Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

the

pronoun. him, her, it (other)

Qenya [PE22/119; PE22/123; PE23/073; PE23/074; PE23/075; PE23/076; PE23/077; PE23/079; PE23/085; PE23/086; PE23/088; PE23/089; PE23/091; PE23/092; PE23/093; PE23/099; PE23/101; PE23/102; PE23/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

the·kare

the other makes

the·karir

the other ones make

he

pronoun. they

Qenya [PE22/106; PE22/115; PE22/118; PE22/123; PE22/127; PE23/075; PE23/079; PE23/095; PE23/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

se·linner ar the·línaner

they sang but the others were silent

he·meruvar i túro kárathe

they will wish that T. is (then) making it

inakilthe

they bite him [other]

i

article. the

Qenya [Ety/I¹; LR/072; LR/199; PE21/69; PE22/106; PE22/108; PE22/116; PE22/120; PE22/121; PE22/124; PE23/079; PE23/085; PE23/086; PE23/097; PE23/098; PE23/106; VT28/11] Group: Eldamo. Published by

faraste

noun. hunting, the chase

A word appearing as ᴹQ. faraste “hunting, the chase” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 (PE22/110). It likely means a (single) act of hunting, as opposed to faralë which is “hunting” in abstract or the practice of hunting.

Neo-Quenya: Since Tolkien revised the “general action suffix” from ᴹQ. -ste to Q. -sta, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. farasta for purposes of Neo-Quenya (PE22/137).

hap-

prefix. the same, together, alike, closely associated, [of time] approach closely

A prefix meaning “the same, together, alike, closely associated” and of time “approach closely”, appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/100). It was distinct from ᴹQ. on- which indicated the exact same or identical thing. For example, a group of people currently standing in (about) the same place would be ᴹQ. hapas(se), but two people standing in precisely the same spot at two different points in time would be ᴹQ. onas(se) [which for purposes of Neo-Quenya I would revise to ᴺQ. imas(se)].

Qenya [PE23/100; PE23/102; PE23/111; PE23/112] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ilqa

all the, the whole (situation); everything, all

An adjective or pronoun for “all the, the whole” appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 as a combination of ᴹQ. il(u)- “the whole” and ᴹQ. qa- “each, every, all” (PE23/106). It also functioned as a prefix of similar meaning (PE23/101). As an adjective Tolkien specified ilqa was used with singular nouns and without the article, as in ᴹQ. ilqa nóre “all the land” (PE23/106). It could be used pronominally to mean “the whole (situation)” (PE23/105).

Conceptual Development: In drafts of DRC, ilqa meant “every, each” before being revised to qa(qe) (PE23/101 note #36). In DRC, primitive ᴹ√kwā- meant “all”, possibly related to ᴹ√KWAT “fill” (PE23/101). However, in The Etymologies of the 1930s ilqa was instead “everything”, because in that document ᴹ√KWA meant “something”, so that il-qa = “✱all things” (Ety/IL; EtyAC/KWA). The word ilqa was translated as “all” (pronoun) in ᴹQ. Fíriel’s Song, also from the 1930s (LR/72).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings, IL was “all” (VT48/25) and √KWA was translated “whole, complete, all” (VT47/7, 17), but I think ilqua might still be used for “all the, the whole” with a reversal of the meaning of its elements.

Qenya [Ety/IL; EtyAC/KWA; LR/072; PE22/119; PE23/101; PE23/105; PE23/106; PE23/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ilqan(an)

adverb. all the time, the whole time, continuously

A correlative combination in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/110), a combination of ᴹQ. ilqa “the whole” and ᴹQ. -n(an) “time”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. ilqualumë “the whole time, continuously”, since I think -n(an) was abandoned.

i·aldar hinna ólar

the tree is still growing

A phrase in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 (PE22/116), revised from i·alda hinna {alarye >>} olarye (PE22/116 note #93). The singular gloss “the tree is” applied to the original (singular) phrase, and the gloss was not revised when the Quenya phrase was rewritten to be plural. The actual meaning of the revised phrase is “✱the trees are still growing”. The rejected verb forms {alarye >>} olarye are probably examples of the (singular) long imperfect, an alternate present-tense formation used in QVS and nowhere else.

morion

masculine name. the Dark One

Another name for Melko in the poem Fíriel’s Song from the 1930s (LR/72), possibly a combination of the stem form mori- of more “dark” and some variation of the agental suffix -ndo.

Conceptual Development: This name also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s, where it was glossed “Son of the Dark” (QL/62), a combination of the root ᴱ√MORO “dark” and some form of yondo “male descendant”.

onas(se)

adverb. the same place

The correlatives ᴹQ. onosse “the same place”, onas(se), or (archaic) †osse appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/100, 111), a combination of ᴹQ. on- “same” and the locative suffix ᴹQ. -sse.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. imassë “in the same place” using im- “same”.

Qenya [PE23/100; PE23/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

onilka

adjective. *the same amount

The correlatives ᴹQ. onilka or olka appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. on- “same” and ᴹQ. -lka “amount”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. imalca “the same amount” using im- “same”.

onnome

adverb. *the identical place

The correlative ᴹQ. onnome appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. on- “identical” and ᴹQ. nome “place”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. imanomë “the identical place” using im- “same”.

sindo

masculine name. The Grey

An earlier variant of Q. Singollo glossed “The Grey” (LR/215, MR/088), apparently a masculinized form of the adjective sinde “grey” (Ety/THIN).

Qenya [Ety/THIN; LR/119; LR/215; LRI/Sindo; MR/088; MRI/Sindo] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fírimáre

noun. mortality, the state of being mortal

A word in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 glossed “mortality, the state of being mortal” (PE22/124), a noun form of fírima “mortal”.

ilúve ilu

proper name. Heaven, the universe, all that is

A Quenya term appearing in Númenórean stories from the 1940s referring to the entirety of existence, both the physical universe and Heaven (SD/401), apparently a combination of ilúve “universe” or “Heaven” and ilu “universe, world”.

istimor

collective name. The Wise

Another name for the Noldor appearing in name lists and The Etymologies from the 1930s (LR/403, Ety/IS). It seems to be a combination of istima “wise” and the plural of the agental suffix -mo. It was initially written as Ainimor.

Qenya [Ety/IS; LR/403; LRI/Ainimor; LRI/Istimor] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sane

pronoun. that (mentioned), the same one (as before mentioned)

The correlative ᴹQ. sane “that (mentioned), the same one” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948, a pronominal form of ᴹQ. sa “that [anaphoric]” with masculine and feminine variants sano and {sare >>} sanie (PE23/85, 102-103).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. samo “that person (mentioned)” and ᴺQ. sama “that thing/matter (mentioned)”; compare later tamo “✱that person” and tama “that matter”.

Qenya [PE23/085; PE23/102; PE23/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eari ullier i kilyanna

the seas poured into the chasm

Qenya [LR/047; LR/056; SD/247; SD/310; VT24/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eru

noun. The One God

Qenya [SD/312; SD/401; SDI2/Eru] Group: Eldamo. Published by

es sorni heruion an

the Eagles of the Lords are at hand

etwa

the other (of two), second (in numerals); or else

etwan

adverb. the second time

etwe

pronoun. the other (of two)

hapa(na)

of the same sort, associated, related; the same sort of thing

Qenya [PE23/104; PE23/106] Group: Eldamo. Published by

il(u)-

prefix. all the, the whole, the entire; all, any

ilya

adjective. all, the whole

Qenya [Ety/IL; LR/047; LR/056; LR/072; SD/310] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lantaner turkildi nuhuinenna

the Lordly Men [Númenóreans] fell under shadow

|1|2|3|4-5| |lantie|lantier|{lantier >>}|lantaner| | |turkildi| |nu huine|unuhuine|nuhuinenna|

Qenya [LR/047; LR/056; SD/246; SD/310; VT24/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

menel

noun. the heavens, firmament, sky

Qenya [PE22/046; RC/671; SD/241; SD/305; SD/401; SD/414; SDI2/Menel] Group: Eldamo. Published by

númeheruvi arda sakkante lenéme ilúvatáren

the Lords of the West broke the world by leave of Ilúvatar

|1|   2   |3|4|5| |manwe|herunūmen|{herunūmen >>} Nūmekundo|númeheruvi| |ilu|{ilu >> eru >>}|arda| |terhante|{terhante >>} askante|sakkante| | |...|{... >>}|lenéme| | |Ilúvatáren|

Qenya [LR/047; LR/056; SD/246; SD/310; SD/311; VT24/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

on-

prefix. the same (oneness, uniqueness), identical

Qenya [PE23/100; PE23/101; PE23/102; PE23/111; PE23/112] Group: Eldamo. Published by

one

pronoun. the same person

onya

the same, the identical

satwe

pronoun. the same one (of two), the one (of two) mentioned

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/107), a combination of ᴹQ. sa “that [anaphoric]” and ᴹQ. atwe “one of two”.

sorni númevalion anner

the Eagles of the Powers of the West are at hand

valinor

place name. Land of the Valar

Qenya [Ety/BAL; Ety/NDOR; LR/025; LR/202; LRI/Valinor; MR/200; PE18/024; PE18/056; PE19/058; PE19/059; PE21/32; PE21/33; PE21/36; PE22/047; PE22/124; PE22/125; RSI/Valinor; SDI1/Valinor; SDI2/Valinor; SMI/Valinor; TII/Valinor; WRI/Valinor] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vanwie

noun. the past, past time

entar(yas)

adverb. the next day

Qenya [PE23/109; PE23/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ine

pronoun. the one who, the one that

Qenya [PE23/102; PE23/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vanimo

noun. The Beautiful; Fair Folk

Qenya [Ety/BAN; Ety/UGU; EtyAC/ƷŪ; LR/110; LR/403; LRI/Vanimor; MR/057; MRI/Vanimor; SM/293; SMI/Vanimor] Group: Eldamo. Published by

angwion ie uman enwa

the existence of dragons at one time (is) a fact

ea

noun. all that is, the World

eldar ando kakainen loralyar koivienenissen

the Elves were long lying asleep at Koivienéni

enatwa

adjective. the second (of two)

engwar

collective name. The Sickly

Qenya [Ety/GENG-WĀ; LR/245; LRI/Engwar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ha e·sauten

the fact that he disliked me (sc. did not trouble me)

i kiryo sorasta

the ship’s (particular on[e]) equipment

ilqa nóre

all the land, the whole (of the land)

ilqa nóre qanna

the whole land together/entire

ilu ilúvatar en káre eldain a fírimoin

the Father made the World for Elves and Mortals

Qenya [LR/063; LR/072] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ilu vanya, fanya, eari, i-mar, ar ilqa ímen

the World is fair, the sky, the seas, the earth, and all that is in them

ina

the one that; the fact (that)

Qenya [PE23/086; PE23/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

i nero karie kirya

the man’s making of a ship

inie

pronoun. she, the woman referred to

Qenya [PE23/085; PE23/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ino

pronoun. he, the man referred to

Qenya [PE23/085; PE23/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

i qanna nóre

the whole land, the entire land

i sorasta i kiryava

the ship’s (particular on[e]) equipment

i sorasta kiryava

the equipment of a ship

i·mbar i túro karne

the house that Túro built

i·nér né raiqa ar sí aphastat

the man was angry but now is in good humor (lit. it pleases him)

kiryava karie

the making of a ship

lilótime alda amaliondo aranyallesse túno

*[the] many-flowered tree of Amalion in the kingdom of Túna

rana núresse orta silia; en e·orta silia!

The Moon at night rises shining; there it rises shining!

rana oronte silalya

The moon rose shining

rana ortalyane silalya

The moon was rising, shining (as it rose)

soroni númenheruen ettuler

*the Eagles of the Western Lords are coming forth

tasse i·osto

there (is) the city

toi aina, mána, meldielto - enga morion: talantie

they are holy, blessed, and beloved - save the dark one: he is fallen

turkildi rómenna

the Lordly Men [Númenóreans] [go] eastward

Qenya [LR/047; LR/056; SD/310] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sasse

pronoun. there (already discussed)

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/97, 111), a combination of ᴹQ. sa “that [anaphoric]” and the locative suffix ᴹQ. -sse.

Qenya [PE23/092; PE23/097; PE23/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enyasse

adverb. there far away, far away over there (out of sight)

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/97, 111), a combination of ᴹQ. enya “that far away” and the locative suffix ᴹQ. -sse.

Qenya [PE22/125; PE23/097; PE23/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

intin

pronoun. they (emphatic)

@@@ Regarding -n see “the final -m/n that sometimes appears at the end of object pronouns in pl. and belongs to them, not to the subject.” (PE22/94) as suggested by Aleksandr Zapragajev: gilruin.gitlab.io

Qenya [PE22/124; PE23/078; PE23/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tan(an)

adverb. then, at that time (past now)

The correlatives tanan or (archaic) †tan “then, at that time” appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of ᴹQ. ta “that” and ᴹQ. -n(an) “time”.

Qenya [PE23/109; PE23/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yasse

adverb. there [yonder]; once upon a time

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/97, 111), a combination of ᴹQ. ya “yonder” and the locative suffix ᴹQ. -sse. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, it was based on ᴹQ. “ago” and translated as “once upon a time” (Ety/YA).

Qenya [Ety/YA; PE22/124; PE23/097; PE23/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

en

there, yonder, far away; look yon(der); that; in that (future) case

@@@ es might be an assimilated form as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/es)

Qenya [Ety/EN; Ety/YA; EtyAC/EN; LR/072; PE22/011; PE22/100; PE22/120; PE22/121; PE22/122; PE23/097; PE23/098; PE23/109; SD/057; SD/290; VT36/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

se

pronoun. they

Qenya [PE23/073; PE23/076; PE23/077; PE23/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tasse

adverb. there

Qenya [PE22/100; PE22/124; PE23/097; PE23/102; PE23/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thi

pronoun. they (other)

Qenya [PE22/123; PE23/075; PE23/077; PE23/079; PE23/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toi

pronoun. they

tye

pronoun. thee, you (familiar)

Qenya [LR/061; PE21/65; PE23/075; PE23/077; PE23/079; PE23/083; PE23/088; PE23/089; PE23/093; PE23/098; PE23/107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enyan(an)

adverb. then, at some distant time

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of ᴹQ. enya “that far away” and ᴹQ. -n(an) “time”.

Qenya [PE23/109; PE23/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sa

pronoun. they (3rd pl. inanimate)

Qenya [PE23/074; PE23/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

san(an)

adverb. then, at that time mentioned, at that same time

Qenya [PE22/121; PE22/122; PE23/096; PE23/097; PE23/109; PE23/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saro

adverb. therefore, for that reason named, and so

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. sa “that [anaphoric]” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.

sen

pronoun. them

Qenya [VT27/07; VT27/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thu

pronoun. them (dual other)

Qenya [PE23/075; PE23/077; PE23/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ti

pronoun. they

Qenya [PE23/075; PE23/077; PE23/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adverb. then, at that time (past now)

Qenya [PE23/109; PE23/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

én

adverb. then, next

entasse ye túro

there is Túro away over there

enyasse manwe hára

there far away dwells Manwe [in Valinor]

estu

pronoun. they (emphatic dual other)

Qenya [PE23/078; PE23/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ettu

pronoun. they (emphatic dual)

Qenya [PE23/078; PE23/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

helalthi menne kare/helar menne karilthi

they did not mean to make them

helávate mate

they will not eat it

he·taltalyar

they are [slipping down]

inakilte

they bite him (being one of their number)

intin eldalin

they (are or were) (some) Elves

issin

pronoun. they (emphatic other)

Qenya [PE23/078; PE23/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

isti

pronoun. they (other)

isti(n)

pronoun. they (emphatic other)

sa·antar

they give

sa·undar

they sank

se-nakite

they bite him one of their number

se·nakiter

they bite them = they bite themselves

Qenya [PE23/073; PE23/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sisse alli neri

there are no men here

tas

adverb. there

tasse e·orta silalya

there it rises shining

tasse intin nan

there they (are) again

tasse ni·kenne laqe imma

there I saw nobody whatsoever

tasse ye túro

there’s Túro

pronoun. them

yas

adverb. there [remote]

toron

noun. brother

A noun for “brother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√TOR of the same meaning, with a somewhat irregular plural torni (Ety/TOR). Its stem form is torn-, since with most inflected forms the Quenya syncope comes into play and the second o is lost.

Neo-Quenya: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word háno for “brother” (VT47/14). However, I think toron might be retained to mean a “metaphorical brother”, a close male associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as melotorni “love-brother, ✱close male friend” or ᴹQ. otorno “sworn brother”. In this sense, háno would be limited to biological relationships, but toron would refer to brotherly (or brother-like) affection.

Qenya [Ety/THEL; Ety/TOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sallo

adverb. *thence (mentioned)

A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. sa “that [anaphoric]” and the ablative suffix ᴹQ. -llo.

tillo

adverb. *thence (by you)

A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. ti “that by you” and the ablative suffix ᴹQ. -llo.

enta

that yonder, then (fut.), next, that yonder, then (fut.), next; [ᴱQ.] that there (emphatic)

Qenya [Ety/EN; PE22/124; PE23/096; PE23/097; PE23/109; PE23/110; PE23/111; PE23/112; VT36/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ilúvatar

masculine name. All-father

Qenya [Ety/ATA; Ety/IL; LR/047; LR/072; LR/110; LR/156; LR/204; LRI/Ilúvatar; PE23/105; SD/246; SD/310; SD/401; SDI2/Ilúvatar; SM/078; SM/263; SMI/Ilúvatar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

se

pronoun. he, she, it, they (other)

Qenya [PE23/076; PE23/088; PE23/093; PE23/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tanna

adverb. thither

Qenya [PE23/112; VT27/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yan(an)

adverb. at that (distant) time, then (long ago)

A correlatives appearing as yanan or (archaic) †yan in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/96, 109), a combination of ᴹQ. ya “yonder” and ᴹQ. -n(an) “time”.

Qenya [PE23/096; PE23/109; PE23/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adverb. formerly, ago, at that (distant) time, then (long ago)

Qenya [Ety/YA; PE23/109; PE23/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-nta

suffix. *their

-ssa

suffix. *their

-ssa

suffix. *their (other)

-sta

suffix. *their (other)

eane sasse maire ma

*there was a rose

@@@ ma may be indefinite marker = English “a”

este

pronoun. he, she, it (emphatic other)

Qenya [PE23/078; PE23/079; PE23/099; PE23/101; PE23/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

inta

pronoun. *their (emphatic possessive)

Qenya [PE23/078; PE23/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

issa

pronoun. *their (emphatic possessive other)

Qenya [PE23/078; PE23/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qe e·kestuvan, ni·tuluva

when he asks me, I shall come; if on some future occasion he asks me, then on that occasion I shall come

sanas(se)

adverb. *there (mentioned)

sa·nakitar

*they bites them

tallo

adverb. *thence

tanas(se)

adverb. *there

yanas(se)

adverb. *there (yonder)

nengwe

noun. nose

A word for “nose” in The Etymologies written around 1937, derived from ᴹ√NEÑ-WI (Ety/NEÑ-WI), an elaboration of the shorter root ᴹ√NEÑ (EtyAC/NEÑ-WI). Given its primitive form, its stem ought to be nengwi-, but in attested compounds this word is consistently nengwe-, so perhaps Tolkien changed his mind on its primitive form.

Conceptual Development: The earliest percursor to this word seems to be ᴱQ. nen (neng-) “nostril” in several documents from the 1920s (PE14/72; PE15/75; PE16/113), whose dual nenqi was also used for a “nose” of one person (PE14/76; PE15/75). In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, Tolkien had nin (ning-) “beak, nose” < ᴹ✶nengǝ (PE21/26), though this phonetic shift of short e to i is rather unusual and seems to be limited to this document.

Qenya [Ety/NEÑ-WI; PE22/011; PE22/022; PE22/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

seler

noun. sister

A noun for “sister” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√THEL or THELES of the same meaning, with an irregular plural selli (Ety/THEL), where the stem form sell- is because the Quenya syncope caused the second e to be lost and then the ancient ls became ll.

Neo-Quenya: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word nésa for “sister” (VT47/14). However, I think seler might be retained to mean a “metaphorical” sister, a close female associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as meletheldi “love-sister, ✱close female friend” or ᴹQ. oselle “sworn sister”. In this sense, nésa would be limited to biological relationships, but seler would refer to sisterly (or sister-like) affection.

helle

noun. sky

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sky” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL of the same meaning (Ety/ƷEL).

alkar

masculine name. Radiant

A name for Melko appearing in the final version of the poem, Fíriel’s Song (LR/63, 72). According to Christopher Tolkien, it appeared nowhere else (LR/74 note 16). It seems to be alkar(e) “radiance” used as a name.

Qenya [LR/063; LR/072; LRI/Alkar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nelet

noun. tooth

The normal Quenya word for “tooth”, appearing in The Etymologies written around 1937 derived from the root ᴹ√NELEK of the same meaning (Ety/NÉL-EK), where the final k became t. Its plural form nelki [nelci] indicates a stem form of nelk- [nelc-], since in most inflected forms the word would undergo the Quenya syncope and loose the second e. A variant form nelke (EtyAC/NÉL-EK) may reflect a reformation to align with those inflected forms.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien had ᴱQ. nele (neli-) “tooth” under the early root ᴱ√NELE (QL/65), a word also mentioned in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (PME/65). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien instead had ᴱQ. nyat “tooth” (PE16/136), but that seems to have been a transient idea. ᴹQ. nelet first appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from 1936 alongside variant nelke, but it was replaced by nele and then later nelke was deleted as well (PE21/56 and note #12). Both nelet and variant nelke were restored in The Etymologies (see above).

Primitive √nelek “tooth” was mentioned in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure from the early 1950s, but its Quenya derivatives were not listed.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d use nelet (nelc-) “tooth” as the traditional form of this word, with nelcë as a modern variant with more regular inflections.

Qenya [Ety/NÉL-EK; EtyAC/NÉL-EK; PE19/058; PE21/56] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nut-

verb. to tie

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as nutin “I tie” under the root ᴹ√NUT “tie, bind” (Ety/NUT).

qalin

adjective. dead, dead, [ᴱQ.] dying

An adjective for “dead” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” (Ety/KWAL).

Conceptual Development: The adjective ᴱQ. qalin meant “dead” all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s where it was derived from the early root ᴱ√QALA “die” (QL/76; PME/76). In the Qenya Lexicon it has an archaic variant ᴱQ. †qalna (QL/76). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, qalin appeared in the stative construction qalinya {“is dead” >>} “is dying” (PE16/140).

ranko

noun. arm

A noun for “arm” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶ranku under the root ᴹ√RAK “stretch out, reach” (Ety/RAK).

Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. “arm” appeared Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward”, along with a variant rakta (QL/78). The Early Qenya Grammar and English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s instead had ᴱQ. ranko “arm” (PE14/76; PE15/69), a form which reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (see above).

suhto

noun. draught, draught, *a single act of drinking

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “draught” derived from the root ᴹ√SUK “drink” (Ety/SUK).

Neo-Quenya: This noun may have been replaced by Q. yulda “something drunk, a drink, a draught” (LotR/377; PE17/63), but I think suhto might be retained in reference to “a single act of drinking” vs. yulda for “a drink, the thing drunk”.

tópa

noun. roof

A noun for “roof” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TOP “cover, roof” (Ety/TOP).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had a similar form ᴱQ. túpo “roof, cover, lid” under the early root ᴱ√TUPU (QL/95), with just the gloss “roof” in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/95). It also had a couple of other unrelated words: ᴱQ. tel (teld-) “roof” and ᴱQ. telin (telimb-) “roof, covering” both derived from the early root ᴱ√TELE (QL/90).

yane

pronoun. that yonder

The correlative ᴹQ. yane “that yonder” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948, a pronominal form of ᴹQ. ya “yonder” with masculine and feminine variants yano and {yare >>} yanie (PE23/102).

Qenya [PE23/102; PE23/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

írimor

collective name. Fair Ones

Another name for the Lindar appearing in name lists and The Etymologies from the 1930s (LR/403, Ety/ID). It seems to be a combination of írima “lovely” and the plural of the agental suffix -mo.

Qenya [Ety/ID; LR/403; LRI/Írimor] Group: Eldamo. Published by

óre

noun. rising, rising, *rise; [ᴱQ.] dawn, Sunrise, East

A noun for “[a] rising” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√ORO “up; rise; high”, an element in ᴹQ. anaróre “sunrise” (Ety/ORO).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. ōre “the dawn, Sun-rise, East” under a different early root ᴱ√OŘO [OÐO] that was “distinct but much confused with” ᴱ√ORO having to do with rising things (QL/70).

aman

noun. bond

A noun glossed “bond” in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, of unclear origin (PE21/33-34).

Qenya [PE21/33; PE21/34] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hún

noun. earth, earth, *ground

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.

Qenya [PE21/19; PE21/24; PE21/25] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kelulinde

noun. spring

A word for “spring” in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. kelu- “flow” and ᴹQ. linde “pool” (PE21/10). ᴱQ. kelusindi “river (near its source)” = ᴱQ. kelu- + sindi from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s is similar in structure (QL/46).

proper name. Moon

A name for the moon in linguistic notes from 1930s (PE21/38, 41), perhaps a derivative of the root ᴹ√NDŪ “go down”, though this root usually applied to the Sun. Its dual form Nunt referred to both the sun and moon (PE21/38).

Qenya [PE21/38; PE21/41] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. eye

The word ᴱQ. “eye, pupil” appeared in the Qenya Phonology of the 1910s derived from ᴱ✶þeχē (PE12/21), and ᴱQ. reappeared with the gloss “eye, eyeball” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√SEHE [ÞEHE] (QL/82). A similar word ᴹQ. “eye” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/40). Both were likely displaced by Q. hen “eye” < √KHEN.

-llume

suffix. time, time, [ᴱQ.] times

Qenya [PE23/109; PE23/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-n(an)

suffix. time

Qenya [PE23/109; PE23/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aina

adjective. holy

Qenya [Ety/AYAN; LR/072] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alda

noun. tree

Qenya [Ety/GALAD; LR/041; PE22/021; PE22/022; PE22/047; PE22/051; PE22/116; PE22/124; PE22/125; PE23/083; SD/302; TMME/182] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anar

noun. Sun

Qenya [Ety/ANÁR; Ety/NAR¹; EtyAC/ANÁR; LR/041; LR/072; LR/240; LRI/Anar; PE22/019; PE22/023; SD/306; SDI2/Anar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anta-

verb. to give

Qenya [Ety/ANA¹; EtyAC/YAN²; LR/063; LR/072; PE22/044; PE22/092; PE23/073; PE23/074; PE23/076; PE23/077; PE23/084; PE23/088; PE23/090; PE23/093; PE23/095; PE23/107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

elen

noun. star

Qenya [Ety/EL; PE17/014; RS/324; VT28/11; WR/223] Group: Eldamo. Published by

engwa

adjective. sickly

Qenya [Ety/GENG-WĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ilduma

noun. heaven

Qenya [PE21/04; PE21/08; PE21/38; PE21/42; PE21/43; PE21/46; PE21/47] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kata

preposition. after

ke

pronoun. you (familiar)

Qenya [PE22/105; PE22/123; PE22/126; PE22/127; PE23/073; PE23/075; PE23/077; PE23/079; PE23/080; PE23/083; PE23/088; PE23/089; PE23/090; PE23/092; PE23/093; PE23/098] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ken-

verb. to see

Qenya [PE22/103; PE22/124; PE23/092; PE23/099; PE23/102; PE23/108] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kenya-

verb. to see

Qenya [PE22/115; PE23/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lanta-

verb. to fall

Qenya [Ety/DAT; Ety/TALÁT; EtyAC/LANTA; LR/047; LR/056; PE21/58; PE21/63; SD/246; SD/310; VT24/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laure

noun. gold

Qenya [Ety/GLAW(-R); Ety/LÁWAR; PE19/037; PE22/019; PE22/046] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mende

noun. will

noun. hand

Qenya [Ety/MAƷ; EtyAC/MAƷ; LR/072; PE18/035; PE21/40; PE22/021] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nessa

adjective. young

númen

noun. west

Qenya [Ety/MEN; Ety/NDŪ; EtyAC/NDŪ; LR/047; LR/056; LR/071; LR/072; PE22/023; PE22/050; PE22/126; SD/240; SD/303; SD/305; SD/310; SMI/Númen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rómen

noun. east

Qenya [Ety/MEN; Ety/RŌ; LR/047; LR/056; PE22/023; PE22/050; SD/310; SMI/Rómen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

soron

noun. eagle

Qenya [Ety/THOR; PE21/33; PE21/34; SD/290] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tarmenel

place name. High Heaven

Qenya [TII/Tarmenel] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ten

conjunction. for

tenna

preposition. until

to

preposition. in

tyel

noun. end

Qenya [Ety/KYEL; EtyAC/KYEL; LR/072] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vanima

adjective. fair

ye-

verb. to be

Qenya [LR/072; PE22/011; PE22/107; PE22/115; PE22/117; PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/123; PE23/097; PE23/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aire

noun. sea

Qenya [Ety/AY; PE22/023] Group: Eldamo. Published by

airen

noun. sea

Qenya [Ety/AY; PE22/023] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

anta

noun. face

Qenya [Ety/ANA¹; EtyAC/ANA¹; PE22/021; PE22/022; PE22/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ehte

noun. spear

enar

noun. tomorrow

engwa

?. [unglossed]

enna

adjective. first

esta

adjective. first

Qenya [Ety/ESE; EtyAC/SET] Group: Eldamo. Published by

falasse

noun. beach

farale

noun. hunting

harna

noun. helmet

helkarakse

place name. Grinding Ice

Qenya [Ety/KARAK; LR/125; LRI/Helkaraksë; MR/194; MRI/Helkaraxë; SM/095; SMI/Helkaraksë; WJI/Helkaraxë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hen

noun. eye

Qenya [Ety/KHEN-D-E; PE21/52; PE21/61] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

Qenya [EtyAC/KHYEL(ES)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

inga

adjective. first

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

karka

noun. tooth

Qenya [Ety/KARAK; EtyAC/KARAK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

kassa

noun. helmet

Qenya [Ety/KAS; EtyAC/KAS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

káno

noun. chief

lamba

noun. tongue

Qenya [Ety/LAB; EtyAC/LAB] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lanta

noun. fall

Qenya [Ety/DAT; Ety/TALÁT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

le

pronoun. you

Qenya [PE22/106; PE22/118; PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/123; PE22/124; PE22/127; PE23/075; PE23/077; PE23/079; PE23/080; PE23/088; PE23/089; PE23/090; PE23/093; PE23/099; PE23/103; PE23/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lepse

noun. finger

Qenya [Ety/LEP; PE19/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lóna

adjective. dark

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE19/046; PE19/062] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mane

pronoun. who

Qenya [PE23/080; PE23/087; PE23/102; PE23/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

melme

noun. love

mennai

conjunction. until

min

cardinal. one

Qenya [Ety/MINI; EtyAC/MINI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minya

ordinal. first

Qenya [Ety/MINI; PE23/107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

nye

pronoun. me, I

Qenya [PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/122; PE23/073; PE23/074; PE23/075; PE23/077; PE23/079; PE23/088; PE23/090; PE23/092; PE23/093; PE23/095; PE23/107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ná-

verb. to be

Qenya [Ety/N²; PE22/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nóle

noun. wisdom

Qenya [Ety/ÑGOL; EtyAC/ÑGOL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

parma

noun. book

Qenya [Ety/PAR; EtyAC/PAR; PE18/051; PE21/08; PE21/58; PE21/59; PE21/60; PE21/61; PE22/018; PE22/019; PE22/022; PE22/046; PE22/050; PE22/061; PE22/063; PE23/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qanta

adjective. full

Qenya [Ety/KWAT; PE22/019; PE22/022; PE22/047; PE23/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rampa

?. [unglossed]

ringe

noun. cold, cold, *chill

Qenya [Ety/RINGI; EtyAC/RINGI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

róna

adjective. east

sanda

adjective. firm, true, abiding

Qenya [Ety/STAN; EtyAC/STAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

si

pronoun. this

Qenya [PE23/097; PE23/098; PE23/111; PE23/112] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sinta

adjective. short

Qenya [Ety/STINTĀ; PE18/032] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sinye

noun. evening

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

séra

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tana

that

Qenya [Ety/TA; PE23/085; PE23/104; PE23/105; PE23/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tane

pronoun. that

Qenya [PE23/085; PE23/087; PE23/102; PE23/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

tine

pronoun. that by you

A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/102), a pronominal form of ᴹQ. ti “that by you”.

Qenya [PE23/102; PE23/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

ungoliante

feminine name. Gloomweaver

Qenya [Ety/DYEL; Ety/SLIG; Ety/UÑG; LR/230; LRI/Ungoliantë; RSI/Ungoliant; SMI/Ungoliant] Group: Eldamo. Published by

valya-

verb. can

vea

noun. sea

Qenya [PE21/08; PE21/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

veo

noun. man

Qenya [Ety/WEG; EtyAC/WEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vinye

noun. evening

Qenya [Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

yú-

prefix. both

Qenya [EtyAC/YŪ; PE23/101; PE23/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yúyo

adjective. both

él

noun. star

a

preposition. [unglossed]

alama

noun. [unglossed]

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

atan

noun. Man

Qenya [PE22/125; PE23/087; PE23/098] Group: Eldamo. Published by

earen

noun. sea

elena

noun. star

ellen

noun. star

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

harda

noun. realm

harmen

noun. south

harpa

noun. helmet

in

pronoun. that

koire

noun. Stirring

let

noun. finger

Qenya [PE21/19; PE21/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE19/042; PE22/014; PE22/020] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

mine

cardinal. one

nele

noun. tooth

nelke

noun. tooth

nerno

?. [unglossed]

niule

?. [unglossed]

núme

noun. west

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

opto

noun. back

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

sorne

noun. eagle

tante

noun. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

tormen

noun. north

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE21/06; PE21/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

urulóke

noun. fire-dragon

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

éma

?. [unglossed]