A name appearing only in linguistic notes from 1930s (PE21/41), its meaning is unclear.
Qenya
ta
pronoun. that, it
tarkilion
place name. Tarkilion
tar-kalion
masculine name. Tar-Kalion
tar-kalion ohtakáre valannar
Tar-Kalion made war on the Powers
tauretavárea-tumbalemorna tumbaletaurea landataváre
Tauretavárea-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurea landataváre
tampio
proper name. Tampio
tar-ellion
feminine name. Queen of the Stars
tam-
verb. to tap
taras mindolluin thāra ondoresse
Mt. Mindolluin stands in Gondor
tangwa
noun. hasp, clasp, hasp, clasp, *fastener
A noun for “hasp, clasp” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶takmā “thing for fixing” under the root ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast” (Ety/TAK). It is an example of how primitive ✶km developed into ngw in Quenya of the 1930s through 1950s.
Neo-Quenya: Sometime in the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien revised his notion of the phonetic developments for ancient stop-nasal combination, so that ✶km became qu (PE19/85). However, I choose to ignore this particular revision to Quenya phonology, and as such I would retain tangwa “hasp, clasp” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. I would use tangwa for a “clasp” in clothing over the word tancal(a), whose use I limit to decorative brooches. I would also use tangwa for movable fasteners in general (e.g. hasps to hold windows closed), not just in clothing.
tallune
noun. sole of foot
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sole of foot”, a combination of ᴹQ. tál “foot” and the root ᴹ√RUN “flat of hand or sole of foot” (Ety/RUN). Tolkien gave a primitive form ᴹ✶talrunya after this word, but that is unlikely to produce the Quenya word tallune; a second primitive element of ✱-runē is more likely.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s has the word ᴱQ. talas (talast-) “sole” under the early root ᴱ√TALA “support”, also the basis for ᴱQ. tala “foot” (QL/88). The contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa gave it only in its stem form talast- “sole” (PME/88).
talmar ambaren
place name. Roots of the Earth
talta
noun. incline
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “an incline” derived from the root ᴹ√TALAT “to slope, lean, tip” (Ety/TALÁT).
tambaro
noun. woodpecker, (lit.) knocker
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “woodpecker, knocker”, an agental form of ᴹQ. tamba- “knock” (Ety/TAM).
tanwe
noun. craft, thing made, device, construction
@@@ could still have developed from √TAM because [[aq|[mw] became [nw]]]
tarakil
masculine name. Trotter
Quenya names for Aragorn’s line in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, glossed “Trotter” (WR/390, 395). The etymology of the name is unclear, but Roman Rausch suggested the initial element might be derived from the root ᴹ√TARAK (EE/3.42).
tarka
noun. horn [of animals]
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “horn” derived from the root ᴹ√TARAK “horn (of animals)” (Ety/TARÁK).
Conceptual Development: A similar noun ᴱQ. taru “horn” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TARA (QL/89). It was also mentioned in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/89).
tarkilmar
place name. Westermanton
tarqendi
collective name. High-elves
talat
noun. sheet
A word for “sheet” in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s of unclear derivation.
Conceptual Development: In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. talat was “dry land” (PE16/139). The word talat also appeared (unglossed) in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the mid-to-late 1930s (PE22/20).
tambe
noun. pot
A word in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s whose archaic form tambı̯ǝ was glossed “pot” (PE21/12). Its inflected forms indicate its stem form was effectively tambi- (PE21/12). Tambe is probably related to ᴱQ. tambin “cauldron” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TAMA “beat; smelt, forge” (QL/88).
tar-kulu
masculine name. *High Gold
taras
noun. mount, hill
A noun appearing in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s, with its singular form taras glossed “mount” (PE22/126) and its plural form tarassi glossed “hills” (PE22/126). It appears to be an elaboration of ᴹQ. tára “high”, so perhaps more literally means “✱heights”. In later writings it seems Q. taras was used as a word for “tower” (PE17/22), though S. Taras did reappear as the name of a mountain in Sindarin (S/119).
taure huinéva
place name. *Forest of Shadow
A Quenya translation of N. Taur-na-Fuin “Forest of Night” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/PHUY). Tolkien did not provide a Quenya translation of the later name S. Taur-nu-Fuin.
toa
adjective. of wool, woollen
tana
pronoun. that (anaphoric)
taniqetil
place name. High White Horn
tanka
adjective. firm, fixed, sure, firm, fixed, sure, [ᴱQ.] fast; steady, (stead)fast
tankil
noun. brooch, clasp, pin; fastener
tar
adverb. thither, beyond
tasar(e)
noun. willow-tree
tankata-
verb. to make fixed or firm, confirm
tanna
adverb. thither
tar-
affix. high; king or queen (in compounds)
tavar
noun. wood (material)
tavaril
noun. dryad, spirit of woods (f.)
tavaron
noun. dryad, spirit of woods (m.)
taile
noun. lengthening, extension
taina
adjective. lengthened, extended, prolonged
taita-
verb. to prolong, to prolong, *lengthen
tak-
verb. to fasten, to fasten, [ᴱQ.] fix
takse
noun. nail
talan
noun. floor, ground
talma
noun. base, foundation, root
talta
adjective. sloping, tilted, leaning, inclined
talta-
verb. to slip (down), fall, slide down, slope
tamba-
verb. to knock, keep on knocking
tampa
noun. stopper
tano
noun. craftsman, smith
tanta
adjective. double
tap-
verb. to stop, block
tarkil
proper name. High Man
tarmenel
place name. High Heaven
tarqesta
proper name. High Speech, High Language
tasarinan
place name. Land of Willows
tatya-
verb. to double, repeat
taima
noun. extension
tal
adverb. downwards
taltelepsa
feminine name. *Silverfoot
taltyelemna
feminine name. *Silverfoot
tarya
adjective. tough, stiff
tasse
adverb. there
tasse intin nan
there they (are) again
tasse i·osto
there (is) the city
tatalla-
verb. to admire, wonder at (the excellence of), marvel
tatalta-
verb. [unglossed]
taura
adjective. mighty
taure
noun. great wood, forest
taurina
adjective. of wood
talte
adverb. down, at the bottom
tanga-
verb. to twang
tango
noun. twang
tankal(a)
noun. clasp, brooch, fastener
tante
noun. [unglossed]
tarki-
verb. to trouble
tasse e·orta silalya
there it rises shining
qenta
noun. tale, story, account, history
fasta-
verb. to tangle
A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “tangle” derived from the root ᴹ√PHAS (Ety/PHAS).
hauta-
verb. to cease, take a rest, stop
martalmar
place name. Roots of the Earth
atar
noun. father
atta
cardinal. two
lanta
noun. fall
vanta-
verb. to walk, to walk, *trudge, trek
-ta
suffix. causative
ataltare
noun. collapse
etta
pronoun. his
lilta-
verb. to dance
olta-
verb. [unglossed]
hlasta-
verb. to hear
fasse
noun. tangled hair, shaggy lock
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “tangled hair, shaggy lock” derived from the root ᴹ√PHAS (Ety/PHAS).
lamorni
collective name. Talking Trees
atsa
noun. tassel, fryse, fringe
halla
adjective. tall
laman
noun. tame beast
nyarie
noun. talking
nyarna
noun. tale, saga
nyáre
noun. tale, saga, history
tunda
adjective. tall
tunga
adjective. taut, tight; resonant (of strings)
halda
adjective. tall
aikasse
noun. mountain peak
A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “mountain peak”, an abstract noun formation of ᴹQ. aika “sharp” (Ety/AYAK).
sulpa-
verb. to lap up, drink greedily, to lap up, drink greedily; [ᴱQ.] to lick, sup, lick up, sup up; to sip, taste; to drink
A verb glossed “to lap up, drink greedily” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the late 1940s as an example of a talat-stem verb (PE22/114-115), perhaps derived from a variant ✱ᴹ√SULUP of the root ᴹ√SALAP “lick up” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/SÁLAP).
Conceptual Development: This verb appeared as ᴱQ. sulp- “lick, sup, lick up, sup up” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ (QL/84). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s it was glossed “drink” (PE14/58) and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it was glossed “sips, tastes” (PE13/149).
i
pronoun. that
sa
pronoun. that
sana
adjective. that
in
pronoun. that
aiqa
adjective. steep, steep, [ᴱQ.] tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief
hamu-
verb. to sit down, take a seat
lemya-
verb. to remain, tarry
manwe
masculine name. on Taniqetil
nyar(a)-
verb. to relate, tell, recite (in sing-song voice), talk
oron
noun. mountain
qetil
noun. tongue, language, talk
ser-
verb. to rest, repose; to stay, tarry, stop, be for a while, at the moment
thar-
verb. to stand
ton-
verb. to tap, knock
tyav-
verb. to taste
tol-
verb. to stand
atsa
noun. claw, catch, hook
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “catch, hook, claw” derived from the root ᴹ√GAT (Ety/GAT). This root had one other derivative, the verb N. gad- “catch”, so it seems likely that ᴹQ. atsa can refer to any curved, pointy thing for catching or holding, so that “catch” (as a noun) is probably its original sense. In notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s and 40s, however, it was glossed only “claw” (PE22/22, 50), and in the 1940s document its gloss was revised to ᴹQ. atsa “tassel, fryse, fringe” from a distinct root ᴹ√TAS (PE22/50 note #187).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer to use atsa as “claw, catch” and would use ᴹQ. fas for “fringe, tassel”; see that entry for discussion.
helle
noun. sky
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sky” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL of the same meaning (Ety/ƷEL).
kulo
noun. flame
A word for “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUL “golden-red”, but this word was deleted (EtyAC/KUL).
landa
noun. plain
A noun for “a plain” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the 1940s derived from ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” with variants landa and lanna (PE22/126), the latter probably derived from ✱ladna with the voiced stop d becoming a nasal before nasal n. It might simply be the noun form of adjective ᴹQ. landa “wide” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LAD).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the form landa, which appears in an inflected form landannar “to the plains” early in QVS (PE22/125).
lúpe
noun. plume
A noun for “plume” from notes on Qenya Spelling from the 1930s, descriptive of a curved tehta sign but probably inspired by (and still applicable to) the plume feather of a bird (PE22/63).
morko
noun. bear
tupse
noun. thatch
tussa
noun. bush
tó
noun. wool
A noun in The Etymologies of the late 1930s glossed “wool” and derived from the root ᴹ√TOW (Ety/TOW).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s had ᴱQ. oa “wool” under the early root ᴱ√OWO (QL/71). This became ᴱQ. toa in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, cognate to G. tô “wool” from primitive ᴱ✶tou̯ (GL/71). ᴹQ. tó “wool” first appeared in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s, but there it was an example of a monosyllable ō-noun derived from -ōʒǝ: ✱tōʒǝ (PE21/40). Compare this to ᴱN. tô “wool, fleece” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s derived from primitive ᴱ✶togō or ᴱ✶togo (PE13/154, 165).
Possible Etymology: The derivation ᴹ√TOW > ᴹQ. tó in The Etymologies seems to be the result of a sound change whereby stressed ou became ō (vs. unstressed ou becoming ū); this change was mentioned in both the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1930s (PE19/53) and the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s (PE19/106). However, in Tolkien’s later writing, the usual development of ou was to ū even if the syllable was stressed: compare ✶lou > lū and ✶lounē̆ > lūn in notes from the late 1960s (PE17/137).
Neo-Quenya: I would retain tó “wool” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but would assume it is derived from either ✱tō or ✱togō, similar to its derivation from the earlier 1930s. This also makes it easier to retain ᴱN. tô “wool” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.
ando lómen
proper name. Door of Night
tinga-
verb. to twang
tár
noun. king
tára
adjective. lofty, high
tári
noun. queen
tál
noun. foot; bottom
laqe[t]-
verb. [unglossed]
nár(e)
noun. flame
palme
noun. surface
panda
noun. enclosure
yáve
noun. fruit
alda
noun. tree
aldaron
masculine name. Lord of Forests
ampan-
verb. to build
anaristya
noun. [unglossed]
anda
adjective. long
ando
adverb. long
aran
noun. king
atwa
adjective. double
engwa
?. [unglossed]
enyáre
adverb. in that day
esse
noun. name
este
feminine name. rest
he
pronoun. they
hyelle
noun. glass
hyelma
?. [unglossed]
intin
pronoun. they
@@@ Regarding -n see “the final -m/n that sometimes appears at the end of object pronouns in pl. and belongs to them, not to the subject.” (PE22/94) as suggested by Aleksandr Zapragajev: j-teuber.github.io
kaltua
?. [unglossed]
kanda
noun. [unglossed]
karpalimaite
noun. [unglossed]
kurwe
noun. craft
káno
noun. chief
lamba
noun. tongue
lasse
noun. leaf
lau(w)e
?. [unglossed]
laure
noun. gold
lav-
verb. to lick
lopo
noun. rabbit
lára
adjective. flat
lóna
adjective. dark
mai(y)a
noun. [unglossed]
mána
adjective. blessed
namba
noun. hammer
nandakka-
verb. [unglossed]
nandaro
noun. harper
nande
noun. harp
narwe
noun. sign, token
nerno
?. [unglossed]
neuna
adjective. second, second, *following, next
ninya
pronoun. my, my; [ᴺQ.] mine
not-
verb. to reckon
nóte
noun. number
núra
adjective. deep
rampa
?. [unglossed]
saira
adjective. wise
sisíria-
verb. [unglossed]
séra
?. [unglossed]
sóla
?. [unglossed]
tenna
noun. a letter
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
tilion
masculine name. Horned
tinge
noun. twang
toi
pronoun. they
top-
verb. to cover
toróma
noun. [unglossed]
tyel
noun. end
táre
adverb. *that day
tárinar
noun. *alternate name of Valanya
ye
preposition. at
yelme
noun. [unglossed]
a
preposition. [unglossed]
alama
noun. [unglossed]
almárea
adjective. blessed
amaldume
noun. [unglossed]
assa
pronoun. [unglossed]
asse
pronoun. [unglossed]
asso
pronoun. [unglossed]
ente
pronoun. [unglossed]
ento
pronoun. [unglossed]
ereáma
?. [unglossed]
es
[unglossed]
fuine
noun. deep shadow
hana
noun. post
lamba
noun. hammer
lanna
noun. plain
mahtya
?. [unglossed]
maldo
noun. [unglossed]
niule
?. [unglossed]
rasko
noun. horn
sahte
noun. [unglossed]
sarya
noun. [unglossed]
teuka
?. [unglossed]
timpana
noun. [unglossed]
toina
adjective. [unglossed]
tyue
noun. [unglossed]
té
noun. path
varinye
noun. [unglossed]
éma
?. [unglossed]
nyûna
adjective. second
Earlier name for Annúminas appearing in drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/167). It seems to contain Tarkil “High-man”, and might be the genitive plural of that word.