A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “ice” derived from the root ᴹ√KHELEK of the same meaning (Ety/KHELEK).
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. helke “ice” also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√HELE (QL/39).
Qenya
he
pronoun. they
he
pronoun. him, her, it (yet another)
he tulir á
he tulir á
helkar
place name. Helkar
helalthi menne kare/helar menne karilthi
they did not mean to make them
helávate mate
they will not eat it
he·meruvar i túro kárathe
they will wish that T. is (then) making it
he·taltalyar
they are [slipping down]
herendil
masculine name. Fortune-friend
helke
noun. ice
heren
noun. fortune, (lit.) governance
A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fortune” derived from the root ᴹ√KHER “rule, govern, possess” (Ety/KHER). Tolkien indicated the literal meaning of this noun was “governance”, and its actual sense is “what is in store for one and what one has in store”. Thus I believe it is “fortune” in this sense of what is due to you, both by dint of your own efforts and was it owed to you by your position in society, as opposed to mere luck. In the first draft of this entry heren had the additional glosses “goods, wealth”, but these were deleted (EtyAC/KHER).
helle
noun. sky
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sky” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL of the same meaning (Ety/ƷEL).
helyanwe
noun. rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge, rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge, *sky-joining
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “[lit.] ‘sky-bridge’, rainbow”, a combination of ᴹQ. helle “sky” and ᴹQ. yanwe “bridge, joining” (Ety/ƷEL).
Conceptual Development: Early Qenya “rainbow” words from the 1910s were mostly tied to Qenya forms of the name {G. Cris a Teld Quing Ilon >>} G. Cris Ilbranteloth “Gully of the Rainbow Roof”: either ᴱQ. iluqin(ga) “✱(lit). sky bow” = ilu + qinga “bow” or ᴱQ. ilweran(ta) “(lit.) bridge of heaven” = ilwe + ranta “bridge” (QL/42). Only ᴱQ. {ukko >>} ukku “rainbow” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s was unrelated to this name, being derived from the early root ᴱ√UQU “wet” instead (QL/98).
The form helyanwe from The Etymologies (with cognate N. eilianw) was probably connected to the name of that same pass had in the early 1930s: Cirith Helvin “Rainbow Cleft” (SM/146, 193). In later writings, Tolkien changed the Sindarin name of the pass to S. Cirith Ninniach “Rainbow Cleft” (S/238; WJ/299), but gave no Quenya equivalent.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick with helyanwe as the best available word for “rainbow”. In later writings, yanwë no longer meant “bridge” (that became Q. yanta), but it still meant “joining” (VT49/45), and so this word could be used unmodified with a literal sense of “✱sky-joining”.
helda
adjective. naked, stripped bare
An adjective for “naked” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skelnā under the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). In the entry for ᴹ√SKAL “screen, hide”, helda was glossed “stripped bare” and contrasted with ᴹQ. halda “veiled, hidden” (Ety/SKAL¹). This comparison is probably because Tolkien originally had ᴹQ. halla “naked” from the root ᴹ√SKAL, but this entry and its derivatives were deleted (EtyAC/SKEL).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use the word helda “naked” in the sense of “✱without clothes”, as opposed to parnë for “naturally bare or bald”. I would also use helda in the sense “✱denuded”, in references to regions with plant growth removed.
Conceptual Development: There are a couple earlier “naked” words beginning with h- in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s: ᴱQ. hulin and ᴱQ. hulqa “naked” under the early root ᴱ√HULU “strip” (QL/41). Given the gloss “stripped bare” for helda in the 1930s, these 1910s words might be its precursors.
helkelimbe
noun. *icicle, (lit.) ice-drop
An unglossed noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LIB¹), a combination of ᴹQ. helke “ice” and a variant of ᴹQ. limba “drop”, perhaps meaning “✱icicle”.
Conceptual Development: A word for “icicle” with a similar etymology appeared in the Qenya Lexicon: ᴱQ. liqilitl, a combination of ᴱ√LIQI “clear” and ᴱQ. litl “drop” (QL/54). This supports the notion that 1930s helkelimbe “✱ice-drop” might also be used for an icicle. In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, however, “icicle” was ᴹQ. helen with stem-form helem- (PE21/34).
helma
noun. skin, fell, skin, fell, *hide
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “skin, fell” derived from the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). It replaced ᴹQ. halma which was derived from the original form of the root {ᴹ√SKAL >>} ᴹ√SKEL (EtyAC/SKEL). Here “fell” is used in its archaic English sense of “an animal’s skin including its hair”, hence “✱hide”.
Conceptual Development: A word ᴱQ. fara “fur, fell” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s from primitive ᴱ✶swada, with sw > f as it did in Early Qenya of the 1910s and 20s (PE12/19); in the phonetic developments of later Quenya, sw > hw (PE19/79). Earliest still Tolkien had ᴱQ. vóre “fur” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VŌRI of the same meaning (QL/102).
henulca
adjective. *evil-eyed
herenya
adjective. wealthy, rich, blessed, fortunate
A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fortunate, wealthy, blessed, rich”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. heren “fortune” under the root ᴹ√KHER “rule, govern, possess” (Ety/KHER). Tolkien indicated the literal meaning of the noun was “governance”, and its actual sense is “what is in store for one and what one has in store”. As such I think its adjective form has a meaning closer to “wealthy, rich = imbued with fortune (earned or expected)” rather than “fortunate = lucky”.
helka
adjective. ice-cold
helkarakse
place name. Grinding Ice
helle
noun. frost
hen
noun. eye
heri
noun. lady
heru
noun. lord, master
hesto
noun. captain
helwa
adjective. (pale) blue
helda
adjective. friendly, having love (for)
helde
noun. friend
heldo
noun. friend
helen
noun. icicle
helme
noun. friendship
helmo
noun. friend
helor
noun. frost
herunúmen
proper name. Lord-of-West
e·nakithe
he bites him (another)
ethen·anta he
*he gives to him (another) it (yet another)
ethen·antane
*he gave to him (another)
ethequente andake thé
he (A) told him (B) to kill himself (B)
e·karne ar the·kar...
*he did and he (other) did
e·kestane ataretta karithe
he asked his father to do it
e·venya ther ar la valya venyate·ko
he heals these others but not can heal him(self)
númeheruvi arda sakkante lenéme ilúvatáren
the Lords of the West broke the world by leave of Ilúvatar
|1| 2 |3|4|5| |manwe|herunūmen|{herunūmen >>} Nūmekundo|númeheruvi| |ilu|{ilu >> eru >>}|arda| |terhante|{terhante >>} askante|sakkante| | |...|{... >>}|lenéme| | |Ilúvatáren|
the
pronoun. him, her, it (other)
e
pronoun. he, she, it
elte
pronoun. he, *she, it (emphatic)
se
pronoun. he, she, it, they (other)
aiqe ni káraza (nila) san ette kára(za) yú
if I were doing this now (I am not), he would be doing it too
eantanet nyen
he gave it to me
ecarnetin ar mecarnensin
*he made them and they made the other them
efarále
[he] hunts you
ekaritu
*he makes the pair
ekarnentu
*he made the pair
ekarnetu ar mekarnenthu
*he made the pair and they made the other pair
enakis
he bites it
enakithin
he bites them [other]
enakitin
he bites them, he bites himself and others associated with him
enyen·antanet
he gave it to me
este
pronoun. he, she, it (emphatic other)
ette
pronoun. he, *she, it (emphatic)
e·elta
he speeds, sends
e·ista
he knows
e·kestane ma leqente tana
he asked if you (had) said that
e·lirute (lirus)
he sings it
e·merne ataretta tule
he wished his father to come
e·nakite
he bites him, he bites himself
e·nakiter
he bites himself and others associated
e·úle
he poured
ino
pronoun. he, the man referred to
már akárielya e·tuve
he finds a house that is already built
már akárielya e·utúvie
he has found a house that is already built
már karnelya e·túve
he found a house that had been (already) built
ëanta
he gives
ëorta
he raises
aryon
noun. heir
Two similar words appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s: ᴹQ. aryon “heir” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√GAR, and ᴹQ. haryon “(heir) prince” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√ƷAR, both roots having to do with possession (Ety/GAR; Ety/ƷAR). Drafts of these entries had aryo, aryon “son of property = heir” and aryon “heir, prince” (EtyAC/GAR; EtyAC/ƷAR). Based on the gloss “son of property”, I think it is likely the second element of these words is the root ᴹ√YO(N) “son”.
Neo-Quenya: It is possible Tolkien intended haryon and aryon to coexist, but since we have other “prince” words I would just use aryon “heir = one who inherits wealth” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
hahta
noun. heap, pile, (piled) mound
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “pile, mound” derived from the root ᴹ√KHAG “pile up” (Ety/KHAG). It also appeared in the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s with the gloss “heap, piled mound” (PE19/45). In that document it illustrated how combinations of voiced stops were unvoiced so that ᴹ✶khagdā > ✱khakta > hahta. This derivation reappeared in Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, but there the root was changed √KHAG >> √KHAB in revisions made in 1959 or later, and a new Quenya form Q. hamna was given (PE19/91-92).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d use the later form Q. hamna and give Q. hahta its later meaning “fence, hedge” (PE19/91).
huore
masculine name. heart-vigour, courage
ilúve ilu
proper name. Heaven, the universe, all that is
sie
pronoun. here
harna
noun. helmet
hi
pronoun. here, now (for both you and me)
hilde
noun. heir
hón
noun. heart (physical)
ilduma
noun. heaven
indo
noun. heart, mood
kas
noun. head
kassa
noun. helmet
kár
noun. head
lunga
adjective. heavy; fraught
lunguma
masculine name. Heavy Hand
sinome
adverb. here
sinome nimaruva, yo hildinyar tenn’ ambar-metta
Here will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world
sisse
pronoun. here
símen
adverb. here
harpa
noun. helmet
hon-maren
heart of the house
kas
noun. head
sinis(se)
adverb. here
sis
adverb. here
símane
adverb. here
hyapat
noun. shoe
A word for “shoe” in The Etymologies of the late 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skyapat- under the root ᴹ√SKYAP (Ety/SKYAP). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, the gloss was “shore” (LR/386), but Vinyar Tengwar Errata confirmed the actual gloss was “shoe” (VTE for issue 46).
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. hyapa “shoe” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SAYAPA (QL/82) and in the contemporaneous Qenya Phonology where it was derived from ᴱ√saẏap- (PE12/26). The word hyapa “shoe” reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/144) and again in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/8).
toron
noun. brother
A noun for “brother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√TOR of the same meaning, with a somewhat irregular plural torni (Ety/TOR). Its stem form is torn-, since with most inflected forms the Quenya syncope comes into play and the second o is lost.
Neo-Quenya: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word háno for “brother” (VT47/14). However, I think toron might be retained to mean a “metaphorical brother”, a close male associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as melotorni “love-brother, ✱close male friend” or ᴹQ. otorno “sworn brother”. In this sense, háno would be limited to biological relationships, but toron would refer to brotherly (or brother-like) affection.
halatir(no)
noun. kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as halatir(no) “fish-watcher, kingsfisher”, a combination of ᴹQ. hala “fish” and an agental form ᴹQ. tirno “watcher” of the root ᴹ√TIR “watch” (Ety/SKAL², TIR). Fish-watcher is the literal translation of the name, and kingfisher is the name of the terrestrial species.
hiswa
adjective. grey, grey [of weather], *foggy, overcast; [ᴱQ.] dim, fading
This word is glossed “grey” in The Etymologies, but perhaps means “✱foggy, overcast”, since Sindarin cognate hethw means “foggy, obscure, vague” and related noun hiswë means “fog”. @@@
kumbe
noun. mound, heap, mound, heap, [ᴱQ.] pile; load, burden
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “mound, heap” derived from the root ᴹ√KUB (Ety/KUB). It is a later iteration of ᴱQ. kúme or kumbe “a pile, heap, load, burden” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where it was a derivative of ᴱ√KUMU “heap up” (QL/49). Its Noldorin cognate N. cum appeared in the name N. Cûm-na-Dengin “Mound of Slain” in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/312, LR/147), but later this name became S. Haudh-en-Ndengin.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d avoid this word and use Q. hamna instead, the cognate of S. haudh. In later writings the root √KUB was given the new meaning “hide, secrete” (PE22/155).
nuaran númenen
proper name. Lord of the West
úr
noun. fire, heat
The word ᴹQ. úr “fire” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but this word was deleted when Tolkien revised the meaning of the root to “wide, large, great” (Ety/UR). However, the root √UR “heat” reappeared in later writings (PE22/160), and úr “fire” appeared in The Feanorian Alphabet of the 1930s as the name of tengwa #36 [.] (PE22/23). It reappeared again in the version of that document from the 1940s, but with the gloss “fire, heat” (PE22/51). In the 1st edition of The Lord of the Rings, the name of tengwa #36 was úr “heat” (RC/736), revised in the 2nd edition to Q. úrë “heat” (LotR/1123).
Conceptual Development: The earliest precursor of ᴹQ. úr “fire” was ᴱQ. uru “fire” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√URU (QL/98).
Neo-Quenya: Based on the development of the names for tengwa #36, it seems 1930s úr “fire” >> 1940s úr “fire, heat” >> 1950s úr “heat” >> 1960s úre “heat”. However, the introduction of Q. úrë “heat” might mean that úr could once again be used for “fire”, and this has long been a popular word in Neo-Quenya. I would retain úr for that purpose, as it also allows us to salvage several fire-related related adjectives. It is possible, though, that the root √UR was restricted to “heat” and can no longer be used for “fire”.
hillo
adverb. *hence (from us)
A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. hi “this by you” and the ablative suffix ᴹQ. -llo.
hisse
adverb. *here (by us)
A correlative combination appearing as hisse or his in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. hi “this by you” and the locative suffix ᴹQ. -sse.
menelya
noun. *Wednesday, Heavens-day
sen
pronoun. them
sí
adverb. now, here
te
pronoun. him, her, it
toi
pronoun. they
venya-
verb. to heal
angamanda
place name. Iron Prison, Hells of Iron
elta
pronoun. his, *her, its (emphatic possessive)
hondo
adjective. *hearted
hyando
noun. cleaver, hewer (sword)
ilúve
noun. universe, world; Heaven
kallo
noun. noble man, hero
karakse
noun. jagged hedge of spikes
lasta
noun. listening, hearing
lasta-
verb. to listen; to hear
ríma
noun. edge, hem, border
se
pronoun. they
ti
pronoun. they
-lta
suffix. *his, her, its
-sta
suffix. *his, her, its (other)
asea
noun. *healing herb
esta
pronoun. *his, hers, its (emphatic possessive other)
etta
pronoun. his, *her, its (emphatic possessive)
hinis(se)
adverb. *here (by us)
his
adverb. *here (by us)
hlasta-
verb. to hear
sillo
adverb. *hence
tí
pronoun. them
tak-
verb. to fasten, to fasten, [ᴱQ.] fix
A verb appearing as take “he fastens” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TAK “fix, make fast” (Ety/TAK).
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. tak- “to fasten” appeared in Early Qenya Phonology derived from ᴱ√tak- “stick (in), fix” (PE14/66), ᴱQ. tak- “fix” appeared in Qenya Verb Forms from the 1910s (PE14/28), and ᴱQ. tak- “fix, fasten” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√TAKA of the same meaning (QL/88). The root √TAK “fasten, fix” also appeared in Tolkien’s writings of the 1950s (PE18/100; PE19/83).
seler
noun. sister
A noun for “sister” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√THEL or THELES of the same meaning, with an irregular plural selli (Ety/THEL), where the stem form sell- is because the Quenya syncope caused the second e to be lost and then the ancient ls became ll.
Neo-Quenya: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word nésa for “sister” (VT47/14). However, I think seler might be retained to mean a “metaphorical” sister, a close female associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as meletheldi “love-sister, ✱close female friend” or ᴹQ. oselle “sworn sister”. In this sense, nésa would be limited to biological relationships, but seler would refer to sisterly (or sister-like) affection.
ambarenya
place name. Middle-earth
ampana-
verb. to build
A verb for “to build” in the Quenya Verbal System of 1948, attested only in its imperfect passive participle form {ampananta >>} ampanaina “while it was being built” (PE22/108). A longer and better attested verb of the same meaning is ᴹQ. ampanóta-.
elwe
masculine name. Elwe
endamar
place name. Middle-earth
harna
adjective. wounded
harwe
noun. wound
hiswe
noun. fog
A noun for “fog” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶khithme under the root ᴹ√KHITH “mist, fog” (Ety/KHIS; EtyAC/KHIS).
Neo-Quenya: The phonetic developments thm > þm̌ > þw > sw were consistent with Quenya phonology of the 1930s (PE19/44), but sometime around 1960, or shortly before, Tolkien revised these rules as discussed in the entry on the phonetic development of voiceless stops and aspirates before nasals (PE19/87 plus p. 88 note #88). I personally prefer the pre-1960 rules, and would retain this form for Neo-Quenya. If, however, you prefer the later rules, you should (a) stick to Q. hísë for both “mist” and “fog”, (b) revise this word to ᴺQ. ✱hitwe to fit later phonology, or (c) assume the primitive form was ✱khithwē rather than ᴹ✶khithme.
indon
conjunction. as
The correlative ᴹQ. indon “as” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i and the similative suffix ᴹQ. -ndon.
lára
noun. grave
A rejected noun for “grave” in a deleted entry in The Etymologies written around 1937 for the root ᴹ√DAG “dig” (EtyAC/DAG).
Conceptual Development: There was a word ᴱQ. kaune “grave” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√KAVA which also meant “dig” (QL/45; PME/45). In the first version of the ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya poem and its drafts written around 1930, Tolkien used ᴱQ. sapsa or sapta for “grave” (MC/221; PE16/75), a word that is clearly based on another root meaning “dig”: ᴱ√SAPA.
Neo-Quenya: Since √SAP appeared in Tolkien’s later writings with the same or similar meaning (PE19/86), I’d adapted ᴺQ. sapta for “grave”, along with the meaning “(delved) hole, pit”; see that entry for discussion.
noldórien
place name. Beleriand
Another name for Beleriand appearing in early Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/174), a compound of the plural of Noldo and the suffix -ien “land” (Ety/ÑGOLOD).
Conceptual Development: A similar, rejected name ᴱQ. Noldórinan appeared in the list of names that Tolkien considered before adopting Beleriand (LB/160).
olombo
noun. horse
A word for horse in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√LOP (EtyAC/LOP). This root did not appear in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne reported it in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/28). Tolkien first gave the root as ᴹ√LOB, and it seems the form olombo was derived from this earlier form, and was not updated after {ᴹ√LOB >>} ᴹ√LOP, as pointed out by Hostetter and Wynne.
Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. lópa “steed, horse” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√LOPO that was the basis for “horse” words in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/56).
Neo-Quenya: Given the dubious derivation of olombo, I recommend limiting yourself to better attested Q. rocco “horse” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. If you do use it, it should probably be revised to ✱olompo.
qalin
adjective. dead, dead, [ᴱQ.] dying
An adjective for “dead” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KWAL “die (in pain)” (Ety/KWAL).
Conceptual Development: The adjective ᴱQ. qalin meant “dead” all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s where it was derived from the early root ᴱ√QALA “die” (QL/76; PME/76). In the Qenya Lexicon it has an archaic variant ᴱQ. †qalna (QL/76). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, qalin appeared in the stative construction qalinya {“is dead” >>} “is dying” (PE16/140).
rista
noun. cut
A noun for “a cut” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√RIS “slash, rip” (Ety/RIS). It was also an element the name ᴹQ. Latimberista, Quenya equivalent of S. Imladris, in a page of rejected notes from 1948 (PE22/127). It might reappear in some later notes as well; see Q. rista- “to cut” for further discussion.
seldo
noun. child, child [m.], *boy
A word for a (male) child in The Etymologies of the 1930s added to its entry when the meaning of the root ᴹ√SEL-D was changed from “daughter” to “child” (Ety/SEL-D). It was written above its feminine equivalent ᴹQ. selde and an apparently neuter form ᴹQ. selda was written to the right, making seldo likely the masculine form as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (EtyAC/SEL-D), hence = “✱boy”.
suk-
verb. to drink, to drink [rapidly], *gulp, quaff
A verb appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as sukin “I drink” under the root ᴹ√SUK “drink” (Ety/SUK).
Conceptual Development: The verb was ᴱQ. soko- “drink” in the Qenya Lexicon and the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SOKO (QL/85; PME/85). In the somewhat later Qenya Verb Forms from the 1910s the verb was ᴱQ. soq- “drink” (PE14/28), but in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s the verb was again sok “drink” (PE16/141). The form ᴹQ. suk- in The Etymologies of the 1930s reflects a change in the root form √SOK > √SUK. The forms √SOK and √SUK “drain, drink” appeared as variants of each other in both version of the Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s (TQ1: PE18/45) and 1950s (TQ1: PE18/94), and √SOK “gulp, quaff, drink” appeared in notes from around 1960 (VT39/11).
Neo-Quenya: In the 1950s and 60s, the more common verb for “drink” was Q. yul-. I think the verb suc- might be retained for purposes of Neo-Quenya with the stronger senses “drink [rapidly], ✱gulp, quaff”, based on the root meaning circa 1960.
tópa
noun. roof
A noun for “roof” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√TOP “cover, roof” (Ety/TOP).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had a similar form ᴱQ. túpo “roof, cover, lid” under the early root ᴱ√TUPU (QL/95), with just the gloss “roof” in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/95). It also had a couple of other unrelated words: ᴱQ. tel (teld-) “roof” and ᴱQ. telin (telimb-) “roof, covering” both derived from the early root ᴱ√TELE (QL/90).
aman
noun. bond
A noun glossed “bond” in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, of unclear origin (PE21/33-34).
aran
noun. child
This word first appeared as ᴱQ. ar (arn-) “child” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/32) and its stem form arn- appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/32). The word reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/135), but in the Early Noldorin Dictionary the Qenya form was given as arne. In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, the word appeared as ᴹQ. aran (arn-) “child” (PE21/19), but there is no sign of it from this point forward, probably displaced by Q. aran “king”.
yé
noun. eye
The word ᴱQ. sé “eye, pupil” appeared in the Qenya Phonology of the 1910s derived from ᴱ✶þeχē (PE12/21), and ᴱQ. sē reappeared with the gloss “eye, eyeball” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√SEHE [ÞEHE] (QL/82). A similar word ᴹQ. yé “eye” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/40). Both were likely displaced by Q. hen “eye” < √KHEN.
anta-
verb. to give
kenya-
verb. to see
kesta-
verb. to ask
le
pronoun. you
makil
noun. sword
má
noun. hand
tana
that
tul-
verb. to come
yo
conjunction. and
héra
adjective. chief, principal, chief, principal, *main
@@@ gloss “main” suggested by Tamas Ferencz
-el
suffix. friend
-iel
suffix. daughter
-ien
suffix. daughter
-ser
suffix. friend
aika
adjective. sharp
ala-
verb. to grow
alwa
adjective. well-grown
anar
noun. Sun
anaristya
noun. [unglossed]
ehte
noun. spear
elen
noun. star
endor
place name. Middle-earth
engwa
?. [unglossed]
enya
adjective. middle, *central, middle
ette
adverb/adjective. outside
fírien
noun. Winter
halla
adjective. naked
halma
noun. skin, fell
hamma
noun. chair
handa
noun. chair
harya-
verb. to possess
hríve
noun. winter
hyarmaite
adjective. left-handed
hyarya
adjective. left (hand)
hyelle
noun. glass
hyelma
?. [unglossed]
hóre
noun. impulse
kaltua
?. [unglossed]
kanda
noun. [unglossed]
karpalimaite
noun. [unglossed]
ken-
verb. to see
kundu
noun. prince
káno
noun. chief
laqe[t]-
verb. [unglossed]
lau(w)e
?. [unglossed]
lauka
adjective. warm
lin-
verb. to sing
lóna
adjective. dark
lúne
adjective. blue, blue, [ᴱQ.] deep blue
mahtar
noun. warrior, warrior, [ᴱQ.] soldier
mai(y)a
noun. [unglossed]
mat-
verb. to eat
mitya
adjective. interior
málo
noun. friend
nahta-
verb. to slay
nandakka-
verb. [unglossed]
nauko
noun. dwarf
nilme
noun. friendship
nilmo
noun. friend
ninqe
adjective. white
ná-
verb. to be
nése
noun. youth
ohtakáro
noun. warrior
ohtatyaro
noun. warrior
orhal-
verb. to exalt
parma
noun. book
rampa
?. [unglossed]
ringe
noun. cold, cold, *chill
rip-
verb. to hurl
sermo
noun. friend
seron
noun. friend
si
pronoun. this
sisíria-
verb. [unglossed]
sondo
noun. friend
sára
adjective. bitter
séra
?. [unglossed]
sóla
?. [unglossed]
tane
pronoun. that
tatalta-
verb. [unglossed]
telpe
noun. silver
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
toróma
noun. [unglossed]
valariande
place name. Beleriand
varile
noun. protection
venno
noun. husband
vesse
noun. wife
vírie
noun. youth
ye-
verb. to be
yelde
noun. daughter
yelme
noun. [unglossed]
yen(de)
noun. daughter
él
noun. star
óma
noun. voice
úmea
adjective. evil
a
preposition. [unglossed]
alama
noun. [unglossed]
amaldume
noun. [unglossed]
assa
pronoun. [unglossed]
asse
pronoun. [unglossed]
asso
pronoun. [unglossed]
elena
noun. star
ellen
noun. star
ente
pronoun. [unglossed]
ento
pronoun. [unglossed]
ereáma
?. [unglossed]
es
[unglossed]
harda
noun. realm
harmen
noun. south
hont
adverb. inwards
in
pronoun. that
mahtya
?. [unglossed]
makal
noun. sword
maldo
noun. [unglossed]
mandu
noun. lord
nerno
?. [unglossed]
nesse
noun. youth
nissa
noun. lady
niule
?. [unglossed]
oio
noun. bird
olta-
verb. [unglossed]
pa
preposition. about
sahte
noun. [unglossed]
sarya
noun. [unglossed]
sin
adverb. now
tante
noun. [unglossed]
teuka
?. [unglossed]
timpana
noun. [unglossed]
toina
adjective. [unglossed]
tyelpe
noun. silver
tyue
noun. [unglossed]
va
preposition. away
varinye
noun. [unglossed]
veru
noun. husband
ye
conjunction. and
yu
conjunction. and
éma
?. [unglossed]
Son of Elendil in Tolkien’s unfinished “Lost Road” story from the 1930s (LR/49). The name also appeared in The Etymologies where it was glossed “Eadwine” (Old English for “Fortune-friend”) and given as a compound of heren “fortune” and -(n)dil “friend” (Ety/KHER, NIL). In later versions of the Fall of Númenor, this character’s name was switched for that of his father, so that he became Elendil as he was eventually named in The Lord of the Rings.