A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. hi “this by you” (PE23/105), also used substantively to mean “this fact (by us)” (PE23/104).
Qenya
hi
pronoun. here, now (for both you and me)
hildórien
place name. Hildórien
hilka
adjective. *this much, this great (by us)
hina
this [by us]; this fact (by us)
hine
pronoun. this by you and me (not him)
A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/102), a pronominal form of ᴹQ. hi “this by you”.
hinima
pronoun. *of this kind (by us)
A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/107), a combination of ᴹQ. hi “this by you” and ᴹQ. -ima “kind”.
hitwe
pronoun. *this one of two (by us)
A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/107), a combination of ᴹQ. hi “this by you” and ᴹQ. atwe “one of two”.
hinna
adverb. still; *hither (to us), *hither (to us); still
A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. hi “this by you” and the allative suffix ᴹQ. -nna. It was also used with the gloss “still” in the phrase ᴹQ. i·aldar hinna ólar “the tree is still growing” [sic.] from Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 (PE22/116), which Lokyt suggested might mean “(up) to now, hitherto” in a Discord conversation from 2021-12-03.
hilde
noun. heir
hiuta-
verb. to hint
hisse
adverb. *here (by us)
A correlative combination appearing as hisse or his in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. hi “this by you” and the locative suffix ᴹQ. -sse.
hillo
adverb. *hence (from us)
A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. hi “this by you” and the ablative suffix ᴹQ. -llo.
hiswa
adjective. grey, grey [of weather], *foggy, overcast; [ᴱQ.] dim, fading
This word is glossed “grey” in The Etymologies, but perhaps means “✱foggy, overcast”, since Sindarin cognate hethw means “foggy, obscure, vague” and related noun hiswë means “fog”. @@@
hiswe
noun. fog
A noun for “fog” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶khithme under the root ᴹ√KHITH “mist, fog” (Ety/KHIS; EtyAC/KHIS).
Neo-Quenya: The phonetic developments thm > þm̌ > þw > sw were consistent with Quenya phonology of the 1930s (PE19/44), but sometime around 1960, or shortly before, Tolkien revised these rules as discussed in the entry on the phonetic development of voiceless stops and aspirates before nasals (PE19/87 plus p. 88 note #88). I personally prefer the pre-1960 rules, and would retain this form for Neo-Quenya. If, however, you prefer the later rules, you should (a) stick to Q. hísë for both “mist” and “fog”, (b) revise this word to ᴺQ. ✱hitwe to fit later phonology, or (c) assume the primitive form was ✱khithwē rather than ᴹ✶khithme.
hilya-
verb. to follow
A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “to follow” under the root ᴹ√KHIL of the same basic meaning (Ety/KHIL).
hildi
collective name. Mortal Men, (lit.) Followers
himba
adjective. adhering, sticking
himya-
verb. to stick to, adhere, cleave to, abide by
hisilóme
place name. Twilit Mist, Land of Mist
him-
verb. to adhere
himíte
adjective. clinging, able to stick on
hir-
verb. to find
hinde
adverb. [now] is only found used of...
hinis(se)
adverb. *here (by us)
his
adverb. *here (by us)
antaro
noun. high mountain, peak, high mountain, peak, *(lit.) great height
A word appearing in The Feanorian Alphabet of the 1930s (PE22/22) and 1940s (PE22/52) with the glosses “high mountain, peak”. It appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a proper name Antaro for a mountain in Valinor, but this name did not appear in the narratives or the maps (EtyAC/N, TĀ). Based on the entries in The Etymologies, it is an intensive noun form of ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high”, so literally means “✱great height”.
lúmeqentale
noun. history
as this form is an abstraction, it likely means “History” as a general concept
qenta eldalien
proper name. History of the Elves
tarqendi
collective name. High-elves
tundo
noun. hill, mound, hill, mound [isolated]
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “hill, mound” derived from the root ᴹ√TUN (Ety/TUN). Tolkien’s continued use of Q. Túna for the name of a hill in Valinor implies the ongoing validity of its root, so perhaps this word remained valid as well.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would assume that tundo refers mainly to a single isolated hill standing out from its surroundings, as opposed to Q. ambo for hills in general, but that’s speculation on my part.
tarkil
proper name. High Man
ambo
noun. hill
eldanyáre
proper name. History of the Elves
elta
pronoun. his, *her, its (emphatic possessive)
he
pronoun. him, her, it (yet another)
lúmeqenta
noun. history, chronological account
lúmeqentalea
adjective. historical
muina
adjective. hidden, secret
qenta noldorinwa
proper name. History of the Gnomes
qenta silmarillion
proper name. History of the Silmarils
taniqetil
place name. High White Horn
tar-
affix. high; king or queen (in compounds)
tarmenel
place name. High Heaven
tarqesta
proper name. High Speech, High Language
te
pronoun. him, her, it
tella
adjective. hindmost, last
the
pronoun. him, her, it (other)
túna
place name. Hill City
etta
pronoun. his, *her, its (emphatic possessive)
etta matie masta
his eating bread
etta matie the ye úmahta
his eating it is a nuisance
qentasse
noun. history
aryon
noun. heir
Two similar words appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s: ᴹQ. aryon “heir” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√GAR, and ᴹQ. haryon “(heir) prince” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√ƷAR, both roots having to do with possession (Ety/GAR; Ety/ƷAR). Drafts of these entries had aryo, aryon “son of property = heir” and aryon “heir, prince” (EtyAC/GAR; EtyAC/ƷAR). Based on the gloss “son of property”, I think it is likely the second element of these words is the root ᴹ√YO(N) “son”.
Neo-Quenya: It is possible Tolkien intended haryon and aryon to coexist, but since we have other “prince” words I would just use aryon “heir = one who inherits wealth” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
halda
adjective. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady
An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady” derived from the primitive ᴹ✶skalnā based on the root ᴹ√SKAL “screen, hide (from light), overshadow” (Ety/SKAL¹). A similar form halda “hidden, veiled” appeared in the entry for a deleted root ᴹ√SKAL³ “cover, hide” (EtyAC/SKAL³), probably abandoned when Tolkien adjusted the meanings of the roots ᴹ√SKAL and ᴹ√SKEL; see those entries for details. This word might be consider an adjectival form of hala “cast shadow” from 1966-67 (PE17/154).
seldo
noun. child, child [m.], *boy
A word for a (male) child in The Etymologies of the 1930s added to its entry when the meaning of the root ᴹ√SEL-D was changed from “daughter” to “child” (Ety/SEL-D). It was written above its feminine equivalent ᴹQ. selde and an apparently neuter form ᴹQ. selda was written to the right, making seldo likely the masculine form as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (EtyAC/SEL-D), hence = “✱boy”.
tar-kulu
masculine name. *High Gold
taras
noun. mount, hill
A noun appearing in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, with its singular form taras glossed “mount” (PE22/126) and its plural form tarassi glossed “hills” (PE22/126). It appears to be an elaboration of ᴹQ. tára “high”, so perhaps more literally means “✱heights”. In later writings it seems Q. taras was used as a word for “tower” (PE17/22), though S. Taras did reappear as the name of a mountain in Sindarin (S/119).
ambon
noun. upward slope, hill-side
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “upward slope, hill-side” derived from the root ᴹ√AM “up” (Ety/AM²). As published in The Lost Road, this word had the form amban, but its actual form was ambon according to Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (EtyAC/AM²).
aran
noun. child
This word first appeared as ᴱQ. ar (arn-) “child” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/32) and its stem form arn- appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/32). The word reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/135), but in the Early Noldorin Dictionary the Qenya form was given as arne. In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, the word appeared as ᴹQ. aran (arn-) “child” (PE21/19), but there is no sign of it from this point forward, probably displaced by Q. aran “king”.
helma
noun. skin, fell, skin, fell, *hide
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “skin, fell” derived from the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). It replaced ᴹQ. halma which was derived from the original form of the root {ᴹ√SKAL >>} ᴹ√SKEL (EtyAC/SKEL). Here “fell” is used in its archaic English sense of “an animal’s skin including its hair”, hence “✱hide”.
Conceptual Development: A word ᴱQ. fara “fur, fell” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s from primitive ᴱ✶swada, with sw > f as it did in Early Qenya of the 1910s and 20s (PE12/19); in the phonetic developments of later Quenya, sw > hw (PE19/79). Earliest still Tolkien had ᴱQ. vóre “fur” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√VŌRI of the same meaning (QL/102).
sinna
adverb. *hither
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and the allative suffix ᴹQ. -nna.
vanta
noun. walk, walk, *hike, march
A noun for “a walk” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√BAT “tread” (Ety/BAT).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I assume ᴹ√BAT is for a “heavy walk” as opposed for √PAT for a “light walk” or “step”, so I would use vanta for an extended or serious walk, and thus including “✱hike” and “✱march”.
aiqa
adjective. steep, steep, [ᴱQ.] tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief
káno
noun. chief
lumenyáre
noun. *history
nulla
adjective. dark, dusky, obscure; hidden, secret
nyáre
noun. tale, saga, history
orne
noun. (high isolated) tree
qenta
noun. tale, story, account, history
qentale
noun. account, history
ringe
noun. cold, cold, *chill
si
pronoun. this
tára
adjective. lofty, high
-lta
suffix. *his, her, its
-sta
suffix. *his, her, its (other)
esta
pronoun. *his, hers, its (emphatic possessive other)
tumna
adjective. lowlying, deep, low, lowlying, low; deep, [ᴱQ.] profound; dark, hidden
hísilumbe
place name. Hísilumbe
Archaic form of ᴹQ. Hisilóme (Ety/LUM).
linya
noun. pool
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “pool” derived from the root ᴹ√LIN of the same meaning (Ety/LIN¹).
Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴹQ. linde “pool” appears in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/10), but this word is probably best avoided, as it clashes with Q. lindë “singing, song” (PE17/80).
hún
noun. earth, earth, *ground
A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.
kim-
verb. to find, to find; [ᴱQ.] to heed
In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave ᴱQ. kim- “heed” as related to G. gima- “hear” (GL/38), probably based on an (unattested) early root ✱ᴱ√GIMI since initial g became k in Early Qenya. In the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 Tolkien instead had ᴹQ. kim- “find” as a replacement for ᴹQ. tuv- (PE22/108 note #50, PE22/125), but this seems to have been transient since tuv- was restored in The Lord of the Rings.
Neo-Quenya: I would keep ᴺQ. cim- as “to heed” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since this is the closest to a verb for “obey” that we have in Quenya.
piuta-
verb. to spit
An apparent verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√PIW “spit” and so probably of the same meaning (Ety/PIW).
Conceptual Development: The earliest verb for “spit” was ᴱQ. retye- from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√RET͡YE (QL/79). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱQ. piste “spit” from primitive ᴱ✶pṣt- (PE14/58), a verb that also appeared in the contemporaneous Early Noldorin Dictionary as a cognate of ᴱN. hist- “spit” (PE13/163). The next “spit” verb was ᴹQ. piuta- in The Etymologies of the 1930s (see above), and in the 1948 Quenya Verbal System Tolkien had ᴹQ. pise from the root ᴹ√PITH “spit” (PE22/103).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer 1930s ᴹQ. piuta- “spit”, in part because it is better known that 1948 pith- but also because it has a Noldorin cognate N. puia- and is thus part of a more complete paradigm.
suk-
verb. to drink, to drink [rapidly], *gulp, quaff
A verb appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as sukin “I drink” under the root ᴹ√SUK “drink” (Ety/SUK).
Conceptual Development: The verb was ᴱQ. soko- “drink” in the Qenya Lexicon and the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SOKO (QL/85; PME/85). In the somewhat later Qenya Verb Forms from the 1910s the verb was ᴱQ. soq- “drink” (PE14/28), but in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s the verb was again sok “drink” (PE16/141). The form ᴹQ. suk- in The Etymologies of the 1930s reflects a change in the root form √SOK > √SUK. The forms √SOK and √SUK “drain, drink” appeared as variants of each other in both version of the Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s (TQ1: PE18/45) and 1950s (TQ1: PE18/94), and √SOK “gulp, quaff, drink” appeared in notes from around 1960 (VT39/11).
Neo-Quenya: In the 1950s and 60s, the more common verb for “drink” was Q. yul-. I think the verb suc- might be retained for purposes of Neo-Quenya with the stronger senses “drink [rapidly], ✱gulp, quaff”, based on the root meaning circa 1960.
tet(ta)
noun. baby
A word in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s glossed “baby” with short and long variants tet and tetta (PE21/19).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. tyetl “a tiny baby” under the early root ᴱ√TYETE “give suck” (QL/50), a word that also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “babe” (PME/50). This became ᴱQ. tetta “baby” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/135), and finally tet/tetta in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s as noted above. There are no signs of this word thereafter.
híse
noun. mist, fog
alda
noun. tree
ampende
noun. upward slope
atar
noun. father
e
pronoun. he, she, it
he
pronoun. they
heri
noun. lady
heru
noun. lord, master
hísime
noun. November, *Misty-one
ia
adverb. ever
ilumíre
proper name. Silmaril
le
pronoun. you
makil
noun. sword
noldomír(e)
proper name. Silmaril
se
pronoun. they
sie
pronoun. here
sinome
adverb. here
sisse
pronoun. here
símen
adverb. here
taura
adjective. mighty
ti
pronoun. they
toi
pronoun. they
tyel
noun. end
a
preposition. [unglossed]
alama
noun. [unglossed]
amaldume
noun. [unglossed]
aman
noun. bond
A noun glossed “bond” in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, of unclear origin (PE21/33-34).
anaristya
noun. [unglossed]
anta
noun. face
assa
pronoun. [unglossed]
asse
pronoun. [unglossed]
asso
pronoun. [unglossed]
engwa
?. [unglossed]
ente
pronoun. [unglossed]
ento
pronoun. [unglossed]
ereáma
?. [unglossed]
es
[unglossed]
este
feminine name. rest
halda
adjective. tall
halla
adjective. tall
halla
adjective. naked
halma
noun. skin, fell
helka
adjective. ice-cold
helle
noun. sky
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sky” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL of the same meaning (Ety/ƷEL).
helle
noun. frost
helor
noun. frost
hen
noun. eye
hesto
noun. captain
ho
preposition. from
hont
adverb. inwards
hyelma
?. [unglossed]
kaltua
?. [unglossed]
kambe
noun. hollow (of hand)
kanda
noun. [unglossed]
karpalimaite
noun. [unglossed]
kas
noun. head
kas
noun. head
kár
noun. head
laqe[t]-
verb. [unglossed]
lau(w)e
?. [unglossed]
linde
noun. pool
lóna
adjective. dark
mahtya
?. [unglossed]
mai(y)a
noun. [unglossed]
makal
noun. sword
maldo
noun. [unglossed]
mandu
noun. lord
má
noun. hand
nandakka-
verb. [unglossed]
nende
noun. pool
nerno
?. [unglossed]
nesse
noun. youth
nissa
noun. lady
niule
?. [unglossed]
nulda
adjective. secret
nése
noun. youth
oi
adverb. ever
olta-
verb. [unglossed]
pis-
verb. to spit
qendya
noun. Elvish
rampa
?. [unglossed]
sahte
noun. [unglossed]
sarya
noun. [unglossed]
silmaril
proper name. Silmaril
sin
adverb. now
sinis(se)
adverb. here
sis
adverb. here
sisíria-
verb. [unglossed]
sára
adjective. bitter
séra
?. [unglossed]
símane
adverb. here
síre
noun. river
sóla
?. [unglossed]
tante
noun. [unglossed]
tatalta-
verb. [unglossed]
teuka
?. [unglossed]
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
timpana
noun. [unglossed]
toina
adjective. [unglossed]
tol
noun. island
toróma
noun. [unglossed]
tunda
adjective. tall
tuv-
verb. to find
tyue
noun. [unglossed]
ulunde
noun. flood, flood, *downpour
varinye
noun. [unglossed]
vinda-
verb. to fade
vírie
noun. youth
yelme
noun. [unglossed]
yondo
noun. son
yé
noun. eye
The word ᴱQ. sé “eye, pupil” appeared in the Qenya Phonology of the 1910s derived from ᴱ✶þeχē (PE12/21), and ᴱQ. sē reappeared with the gloss “eye, eyeball” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√SEHE [ÞEHE] (QL/82). A similar word ᴹQ. yé “eye” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/40). Both were likely displaced by Q. hen “eye” < √KHEN.
éma
?. [unglossed]
óma
noun. voice
A correlative combination appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. hi “this by you” and ᴹQ. -lka “much”.