ta

pronoun. that, it

tarkilion

place name. Tarkilion

Earlier name for Annúminas appearing in drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/167). It seems to contain Tarkil “High-man”, and might be the genitive plural of that word.

tar-kalion

masculine name. Tar-Kalion

tar-kalion ohtakáre valannar

Tar-Kalion made war on the Powers

tauretavárea-tumbalemorna tumbaletaurea landataváre

Tauretavárea-tumbalemorna Tumbaletaurea landataváre

tampio

proper name. Tampio

A name appearing only in linguistic notes from 1930s (PE21/41), its meaning is unclear.

tar-ellion

feminine name. Queen of the Stars

A variant of Elentári appearing in a note from the 1930s (LR/200). Its initial element is probably tar- “high”, and its second element might be some peculiar genitive partitive-plural form of elen “star”.

tam-

verb. to tap

taras mindolluin thāra ondoresse

Mt. Mindolluin stands in Gondor

tangwa

noun. hasp, clasp, hasp, clasp, *fastener

A noun for “hasp, clasp” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶takmā “thing for fixing” under the root ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast” (Ety/TAK). It is an example of how primitive ✶km developed into ngw in Quenya of the 1930s through 1950s.

Neo-Quenya: Sometime in the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien revised his notion of the phonetic developments for ancient stop-nasal combination, so that ✶km became qu (PE19/85). However, I choose to ignore this particular revision to Quenya phonology, and as such I would retain tangwa “hasp, clasp” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. I would use tangwa for a “clasp” in clothing over the word tancal(a), whose use I limit to decorative brooches. I would also use tangwa for movable fasteners in general (e.g. hasps to hold windows closed), not just in clothing.

tallune

noun. sole of foot

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sole of foot”, a combination of ᴹQ. tál “foot” and the root ᴹ√RUN “flat of hand or sole of foot” (Ety/RUN). Tolkien gave a primitive form ᴹ✶talrunya after this word, but that is unlikely to produce the Quenya word tallune; a second primitive element of ✱-runē is more likely.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s has the word ᴱQ. talas (talast-) “sole” under the early root ᴱ√TALA “support”, also the basis for ᴱQ. tala “foot” (QL/88). The contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa gave it only in its stem form talast- “sole” (PME/88).

talmar ambaren

place name. Roots of the Earth

Another name for Martalmar in cosmological notes from the 1930s (SM/241), a combination of the plural of talma “root” and the genitive of Ambar “world” (Ety/TAL).

talta

noun. incline

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “an incline” derived from the root ᴹ√TALAT “to slope, lean, tip” (Ety/TALÁT).

tambaro

noun. woodpecker, (lit.) knocker

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “woodpecker, knocker”, an agental form of ᴹQ. tamba- “knock” (Ety/TAM).

tanwe

noun. craft, thing made, device, construction

@@@ could still have developed from √TAM because [[aq|[mw] became [nw]]]

tarakil

masculine name. Trotter

Quenya names for Aragorn’s line in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, glossed “Trotter” (WR/390, 395). The etymology of the name is unclear, but Roman Rausch suggested the initial element might be derived from the root ᴹ√TARAK (EE/3.42).

tarka

noun. horn [of animals]

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “horn” derived from the root ᴹ√TARAK “horn (of animals)” (Ety/TARÁK).

Conceptual Development: A similar noun ᴱQ. taru “horn” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TARA (QL/89). It was also mentioned in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/89).

tarkilmar

place name. Westermanton

Earlier name for Annúminas appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s with the gloss “Westermanton” (TI/144, 304). It is a combination of Tarkil “High-man” and mar “home”, as noted by Roman Rausch (EE/2.19).

tarqendi

collective name. High-elves

Another name for the Lindar appearing in name lists and The Etymologies from the 1930s (LR/403, Ety/TĀ). It seems to be a combination of tar- “high” and the plural of Qende “Elf”.

talat

noun. sheet

A word for “sheet” in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s of unclear derivation.

Conceptual Development: In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. talat was “dry land” (PE16/139). The word talat also appeared (unglossed) in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the mid-to-late 1930s (PE22/20).

tambe

noun. pot

A word in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s whose archaic form tambı̯ǝ was glossed “pot” (PE21/12). Its inflected forms indicate its stem form was effectively tambi- (PE21/12). Tambe is probably related to ᴱQ. tambin “cauldron” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TAMA “beat; smelt, forge” (QL/88).

tar-kulu

masculine name. *High Gold

A name appearing only in The Etymologies from the 1930s, as a combination of tar- “high” and kulu “gold” (EtyAC/KUL). Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne suggested it might be a variation of Tar-Calion.

taras

noun. mount, hill

A noun appearing in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s, with its singular form taras glossed “mount” (PE22/126) and its plural form tarassi glossed “hills” (PE22/126). It appears to be an elaboration of ᴹQ. tára “high”, so perhaps more literally means “✱heights”. In later writings it seems Q. taras was used as a word for “tower” (PE17/22), though S. Taras did reappear as the name of a mountain in Sindarin (S/119).

taure huinéva

place name. *Forest of Shadow

A Quenya translation of N. Taur-na-Fuin “Forest of Night” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/PHUY). Tolkien did not provide a Quenya translation of the later name S. Taur-nu-Fuin.

toa

adjective. of wool, woollen

An adjective in The Etymologies of the late 1930s glossed “of wool, woollen” and derived from the root ᴹ√TOW (Ety/TOW).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. oara “of wool”, an adjective form of ᴱQ. oa “wool” under the early root ᴱ√OWO (QL/71).

tana

pronoun. that (anaphoric)

taniqetil

place name. High White Horn

tanka

adjective. firm, fixed, sure, firm, fixed, sure, [ᴱQ.] fast; steady, (stead)fast

tankil

noun. brooch, clasp, pin; fastener

tar

adverb. thither, beyond

tasar(e)

noun. willow-tree

tankata-

verb. to make fixed or firm, confirm

tanna

adverb. thither

tar-

affix. high; king or queen (in compounds)

tavar

noun. wood (material)

tavaril

noun. dryad, spirit of woods (f.)

tavaron

noun. dryad, spirit of woods (m.)

taile

noun. lengthening, extension

taina

adjective. lengthened, extended, prolonged

taita-

verb. to prolong, to prolong, *lengthen

tak-

verb. to fasten, to fasten, [ᴱQ.] fix

takse

noun. nail

talan

noun. floor, ground

talma

noun. base, foundation, root

talta

adjective. sloping, tilted, leaning, inclined

talta-

verb. to slip (down), fall, slide down, slope

tamba-

verb. to knock, keep on knocking

tampa

noun. stopper

tano

noun. craftsman, smith

tanta

adjective. double

tap-

verb. to stop, block

tarkil

proper name. High Man

tarmenel

place name. High Heaven

tarqesta

proper name. High Speech, High Language

tasarinan

place name. Land of Willows

tatya-

verb. to double, repeat

taima

noun. extension

tal

adverb. downwards

taltelepsa

feminine name. *Silverfoot

taltyelemna

feminine name. *Silverfoot

tarya

adjective. tough, stiff

tasse

adverb. there

tasse intin nan

there they (are) again

tasse i·osto

there (is) the city

tatalla-

verb. to admire, wonder at (the excellence of), marvel

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

taura

adjective. mighty

taure

noun. great wood, forest

taurina

adjective. of wood

talte

adverb. down, at the bottom

tanga-

verb. to twang

tango

noun. twang

tankal(a)

noun. clasp, brooch, fastener

tante

noun. [unglossed]

tarki-

verb. to trouble

tasse e·orta silalya

there it rises shining

qenta

noun. tale, story, account, history

fasta-

verb. to tangle

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “tangle” derived from the root ᴹ√PHAS (Ety/PHAS).

hauta-

verb. to cease, take a rest, stop

martalmar

place name. Roots of the Earth

The “veins of the world” in some cosmological notes from the 1930s (SM/241-2, 255), also appearing in The Etymologies as combination of mar “world” and the plural of talma “root” (Ety/TAL).

atar

noun. father

atta

cardinal. two

lanta

noun. fall

vanta-

verb. to walk, to walk, *trudge, trek

-ta

suffix. causative

ataltare

noun. collapse

etta

pronoun. his

lilta-

verb. to dance

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

hlasta-

verb. to hear

fasse

noun. tangled hair, shaggy lock

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “tangled hair, shaggy lock” derived from the root ᴹ√PHAS (Ety/PHAS).

lamorni

collective name. Talking Trees

An earlier term for the huorn appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s glossed “Talking Trees” (WR/50), apparently a combination of some form of the root ᴹ√LAM having to do with language and the plural of orne “tree”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.3).

atsa

noun. tassel, fryse, fringe

halla

adjective. tall

laman

noun. tame beast

nyarie

noun. talking

nyarna

noun. tale, saga

nyáre

noun. tale, saga, history

tunda

adjective. tall

tunga

adjective. taut, tight; resonant (of strings)

halda

adjective. tall

aikasse

noun. mountain peak

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “mountain peak”, an abstract noun formation of ᴹQ. aika “sharp” (Ety/AYAK).

sulpa-

verb. to lap up, drink greedily, to lap up, drink greedily; [ᴱQ.] to lick, sup, lick up, sup up; to sip, taste; to drink

A verb glossed “to lap up, drink greedily” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the late 1940s as an example of a talat-stem verb (PE22/114-115), perhaps derived from a variant ✱ᴹ√SULUP of the root ᴹ√SALAP “lick up” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/SÁLAP).

Conceptual Development: This verb appeared as ᴱQ. sulp- “lick, sup, lick up, sup up” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ (QL/84). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s it was glossed “drink” (PE14/58) and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it was glossed “sips, tastes” (PE13/149).

i

pronoun. that

sa

pronoun. that

sana

adjective. that

in

pronoun. that

aiqa

adjective. steep, steep, [ᴱQ.] tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief

hamu-

verb. to sit down, take a seat

lemya-

verb. to remain, tarry

manwe

masculine name. on Taniqetil

nyar(a)-

verb. to relate, tell, recite (in sing-song voice), talk

oron

noun. mountain

qetil

noun. tongue, language, talk

ser-

verb. to rest, repose; to stay, tarry, stop, be for a while, at the moment

thar-

verb. to stand

ton-

verb. to tap, knock

tyav-

verb. to taste

tol-

verb. to stand

atsa

noun. claw, catch, hook

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “catch, hook, claw” derived from the root ᴹ√GAT (Ety/GAT). This root had one other derivative, the verb N. gad- “catch”, so it seems likely that ᴹQ. atsa can refer to any curved, pointy thing for catching or holding, so that “catch” (as a noun) is probably its original sense. In notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s and 40s, however, it was glossed only “claw” (PE22/22, 50), and in the 1940s document its gloss was revised to ᴹQ. atsa “tassel, fryse, fringe” from a distinct root ᴹ√TAS (PE22/50 note #187).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer to use atsa as “claw, catch” and would use ᴹQ. fas for “fringe, tassel”; see that entry for discussion.

helle

noun. sky

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sky” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL of the same meaning (Ety/ƷEL).

kulo

noun. flame

A word for “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUL “golden-red”, but this word was deleted (EtyAC/KUL).

landa

noun. plain

A noun for “a plain” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the 1940s derived from ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” with variants landa and lanna (PE22/126), the latter probably derived from ✱ladna with the voiced stop d becoming a nasal before nasal n. It might simply be the noun form of adjective ᴹQ. landa “wide” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LAD).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the form landa, which appears in an inflected form landannar “to the plains” early in QVS (PE22/125).

lúpe

noun. plume

A noun for “plume” from notes on Qenya Spelling from the 1930s, descriptive of a curved tehta sign but probably inspired by (and still applicable to) the plume feather of a bird (PE22/63).

morko

noun. bear

A noun for “bear” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶morókō under the root ᴹ√MOROK (Ety/MORÓK).

tupse

noun. thatch

A noun for “thatch” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶tupsē under the root ᴹ√TUP (Ety/TUP).

tussa

noun. bush

A noun for “bush” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶tussā under the root ᴹ√TUS (Ety/TUS).

tó

noun. wool

A noun in The Etymologies of the late 1930s glossed “wool” and derived from the root ᴹ√TOW (Ety/TOW).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s had ᴱQ. oa “wool” under the early root ᴱ√OWO (QL/71). This became ᴱQ. toa in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, cognate to G. tô “wool” from primitive ᴱ✶tou̯ (GL/71). ᴹQ. tó “wool” first appeared in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s, but there it was an example of a monosyllable ō-noun derived from -ōʒǝ: ✱tōʒǝ (PE21/40). Compare this to ᴱN. tô “wool, fleece” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s derived from primitive ᴱ✶togō or ᴱ✶togo (PE13/154, 165).

Possible Etymology: The derivation ᴹ√TOW > ᴹQ. tó in The Etymologies seems to be the result of a sound change whereby stressed ou became ō (vs. unstressed ou becoming ū); this change was mentioned in both the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1930s (PE19/53) and the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s (PE19/106). However, in Tolkien’s later writing, the usual development of ou was to ū even if the syllable was stressed: compare ✶lou > lū and ✶lounē̆ > lūn in notes from the late 1960s (PE17/137).

Neo-Quenya: I would retain tó “wool” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but would assume it is derived from either ✱tō or ✱togō, similar to its derivation from the earlier 1930s. This also makes it easier to retain ᴱN. tô “wool” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

ando lómen

proper name. Door of Night

Name of the “Doors of Night” leading beyond the world in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/237, 241), also appearing as a rejected name in The Etymologies as combination of ando “door” and the genitive of lóme “night” (EtyAC/LOƷ).

tinga-

verb. to twang

tár

noun. king

tára

adjective. lofty, high

tári

noun. queen

tál

noun. foot; bottom

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

nár(e)

noun. flame

palme

noun. surface

panda

noun. enclosure

yáve

noun. fruit

alda

noun. tree

aldaron

masculine name. Lord of Forests

ampan-

verb. to build

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

anda

adjective. long

ando

adverb. long

aran

noun. king

atwa

adjective. double

engwa

?. [unglossed]

enyáre

adverb. in that day

esse

noun. name

este

feminine name. rest

he

pronoun. they

hyelle

noun. glass

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

intin

pronoun. they

@@@ Regarding -n see “the final -m/n that sometimes appears at the end of object pronouns in pl. and belongs to them, not to the subject.” (PE22/94) as suggested by Aleksandr Zapragajev: j-teuber.github.io

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

kurwe

noun. craft

káno

noun. chief

lamba

noun. tongue

lasse

noun. leaf

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

laure

noun. gold

lav-

verb. to lick

lopo

noun. rabbit

lára

adjective. flat

lóna

adjective. dark

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

mána

adjective. blessed

namba

noun. hammer

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

nandaro

noun. harper

nande

noun. harp

narwe

noun. sign, token

nerno

?. [unglossed]

neuna

adjective. second, second, *following, next

ninya

pronoun. my, my; [ᴺQ.] mine

not-

verb. to reckon

nóte

noun. number

núra

adjective. deep

rampa

?. [unglossed]

saira

adjective. wise

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

séra

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tenna

noun. a letter

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

tilion

masculine name. Horned

tinge

noun. twang

toi

pronoun. they

top-

verb. to cover

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

tyel

noun. end

táre

adverb. *that day

tárinar

noun. *alternate name of Valanya

ye

preposition. at

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

a

preposition. [unglossed]

alama

noun. [unglossed]

almárea

adjective. blessed

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

fuine

noun. deep shadow

hana

noun. post

lamba

noun. hammer

lanna

noun. plain

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

niule

?. [unglossed]

rasko

noun. horn

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

té

noun. path

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

éma

?. [unglossed]

nyûna

adjective. second