Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

yakse

noun. steel

Changes

  • yakseyaisa ✧ GL/37

Cognates

  • G. gais “steel” ✧ GL/37; GL/37

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶ı̯aisa ✧ GL/37; GL/37
    • ᴱ√YAYA “*steel, possession”

Element in

  • Eq. yaksina “of steel” ✧ QL/105

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶ı̯aisa > yaisa[jaisā] > [jaisa]✧ GL/37
ᴱ✶ı̯aksĕ > yakse[jaksē] > [jakse]✧ GL/37

Variations

  • yaisa ✧ GL/37; GL/37
  • yakse ✧ GL/37 (yakse)
  • Y̯akse ✧ QL/105
Early Quenya [GL/37; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yakse

noun. cow

akse

noun. steel

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/048; PE14/081; PE15/77] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yaksi

noun. cow

The noun ᴱQ. yaksi “cow” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√Ẏak “a head of cattle” (QL/105). The contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon also had ᴱQ. yaksi, but this form was deleted and ᴱQ. yakse was given as the cognate of G. gach “milch cow” (GL/36).

Conceptual Development: In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, the word for “cow” was ᴱQ. mui (PE16/132), likely related to G. mûs “cow” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s which had a deleted variant {mui} (GL/58). This probable relationship was suggested by Patrick Wynne and Christopher Gilson (PE16/132).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. yaxë from the Neo-Root ᴺ√GYAK; Helge Fauskanger used this word for “cow” in his NQNT (NQNT).

Changes

  • yaksiyakse ✧ GL/36

Cognates

  • G. gach “milch cow” ✧ GL/36; GL/36

Variations

  • yakse ✧ GL/36
Early Quenya [GL/36; QL/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yaisa

noun. steel

aksina

adjective. steel

Early Quenya [PE15/77] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mui

noun. cow

Cognates

Early Quenya [PE16/132] Group: Eldamo. Published by