i

article. the

i

pronoun. that

inye

pronoun. I (emphatic)

illume e·kestanen/kestanelyanen, ni·tulle

when/if he (had) asked me, I came

inya karie·te

I am to (have to) make it

ilmandur

masculine name. Ilmandur

Older(?) brother of Isildur and Anárion in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this character was quickly rejected (TI/119). The name might be a compound of Ilma “Starlight” and the suffix -(n)dur “servant”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/2.14).

ilverin

masculine name. Ilverin

A minstrel of Doriath appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (RS/180).

Conceptual Development: This name seems to be a remnant of ᴱQ. Ilverin from the earliest Lost Tales. Tolkien considered several alternate names in the margin (RS/187 note #6) but ultimately abandoned this character.

ingweqenya

proper name. Ingweqenya

A term for the dialect of Qenya spoken in the house of Ingwe appearing in linguistic notes from the 1930s (LR/172, 193), it is simply a combination of the name of the Elf-lord prepended to the language.

ingwiel

masculine name. Ingwiel

Son of ᴹQ. Ingwe in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/156, LR/326). The name Ingwiel contains his father’s name as an element, though the function of the suffix -iel (often “daughter”) is unclear. See later Q. Ingwion for later developments.

ingil

masculine name. Ingil

See earlier ᴱQ. Ingil and later Q. Ingwion for discussion.

ingwelindar

collective name. Ingwelindar

A term for the house of Ingwe within the tribe of the Lindar appearing in linguistic notes from the 1930s (LR/171), it is simply a combination of the name of the Elf-lord with the name of his tribe.

inka

noun. idea

ilfirin

adjective. immortal

ilmare

feminine name. Ilmare

imbe

adverb. in(wards)

ingwi

collective name. Ingwi

intyale

noun. imagination

isildur

masculine name. Isildur

irilde

feminine name. Idhril

ilmarin

place name. Ilmarin

indis

feminine name. Bride

A name for Nessa (Ety/NĪ¹) meaning “Bride” (Ety/I², NDIS, NETH). See Q. Indis for the later use of this name for the wife of Finwë.

indyo

noun. grandchild, descendant, grandson, grandchild, descendant, grandson, *granddaughter

A noun for “grandchild, descendant” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGYO or ÑGYON of the same meaning (Ety/ÑGYO). The ndy in this word is because velars became dentals before ** in Ancient Quenya, so that ñgy > ndy. The word {indyo >>} inyo appeared with the gloss “grandson” in a deleted marginal noted by the entry for the root ᴹ√YO(N) “son” (EtyAC/YŌ), and indyo “grandson” appeared in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from both the 1930s (PE22/23) and 1940s (PE22/52). In these Feanorian Alphabet notes as well as in The Etymologies, the word indyo was the name of the tengwa 2Ô [ndy] (PE22/23, 52; EtyAC/ÑGYŌ).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. yondo was glossed “male descendant, usually (great) grandson” (QL/106), but in later writings yondo was used for “son”.

Neo-Quenya: It is possibly Tolkien intended indyo to be used only of male grandchildren, but since we have no word for “granddaughter”, I think it is best to assume it can be used for grandchildren (or indeed any descendant) of either gender for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

ilma

proper name. Starlight

This name first appeared in Silmarillion drafts from the early 1930s as ᴹQ. Silma >> Ilma >> Ilmen as a name for the “Place of Light”, home of the stars (SM/240-1). It reappeared in the mid-30s as a word for “Starlight” (LR/205), and also appeared in The Etymologies as a derivative of ᴹ√GIL, alongside (and perhaps an element of) Ilmen “region above air where stars are” (Ety/GIL).

ilmen-assa

place name. Chasm of Ilmen

In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the gap beside the world through which the Sun and Moon traveled when they were not visible in the sky (SM/237, 240), also appearing in The Etymologies as compound of Ilmen and assa “hole” (Ety/GAS).

ilumíre

proper name. Silmaril

Another name for a Silmaril appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/IL), apparently a compound of ilu “world” and míre “jewel”.

inimeite

adjective. *feminine

An unglossed word in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√INI “female” (Ety/INI), the equivalent of ᴹQ. hanuvoite and hence probably an adjective meaning “✱feminine”. This word is unusual in form, since [[q|[ei] generally became [ī]]] in Quenya, so the expected form is ✱inimíte.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s a word for “feminine, female” was ᴱQ. qimenoite, adjectival form of ᴱQ. qin (qim-) “woman, female” (QL/77). This word reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists along with variant qimíte, both given after ᴱQ. qinya “female” and thus probably adjectives of similar meaning (PE16/135).

istimor

collective name. The Wise

Another name for the Noldor appearing in name lists and The Etymologies from the 1930s (LR/403, Ety/IS). It seems to be a combination of istima “wise” and the plural of the agental suffix -mo. It was initially written as Ainimor.

ilúve ilu

proper name. Heaven, the universe, all that is

A Quenya term appearing in Númenórean stories from the 1940s referring to the entirety of existence, both the physical universe and Heaven (SD/401), apparently a combination of ilúve “universe” or “Heaven” and ilu “universe, world”.

imbeláris

place name. Rivendell

A Quenya name for Imladris(t) (Rivendell) given on a rejected page of linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/127), simply a Quenyarized form of the Noldorin name.

ilqa

noun. everything, all

ilu

noun. universe, world

ilúve

noun. universe, world; Heaven

inga

adjective. first

intya

noun. guess, supposition, idea, notion

isil

noun. Moon, (lit.) Sheen

ingole

noun. deep lore, magic

i·aldar hinna ólar

the tree is still growing

ilmen

place name. Place of Light

imbe

noun. dell, deep vale, ravine, glen

indis

noun. bride

ingwe

masculine name. Prince of Elves

istima

adjective. having knowledge, wise, learned

istyar

noun. scholar, learned man, lore-master, wizard

ilu vanya, fanya, eari, i-mar, ar ilqa ímen

the World is fair, the sky, the seas, the earth, and all that is in them

ilyain antalto annar lestanen ilúvatáren

to all they gave in measure the gifts of Ilúvatar

istalima

adjective. knowable, ascertainable

i kiryo sorasta

the ship’s (particular on[e]) equipment

i nero karie kirya

the man’s making of a ship

inya

pronoun. *mine

i sorasta i kiryava

the ship’s (particular on[e]) equipment

i sorasta kiryava

the equipment of a ship

i·nér né raiqa ar sí aphasta

the man was angry but now is in good humor (lit. it pleases him)

ilkorin

proper name. Not of Kôr

In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this was the name of the Elves who remained in Beleriand, so called because they never came to Kôr (SM/85, LR/171). It was a combination of the negative suffix il- with the name of the city Kôr (Ety/AR², LA).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, the term Ilkorin was used for the whole of Elven-kind who did not travel to Valinor (LT1/196), equivalent to the later terms ᴹQ. Lembi and Q. Avari, though in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien at first used the term Teleatka or Teleakta as the name of their language (QL/32, 39). By the time of the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this term referred only to the folk of Thingol in Beleriand (LR/171, 181). In Tolkien’s later writing, the Elves of Beleriand became the Sindarin.

inya

adjective. female

An adjective for “female” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√INI “female” (Ety/INI).

Conceptual Development: In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, Tolkien gave a similar form ᴱQ. qinya “female”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. qin “woman” (PE16/135).

intin

pronoun. they

@@@ Regarding -n see “the final -m/n that sometimes appears at the end of object pronouns in pl. and belongs to them, not to the subject.” (PE22/94) as suggested by Aleksandr Zapragajev: j-teuber.github.io

ingolonde

place name. Land of the Gnomes

intya-

verb. to guess, suppose

ilurambar

proper name. Walls of the World

ilya

adjective. all, the whole

ilúvatar

masculine name. All-father

indo

noun. heart, mood

ista-

verb. to know

istya

noun. knowledge

il-

prefix. no, not

ilduma

noun. heaven

ilu ilúvatar en káre eldain a fírimoin

the Father made the World for Elves and Mortals

ilya sí maller raikar

now all roads (are) bent

intin eldalin

they (are or were) (some) Elves

isilya

noun. *Monday, Moon-day

istare

noun. knowledge

illume

conjunction. when, whenever

in

pronoun. that

ista

noun. knowledge

atarinya tye-meláne

my father, I love thee

a yonya inye tye-méla

and I too, my son, I love thee

aiqe e·kestanen, en(ai) ni·túlie/karnet

if he had asked me, I should have come/made it

aiqe e·kestanen ela en ni túlie/karnet

if he had asked me (he did not), I should have come/made it

aiqe e·kestuvan, ni·tuluva

If he asked me/were to ask me, I should come

aiqe kestuvan ni·tuluva

If he asked me/were he to ask, I should come

aiqe ni káraza (nila) san ette kára(za) yú

if I were doing this now (I am not), he would be doing it too

auve e·kestanen, au ni·túlie

if he had asked me, I might have come

ha inya karite

I am to (have to) make it

lairesse nihare to tarassi, yu unta hrívesse landannar

in the summer I live in [i.e. on] the hills [as a rule], and come down to the plains in the winter

alfírima

adjective. immortal

An adjective for “immortal” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 appearing only in its plural form alphírimar, using the adjective plural formation of QVS (PE22/124). Its more typical Quenya adjective plural form would be alfírime. It also appeared in a noun plural form Alphírimor “Immortals”. It is a combination of ᴹQ. fírima “mortal” with the negative prefix ᴹQ. al-.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s the word for “immortal” was ᴹQ. ilfirin, a combination of ᴹQ. il- “not” and firin “dead (by natural cause)” (Ety/PHIR).

enyáre tar i tyel, íre anarinya qeluva

in that day beyond the end, when my Sun faileth

alfárima

adjective. impossible to pursue

alfírimo

noun. Immortal

alkárima

adjective. impossible to make

(a)·matis

it is eaten (one eats it)

ella nakie nye mólome

it is hard work for you to kill me

ha mólome le·nakin(ye)

it is hard work for you to kill me

liante

noun. spider, spider, [ᴱQ.] tendril, vine

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “spider” derived from the root ᴹ√SLIG with various other derivatives having to do with webs and fine threads (Ety/SLIG). Most notably it was the second element in the name ᴹQ. Ungoliante “Gloomweaver” (LR/230). In the paradigm of The Etymologies, ᴹQ. ungo was “cloud, dark shadow” (Ety/UÑG), not “spider”.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s, ᴱQ. liante was glossed “tendril” and was derived from the early root ᴱ√LI+ya “unite many in one” (QL/53, PME/53). In this period it was an element in the name ᴱQ. Ungweliante or Ungwe Lianti “the great spider who enmeshes” (LT1/152), where the intial element ᴱQ. ungwe meant “spider” (QL/98). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, ᴱQ. liante was translated “vine” (PE14/55), as opposed to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where ᴱQ. liantasse was “vine” (QL/53).

Neo-Quenya: Tolkien gave no other Quenya words for “spider” in his later writings, but S. ungol was glossed “spider” (Let/180; RC/490, 767) and √ungu- was described as the basis for “spider words” (PE22/160), making it very likely that ✱ungol was “spider” in his later conception of the name Q. Ungoliantë. However, I think [ᴹQ.] liante might be reconceived of as a (feminine?) agental form originally meaning “weaver” or “webspinner”. Furthermore, I think [ᴺQ.] ungol might have come to be associated only with monstrous spiders, the descendants of Ungoliantë, so that [ᴹQ.] liante came to be used of ordinary spiders.

kuina

adjective. alive

An adjective appearing as ᴹQ. kuina “alive” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” (Ety/KUY).

Conceptual Development: A similar adjective ᴱQ. koina “living, alive” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√KOẎO “have life” (QL/48).

Neo-Quenya: Tolkien vacillated between the two roots √KOY and √KUY for “life”; I prefer to use √KOY for purposes of Neo-Eldarin, so I’d use ᴺQ. coina for “alive”. For “living” I’d using the word Q. coirëa from the 1950s (PM/399).

uruite

adjective. fiery

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fiery”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. úr “fire” under the root ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but these words were deleted when the meaning of the root was revised to “wide, large, great” (Ety/UR).

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱQ. uruvoite “fiery, having fire” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√URU (QL/98).

Neo-Quenya: The word úr “fire” was restored in some later writings, and this adjective may have been restored with it, but I prefer ᴺQ. úruva for “fiery”; see that entry for discussion.

hiswa

adjective. grey, grey [of weather], *foggy, overcast; [ᴱQ.] dim, fading

This word is glossed “grey” in The Etymologies, but perhaps means “✱foggy, overcast”, since Sindarin cognate hethw means “foggy, obscure, vague” and related noun hiswë means “fog”. @@@

helkelimbe

noun. *icicle, (lit.) ice-drop

An unglossed noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LIB¹), a combination of ᴹQ. helke “ice” and a variant of ᴹQ. limba “drop”, perhaps meaning “✱icicle”.

Conceptual Development: A word for “icicle” with a similar etymology appeared in the Qenya Lexicon: ᴱQ. liqilitl, a combination of ᴱ√LIQI “clear” and ᴱQ. litl “drop” (QL/54). This supports the notion that 1930s helkelimbe “✱ice-drop” might also be used for an icicle. In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, however, “icicle” was ᴹQ. helen with stem-form helem- (PE21/34).

laiwa

adjective. sickly, sick, ill

An adjective appearing as ᴹQ. laiwa “sickly, sick, ill” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶slaiwā under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became voiceless hl, which was then voiced to l as was generally the case in The Etymologies.

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, he usually retained hl- in spelling if not pronunciation; see the entry on how initial voiceless nasals and liquids were voiced for discussion. As such, most Neo-Quenya writers adapt this word as ᴺQ. hlaiwa.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the word ᴱQ. leuke (leuki-) “sick, ill; pallid, wan” under the similar but earlier root ᴱ√LEẆE (QL/53).

írimor

collective name. Fair Ones

Another name for the Lindar appearing in name lists and The Etymologies from the 1930s (LR/403, Ety/ID). It seems to be a combination of írima “lovely” and the plural of the agental suffix -mo.

arin

noun. morning

@@@ may be reconceived as a derivative of AS.

arkimbele

place name. Rivendell

A Quenya name for Imladris(t) (Rivendell) appearing only in the locative form Arkimbelesse “at Rivendell” in linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/125). The etymology of the name is unclear, but it may be a combination of arka “narrow” and imbe “dell” as suggested to me by Lokyt in a Discord conversation from 2021-08-25.

hui

proper name. Night

A name for (Primordial?) Night appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√PHUY, along with its (archaic?) variant Fui (Ety/PHUY).

Conceptual Development: This name is most likely a remnant of the name ᴱQ. Fui from the earliest Lost Tales, where it was another name for the goddess ᴱQ. Nienna (LT1/66, LT1A/Fui). According to the Qenya and Gnomish Lexicons from the 1910s, this earlier version of the name is derived from the root ᴱ√ǶUẎU (GL/36, QL/38).

latimberista

place name. Rivendell

A Quenya name for Imladris(t) (Rivendell) given on a rejected paged of linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/127). The elements of this Quenya name are the same as its Noldorin cognate: Tolkien stated that is initial element is latimbe “glen” (√LAT + imbe), and its final element is clearly rista “cut”. On the same page, Tolkien stated that this name was not used in practice, and was replaced the Quenyarized form of the Noldorin name: Imbeláris.

kelulinde

noun. spring

A word for “spring” in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. kelu- “flow” and ᴹQ. linde “pool” (PE21/10). ᴱQ. kelusindi “river (near its source)” = ᴱQ. kelu- + sindi from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s is similar in structure (QL/46).

kilya

noun. cleft, pass between hills, gorge; chasm

-ie

suffix. perfect suffix

hilde

noun. heir

karie

noun. making

kirka

noun. sickle

írima

adjective. lovely, desirable

-ie

suffix. gerund suffix

-ina

suffix. adjective suffix; passive participle

-ite

suffix. (verbal) adjective ending

aiqa

adjective. steep, steep, [ᴱQ.] tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief

angaina

adjective. of iron

faire

noun. radiance

fírien

noun. Winter

kalina

adjective. light

kim-

verb. to find, to find; [ᴱQ.] to heed

íre ilqa yéva nótina, hostainiéva, yallume

when all is counted, and all numbered at last

írima ye númenor

lovely is Númenor

-i

suffix. plural suffix

ére nairea, ére lunga nairenen

existence (in this world) is sorrowful, is fraught with sorrow

hiswe

noun. fog

A noun for “fog” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶khithme under the root ᴹ√KHITH “mist, fog” (Ety/KHIS; EtyAC/KHIS).

Neo-Quenya: The phonetic developments thm > þm̌ > þw > sw were consistent with Quenya phonology of the 1930s (PE19/44), but sometime around 1960, or shortly before, Tolkien revised these rules as discussed in the entry on the phonetic development of voiceless stops and aspirates before nasals (PE19/87 plus p. 88 note #88). I personally prefer the pre-1960 rules, and would retain this form for Neo-Quenya. If, however, you prefer the later rules, you should (a) stick to Q. hísë for both “mist” and “fog”, (b) revise this word to ᴺQ. ✱hitwe to fit later phonology, or (c) assume the primitive form was ✱khithwē rather than ᴹ✶khithme.

aikale

noun. peak

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “a peak”, an abstract noun formation of ᴹQ. aika “sharp” (Ety/AYAK).

filet

noun. cobweb

A word in in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s glossed {“fern” >>} “cobweb” (PE21/33 and note #3). Its initial gloss was probably a later iteration of ᴱQ. filqe “fern” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/38), and in later writings filit (filik-) was a word for “small bird, sparrow” (Ety/PHILIK; PE21/56), so this was likely a transient form.

kaima

noun. bed, bed, [ᴱQ.] couch

A noun for “bed” in The Etymologies from around 1937 under the root ᴹ√KAY “lie down” (Ety/KAY).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. kaima was glossed “couch” under the early root ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” (QL/46) and ᴱQ. kamba was glossed “bed” under the early root ᴱ√KAMA “lie down” (QL/44). However, ᴱQ. kaima was “bed” in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s (PE15/70). The form kaimas appeared unglossed in The Feanorian Alphabet of the 1930s (PE22/19), possibly an inflected form of kaima “bed”.

laire

noun. summer

sinome

adverb. here

laire

noun. poem

min

cardinal. one

nis

noun. woman

-iel

suffix. daughter

-ien

suffix. daughter

-ien

suffix. -land

-ion

suffix. -son

aika

adjective. sharp

aina

adjective. holy

aire

noun. sea

airen

noun. sea

amil

noun. mother

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

heri

noun. lady

him-

verb. to adhere

hlik-

verb. to creep, to creep, *sneak

hyarmaite

adjective. left-handed

lai

adverb. very

laiqa

adjective. green

latimbe

noun. glen

luina

adjective. pale

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

nissa

noun. lady

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

niule

?. [unglossed]

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

íqa ette tule, (san) inye tule

when(ever) hé comes, Í come

helke

noun. ice

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “ice” derived from the root ᴹ√KHELEK of the same meaning (Ety/KHELEK).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. helke “ice” also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√HELE (QL/39).

a

pronoun. it, one, indefinite subject

an-

prefix. intensive prefix

enyáre

adverb. in that day

ha

pronoun. it, subjective abstract particle

á

particle. imperative particle

-dacil

2EaTj suffix. victor

>> Hyarmendacil, Romendacil, Umbardacil.

angamanda

place name. Iron Prison, Hells of Iron

anga

noun. iron

aule

noun. invention

handasse

noun. intelligence

handele

noun. intellect

helen

noun. icicle

helka

adjective. ice-cold

hóre

noun. impulse

ma

adverb. interrogative particle

un-/um-

prefix. intensive prefix with evil sense

é

interjection. indeed

ha mólome a·ndake poldórear

it is hard work to kill the strong

hont

adverb. inwards

humpe

adverb. in the middle

hórea

adjective. impulsive

landa

noun. plain

A noun for “a plain” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the 1940s derived from ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” with variants landa and lanna (PE22/126), the latter probably derived from ✱ladna with the voiced stop d becoming a nasal before nasal n. It might simply be the noun form of adjective ᴹQ. landa “wide” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LAD).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the form landa, which appears in an inflected form landannar “to the plains” early in QVS (PE22/125).

líve

noun. sickness

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. líve “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶slīwē under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became voiceless hl, which was then voiced to l as was generally the case in The Etymologies. The root had a deleted variant ᴹ√LIW “be sickly, ill”, where líve appeared with the gloss “disease” (EtyAC/LIW).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, he usually retained hl- in spelling if not pronunciation; see the entry on how initial voiceless nasals and liquids were voiced for discussion. As such, most Neo-Quenya writers adapt this word as ᴺQ. hlívë. Given the gloss “disease” for its deleted form, I would further assume hlívë specifically refers to sickness by disease.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the word ᴱQ. leume “sickness” under the similar but earlier root ᴱ√LEẆE (QL/53).

en

there, yonder, far away; look yon(der); that; in that (future) case

@@@ es might be an assimilated form as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/es)

ankale

proper name. Radiant-one, Sun, (lit.) The Very Bright

A name of the Sun appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/KAL;EtyAC/A, KAL) and linguistic notes from the 1940s (PE22/22, 52), apparently a compound of the intensifying prefix an- and some form of the root ᴹ√KAL “shine”.

aran

noun. child

This word first appeared as ᴱQ. ar (arn-) “child” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/32) and its stem form arn- appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/32). The word reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/135), but in the Early Noldorin Dictionary the Qenya form was given as arne. In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, the word appeared as ᴹQ. aran (arn-) “child” (PE21/19), but there is no sign of it from this point forward, probably displaced by Q. aran “king”.

ender

noun. bridegroom, bridegroom, *groom

A word for “bridegroom” in The Etymologies derived from the root ᴹ√NDER, a strengthened form of the root ᴹ√DER “man” (Ety/NDER).

Conceptual Development: There is an unglossed word ᴱQ. vestaner the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s that is a combination of ᴱQ. vesta “marriage” and ᴱQ. ner “man” (QL/101). This Early Qenya word may likewise mean “✱(bride)groom”, as there is a distinct word for “husband” under the same root: ᴱQ. veru.

ender

masculine name. Bridegroom

Another name for Tulkas appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶Endero (Ety/NDER, TULUK; EtyAC/E).

kalya-

verb. to illuminate

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “illuminate” derived from the root ᴹ√KAL “shine” (Ety/KAL).

Conceptual Development: A verb ᴱQ. kalu- or kallu- “to light up, illuminate” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√KALA “shine golden” (QL/44).

korolóra

proper name. ?Ilkorin

Apparently a (rejected) variant of Ilkorin in The Etymologies from the 1930s (EtyAC/LŌ, LOYO), a compound of Kôr and the suffix -lóra “without”. There were also several other rejected variants: Loikorin, Koroloisi, Koroloiti.

ampan-

verb. to build

anta-

verb. to give

aran

noun. king

e

pronoun. he, she, it

ea-

verb. to be; to exist, have being, be found extant in the real world

hríve

noun. winter

kúma

noun. void

íre

noun. desire, longing

ambo

noun. hill

apsa

noun. juice

arwa

possessing, having, in control of

aryon

noun. heir

auta-

verb. to invent, originate, devise

ehtele

noun. spring, issue of water

enge

adverb. ago, once (in past), †it was

engwa

adjective. sickly

enna

adjective. first

etta

pronoun. his

ette

adverb/adjective. outside

ettul-

verb. *to come forth, come out, issue

farne

noun. foliage

hamma

noun. chair

handa

adjective. understanding, intelligent

handa

noun. chair

hesto

noun. captain

kala

noun. light

kundu

noun. prince

káno

noun. chief

landa

adjective. wide, wide, [ᴱQ.] broad

lav-

verb. to lick

lepse

noun. finger

nóle

noun. wisdom

ravanda

noun. wilderness

vakse

noun. stain

lanna

noun. plain

let

noun. finger

ráva

noun. lion

ambor

noun. breast, breast, *chest

The word ᴹQ. ambor “breast” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, derived from ᴹ✶amƀus (PE21/33). This word shows the Early Qenya sound change whereby [[eq|final [s] became [r]]]; in Tolkien’s later writings this change applied mainly to intervocalic [s]. This word also had the unusual development of u to o in final syllables, a sound change Tolkien used for Quenya in the Declension of Nouns but nowhere else.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave ᴱQ. ambar “breast” with stems ambar- or ambas- (QL/30); the word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, but only with the stem ambas- (PME/30). ᴱQ. ambos was glossed “breast” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/136), and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. ambos (ambost-) appeared as a word related to both ᴱN. bost “back, from shoulder to shoulder” and ᴱN. amoth “shoulder” (PE13/137, 139, 159), the latter with primitive forms ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ (PE13/137) or ᴱ✶a-mbos-t (PE13/159).

ᴱQ. ambar reappeared in the phrase ᴱQ. níve qímari ringa ambar “the pale phantoms in her cold bosom” from the Oilima Markirya poem written around 1930. Early 1930s ᴹQ. ambor seems to be the last published iteration of this word, as discussed above.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. ambos (ambor-) “breast, chest” to fit better with later Quenya phonology. It might be an ancient combination of √AM “up” and ᴹ√OS “around”, perhaps with the original sense “upper enclosure (of the body)”.

erkasse

noun. holly

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. erkasse “holly” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√ERÉK “thorn” (Ety/ERÉK). In a rejected page from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s, Tolkien had ᴹQ. erke “holly” derived from the same root (PE22/127). For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the (non-rejected) 1930s ercassë “holly”.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, Tolkien had ᴱQ. piosenna “holly”, a combination of ᴱQ. pio “berry” and ᴱQ. senna “red-brown” (QL/83; PME/83).

hún

noun. earth, earth, *ground

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.

korko

noun. crow

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “crow” derived from the root ᴹ√KORKA of the same meaning, replacing rejected ᴹQ. karko derived from ᴹ√KARKA (Ety/KARKA).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. karon “crow” (QL/45), a word that was also mentioned in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/45). In the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60, Tolkien had Q. quáco “crow” derived from primitive ✶k(a)wāk (WJ/395), but in notes from the late 1960s Tolkien instead had Q. {koake >>} quácë “frog” < ✶kāwāk, with primitive ✶kā for “crow” (VT47/36).

Neo-Quenya: Since quácë “frog” is later than (and possibly replaces) Q. quáco “crow”, I prefer corco as “crow” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

lára

noun. grave

A rejected noun for “grave” in a deleted entry in The Etymologies written around 1937 for the root ᴹ√DAG “dig” (EtyAC/DAG).

Conceptual Development: There was a word ᴱQ. kaune “grave” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√KAVA which also meant “dig” (QL/45; PME/45). In the first version of the ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya poem and its drafts written around 1930, Tolkien used ᴱQ. sapsa or sapta for “grave” (MC/221; PE16/75), a word that is clearly based on another root meaning “dig”: ᴱ√SAPA.

Neo-Quenya: Since √SAP appeared in Tolkien’s later writings with the same or similar meaning (PE19/86), I’d adapted ᴺQ. sapta for “grave”, along with the meaning “(delved) hole, pit”; see that entry for discussion.

earendel

masculine name. Earendel

@@@ dual and plural forms representative of nouns in the same class

falle

noun. foam

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “foam” derived from the root ᴹ√PHAL of the same meaning (Ety/PHAL).

harna-

verb. to wound

A verb for “to wound” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” (Ety/SKAR).

harwe

noun. wound

A noun for “wound” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skarwē under the root ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” (Ety/SKAR).

helle

noun. sky

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sky” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL of the same meaning (Ety/ƷEL).

huo

noun. dog

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dog” derived from the root ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). It is probably one of the better known words for “dog” in Quenya, and was widely used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

kelma

noun. channel

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “channel” derived from the root ᴹ√KEL “go, run (especially of water)” (Ety/KEL).

kentano

noun. potter

@@@ if used in Neo-Quenya, it would need to be updated to centamo

kukua

noun. dove

A word for “dove” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from ᴹ✶kukūwā based on a reduplicated form of the root ᴹ√KŪ (Ety/KŪ). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, Christopher Tolkien gave this as a pair of words ku, kua, but in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne clarified that it was a single word kukua replacing a deleted form {<< kua} (EtyAC/KŪ).

kulo

noun. flame

A word for “flame” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√KUL “golden-red”, but this word was deleted (EtyAC/KUL).

lanya-

verb. to weave

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “weave” under the root ᴹ√LAN of the same meaning (Ety/LAN).

lapse

noun. babe

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “babe” derived from the root ᴹ√LAP (Ety/LAP). The root was unglossed in The Etymologies, but in notes both before and after the 1930s this root had glosses like “enfold” and “fold”, so perhaps lapse meant something like “✱swaddled one”; hat-tip to Lokyt for this suggestion.

latta

noun. strap

A noun for “strap” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√LATH (Ety/LATH).

Conceptual Development: A possible precursor is ᴱQ. līmen “thong, band” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LIMI (QL/54).

yána

noun. holy place, fane, sanctuary

@@@ used as “shrine, sanctuary” in NQNT

elda

noun. Elf

ala-

verb. to grow

alda

noun. tree

atar

noun. father

elen

noun. star

esta-

verb. to name

fara-

verb. to hunt

ken-

verb. to see

lanta-

verb. to fall

lauta-

verb. to abound

le

pronoun. you

lá

adverb. no, not

lá-

verb. to not be

ye-

verb. to be

íqallume

adverb. when, whenever

atalante

proper name. Downfall(en)

este

feminine name. rest

a

preposition. [unglossed]

ala

noun. day

amme

noun. mother

an(a)

preposition. to, towards

ana-

prefix. to, towards

anda

adjective. long

angulóke

noun. dragon

are

noun. day

arka

adjective. narrow

arta

noun. fort, fortress

atan

noun. Man

ehte

noun. spear

engwa

?. [unglossed]

er

adverb/adjective. one, alone

eressea

adjective. lonely

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

erke

noun. holly

esse

noun. name

esse

noun. place

felya

noun. cave

harna

noun. helmet

harya-

verb. to possess

helle

noun. frost

helor

noun. frost

hen

noun. eye

heru

noun. lord, master

hosta-

verb. to collect

hyar-

verb. to cleave, to cleave; [ᴱQ.] to plough

hyelle

noun. glass

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

hó

noun. shout

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

kanta

cardinal. four

kar

noun. deed

karka

noun. tooth

kas

noun. head

kassa

noun. helmet

kata

preposition. after

kemnaro

noun. potter

kenya-

verb. to see

kotumo

noun. enemy

kurwe

noun. craft

káne

noun. valour

kár

noun. head

kú

noun. bow, bow; [ᴱQ.] crescent moon

lamba

noun. tongue

lamma

noun. sound

lanta

noun. fall

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

lasse

noun. leaf

laure

noun. gold

lungu

noun. dragon

lár

noun. ear

lára

adjective. flat

lóke

noun. dragon

marta

adverb. home

nandaro

noun. harper

nande

noun. harp

nauro

noun. werewolf

nerno

?. [unglossed]

qen

noun. Elf

soron

noun. eagle

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

él

noun. star

alama

noun. [unglossed]

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

aman

noun. bond

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

elena

noun. star

ellen

noun. star

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

harpa

noun. helmet

kalumet

noun. lamp

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

na

preposition. to, towards

olar

noun. dream

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

símane

adverb. here

tante

noun. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

tormen

noun. north

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

untamo

noun. enemy

éma

?. [unglossed]