “to rain” appearing in its future form on the same page: uluva “it will rain” (PE22/167).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, the noun for “rain” was ᴱQ. úqil, likewise related to the contemporaneous verb ᴱQ. uqin “it rains” (QL/98).

Changes

  • ullaulo “rain” ✧ PE22/167

Derivations

  • UL “pour (out), flow, pour (out), flow, [ᴱ√] flow fast”

Element in

  • Q. ulo úva “rain (unwelcome) is coming/threatens” ✧ PE22/167
  • ᴺQ. ulutelme “umbrella, rainshade”

Variations

  • ulla ✧ PE22/167 (ulla)

winga

foam, spray

winga noun "foam, spray" (Markirya). Also wingë.

fallë

foam

fallë noun "foam" (PHAL/PHÁLAS)

rauta

metal

rauta noun "metal" [meaning changed by Tolkien from "copper"]. Notice that in the LotR, the word for metal is given as tinco. (RAUTĀ)

simpa

pipe, flute

simpa noun "pipe, flute" (LT1:266)

timpinë

spray

timpinë noun "spray" (LT1:268)

tinco

metal

tinco noun "metal" (TINKŌ), also name of tengwa #1 (Appendix E, there spelt "tinco", but "tinko" in Etym); tincotéma noun "t-series", dental series, first column of the Tengwar system (Appendix E)

tinco

noun. metal

Derivations

Element in

Quenya [LotR/1122; PE17/123] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tambë

copper

tambë (2) noun "copper" (LT1:250; this is "Qenya"; see urus for a later word for "copper")

tampë

copper

tampë noun "copper" (LT1:268; in LotR-style Quenya tampë is [also?] the past tense of tap- "stop, block")

wingë

foam, crest of wave, crest

wingë noun "foam, crest of wave, crest" (WIG); "foam, spindrift" (LT1:273). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, wingë was also the name of tengwa #24, which letter Tolkien would later call wilya > vilya instead. - Also winga (so in Markirya).

alca-

verb. glitter

glitter

Quenya [PE 18:87] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

falasta-

to foam

falasta- vb. "to foam", participle falastala "foaming, surging" in Markirya

mirilya-

glitter

mirilya- vb. "glitter" (MBIRIL)

simpina

pipe, flute

simpina noun "pipe, flute" (LT1:266)

Sindarin 

ross

noun. foam

n. foam. >> hross

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:121] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ross

noun. rain

Sindarin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ross

adjective. red-haired, copper coloured (especially used of animals, as fox, red deer, etc.)

Sindarin [VT/41:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ross

adjective. red-haired, copper-coloured

Cognates

  • Q. russa “red-haired” ✧ VT41/10

Derivations

  • russā “red-haired, copper-coloured” ✧ PM/366; VT41/10
    • RUS “brownish red”
  • RUS “brownish red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

  • S. Amras “Top-russet”
  • S. Maedhros “*Shapely and Red-haired” ✧ PM/366; VT41/10

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
russā > ross[russā] > [russa] > [rossa] > [ross]✧ PM/366

Variations

  • ross ✧ PM/366; VT41/10; VT41/10
Sindarin [PM/366; VT41/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ross

noun. rain; spindrift, spray, foam, rain; spray, spindrift, foam

The best known Sindarin word for “rain” (MR/155; Ety/ROS¹), also used for “spindrift, spray” (PM/368) and “foam” (PE17/121), derived from the root √ROS (PM/368).

Conceptual Development: The earliest precursor to this word may be G. {nôs >>} G. noss or noth “rain” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/60), likely derived from the early root ᴱ√NOSO or ᴱ√NOTO which had Qenya derivatives of similar meaning (QL/67). The Etymologies of the 1930s instead had N. rhoss “rain” derived from the root ᴹ√ROS “distil, drip” (Ety/ROS¹), as seen in names from this period such as N. Celebros “Silver-rain” (Ety/ROS¹; LR/140), N. Silivros “Glimmering Rain” (Ety/ROS¹; LR/210), and N. Rauros “Rush-rain, Roar-rain” (TI/285).

In later writings Tolkien began to translate S. ross as “foam”, in names like S. Cair Andros “Ship of Long Foam” (LotR/1115; PM/371), S. Elros “Star-foam” (PM/349; Let/448) and S. Celebros “Foam-silver” (WJ/151). This word and its root gave Tolkien considerable difficulty, and in a 1968 essay labeled The Problem of Ros (PM/367-371), Tolkien first gave their meaning as “spray, spindrift”, but then explored the possibility that they were instead loan words from Bëorian. However, he was forced to abandon this line of reasoning when he remembered that S. Andros “Long-foam” has appeared in The Lord of the Rings appendices as a Sindarin word.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use the noun ross mainly with the sense “rain”. I would use gwing for “foam, spindrift”. However, to preserve words like Cair Andros, I would also allow the use of ross for any more or less continuous “spray of water”, such as with waterfalls as indicated by the name Rauros “Roaring Spray” (RC/327).

Derivations

  • rossē “dew, spray (of fall or fountain)”
    • ROS “spindrift, spray, spindrift, spray; [ᴹ√] distil, drip”
  • ROS “spindrift, spray, spindrift, spray; [ᴹ√] distil, drip” ✧ PM/368

Element in

  • S. Alphros
  • S. Cair Andros “Ship of Long Foam” ✧ PM/371; SA/ros
  • S. Celebros “Silver Foam, Silver Rain” ✧ SA/ros
  • S. Elros “Star-foam” ✧ PM/368; PM/371; SA/ros
  • S. Rauros “Roaring Spray” ✧ SA/ros
  • ᴺS. rostaur “rainforest”
  • S. Silivros “Sparkling Rain” ✧ MR/155

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ROS > ross-[rosse] > [ross]✧ PM/368

Variations

  • ross ✧ PE17/121
  • ross- ✧ PM/368; PM/368
Sindarin [MR/155; PE17/121; PM/368; PM/371; SA/ros] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hross

noun. foam

n. foam. >> ross

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:121] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rust

noun. copper

Sindarin [VT/41:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rust

noun. copper

Cognates

  • Q. urus “copper” ✧ VT41/10

Derivations

  • RUS “brownish red” ✧ VT41/10

Element in

  • S. rustui “copper, copper, *of copper, like copper” ✧ VT41/10

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
(u)rus > rust[uruste] > [urust] > [urust] > [rust]✧ VT41/10

rustui

adjective. of copper

Sindarin [VT/41:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rustui

adjective. copper, copper, *of copper, like copper

raud

noun. metal

Sindarin [Ety/383, X/RH] Generalized from OS *rauta "copper". Group: SINDICT. Published by

raud

noun. metal

Element in

  • S. Rodëol “metal of Eöl” ✧ WJ/322

galenas

noun. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana

Sindarin [LotR/V:VIII] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mîdh

noun. dew, dew, *moisture, damp(ness); [ᴱN.] mist, drizzle

A Sindarin word for “dew” given as míð in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s as a derivative of ✶mizdē “drizzle” (PE19/101), illustrating how [[os|[z] vanished before [d] lengthening preceding vowel]] in (Old) Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: N. mîdh “dew” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the same derivation as given above (Ety/MIZD), though Tolkien first wrote its gloss as “fine rain” (EtyAC/MIZD). This deleted gloss seems to be a remnant of ᴱN. midh “mist, drizzle” from Early Noldorin Word-lists, but there its primitive form was ᴱ✶míye (PE13/150).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would extend the meaning of this word to include “✱moisture, damp(ness)” in general, especially as the result of a previous rain.

Derivations

  • mizdē “drizzle” ✧ PE19/101
    • MIZDI “*fine rain, dew”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
mizdē > míð[mizdē] > [mizde] > [mīde] > [mīðe] > [mīð]✧ PE19/101

Variations

  • míð ✧ PE19/101
Sindarin [PE19/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mîdh

noun. dew

dew

Sindarin [PE 19:101] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

mîdh

dew

1) mîdh (i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh), 2) ross (construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

mîdh

dew

(i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh)

tinc

metal

tinc (i dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud appears with different meanings in later sources (see

tinc

metal

(i** dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud**metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud** appears with different meanings in later sources (see

tinc

eminent

should at least be preferred for clarity).

ross

foam

(construct ros) (rain, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss) (Letters:282). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”

ross

red-haired

ross (russet, copper-coloured, reddish), pl. ryss. _(PM:366, VT41:9) _Note: homophones mean ””foam, rain, dew, spray” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

ross

red-haired

(russet, copper-coloured, reddish), pl. ryss. (PM:366, VT41:9) Note: homophones mean ””foam, rain, dew, spray” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

ross

copper-coloured

(russet, red-haired, reddish), pl. ryss. (PM:366, VT41:9) Note: homophones mean ””foam, rain, dew, spray” and also ”polished metal, glitter”

ross

glitter

ross (polished metal), pl. ryss (idh ryss). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”.

ross

glitter

(polished metal), pl. ryss (idh ryss). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”.

ross

rain

ross (construct ros) (foam, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

ross

rain

(construct ros) (foam, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

ross

polished metal

(glitter), pl. ryss (idh** ryss**). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”. For concrete metals, see

ross

dew

(construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

ross

spray

(construct ros) (foam, rain, dew), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

ross

polished metal

ross (glitter), pl. ryss (idh ryss). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”. For concrete metals, see COPPER, GOLD, IRON, SILVER. Unidentified metals: 1) mithril (i vithril, no distinct pl. form except with article [i mithril], coll. pl. ?mithrillath). The description of mithril may seem to fit titanium. 2) galvorn (i **alvorn, pl. gelvyrn [in ngelvyrn**] if there is a pl.), a black metal made by the Dark Elf Eöl. (WJ:322)

ross

polished metal

ross (glitter), pl. ryss (idh ryss). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”.

ross

noun. polished metal

ross

reddish

ross (russet, copper-coloured, red-haired), pl. ryss. _(PM:366, VT41:9) Note: homophones mean ””foam, rain, dew, spray” and also ”polished metal, glitter” )_

ross

reddish

(russet, copper-coloured, red-haired), pl. ryss. (PM:366, VT41:9) Note: homophones mean ””foam, rain, dew, spray” and also ”polished metal, glitter” )

rust

copper

rust, pl. ryst (idh ryst) if there is a pl. Possibly also ?urun (pl. yryn if there is a pl.).

rust

copper

pl. ryst (idh ryst) if there is a pl.  Possibly also ?urun (pl. yryn if there is a pl.).

galvorn

copper, gold,  iron, silver

(i** ’alvorn, pl. gelvyrn [in ngelvyrn*] if there is a pl.), a black metal made by the Dark Elf Eöl. (WJ:322)*

mithril

copper, gold,  iron, silver

(i** vithril, no distinct pl. form except with article [i** mithril], coll. pl. ?mithrillath). The description of mithril may seem to fit titanium.

eilia

rain

(vb.) eilia-, impersonal 3rd singular uil "it rains". (In ”Noldorin”, the impersonal form was "oeil" = öil, later eil.)

eilia

rain

impersonal 3rd singular uil "it rains". (In ”Noldorin”, the impersonal form was "oeil" = öil, later eil.)

falf

foam

(breaker), pl. felf, coll. pl. falvath

faltha

foam

(i faltha, i falthar)

faltha

foam

(verb) faltha- (i faltha, i falthar)

gaer

copper-coloured

1) gaer (red, reddish, ruddy); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea". 2) ross (russet, red-haired, reddish), pl. ryss. _(PM:366, VT41:9) _Note: homophones mean ””foam, rain, dew, spray” and also ”polished metal, glitter”

gaer

copper-coloured

(red, reddish, ruddy); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. (This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” goer.) Note: homophones mean "dreadful, awful, fearful; holy" and also "sea".

gwing

foam

(i ’wing) (spindrift, spume, spray blown off wave-tops), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwing)

gwing

foam

1) gwing (i **wing) (spindrift, spume, spray blown off wave-tops), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwing), 2) ross (construct ros) (rain, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss) (Letters:282). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”, 3) falf (breaker), pl. felf, coll. pl. falvath**

urun

noun. copper

Derivations

  • URUN “copper”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

aglar

glitter

aglar (brilliance, glory), pl. eglair if there is a pl.

aglar

glitter

(brilliance, glory), pl. eglair if there is a pl.

gwing

spray

1) (blown off wave-tops) gwing (i **wing) (foam, spindrift, spume), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwing); 2) (of fall or fountain) ross (construct ros) (foam, rain, dew), pl. ryss (idh ryss**). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

gwing

spray

(i ’wing) (foam, spindrift, spume), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwing)

Telerin 

urus

noun. copper

Cognates

  • Q. urus “copper” ✧ VT41/10

Derivations

  • RUS “brownish red” ✧ VT41/10

Primitive elvish

russā

adjective. red-haired, copper-coloured

Derivations

  • RUS “brownish red”

Derivatives

  • Q. russa “red-haired”
  • S. ross “red-haired, copper-coloured” ✧ PM/366; VT41/10

Element in

  • Q. Russandol “Copper-top” ✧ PM/366; VT41/10
Primitive elvish [PM/366; VT41/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

urun

root. copper

Derivatives

  • ᴺS. urun “copper”

Element in

  • Q. Urundil “Copper-lover” ✧ PM/366
Primitive elvish [PM/366] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

rhoss

noun. rain

Noldorin [Ety/384, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhoss

noun. rain

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rosse “fine rain, dew” ✧ Ety/ROS¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ROS “distil, drip” ✧ Ety/ROS¹

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ROS¹ > rhoss[rosse] > [ross] > [r̥oss]✧ Ety/ROS¹

Variations

  • rhoss ✧ Ety/ROS¹
Noldorin [Ety/ROS¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rhoss

noun. polished metal

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. russe “corruscation, †sword-blade” ✧ Ety/RUS

Derivations

  • On. russe “polished metal” ✧ Ety/RUS
    • ᴹ√RUS “flash, glitter of metal” ✧ Ety/RUS

Element in

  • N. Celebros “Silver Foam, Silver Rain” ✧ Ety/RUS
  • N. Findros ✧ Ety/RUS
  • N. Maidhros “Pale-glitter” ✧ Ety/RUS

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. russe > rhoss[russe] > [rosse] > [ross] > [r̥oss]✧ Ety/RUS

Variations

  • rhoss ✧ Ety/RUS (rhoss)

rhaud

noun. metal

Noldorin [Ety/383, X/RH] Generalized from OS *rauta "copper". Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhaud

noun. metal

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Derivations

  • On. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
    • ᴹ√RAUTA “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Element in

  • N. Damrod “hammerer of copper” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
  • N. Angrod ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
  • N. Finrod ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. rauta > rhaud[rauta] > [rǭta] > [routa] > [rauta] > [raut] > [r̥aut] > [r̥aud]✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
Noldorin [Ety/RAUTĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

faltha-

verb. to foam

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

falf

noun. foam, breaker

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mîdh

noun. dew

Noldorin [Ety/373] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mîdh

noun. dew

Changes

  • mídhmídh “fine rain” ✧ Ety/MIZD

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. miste “fine rain” ✧ Ety/MIZD

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶mizdē ✧ Ety/MIZD
    • ᴹ√MIZDI “*fine rain, dew” ✧ Ety/MIZD

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶mizdē > mídh[mizdē] > [mizde] > [mīde] > [mīðe] > [mīð]✧ Ety/MIZD

Variations

  • mídh ✧ Ety/MIZD; EtyAC/MIZD (mídh)
Noldorin [Ety/MIZD; EtyAC/MIZD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tinc

noun. metal

Noldorin [Ety/394] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tinc

noun. metal

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tinko “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TINKŌ “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TINKŌ > tinc[tiŋko] > [tiŋko] > [tiŋkʰo] > [tiŋxo] > [tiŋx] > [tiŋk]✧ Ety/TINKŌ
Noldorin [Ety/TINKŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

falle

noun. foam

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “foam” derived from the root ᴹ√PHAL of the same meaning (Ety/PHAL).

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PHAL “foam” ✧ Ety/PHAL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PHAL/PHÁLAS > falle[pʰalle] > [ɸalle] > [falle]✧ Ety/PHAL

rauta

noun. metal

Cognates

  • On. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
  • N. rhaud “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAUTA “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Nambarauto “Hammerer of Copper” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RAUTĀ > rauta[rautā] > [rauta]✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

tinko

noun. metal

Cognates

  • N. tinc “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TINKŌ “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TINKŌ > tinko[tiŋkō] > [tiŋko]✧ Ety/TINKŌ

Variations

  • tiñko ✧ PE22/050
Qenya [Ety/TINKŌ; PE22/022; PE22/050; PE22/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

russe

noun. polished metal

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. russe “corruscation, †sword-blade” ✧ Ety/RUS

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RUS “flash, glitter of metal” ✧ Ety/RUS

Derivatives

  • N. rhoss “polished metal” ✧ Ety/RUS

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RUS > russe[russe]✧ Ety/RUS
Old Noldorin [Ety/RUS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rauta

noun. metal

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAUTA “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Derivatives

  • N. rhaud “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RAUTĀ > rauta[rautā] > [rauta]✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
Old Noldorin [Ety/RAUTĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

ril

root. glitter

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. rille “brilliance” ✧ Ety/RIL
  • ᴹQ. rilma “glittering light” ✧ Ety/RIL
  • ᴹQ. rilya “glittering” ✧ Ety/RIL

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/MBIRIL; Ety/RIL; Ety/SIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phal

root. foam

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. falasse “beach” ✧ Ety/PHAL
  • ᴹQ. falle “foam” ✧ Ety/PHAL
  • ᴹQ. falma “(crested) wave” ✧ Ety/PHAL
  • ᴹQ. falmar(in) “sea-spirit, nymph, sea-spirit, nymph, [ᴱQ.] sea-fay (male), spirit of the sea foam” ✧ Ety/PHAL
  • N. falas “beach, shore” ✧ Ety/PHAL
  • N. falf “foam, breaker, foam, breaker, [G.] wave” ✧ Ety/PHAL
  • On. phalsa- “to foam” ✧ Ety/PHAL
    • N. faltha- “to foam” ✧ Ety/PHAL

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Falanyel “*Beach Singer” ✧ Ety/PHAL
  • N. Men Falros “*Place of Splashing Foam”
  • ᴹT. Fallinel “Teleri” ✧ Ety/NYEL; Ety/PHAL

Variations

  • PHAL/PHÁLAS ✧ Ety/PHAL; Ety/SPAL
  • PHAL/PHALAS ✧ EtyAC/SPAL
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NYEL; Ety/PHAL; Ety/SPAL; EtyAC/SPAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rauta

root. metal

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s, first glossed “copper” and then “metal”, with derivatives ᴹQ. rauta/N. rhaud “metal” and serving mainly to explain names like N. Angrod and N. Finrod (Ety/RAUTĀ). It might have reappeared in the name S. Rodëol “metal of Eöl” from later Silmarillion drafts (WJ/322), but by 1957 Tolkien was explaining the final element of S. Finrod as S. raud “noble” (PE17/49, 118), so I think it is likely that ᴹ√RAUTA “metal” was abandoned.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I’d use Q. tinco (LotR/1122) and its cognate [N.] tinc (Ety/TINKŌ) for “metal” words. For “copper” I'd use derivatives of √(U)RUS (VT41/10).

Changes

  • RAUTĀRAUTĀ “copper” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
  • On. rauta “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ
    • N. rhaud “metal” ✧ Ety/RAUTĀ

Element in

Variations

  • RAUTĀ ✧ Ety/NDAM; Ety/PHIN; Ety/RAUTĀ; Ety/RAUTĀ (RAUTĀ)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NDAM; Ety/PHIN; Ety/RAUTĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tinkō

root. metal

The “root” ᴹ√TINKŌ (more likely just a primitive word) appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “metal” and derivatives like ᴹQ. tinko/N. tinc of the same meaning (Ety/TINKŌ). The reappearance of Q. tinco “metal” in The Lord of the Rings appendices (LotR/1122) strongly indicates its ongoing validity.

ᴹ√TINKŌ may have replaced the root ᴱ√SINI “pale blue” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. sink “mineral, gem, metal” and G. sinc “metal” (QL/83; GL/67); these early mineral words were originally attributed to ᴱ√SṆT͡YṆ “twinkle” before they were transferred to ᴱ√SINI, leaving only derivatives like ᴱQ. sintl “crystal” and ᴱQ. sinty- “sparkle” under ᴱ√SṆT͡YṆ (QL/85). However, in notes from the late 1960s Tolkien had primitive ✶sinki as an element ✶sinkitamo, the basis for Q. sintamo “smith” (PE17/108). Likewise there is evidence of the earlier root in Q. sinca “flint” as in Q. sincahonda “flint-hearted” (LotR/979), initially given as ᴹQ. tingahondo in Lord of the Rings drafts (SD/68).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would definitely use ✶tink- = “metal”, but I think it is worth keeping ✶sinki = “✱mineral = any inorganic solid including both stone and metal” as a variant.

Derivatives

  • Q. tinco “metal”
  • ᴹQ. tinko “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ
  • N. tinc “metal” ✧ Ety/TINKŌ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TINKŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

ross

noun. pipe

Cognates

  • Eq. rotse “pipe, tube” ✧ LT2A/Rothwarin

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ROTO “hollow” ✧ GL/65; LT2A/Rothwarin
Gnomish [GL/65; LT2A/Rothwarin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noss

noun. rain

Changes

  • nôsnoss ✧ GL/61

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NOSO “*damp, wet”

Variations

  • noss ✧ GL/61
  • noth ✧ GL/61
  • nôs ✧ GL/61 (nôs)

osp(a)

noun. foam

A noun “foam” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with variants osp and ospa (GL/63), probably derived from the root ᴱ√Palas (QL/72).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√PALAS “*foam, splash”

Element in

  • G. ospa- “to seethe, foam, spout” ✧ GL/63
  • G. ospoth “froth” ✧ GL/63

Variations

  • osp ✧ GL/63
  • ospa ✧ GL/63

fuglathrod

noun. pipe

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a pipe”, a combination of G. fuglas “tobacco” and G. rod “tube” (GL/36).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would update this word to ᴺS. galenathrod “(smoking) pipe” using the later word galenas for “tobacco”.

drim

noun. dew

A word for “dew” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/30), probably related to the early root ᴱ√RIŊI given its derivative ᴱQ. rin (ring-) “dew” (QL/80).

Cognates

  • Eq. rin “dew”

Derivations

noth

noun. rain

sinc

noun. metal

A noun from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as G. sinc “metal” (GL/67), clearly the cognate of ᴱQ. sink “mineral, gem, metal” from the root ᴱ√SINI (QL/83).

Neo-Sindarin: I would retain this word for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, but would revise its sense to ᴺS. sinc “mineral”, derived from the primitive form ✶sinki (PE17/108) which may itself mean “✱mineral”; see that entry for discussion. I would use N. tinc for “metal”.

Cognates

  • Eq. sink “mineral, gem, metal”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SINI “pale blue‽”

Element in

  • G. sincli “crystal” ✧ GL/67

uch

noun. rain

A noun for “rain” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from primitive ᴱ✶ukko (GL/74), probably based on the early root ᴱ√UQU “wet” which had derivatives like ᴱQ. ukku “rainbow” (QL/98).

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶ukko “rain” ✧ GL/74
    • ᴱ√UQU “wet”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶ukko > uch[ukko] > [ukk] > [uxx] > [ux]✧ GL/74

tam

noun. copper

Cognates

  • Eq. tambe “copper, bronze” ✧ LT1A/Aulë

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TAMA “beat; smelt, forge” ✧ LT1A/Aulë

Element in

  • G. tambin “of copper” ✧ GL/69; LT1A/Aulë
  • G. tambrin “like copper” ✧ GL/69
  • G. tambos “cauldron” ✧ GL/69; LT1A/Aulë

Variations

  • tăm ✧ GL/69
Gnomish [GL/69; LT1A/Aulë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

ukko

noun. rain

Derivations

  • ᴱ√UQU “wet”

Derivatives

  • G. uch “rain” ✧ GL/74
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/74] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

uilosse

noun. foam

A (rejected) noun in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s glossed “foam” (PE16/139). Its etymology is unclear.

Early Quenya [PE16/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rin

noun. dew

A word for “dew” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√RIŊI (QL/80).

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√RIŊI “*cold” ✧ QL/080

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√RIŊI > rin[riŋg] > [rin]✧ QL/080

Variations

  • rin ✧ LT1A/Ringil; QL/080
Early Quenya [LT1A/Ringil; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

falmo

noun. foam

Derivations

  • ᴱ√FALA “*foam, wave” ✧ LT1A/Falman; QL/037

Element in

  • Eq. falmarin “sea-fay (male), spirit of the sea foam” ✧ LT1A/Falman

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√FALA > falmo[ɸalmō] > [ɸalmo] > [falmo]✧ QL/037

Variations

  • falma ✧ LT1A/Falman
Early Quenya [LT1A/Falman; QL/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hoiye

noun. foam

A noun in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s glossed “foam” (PE16/136). Its etymology is unclear.

Early Quenya [PE16/136] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uqis

noun. rain

úqil

noun. rain

Cognates

  • G. ubri “rainfall, rain”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√UQU “wet” ✧ QL/098

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√UQU > uqist-[ukʷist] > [ukʷis]✧ QL/098

Variations

  • uqist- ✧ QL/098
  • ūqil ✧ QL/098
Early Quenya [QL/098] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nóte

noun. dew

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. nōte “dew” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√NOSO (QL/67), and as ᴱQ. nóte “dew” in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/68). It also appeared as ᴱQ. nōtē­ in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s as a cognate of ᴱN. nûd “wet” (PE13/122).

Cognates

  • En. nûd “wet” ✧ PE13/122

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NOSO “*damp, wet” ✧ QL/067

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√NOTO > nōte[nōtē] > [nōte]✧ QL/067

Variations

  • nōtē- ✧ PE13/122
  • nōte ✧ PME/068; QL/067
Early Quenya [PE13/122; PME/068; QL/067] Group: Eldamo. Published by

timpine

noun. spray

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “spray”, derived from the root ᴱ√TIPI (QL/92).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TIPI “*spray” ✧ LT1A/Timpinen; QL/092

Element in

  • Eq. timpina “fine, powdered, sprayed” ✧ QL/092
  • Eq. timpínea “made of spray, full of fine showers, showery (of weather)” ✧ QL/092

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TIPI > timpine[timpinē] > [timpine]✧ QL/092

Variations

  • timpinë ✧ LT1A/Timpinen
Early Quenya [LT1A/Timpinen; PME/092; QL/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by