ar

noun. child

ar

preposition. to, against, next, on (wall)

ar tanda kiryaiko lúte

ar tanda kiryaiko lúte

ar tanda kirya lúte

ar tanda kirya lúte

arda valarwa

place name. Arda Valarwa

A variant of Ainurarda “Place of the Gods” in an early name list (PE13/103), a compound of arda “place” and the plural adjectival form of Vala.

arqa

adjective. arid, parched, dry

ar i·súru laustuváro lintataurelasselindon

*and the wind will roar like many forest leaves

The fifth phrase (lines 9-10) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the ar(a) “and” followed by the definitive form i·súru of súru “wind” and the future 3rd-singular masculine inflection of the verb lausta- “to roar”. The noun súru seems to be the subject even though it is not inflected into the nominative.

The phrase ends with a long compound combining li(n)- “many”, taure “forest” and the adverbial plural form of lasse “leaf”: lasselindon = “like leaves”. The uninflected compound lintataurelasse is translated “many many forest leaves” in the notes accompanying the poem. Gilson, Welden, and Hostetter suggest that the element -ta- may be a reduplication of the initial part of the following word taure “forest” (PE16/79).

The phrase loosely corresponds to the ninth and tenth lines of the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “who shall hear the wind roaring like leaves of (all) forests”, but is closer to the lines in the first English translation LA1a (PE16/67): “the wind was roaring like leaves of a forest”, which is almost the same except for the tense of the verb.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ar i·súru laust-uvá-ro lin-ta-taure-lasse-li-ndon = “✱and the·wind roar-(future)-he many-many-forest-leaf-(plural)-like”

ar váro naltur an ómi karmar

*but rather they are to all deeds

arta

preposition. across, athwart

arin

noun. hearth

areandor

place name. (Land of) Desert

A Qenya name for ᴱIlk. Aryador “Land of Shadow” in the Qenya and Gnomish Lexicons and the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/32, GL/20). In the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, it was glossed “(Land of) Desert” (PEM/32), a compound of arean “wilderness” and nóre “land”. It also appeared in the variant forms Areanóre and Areanor. A similar form ᴹQ. Aryandor appeared in linguistic notes from the early 1930s, where its primitive form ᴹ✶arʒāndōrē was said to mean “Dread Land” (PE21/32).

arda

noun. place, spot

@@@ probably from [ɣarðā] since cognate G. gar(th) ends in [θ] which only develops from [ð] when final after a consonant

ar i·kiryo kaluváre talain kulukalmalínen

*and the sails of the ship will shine with golden lights

The fourth phrase (lines 7-8) of the intermediate version of the Oilima Markirya poem (PE16/77). The first word is the ar(a) “and” followed by the definitive genitive form i·kiryo of kirya “ship”. This genitive apparently applies to the subject of the phrase talain, the nominative plural of tala “sail”, which follows the verb kaluváre, the future 3rd-singular feminine form of kala- “to shine”.

The phrase ends with a long compound combining kulu “gold” and the instrumental plural of kalma “light”: falmarínen = “with lights”. This compound kulukalmalínen apparently describes the means by which the sails shine.

The phrase loosely corresponds to the seventh and eighth lines of the English translations of the poem LA2a-LA2b (PE16/68-9): “the boat shining with distant/misty lights”. Other than the words “boat”, “shine” and “with lights”, nothing else matches.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> ar i·kiry-o kal-uvá-re tala-i-n kulu-kalma-lí-nen = “✱and the·ship-of shine-(future)-she sail-(plural)-(nominative) gold-light-(plural)-with”

arinya

adjective. fireside

A word appearing as ᴱQ. arinya “fireside” in both the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. arin “hearth” (QL/32; PME/32).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings, [ᴹQ.] arinya meant “morning, early” (Ety/AR¹), so I would update the Early Quenya word to ᴺQ. ruimenya “fireside, by the fire” based on the later word ruimen for “hearth” (PE17/183).

aris

noun. daughter, maid

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “daughter, maid”, a feminine variant of ᴱQ. ar “child” (QL/32). It is also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “daughter” (PME/32).

artanor

place name. Land Beyond

The Qenya equivalent to the precursor of Doriath: G. Dor Athro “Land Beyond” (LT1/196, LT2A/Artanor). It is a compound of arta “across” and nóre “land”.

ardaliskea

place name. Place of Reeds

A Qenya name for G. Garlisgion in early name lists (PE13/102), a compound of arda “place” and a variant (adjectival?) form of liske “reeds”.

ardalomba

place name. Secret Place

A Qenya name for G. Gar Thurion in early name lists (PE13/102), a compound of arda “place” and lomba “secret”. It appeared beside the variant form Ardaurin whose etymology is less clear.

arma

noun. flock of sheep

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “flock of sheep” derived from the early root ᴱ√‘ṚMṚ (QL/32).

aryan

place name. Shadow Place

Another name for Mandos said to mean “Shadow Place”, appearing in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s (QL/32). It is probably a combination of ᴱ√ƷARA and ᴱ√YAÐA as suggested by Lokyt. ᴱQ. Aryanor was said to be a more direct translation of ᴱIlk. Aryador “Land of Shadow”.

arakte

noun. (stony) beach

A word for “beach” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. arak “piles of stones” (QL/30). In the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa Tolkien clarified that it was more specifically a “stony beach” (PME/30).

arqilis

noun. desert

A word given in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “desert”, apparently a noun formation from ᴱQ. arqa “arid, parched, dry” (QL/32).

arum

masculine name. Oromë

ar(a)

conjunction. but; and

ar laiqali linqi falmari

and the green wet waves

ar wingildin wilwarindeën

and the foam-like butterflies

arvalin

place name. Nigh Valinor

arak

noun. shingle, piles of stones

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “shingle, piles of stones”, from a vocalic augment added to the root ᴱ√RAKA “pile up” (QL/39).

are

adverb. beside, along

are

adverb. very, intensive

arean

noun. wilderness, deserted place

ari-

prefix. intensive

arm-

verb. to gather, collect

artan

noun. hammer

aru

adverb. in addition, as well, besides

arwa

noun. field

aryúlima

adjective. equal, equivalent

are-

prefix. intensive

arne

noun. child

larma

noun. area, space, room

markirya

noun. ark

qentien no máre nar i hondor

*than good, I said, are the hearts

marda

noun. world

karne

adjective. red

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

vardar

noun. king

naqar

noun. thief

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

tartan

noun. hammer

rá

noun. arm

hosse

noun. army, band, troop

panna

noun. arrangement, grouping; book

pilna

noun. arrow

ranko

noun. arm

ranta

noun. arch, bridge

rimni

adverb. around, all around

qasil

noun. arrow, arrow-feather

rakta

noun. arm

rimbi

adverb. around, all around

tektele

noun. art of writing, script; writings, documents, papers, scriptures

morwinyon

proper name. Glint at Dusk, Glint in the Dark; Arcturus

A name for Arcturus in the earliest Lost Tales, glossed “glint at dusk” and “glint in the dark” (LT1/182; QL/62). It seems to be combination of the roots ᴱ√MORO and ᴱ√GWINI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Morwinyon).

ráma

noun. wing; arm

ambapenda

adjective. uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome

fingwa

adjective. narrow

kúne

noun. crescent, bow, arch

pano

noun. series, course, plan, arrangement

panya-

verb. to plan, arrange, intend, mean

pilin

noun. feather; arrow

mel(i)na

adjective. dear

melin

adjective. dear, beloved

purin

noun. hearth

róna-

verb. to arise, rise, ascend

santa

adjective. dear, beloved

túrion

noun. palace

A word appearing as ᴱQ. tūrion (túriond-) or turindo “palace” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TURU “am strong” (QL/95). The contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa had ᴱQ. tūriond- “palace” (PME/96).

Neo-Quenya: I would use ᴺQ. túrion as “palace” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since the root √TUR “master(y), strong” survived on Tolkien’s later writing. This word was used, for example, in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT). ABNW (ABNW) from the early 2000’s proposed a different neologism: ᴺQ. arcöa “palace”, a combination of ar(a)- “noble” and cöa “house”.

aiwala

masculine name. Aiwala

An (Early) Qenya equivalent to Eöl in an early name list along with a number of variants (PE13/104). In some other early notes, it appeared as Arval (LT2I/Arval). Its etymology is unclear.

tan(y)a

noun. fire

An element meaning “fire” in some early names: tanya in ᴱQ. Tanyasalpe (LT1/187), tana in ᴱQ. Tana Qentima equivalent of G. Tôn a Gwedrin “Tale-fire” (PE15/7; LT2/197), and possibly also in ᴱQ. Fatanyu “Hell” (GL/51). Tan(y)a is likely a derivative of the early root ᴱ√tan- (GL/69, 71).

ára

noun. dry sand, grit

A noun given as {āra >>} àra in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “dry sand, grit” given as a derivative of ᴱ√ARA “be dry” (QL/32), also mentioned as āra in contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon alongside its Gnomish cognate G. ôr of similar meaning (GL/62). It is not clear what (if any) significance the grave accent à has.

anai

noun. woman

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s form “woman” with variants anai and anî, a feminine form ᴱQ. anu “a male” (QL/31).

fion

noun. son

A word glossed {“nephew” >>} “son” in an isolated entry of the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with stem form fiond- (QL/37). The same word appeared unglossed under the early root ᴱ√SUẈU where it was derived from primitive ᴱ✶þẉ-iı̯on-d (QL/87).

hilu

noun. son

A word for “son” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants hilu and hilmo under the early root ᴱ√HILI (QL/40), both variants also appearing in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/40).

ion

noun. son

In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. Ion was the “mystic name of God, 2nd Person of Blessed Trinity”, that is the “Son” in the “Father, Son, Holy Ghost” trinity (QL/43). In that document yon or yond- was given in a couple of places as (archaic?) words for “son” (QL/43, 106). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien gave ion as the equivalent of ᴱN. gó “son”, along with a plural form yondi (PE13/113). However, in the English-Qenya Dictionary Tolkien said yondi was an irregular plural form of ᴱQ. yondo “son” (PE15/77), and this is the form he typically used in later writings.

nyél

noun. woman

A word for “woman” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s with stem form nyel-, as indicated by its accusative nyela (PE16/135). Its etymology is unclear; Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson suggested it might be connected to the early root ᴱ√NYEHE “weep” or later root ᴹ√NYEL “ring, sing”, but these both feel like stretches to me.

turwa

adjective. powerful

An adjective for “powerful” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TURU “am strong” (QL/96).

Neo-Quenya: Since √TUR remains connected to power in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d retain this word for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but I’d use it for general or abstract forms of potency, as opposed to being physically powerful (turca or [ᴹQ.] poldórea) or politically powerful (túrëa). For example: turwa nus “a powerful smell” or turwa vangwe “a powerful storm”.

vasse

noun. wing

A word for “wing” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VASA (QL/100). A similar word ’wasse appeared under the early root ᴱ√GWASA (QL/103). The word vasse “wing” also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/22) and again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/137), but not thereafter.

ha

pronoun. it; 3rd sg. neut. pronoun

yu

?. [unglossed]

orome

masculine name. Orome

rótele

noun. cave

(a)rauka

adjective. swift, rushing

(a)rauke

noun. demon, fiend

-ie

suffix. abstract noun

-le

suffix. abstract noun

-me

suffix. abstract noun

-sse

suffix. abstract noun

ala

noun. wing

e-

verb. to be

ematte

?. [unglossed]

ka

?. [unglossed]

kale

noun. day

kuluina

adjective. golden

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

lá

noun. day

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

nierme

?. [unglossed]

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

ráqa

adjective. rough

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

soro-

verb. to sit

sá

noun. fire

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

ya(n)

conjunction. and

a

pronoun. it

a-

prefix. it; 3rd sg. neut. pronoun

aka

adverb. very, intensive

aka-

prefix. intensive

alle

?. [unglossed]

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

angwe

?. [unglossed]

anwe

?. [unglossed]

anî

noun. woman

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

eant

?. [unglossed]

el

adverb/adjective. one

en(we)

noun. name

enken

adverb. then

enqe

preposition. without

entan

adverb. then

ere-

prefix. out

ere-

verb. to go

erus(ta)

noun/adjective. outside

faika

adjective. free

faire

adjective. free

fan

noun. dog

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

heru

noun. lord

hil(de)

noun. child

hilmo

noun. son

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

hosta

noun. folk

huan

noun. dog

@@@ reflects older sw- > hu-

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

intya

?. [unglossed]

kala

noun. morning

kuluksa

adjective. golden

kuluvoite

adjective. golden

kále

noun. morning

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

las

noun. [unglossed]

laurea

adjective. golden

laurina

adjective. golden

loista-

verb. to refresh

loita-

verb. to refresh

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

mailina

adjective. beautiful

min-

verb. [unglossed]

mir

cardinal. one

na

preposition. for

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

nî

noun. woman

ole-

prefix. intensive

oli-

prefix. intensive

olóle

adverb. very, intensive

orda

adjective. lofty

oro-

verb. to rise

orot

noun. cave

orwa

adjective. lofty

petl

noun. hammer

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

qaptale

noun. exchange

qen

noun. Elf

qende

noun. Elf

ralle

?. [unglossed]

rauka

adjective. swift

rauke

noun. demon

sa-

prefix. intensive

saile

noun. [unglossed]

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

sauke

?. [unglossed]

selka

adjective. bright

silde

noun. daughter

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

soraksa

noun. shingle

sorin

noun. throne

sui

noun. daughter

súme

?. [unglossed]

tahóra

adjective. lofty

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

tie-

verb. to go

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

toron

?. [unglossed]

tur

noun. king

turanwen

noun. princess

turille

noun. princess

turindo

noun. palace

turwen

noun. princess

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

tyen

adverb. then

tyulin

adjective. tall

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

túranu

noun. king

túrea

adjective. mighty

ulku

noun. wolf

umpai

?. [unglossed]

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

uru

noun. fire

urwen(di)

feminine name. Sun-maiden

usult

?. [unglossed]

valle

?. [unglossed]

valma

adjective. powerful

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

vondo

noun. son

vô

noun. son

wasse

noun. wing

yaim-

verb. to possess

yaima-

verb. to possess

yando

adverb. also

yon

noun. son

yó

noun. son

ó-

verb. to be