An adjective meaning “drunk” (as in a drunk thing) from the ancient passive participle ✱yulna (PE17/68), where [[aq|[ln] became [ld]]].
Quenya
yulda
draught, something drunk, a drink, the amount drunk
yulda
adjective. drunk
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶-na > *yulna > yulda [julna] > [julda] ✧ PE17/068 Variations
- yulda ✧ PE17/068
yulda
noun. drink, draught, thing drunk; cup
A noun for “draught” appearing in the Namárië poem from The Lord of the Rings (LotR/377). In various commentaries on the poem Tolkien clarified that the meaning of the word was “something drunk, a drink, a draught” (PE17/63), “a thing drunk, draught” (PE17/135), or “a draught, the amount drunk” (PE17/68). In one place Tolkien said it could mean “a cup” as in “a cup of miruvore” (PE17/64), though most likely this refers to the contents of the cup rather than the cup itself.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use this word primarily in the sense of “a drink, a draught” = “the thing or amount drunk”, as opposed to [ᴹQ.] suhto for “a draught” = “a single act of drinking” (Ety/SUK).
Cognates
- ᴺS. yll “draught”
Derivations
Element in
- Q. yéni ve lintë yuldar avánier “the years have passed like swift draughts” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
- Q. yéni avánier ve lintë yuldar “years have passed away like swift draughts” ✧ RGEO/58
Elements
Word Gloss yul- “to drink” -da “product of an action” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √YUL > yulda [julda] ✧ PE17/063 Variations
- yulda ✧ PE17/051; PE17/063; PE17/063; PE17/064; PE17/068; PE17/135
-da
draught, the amount drunk
-da suffix used to derive nouns denoting the result of an action, like yulda "draught, the amount drunk" (the stem YUL is here given the meaning "drink"). (PE17:68) Cf. also carda "deed" (q.v.) vs. the verb car- "do".
suhto
draught
suhto noun "draught" (SUK)
-na
no longer part of verbal conjugation
-na (4), ending used to form passive participles as well as some adjectives and nouns; see -ina. According to PE17:68, the ending -na was "no longer part of verbal conjugation"; the derived words are thus considered independent adjectives (sometimes nouns) rather than regularly derived passive participles, the obvious etymological connection to certain verbal stems notwithstanding. Where adding the ending to a root would produce the combinations tn, pn, kn (cn), metathesis occurs to produce nt, (np >) mp, nc, as in nanca *"slain" for older ¤ndakna, or hampa "restrained, delayed, kept" vs. the root KHAP "retain, keep, detain". Following -l, the suffix -na turns into -da, as in yulda "draught, the amount drunk" for older yulna (this being an example of a noun being derived with this ending, though Tolkien might also explain yulda as containing a distinct ending -da [q.v.] denoting the result of a verbal action). The word *turúna "mastered" (q.v., only attested in elided form turún) would seem to be a passive participle formed from the verb turu- "master" (PE17:113), suggesting that in the case of U-stem verbs, their final -u is lengthened to ú when -na is added.
yulda noun "draught, something drunk, a drink, the amount drunk", pl. yuldar (Nam, PE17:63, 68, RGEO:66). See -da regarding etymology.