A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and ᴹQ. -lka “much”.
Qenya
si
pronoun. this
silma
adjective. silver, shining white
silmaril
proper name. Silmaril
sirvinya
place name. New Sirion
silme
noun. moonlight, light of Silpion, †silver
silka
adjective. *this much, this great
sillini
so many
A correlative appearing as sillini or silli “so many” in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and ᴹQ. -lli(ni) “many”.
sin(an)
adverb. now, at present
A correlative appearing as sinan or (archaic) †sin in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/109), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and ᴹQ. -n(an) “time”. Sinan was translated as “at present” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of this same period (PE22/125).
sin(de)
adverb. so, so much, *of this degree
A correlative appearing as sin or sinde “so, so much” in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and ᴹQ. -n(de) “degree”, so more literally “✱of this degree”.
sindon
adverb. like this
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and the similative suffix ᴹQ. -ndon.
sinárea
pronoun. *this old, this long lasting
The correlative sinárea appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and an adjectival form of ᴹQ. are “day”.
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would update this to ᴺQ. sinaurëa “this old, this long lasting, (lit.) of that many days” using Q. aurë for “day”.
siro
adverb. *for this reason
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and ᴹQ. -ro “reason”.
sitwe
pronoun. *this of two
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/112), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and ᴹQ. atwe “one of two”.
sir-
verb. to flow
A verb for “flow” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√SIR of the same meaning (Ety/SIR). It may have appeared later in its present-tense form síra in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 as part of the sentence [ᴹQ.] númen Endorello isse sí Vaia síra “westward of Middle-earth where now Ocean flows” (PE22/126). However, it is possible that síra was intended to be present of the verb [ᴹQ.] sirya- “flow” from elsewhere in QVS; see that entry for discussion.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. siri- “flow” under the early root ᴱ√SIŘI [SIÐI] (QL/84). See also the later verb Q. sirya-.
sinna
adverb. *hither
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and the allative suffix ᴹQ. -nna.
sikil
noun. dagger, knife
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dagger, knife” and derived from the root ᴹ√SIK (Ety/SIK).
silmerosse
proper name. Glimmering Rain
sindo
masculine name. The Grey
siril
noun. rivulet
A noun for “rivulet” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√SIR “flow” (Ety/SIR).
sinta-
verb. to fade, *(lit.) become grey
A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fade” derived from the root ᴹ√THIN having to do with grey things (Ety/THIN), so perhaps more literally “✱become grey”.
Conceptual Development: In this same document the root ᴹ√WIN/WIN(I)D “pale blue, blue grey” had a similar verb {vinta- >>} vinda- “fade”, but this root and its derivatives were rejected (Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN).
sirea
adjective. flowing, liquid
A word for “flowing, liquid” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948, the general adjective form of [ᴹQ.] sirya- “flow” reduced from [sir]yea (PE22/111).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. sīrima “liquid, flowing” based on ᴱQ. siri- “flow” (QL/84), but in Tolkien’s later system of verbs sírima would likely be interpreted as “✱able to flow”.
sinya
adjective. new, new, *current
sí
adverb. now, here
sil(de)
adverb. so, in this way, like this
sillume
adverb. *at this time
sina
this; this fact (stated by me)
sinar(yas)
noun/adverb. today, nowadays, this morning, this very day
sine
pronoun. this (by me)
sinima
adjective. *of this kind
sinome
adverb. here
sisse
pronoun. here
silpion
proper name. White Tree of Valinor
siule
noun. incitement
sie
pronoun. here
sil-
verb. to shine
sinan elessar aran séra arkimbelesse
at present King Elessar is at Rivendell
sinde
adjective. grey, pale
sinome nimaruva, yo hildinyar tenn’ ambar-metta
Here will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world
sinta
adjective. short
sinye
noun. evening
sirya-
verb. to flow [smoothly]
sisilla-
verb. to glitter (white)
sisse alli neri
there are no men here
sisíria-
verb. [unglossed]
silia rana
shining Moon
sillo
adverb. *hence
sin
adverb. now
sinar orome i·tauresse faralye
today O. is hunting in the forest
sinis(se)
adverb. here
sinní
pronoun. I here
sis
adverb. here
elen sile lúmesse omentiemman
a star shines on the hour of our meeting
ilumíre
proper name. Silmaril
kaimasse
noun. lying in bed, sickness, sickness, (lit.) lying in bed
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s apparently referring to “sickness” from the original sense of “lying in bed”, an abstract or locative form of ᴹQ. kaima “bed” (Ety/KAY).
laiwa
adjective. sickly, sick, ill
An adjective appearing as ᴹQ. laiwa “sickly, sick, ill” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶slaiwā under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became voiceless hl, which was then voiced to l as was generally the case in The Etymologies.
Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, he usually retained hl- in spelling if not pronunciation; see the entry on how initial voiceless nasals and liquids were voiced for discussion. As such, most Neo-Quenya writers adapt this word as ᴺQ. hlaiwa.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the word ᴱQ. leuke (leuki-) “sick, ill; pallid, wan” under the similar but earlier root ᴱ√LEẆE (QL/53).
liruste
noun. singing, chant
A noun for “singing, chant” appearing in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 as a combination of the verb kelu- “flow” and the “general action suffix” -ste (PE22/110). It probably refers to a single act of singing, as opposed to singing as a common activity which would be the (gerund) liruye “singing” (PE22/117).
Neo-Quenya: In Common Eldarin: Verb Structure (EVS2), this suffix became -sta (PE22/137 and note #40), so I would adapt this noun as ᴺQ. lirusta “outflow” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
líve
noun. sickness
A noun appearing as ᴹQ. líve “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶slīwē under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became voiceless hl, which was then voiced to l as was generally the case in The Etymologies. The root had a deleted variant ᴹ√LIW “be sickly, ill”, where líve appeared with the gloss “disease” (EtyAC/LIW).
Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, he usually retained hl- in spelling if not pronunciation; see the entry on how initial voiceless nasals and liquids were voiced for discussion. As such, most Neo-Quenya writers adapt this word as ᴺQ. hlívë. Given the gloss “disease” for its deleted form, I would further assume hlívë specifically refers to sickness by disease.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the word ᴱQ. leume “sickness” under the similar but earlier root ᴱ√LEẆE (QL/53).
noldomír(e)
proper name. Silmaril
qáme
noun. sickness, sickness, [ᴱQ.] nausea
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sickness” under the root ᴹ√KWAM (Ety/KWAM). ᴱQ. qáme also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the glosses “sickness, nausea” under the early root ᴱ√QAMA (QL/76).
Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would assume this noun applies mainly to stomach illnesses and nausea, as opposed to general sickness which would be [ᴺQ.] hlívë.
seler
noun. sister
A noun for “sister” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√THEL or THELES of the same meaning, with an irregular plural selli (Ety/THEL), where the stem form sell- is because the Quenya syncope caused the second e to be lost and then the ancient ls became ll.
Neo-Quenya: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word nésa for “sister” (VT47/14). However, I think seler might be retained to mean a “metaphorical” sister, a close female associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as meletheldi “love-sister, ✱close female friend” or ᴹQ. oselle “sworn sister”. In this sense, nésa would be limited to biological relationships, but seler would refer to sisterly (or sister-like) affection.
engwa
adjective. sickly
enqe
cardinal. six
erya
adjective. single, sole, only
kirka
noun. sickle
lindo
noun. singer, singing bird
narwe
noun. sign, token
nyello
noun. singer
telpe
noun. silver
valakirka
proper name. Sickle of the Gods
tyelpe
noun. silver
hamu-
verb. to sit down, take a seat
The verb ᴹQ. hamu- “sit down, take a seat” appeared in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 as an example of an inceptive verb based on ᴹQ. ham- “sit” (PE22/114).
Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings the usual verb for “sit” was Q. har-, so I would update the 1948 verb hamu- to ᴺQ. haru- “to sit down, take a seat”.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. {sosta- >>} sorta- “sit down” under the early root {ᴱ√SOŘO >>} ᴱ√SORO [ÐORO] (QL/85-86).
kaila
adjective. lying in bed, bedridden; sickness, lying in bed, *abed, bedridden; sickness
A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as the equivalent of N. cael “lying in bed, bedridden, sickness” derived from the root ᴹ√KAY “lie down” (Ety/KAY; EtyAC/KAL). Helge Fauskanger suggested the glosses apply only to the Noldorin word, and that the Quenya word is likely to be simply an adjective (QQ/caila). I agree, and think kaila simply means something like “lying in bed, ✱abed”, whereas ᴹQ. kaimasse is the noun for “lying in bed, sickness” and ᴹQ. kaimassea is the adjective for “bedridden, sick”.
kaimassea
adjective. bedridden, sick, bedridden, sick, [ᴱQ.] confined to bed, a-bed
A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s apparently meaning “bedridden, sick”, an adjective form of ᴹQ. kaimasse “lying in bed, sickness” (Ety/KAY).
oselle
noun. [sworn] sister, associate [f.]
salpa-
verb. to lick up, sup, sip, to lick up, sup, sip, [ᴱQ.] take a sup of; to sample
A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “lick up, sup, sip” derived from the root ᴹ√SALAP “lick up” (Ety/SÁLAP).
Conceptual Development: This verb appeared as ᴱQ. salpa- “take a sup of, sample, sip” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ (QL/84). I’d retain the sense “sample” as an alternate meaning for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
suv-
verb. to sink (esp. in water)
A verb appearing on a rejected page of verbal roots in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, given only in its past form ᴹQ. sumbe based on the root ᴹ√SUB “sink, esp. in water” (PE22/127). Presumably its stem form would be ✱suv- “to sink”.
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. suq- “fall, fail, go down, die down” under the early root ᴱ√SUQU (QL/87). Related words had to with the setting sun and stars rather than sinking in water.
Neo-Quenya: I retain ᴺQ. suv- “to sink (especially in water)” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as similar verbs mostly have to do with descending objects like the setting sun rather than sinking in liquid.
tuo
noun. muscle, sinew; vigour, physical strength
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “muscle, sinew; vigour, physical strength” derived from primitive ᴹ✶tūgu under the root ᴹ√TUG (Ety/TUG). This root also had an adjective ᴹQ. tunga “taut, tight; resonant (of strings)”, clearly referring to the use of sinew in making stringed instruments. Thus I think tuo likely refers mainly to “muscle, sinew”, and only metaphorically to “vigour, physical strength”, as in: tana Elda same tuo “that Elf has muscle = has physical strength”.
onóne
noun. kinswoman; sister
A word glossed “sister” under the root ᴹ√NŌ (Ety/NŌ), but in the entry for ᴹ√THEL Tolkien said it was “usually used of blood-kin” and its cognate was ON. wanūre “kinswoman”, which seems like a better translation. It is simply the root ᴹ√NŌ “beget” with the prefix ᴹQ. o- “together” and a feminine suffix.
seru-
verb. to settle on, sit or lie down, come to rest on
The verb ᴹQ. seru- “settle on, sit or lie down, come to rest on” appeared in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of 1948 as an example of an inceptive verb (PE22/114). It was based on ᴹQ. ser- “rest, tarry, stay” (PE22/125).
sulpa-
verb. to lap up, drink greedily, to lap up, drink greedily; [ᴱQ.] to lick, sup, lick up, sup up; to sip, taste; to drink
A verb glossed “to lap up, drink greedily” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the late 1940s as an example of a talat-stem verb (PE22/114-115), perhaps derived from a variant ✱ᴹ√SULUP of the root ᴹ√SALAP “lick up” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/SÁLAP).
Conceptual Development: This verb appeared as ᴱQ. sulp- “lick, sup, lick up, sup up” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ (QL/84). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s it was glossed “drink” (PE14/58) and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it was glossed “sips, tastes” (PE13/149).
tinda
adjective. glinting (silver)
A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “glinting, silver”, probably intended to be “✱glinting (silver)”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. tinde “glint” (Ety/TIN).
-nye
suffix. I
ham-
verb. to sit (down), be situated in
har-
verb. to dwell, abide, reside; to sit
lin-
verb. to sing
lindale
noun. music
lir-
verb. to sing, chant
liru-
verb. to sing (gaily)
núta-
verb. to set, sink (of Sun or Moon)
taltelepsa
feminine name. *Silverfoot
taltyelemna
feminine name. *Silverfoot
tehta
noun. mark (in writing), sign, diacritic
unta-
verb. to come down, descend, to descend [below a surface], *sink, stoop
kantele
noun. music, music; [ᴱQ.] harping; repetition
unda-
verb. to sink
símen
adverb. *aiming at this
A correlative appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/108), a combination of ᴹQ. si “this” and ᴹQ. men- “aim”.
ilma
proper name. Starlight
This name first appeared in Silmarillion drafts from the early 1930s as ᴹQ. Silma >> Ilma >> Ilmen as a name for the “Place of Light”, home of the stars (SM/240-1). It reappeared in the mid-30s as a word for “Starlight” (LR/205), and also appeared in The Etymologies as a derivative of ᴹ√GIL, alongside (and perhaps an element of) Ilmen “region above air where stars are” (Ety/GIL).
tindingol
masculine name. *Grey-wise
hiswa
adjective. grey, grey [of weather], *foggy, overcast; [ᴱQ.] dim, fading
This word is glossed “grey” in The Etymologies, but perhaps means “✱foggy, overcast”, since Sindarin cognate hethw means “foggy, obscure, vague” and related noun hiswë means “fog”. @@@
indon
conjunction. as
The correlative ᴹQ. indon “as” appeared in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/111), a combination of the relative pronoun ᴹQ. i and the similative suffix ᴹQ. -ndon.
rauta
noun. metal
A noun for “metal” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√RAUTĀ of the same meaning (Ety/RAUTĀ). In that document, its Noldorin cognate was the basis for the second element of the names Finrod, Angrod and Damrod. In Tolkien’s later writings the second element of these names were based on S. raud “noble”. For purposes of Neo-Quenya I think it’s better to stick to Q. tinco “metal” from Appendix F of The Lord of the Rings.
tinde
noun. glint
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “a glint” derived from the root ᴹ√TIN “sparkle, emit slender (silver pale) beams” (Ety/TIN).
toron
noun. brother
A noun for “brother” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√TOR of the same meaning, with a somewhat irregular plural torni (Ety/TOR). Its stem form is torn-, since with most inflected forms the Quenya syncope comes into play and the second o is lost.
Neo-Quenya: In notes from the late 1960s, Tolkien introduced a new word háno for “brother” (VT47/14). However, I think toron might be retained to mean a “metaphorical brother”, a close male associate who may or may not be related by blood, as with such words as melotorni “love-brother, ✱close male friend” or ᴹQ. otorno “sworn brother”. In this sense, háno would be limited to biological relationships, but toron would refer to brotherly (or brother-like) affection.
vista
place name. Air
Name for the region of Air in Silmarillion notes from the 1930s (SM/236). It is simply vista “air as substance” used as a name.
kelut
noun. rivulet
A noun for “rivulet” in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s (PE21/33, 35), clearly a derivative of ᴹ√KEL(U) “flow”.
yé
noun. eye
The word ᴱQ. sé “eye, pupil” appeared in the Qenya Phonology of the 1910s derived from ᴱ✶þeχē (PE12/21), and ᴱQ. sē reappeared with the gloss “eye, eyeball” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√SEHE [ÞEHE] (QL/82). A similar word ᴹQ. yé “eye” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/40). Both were likely displaced by Q. hen “eye” < √KHEN.
he
pronoun. they
se
pronoun. he, she, it, they (other)
símen
adverb. here
sínen
adverb. *by this means
laurelin
proper name. Song of Gold
síre
noun. river
-iel
suffix. daughter
-ien
suffix. daughter
-llume
suffix. time, time, [ᴱQ.] times
-n(an)
suffix. time
-nta
suffix. *their
ala
noun. day
alqa
noun. swan
anaristya
noun. [unglossed]
anda
adjective. long
anta-
verb. to give
are
noun. day
atta
cardinal. two
elda
noun. Elf
elen
noun. star
engwa
?. [unglossed]
enna
adjective. first
eresse
noun. solitude, separation, isolation
esse
noun. name
esse
noun. place
esta
adjective. first
este
feminine name. rest
hen
noun. eye
hyelle
noun. glass
hyelma
?. [unglossed]
inga
adjective. first
intin
pronoun. they (emphatic)
@@@ Regarding -n see “the final -m/n that sometimes appears at the end of object pronouns in pl. and belongs to them, not to the subject.” (PE22/94) as suggested by Aleksandr Zapragajev: gilruin.gitlab.io
intyale
noun. imagination
ista-
verb. to know, learn
istare
noun. knowledge
istya
noun. knowledge
kaltua
?. [unglossed]
kanda
noun. [unglossed]
karpalimaite
noun. [unglossed]
ke
pronoun. you (familiar)
ken-
verb. to see
káno
noun. chief
laqe[t]-
verb. [unglossed]
lau(w)e
?. [unglossed]
lav-
verb. to lick
linde
noun. air, tune
luina
adjective. pale
lóna
adjective. dark
mai(y)a
noun. [unglossed]
malina
adjective. yellow
min
cardinal. one
minya
ordinal. first
nandakka-
verb. [unglossed]
nause
noun. imagination
nessa
adjective. young
ninde
adjective. slender
ninqe
adjective. white
nome
noun. place
nu
preposition. under
nóte
noun. number
nú
proper name. Moon
A name for the moon in linguistic notes from 1930s (PE21/38, 41), perhaps a derivative of the root ᴹ√NDŪ “go down”, though this root usually applied to the Sun. Its dual form Nunt referred to both the sun and moon (PE21/38).
qen
noun. Elf
qende
noun. Elf
rampa
?. [unglossed]
rilya
adjective. glittering
se
pronoun. they
séra
?. [unglossed]
sóla
?. [unglossed]
tanna
adverb. thither
tatalta-
verb. [unglossed]
ten
conjunction. for
tenna
noun. a letter
teren
adjective. slender, slender; [ᴱQ.] lissom, lithe
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
ti
pronoun. they
tingahondo
adjective. flint-hearted
tinko
noun. metal
tintina-
verb. to sparkle
tithilla-
verb. to twinkle
toi
pronoun. they
toróma
noun. [unglossed]
vinda-
verb. to fade
vinye
noun. evening
véne
noun. girl
ye
preposition. at
yelde
noun. daughter
yelme
noun. [unglossed]
yen(de)
noun. daughter
él
noun. star
úmea
adjective. evil
lihlikka- Reconstructed
verb. to sneak about
-ssa
suffix. *their
a
preposition. [unglossed]
aina
pronoun. other
alama
noun. [unglossed]
amaldume
noun. [unglossed]
ando
adverb. long
assa
pronoun. [unglossed]
asse
pronoun. [unglossed]
asso
pronoun. [unglossed]
elena
noun. star
ellen
noun. star
ente
pronoun. [unglossed]
ento
pronoun. [unglossed]
ereáma
?. [unglossed]
es
[unglossed]
ista
noun. knowledge
kenya-
verb. to see
mahtya
?. [unglossed]
maldo
noun. [unglossed]
mandu
noun. lord
mine
cardinal. one
nerno
?. [unglossed]
niule
?. [unglossed]
no
preposition. under
olta-
verb. [unglossed]
sahte
noun. [unglossed]
sarya
noun. [unglossed]
síma
pronoun. síma
símane
adverb. here
sí tina·mbar (i l’eqétie)
now this house (of yours) that you have mentioned
tante
noun. [unglossed]
terene
adjective. slender
teuka
?. [unglossed]
timpana
noun. [unglossed]
toina
adjective. [unglossed]
tsette
noun. fly
tyue
noun. [unglossed]
varinye
noun. [unglossed]
éma
?. [unglossed]
A rejected name for the river Anduin in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/119). It is a compound of síre “river” and vinya “new”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/2.11).