ti

pronoun. *that by you

A demonstrative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 associated with the familiar 2nd person ᴹQ. ke “you” (PE23/96, 98-99), hence used to refer to the place of the person being addressed = “✱that by you”.

Neo-Quenya: In earlier pronominal charts from this period, ᴹQ. ti was initially used for 3rd person pl. “they”, but in later writings this became te. Meanwhile, the familiar “you” later became tye derived from ✶ki. Thus I think ti remains plausible as an (obscure) second person demonstrative “that by you”, but I would use it sparingly compared to the more ordinary ta “that”.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. ena “that by you” derived from the early root ᴱ√E of similar meaning (QL/34).

ti

pronoun. they

tirmindon

place name. Tirmindon

An earlier name for Amon Hen appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/364), apparently a combination of some form of the root ᴹ√TIR having to do with watching and mindon “tower”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/2.61).

tirion

place name. Tirion

titta

adjective. little, tiny, tiny, little

tinúviel

feminine name. Tinúviel

tiristemindon

place name. Minas Tirith

A Quenya translation of Minas Tirith in linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/125). Its final element is clearly mindon “tower”, so its initial element tiriste most likely means, “watch, guard” as an abstraction of the verb tir- “to watch”.

tinda

adjective. glinting (silver)

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “glinting, silver”, probably intended to be “✱glinting (silver)”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. tinde “glint” (Ety/TIN).

tikse

noun. dot, tiny mark, point

tindómerel

feminine name. Nightingale, (lit.) Daughter of Twilight

tie

noun. path, course, line, direction, way

tiristemindon hame ondoresse

Minas Tirith is/stands/is situated in Gondor

til(de)

adverb. like [that by] you

A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. ti “that by you” and ᴹQ. -l(de) “way”.

tina

this (of yours); this fact (by you)

A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. ti “that by you” (PE23/105), also used substantively to mean “this fact (by you)” (PE23/104).

tine

pronoun. that by you

A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/102), a pronominal form of ᴹQ. ti “that by you”.

tillo

adverb. *thence (by you)

A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. ti “that by you” and the ablative suffix ᴹQ. -llo.

tinna

adverb. *thither (by you)

A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. ti “that by you” and the ablative suffix ᴹQ. -nna.

tinga-

verb. to twang, to twang, *to ping

A verb appearing as tinga- “twang” in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed derived from the onomatopoeic root ᴹ√TING or ᴹ√TANG (Ety/TING). The Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 instead had tanga- with past forms tange or tangane “twanged”, derived from ᴹ√TAÑ.

Neo-Quenya: In a 2025-01-30 post to the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Luinyelle suggested this verb might also mean “✱ping” in the modern internet sense, as in tinganel nin “you pinged me”.

tinde

noun. glint

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “a glint” derived from the root ᴹ√TIN “sparkle, emit slender (silver pale) beams” (Ety/TIN).

tindingol

masculine name. *Grey-wise

An earlier name for Q. Singollo (LR/119), first appearing as Sindingul (SM/270), so perhaps a combination of a variant form of sinde “grey” and the root ÑGOL “wise”.

tingilya

noun. twinkling star

A noun glossed “a twinkling star” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with variants tingilya and tingilinde, combining elements of the roots ᴹ√TIN and ᴹ√GIL, themselves both the basis for other star words (Ety/GIL, TIN; EtyAC/GIL).

tinwe-malle

place name. Star-street

Another name for Ilmen in notes from the early 1930s (SM/241), a combination of tinwe “star” and malle “street”.

titse

noun. kitten

A word for “kitten” in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, appearing in both a short form tis (with stem tits-) and longer titse used “in the simplex” (PE21/20, 27). It may be related to the root ᴹ√TIT “✱tiny” from The Etymologies written around 1937 (Ety/TIT).

tinge

noun. twang

tinko

noun. metal

tithilla-

verb. to twinkle

tilde

noun. spike, horn

tilion

masculine name. Horned

tin-

verb. to glint

tindóme

noun. (starry) twilight, starlit dusk

tinta-

verb. to kindle, make to spark

tintalle

feminine name. Kindler

tintina-

verb. to sparkle

tintánie

feminine name. Kindler, Star-maker, (lit.) Star-making

tinwe

noun. spark (star)

tinwenairin

place name. Crowned with Stars

tinwerontar

feminine name. Queen of Stars

tinwerína

place name. Crowned with Stars

tinwetári

feminine name. Queen of Stars

tir-

verb. to watch

tirion

noun. watch-tower, tower

tiuka

adjective. thick, fat, thick, fat; [ᴱQ.] dense, solid

tiuko

noun. thigh

tiuya-

verb. to swell, grow fat

tinga

noun. *flint

tingahondo

adjective. flint-hearted

tinkotéma

noun. t-series

tintila-

verb. *to sparkle

tiriste

noun. *watch, guard

toi

pronoun. they

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

tingilinde

noun. twinkling star

tis

noun. kitten

tí

pronoun. them

atintila-

verb. *to sparkle

lanne

noun. tissue, cloth

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “tissue, cloth” based on the root ᴹ√LAN “weave” (Ety/LAN).

-llume

suffix. time, time, [ᴱQ.] times

-n(an)

suffix. time

lú

noun. time, occasion, time, occasion; [ᴱQ.] 24 hours, day

lúme

noun. time, hour

am(ba)penda

adjective. uphill, uphill, *sloping up; [ᴱQ.] arduous, difficult, tiresome

An adjective meaning “uphill” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with variants ambapenda and shorter ampenda, a combination of amba “up(wards)” and penda “sloping” (Ety/AM²). More literally it means “✱sloping up”, versus plain penda which has an implication of “sloping down”. It also appeared in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s as ᴱQ. ambapenda, where its cognate ᴱN. amvenn had the glosses “uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome” (PE13/159). Perhaps ᴹQ. am(ba)penda could colloquially have these meanings as well.

morilinde

noun. nightingale

A noun for “nightingale” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. móre “night” and ᴹQ. linde “song” (Ety/MOR). Q. lómelindë “nightingale” is better attested.

nut-

verb. to tie

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as nutin “I tie” under the root ᴹ√NUT “tie, bind” (Ety/NUT).

lómelinde

noun. nightingale

mente

noun. point, end, point, end; [ᴱQ.] peak, tip

míwa

adjective. small, tiny, frail

talta

adjective. sloping, tilted, leaning

tunga

adjective. taut, tight; resonant (of strings)

tínen

adverb. *by this means (of yours)

A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. ti “that by you” and the instrumental suffix ᴹQ. -nen.

ambor

noun. breast, breast, *chest

The word ᴹQ. ambor “breast” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, derived from ᴹ✶amƀus (PE21/33). This word shows the Early Qenya sound change whereby [[eq|final [s] became [r]]]; in Tolkien’s later writings this change applied mainly to intervocalic [s]. This word also had the unusual development of u to o in final syllables, a sound change Tolkien used for Quenya in the Declension of Nouns but nowhere else.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave ᴱQ. ambar “breast” with stems ambar- or ambas- (QL/30); the word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, but only with the stem ambas- (PME/30). ᴱQ. ambos was glossed “breast” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/136), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. ambos (ambost-) appeared as a word related to both ᴱN. bost “back, from shoulder to shoulder” and ᴱN. amoth “shoulder” (PE13/137, 139, 159), the latter with primitive forms ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ (PE13/137) or ᴱ✶a-mbos-t (PE13/159).

ᴱQ. ambar reappeared in the phrase ᴱQ. níve qímari ringa ambar “the pale phantoms in her cold bosom” from the Oilima Markirya poem written around 1930. Early 1930s ᴹQ. ambor seems to be the last published iteration of this word, as discussed above.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. ambos (ambor-) “breast, chest” to fit better with later Quenya phonology. It might be an ancient combination of √AM “up” and ᴹ√OS “around”, perhaps with the original sense “upper enclosure (of the body)”.

aran

noun. child

This word first appeared as ᴱQ. ar (arn-) “child” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/32) and its stem form arn- appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/32). The word reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/135), but in the Early Noldorin Dictionary the Qenya form was given as arne. In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, the word appeared as ᴹQ. aran (arn-) “child” (PE21/19), but there is no sign of it from this point forward, probably displaced by Q. aran “king”.

erka-

verb. to prick

A verb for “to prick” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√EREK “thorn” (Ety/ERÉK).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. kenin “I prick” under the early root ᴱ√KENYE “prick” (QL/46), and Q. koli- “to prick” under ᴱ√KOLO (QL/47).

hui

proper name. Night

A name for (Primordial?) Night appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√PHUY, along with its (archaic?) variant Fui (Ety/PHUY).

Conceptual Development: This name is most likely a remnant of the name ᴱQ. Fui from the earliest Lost Tales, where it was another name for the goddess ᴱQ. Nienna (LT1/66, LT1A/Fui). According to the Qenya and Gnomish Lexicons from the 1910s, this earlier version of the name is derived from the root ᴱ√ǶUẎU (GL/36, QL/38).

lapse

noun. babe

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “babe” derived from the root ᴹ√LAP (Ety/LAP). The root was unglossed in The Etymologies, but in notes both before and after the 1930s this root had glosses like “enfold” and “fold”, so perhaps lapse meant something like “✱swaddled one”; hat-tip to Lokyt for this suggestion.

lumba

adjective. weary

An adjective for “weary” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√LUB of the same meaning (EtyAC/LUB).

Conceptual Development: Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. tarwa or tarva “tired” based on the primitive form ᴱ✶dar’wa- (PE13/161), where the initial d unvoiced to t as was usual of Early Qenya in this period.

mintye

noun. peak

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s glossed “peak” given as an example for the Quenya declension of nouns ending in -ye (PE22/44). It is probably a derivative of ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out”.

narta-

verb. to kindle, to kindle, *ignite, inflame, set fire to

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s for “kindle” derived from the root ᴹ√NARTA of the same meaning (EtyAC/NARTA). This root is probably just a causative verb formation from ᴹ√NAR “flame, fire”, more literally “✱make fire”. Hence I think this verb can be used in the general sense of “✱ignite, inflame, set fire to”, etc.

noa

noun. thigh

A word for “thigh” in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing in the (deleted) entry for the root ᴹ√ÑGŌ̆W (EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W).

rauta

noun. metal

A noun for “metal” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√RAUTĀ of the same meaning (Ety/RAUTĀ). In that document, its Noldorin cognate was the basis for the second element of the names Finrod, Angrod and Damrod. In Tolkien’s later writings the second element of these names were based on S. raud “noble”. For purposes of Neo-Quenya I think it’s better to stick to Q. tinco “metal” from Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings.

seldo

noun. child, child [m.], *boy

A word for a (male) child in The Etymologies of the 1930s added to its entry when the meaning of the root ᴹ√SEL-D was changed from “daughter” to “child” (Ety/SEL-D). It was written above its feminine equivalent ᴹQ. selde and an apparently neuter form ᴹQ. selda was written to the right, making seldo likely the masculine form as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (EtyAC/SEL-D), hence = “✱boy”.

tak-

verb. to fasten, to fasten, [ᴱQ.] fix

A verb appearing as take “he fastens” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast” (Ety/TAK).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. tak- “to fasten” appeared in Early Qenya Phonology derived from ᴱ√tak- “stick (in), fix” (PE14/66), ᴱQ. tak- “fix” appeared in Qenya Verb Forms from the 1910s (PE14/28), and ᴱQ. tak- “fix, fasten” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TAKA of the same meaning (QL/88). The root √TAK “fasten, fix” also appeared in Tolkien’s writings of the 1950s (PE18/100; PE19/83).

aikale

noun. peak

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “a peak”, an abstract noun formation of ᴹQ. aika “sharp” (Ety/AYAK).

te

pronoun. him, her, it

lilta-

verb. to dance

sinye

noun. evening

-(n)ikka

suffix. small

aika

adjective. sharp

anda

adjective. long

ando

adverb. long

aran

noun. king

elen

noun. star

engwa

?. [unglossed]

he

pronoun. they

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

i

article. the

istare

noun. knowledge

istya

noun. knowledge

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

ken-

verb. to see

kenya-

verb. to see

kiuka

noun. thigh

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

miste

noun. fine rain

mitsa

adjective. small

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

nerno

?. [unglossed]

nessa

adjective. young

núre

noun. night

olaste

noun. growth

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

rampa

?. [unglossed]

se

pronoun. they

sen

pronoun. them

sil-

verb. to shine

séra

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

ta

pronoun. it (3rd sg. inanimate)

tal(de)

adverb. so, thus, like that

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

top-

verb. to cover

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

tundo

noun. hole

turya-

verb. to strengthen

téra

adjective. straight, right, straight, right, *correct

ulunde

noun. flood, flood, *downpour

vinye

noun. evening

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

yúkale

noun. twilight

él

noun. star

elerína

place name. Crowned with Stars

a

preposition. [unglossed]

alama

noun. [unglossed]

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

ampenda

adjective. uphill

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

elena

noun. star

ellen

noun. star

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

ista

noun. knowledge

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

niule

?. [unglossed]

rasko

noun. horn

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

tanga-

verb. to twang

tango

noun. twang

tante

noun. [unglossed]

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

tengwanda

noun. alphabet

teuka

?. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

tyúka

noun. thigh

té

noun. path

téna

adjective. straight, right

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

yuale

noun. twilight

éma

?. [unglossed]