am-

prefix. up

am(ba)penda

adjective. uphill, uphill, *sloping up; [ᴱQ.] arduous, difficult, tiresome

An adjective meaning “uphill” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with variants ambapenda and shorter ampenda, a combination of amba “up(wards)” and penda “sloping” (Ety/AM²). More literally it means “✱sloping up”, versus plain penda which has an implication of “sloping down”. It also appeared in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s as ᴱQ. ambapenda, where its cognate ᴱN. amvenn had the glosses “uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome” (PE13/159). Perhaps ᴹQ. am(ba)penda could colloquially have these meanings as well.

amba

adverb. up(wards)

amil

noun. mother

-nye

suffix. I

aiqe ni káraza (nila) san ette kára(za) yú

if I were doing this now (I am not), he would be doing it too

ama

adverb. up

aman

noun. bond

A noun glossed “bond” in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, of unclear origin (PE21/33-34).

ambar

noun. fate

ambor

noun. breast, breast, *chest

The word ᴹQ. ambor “breast” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, derived from ᴹ✶amƀus (PE21/33). This word shows the Early Qenya sound change whereby [[eq|final [s] became [r]]]; in Tolkien’s later writings this change applied mainly to intervocalic [s]. This word also had the unusual development of u to o in final syllables, a sound change Tolkien used for Quenya in the Declension of Nouns but nowhere else.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave ᴱQ. ambar “breast” with stems ambar- or ambas- (QL/30); the word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, but only with the stem ambas- (PME/30). ᴱQ. ambos was glossed “breast” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/136), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. ambos (ambost-) appeared as a word related to both ᴱN. bost “back, from shoulder to shoulder” and ᴱN. amoth “shoulder” (PE13/137, 139, 159), the latter with primitive forms ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ (PE13/137) or ᴱ✶a-mbos-t (PE13/159).

ᴱQ. ambar reappeared in the phrase ᴱQ. níve qímari ringa ambar “the pale phantoms in her cold bosom” from the Oilima Markirya poem written around 1930. Early 1930s ᴹQ. ambor seems to be the last published iteration of this word, as discussed above.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. ambos (ambor-) “breast, chest” to fit better with later Quenya phonology. It might be an ancient combination of √AM “up” and ᴹ√OS “around”, perhaps with the original sense “upper enclosure (of the body)”.

amme

noun. mother

ampenda

adjective. uphill

an-

prefix. intensive prefix

anta-

verb. to give

fara-

verb. to hunt

ha inya karite

I am to (have to) make it

inya karie·te

I am to (have to) make it

kav-

verb. to be able

lai

adverb. very

lin-

verb. to sing

lá-

verb. to not be

mat-

verb. to eat

mende

noun. will

nahta-

verb. to slay

nie karienna

I am to make; I am for/towards making it

ni nahtanelya

I (am) having slain, I have slain

ni taltalya

I am slipping down

ni·akárate tyé

I am making it for you

ni·la nyára pa matie

I am not talking about eating

ni·tyen akára té

I am making thát for you

ni·tyen·akárat

I am máking it for you

ni·tyen·akárate

I am making it for you

nyáre

noun. tale, saga, history

ná-

verb. to be

nístaza

I know it, I am aware of it, quite so

parka ëan

I am thirsty

parka ëa nyé

I am thirsty

rómen

noun. east

róna

adjective. east

tul-

verb. to come

tyén ni·akára i kiryā

I am making the ship for yóu

tyén ni·akárate

I am making it for you

valya-

verb. can

ye-

verb. to be