(VT44:23), with article vin
Sindarin
vi
preposition. in
vi
preposition. in
v’im
in me
revia-
verb. to fly, sail
revia-
verb. to wander
vi
in
vi
in
tharan
adjective. vigorous
thranduil
masculine name. Vigorous Spring
Father of Legolas (LotR/240) translated “vigorous spring”, a combination of tharan “vigorous” and the lenited form of tuil “spring” (PE17/27, 187).
Conceptual Development: In the drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices, Tolkien indicated that this name was Lemberin (PM/36), so it is possible he considered making this name Nandorin like that of his son Legolas, but elsewhere he and his name were clearly marked as Sindarin (UT/256, PE17/27).
Thranduil
vigorous spring
_prop.n. _vigorous spring. >> tharan, tharanduil
Túrin
noun. victorious heart
tûr (“mastery,victory”) + ind (“inner thought, heart, mind”)
tharan
adjective. vigorous
adj. vigorous. >> tharanduil, thranduil
tharanduil
vigorous spring
gobel
noun. village, town (enclosure), (walled) village, town (enclosure); [N.] walled house, *manor
nîdh
noun. vigorous purpose, exertion of will
golovir
noldo-jewel
(i Ngolovir = i Ñolovir, o N’golovir = o Ñgolovir), no distinct pl. form except with article (in Golovir = i Ñgolovir). Adj.
gweneth
noun. maidenhood, maidenhood, [N.] virginity
A noun meaning “maidenhood” (PE17/191) or “virginity” (Ety/WEN), an abstract noun formation from gwend “maiden”.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the word for “maidenhood” was {gwendithli >>} G. gwenithli, an elaboration of {gwendi >>} G. gwethli “maiden, little girl” (GL/45).
turgon
masculine name. Ruling Lord, Victory Prince, (lit.) Master Shout
Second son of Fingolfin and the lord of Gondolin (S/60). His name seems to be a combination of tûr “mastery, victory” (SA/tur) and the suffix -gon (PM/345). His name was variously translated “Master Shout” (PM/345), “Ruling Lord” or “Victory Prince” (PE17/113).
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, his name was already G. Turgon (LT1/115), and it remained so throughout Tolkien’s writings. At the earliest stage it seems to have been derived from the root ᴱ√TURU “be strong”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Tuor). In Early Noldorin word lists from the 1920s, the name was glossed “fierce k[ing]”, but this entry was replaced with an unglossed form marked “ON”. In The Etymologies from the 1930s, Tolkien specified that the final element of N. Turgon was -gon, the suffixal form of caun “valour” (Ety/KAN).
In later writings, Tolkien considered several origins for this name, based on a variety of Quenya equivalents. In Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, he considered and rejected Q. Turondo “Lord of Stone” (PE17/112), briefly considered Q. Turucáno “Ruling Lord” (PE17/117) and also Q. Turukondo “Victory Prince” (PE17/113).
In his “Shibboleth of Fëanor” from 1968, Tolkien said his Quenya name was Turucáno (PM/345), untranslated but likely meaning something like “Victory Commander”. Tolkien said that his Sindarin name Turgon was a phonetic adaptation with no real meaning, but that it could be interpreted as “Master Shout” (PM/345). This seems to have been Tolkien’s last word on the subject, but it is possible that the final element could also be interpreted as a suffixal form -gon of caun “prince”; see those entries for discussion.
gwîn
noun. wine, vine
The wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and a place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin, there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself
laeg
adjective. "viridis", fresh and green
Seldom used (replaced by calen )
fân
noun. veil
calen
adjective. green; fresh, vigorous; †bright, green; †bright, [N.] bright-coloured; [S.] fresh, vigorous
laeg
adjective. fresh and green, viridis, green (of leaves/herbiage), green, viridis, green (of leaves/herbiage), fresh
tûr
noun. master, [N.] mastery, victory, [ᴱN.] power [over others]; [S.] master
adan
noun. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men)
balan
noun. Vala, divine power, divinity
gwinig
noun. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children)
ned
preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)
[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]
rodwen
noun. high virgin noble
tirith
noun. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance
gobel
village
(walled village or house) gobel (i **obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil** = i ñebil). Archaic pl. *göbil.
Thranduil
Vigorous spring
cungan(d)
noun. viol(in), (lit.) bow-harp
degil
noun. victor, winner
ascar
violent
1) ascar (rushing, impetuous), pl. escair. Also spelt asgar (pl. esgair). 2) bregol (sudden, fierce), lenited vregol, pl. bregoel. Archaic *bregaul.
breged
violence
breged (i vreged) (suddenness), pl. bregid (i mregid) if there is a pl. Note: the word is also used as adv. "suddenly".
gorn
vigorous
gorn (hasty, impetuous); lenited orn; pl. gyrn. Note: a homophone means ”valour”. or
gweneth
virginity
gweneth (i **weneth), pl. gwenith (in gwenith**) if there is a pl.
gôr
vigour
1) gôr (i **ôr, construct gor), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr** = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”horror, fear, dread” but has different mutations.
hîw
viscous
hîw (sticky), lenited chîw; no distinct pl. form.
tirith
vigilance
(noun) tirith (i dirith, o thirith) (guard, guarding, watch, watching), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thirith)
tîr
view
(noun) tîr (i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (looking, glance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. ?tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)
tûr
victor, victory
tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (mastery, power, control; master, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath
ascar
violent
(rushing, impetuous), pl. escair. Also spelt asgar (pl. esgair).
breged
violence
(i vreged) (suddenness), pl. bregid (i mregid) if there is a pl. Note: the word is also used as adv. "suddenly".
bregol
violent
(sudden, fierce), lenited vregol, pl. bregoel. Archaic ✱bregaul.
cuinas
noun. vitality, liveliness
gobel
village
(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.
gorn
vigorous
(hasty, impetuous); lenited ’orn; pl. gyrn. Note: a homophone means ”valour”.
gweneth
virginity
(i ’weneth), pl. gwenith (in gwenith) if there is a pl.
gôr
vigour
(i ’ôr, construct gor), pl. gŷr (i ngŷr = i ñŷr). Note: a homophone means ”horror, fear, dread” but has different mutations.
hîw
viscous
(sticky), lenited chîw; no distinct pl. form.
mirwelthen
noun. vintage, *(lit.) wine pressing
tirith
vigilance
(i dirith, o thirith) (guard, guarding, watch, watching), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thirith)
tírad
noun. vision, seeing
tîr
view
(i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (looking, glance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. ?tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)
tûr
victor, victory
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (mastery, power, control; master, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath
bâl
divine power
construct bal, pl. bail (divinity). Note: the word can also be used as an adj. "divine".
heria
begin suddenly and vigorously
(i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, set vigorously out to do) (VT45:22).
escal
veil
(noun) 1) escal (screen, cover that hides), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail). 2) fân (cloud, manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain
gwathra
veil
(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (dim, obscure, overshadow)
gwingloth
proper name. Foam-flower
Sindarin name of Q. Vingilótë (PM/370), a combination of gwing “foam” and loth “flower” (Ety/LOT(H), WIG).
Conceptual Development: In Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the elements of this name were inverted as Lothwing(a) “Foam Flower” (GL/46, 55) and also appeared as Gwingalos (GL/46). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, it became N. Gwingloth, and this is the source of the derivation given above (Ety/LOT(H), WIG; EtyAC/LOT(H)).
agar
noun. blood
A noun for “blood” appearing as an element in the name Agarwaen (S/210). It’s later etymology is unclear.
Conceptual Development: An earlier iteration of the name was N. {Iarvael >>} N. Iarwath “Blood-stained” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the element was N. iâr “blood” from the root ᴹ√YAR of the same meaning (Ety/YAR). Tolkien considered changing the root to ᴹ√YOR and the Noldorin form to iûr (EtyAC/YAR). This seems to be transient idea, since the name Iarwaeth “Bloodstained” appeared in the Grey Annals from the early 1950s (WJ/83) before ultimately being replaced by Agarwaen (WJ/142).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d stick to the better-described sereg for “blood”.
angolodh
masculine name. The Noldo
A hypothetical Sindarization of the name Q. Ingoldo “The Noldo”, mother-name of Finarfin (PM/360). The second element is clearly S. Golodh “Noldo”. The first element probably has no particular meaning, but rather is an example of how primitive [[os|initial syllabic [ŋg] became [aŋg]]] in Sindarin (PE17/124), while it became [iŋg] in Quenya (PE19/77).
bardh
noun. home
A word for “home” appearing in draft notes from the 1960s discussing the root √MBAR, where it was contrasted with bâr “house, dwelling”:
> In Sindarin bar [< ✱mbăr-] (pl. bair) was used for a single house or dwelling, especially of the larger and more permanent sort; barð [< ✱mbardā̆] was much as English “home”, the (proper) place for one (or a community) to dwell in (PE17/164).
It was also contrasted with milbar “dear home” which was used for the “emotional senses ‘home’ as the place of one’s birth, or desire, or one’s home returned to after journey or exile” (PE17/164). In later versions of these notes on √MBAR, Tolkien mentioned bâr and milbar but not bardh (PE17/109).
Neo-Sindarin: Given its absence from the final version of the √MBAR notes, it is possible Tolkien abandoned bardh “home”. However, I prefer to retain it for purposes of Neo-Sindarin for the ordinary sense of “home”, and reserve milbar for one’s “emotional home” or “✱true home” from which one is currently separated, as opposed to the home that you are living now = bardh. I would use bâr primarily in the sense “house, dwelling”.
belaith
adjective. mighty
An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā with the ekt vocalizing to eith and then the ei becoming ai in the final syllable.
brith
noun. gravel
A noun for “gravel” seen in several late names like S. Brithiach and S. Brithon (UT/54).
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s N. brith was glossed “gravel” and derived from primitive ᴹ✶b’rittē, though in this document it was a loan word from Ilkorin (Ety/BIRÍT). After Tolkien abandoned Ilkorin, it must have become a native Sindarin word.
dîr
noun. man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix
A word for “man” as a male person, attested only as an element in compounds or as (archaic?) ndir (PE17/60). This word likely refers to male individuals of all races including Elves, Men, Dwarves and so forth, much like its Quenya cognate Q. nér. This word must have been derived from the primitive subjective form ✶ndēr of the root √N(D)ER “male person”, where the ancient long ē became ī, and the initial cluster nd- became d-, though the ancient cluster would still be reflected in mutated forms, such as in i nîr “the man” rather than ✱✱i dhîr.
Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor to this word is (archaic) G. †drio “hero, warrior” with variants driw, driodweg and driothweg, a cognate of ᴱQ. nēr (GL/22). This Gnomish word was derived from primitive ᴱ✶n’reu̯, where the initial nr- became dr-. At this early stage, the root was unstrengthened ᴱ√NERE (QL/65), as reflected in (archaic) ᴱN. nîr “hero, prince, warrior-elf” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/164).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root became ᴹ√DER “adult male, man” of any speaking race and the derived form was N. dîr (Ety/DER). However, in this document Tolkien said:
> EN †dîr surviving chiefly in proper names (as Diriel older Dirghel [GYEL], Haldir, Brandir) and as agental ending (as ceredir “doer, maker”) ... In ordinary use EN has benn [for “man”] (properly = “husband”).
Thus in the scenario described in The Etymologies, dîr “man” was archaic and used only as an element in names or as a suffix. In ordinary speech it was replaced by N. benn, which used to mean “husband” but now meant “man”, while the word for “husband” became N. hervenn (Ety/BES). It is unlikely Tolkien imagined this exact scenario in later Sindarin, however, since the 1930s root for benn was ᴹ√BES “wed”, but by the 1960s the root for husband/wife/marry words had become √BER.
Neo-Sindarin: Since the status of N. benn is questionable given ᴹ√BES >> √BER, many Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to use S. ✱dîr as the Sindarin word for man. I am of the opinion that both dîr and benn are acceptable for “man, male person”. This is because I prefer to retain ᴹ√BES as the root for “marry, wed”, since it is the best basis for attested husband/wife words in (Neo) Sindarin.
gwae
noun. wind
The normal Sindarin word for “wind”, usually appearing as gwae but sometimes as gwaew, most frequently derived from √WAY “blow” but also from a bewildering variety of other roots (NM/237; PE17/33-34, 189); see the entry for √WĀ for further discussion.
Conceptual Development: The earliest form of this word was G. gwâ “wind” from both Gnomish Grammar and Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GG/14; GL/43). The form ᴱN. gwá “wind” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s (MC/217), but in the Nebrachar poem from circa 1930 the form was gwaew “wind” (MC/217). It was N. gwaew “wind” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√WAIWA (Ety/WĀ), and appeared a number of times in later writings as both gwae and (more rarely) gwaew, as noted above.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer using only gwae for “wind”, reserving gwaew for “storm”.
gwend
noun. maiden, maiden, *young woman
A word for “maiden” or “✱young woman”, frequently appearing as suffixal -wen as an element in female names, derived from the root √WEN(ED) (PE17/191; Ety/WEN).
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the word G. gwin meant “woman, female” and G. {gwen >>} gwennin was “girl” (GL/45). The former was derived from the root ᴱ√giu̯i which had to do with pregnancy, but the latter was derived from {ᴱ√gw̯ene >>} ᴱ√gu̯eđe. In the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon {ᴱ√WENE >>} ᴱ√GWENE was the basis of words like ᴱQ. ’wen(di) “maiden” (QL/103). In the Gnomish Lexicon Slips it seems G. gwin was also reassigned to the root ᴱ√(G)WENE [ᴱ√u̯enĭ-], derived from ᴱ✶u̯einā́, though possibly shifted or blended in meaning with an adjectival sense “womanly” (PE13/113).
In the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s, Tolkien had ᴱN. uin “woman” (PE13/123), a form that also appeared with this gloss in contemporaneous Early Noldorin Word-lists as a replacement for deleted {gwind, gwinn} (PE13/146, 155). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien had N. gwend, gwenn “maiden” under the root ᴹ√WEN(ED) which he said was “often found in feminine names” (Ety/WEN). He noted that “since the [suffixed names] show no -d even in archaic spelling, they probably contain a form wen-”. Tolkien seems to have stuck with these forms thereafter.
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use this word for a young woman or adolescent girl, especially prior to marriage, but for female children I would use neth.
herw
noun. wine
A word for “wine” appearing in notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969, derived from ancient ✶herwā (PE23/139). Its Quenya equivalent Q. hyero was derived from ✶syeru, of which herwā was a variant, so it is clear that the actual primitive form was ✱syerwā, especially since this was an example of how [[os|sy became voiceless spirantal y ([ꜧ])]], and then later becoming ch [x] > h (PE23/138).
mîr
noun. jewel, precious thing, treasure
The noun N. mîr “jewel, precious thing, treasure” first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√MIR (Ety/MIR), and continued to appear regularly in Tolkien’s later writings with similar derivations and glosses (LotR/1115; PE17/37, 165; PM/348; RGEO/65). It is a frequent element in names.
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s instead had G. idri “a treasure, a thing of great worth, a jewel” below a more archaic form of the same word G. †îd, both related to the name Idril (GL/50). Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱN. himp “jewel” (PE13/147), probably related to ᴱQ. sinqe “jewel” from this same period (PE14/42, 71), where initial s usually became h in Noldorin of the 1920s and labialized velars became labials (nq > mp).
nîdh
noun. juice, [N.] honeycomb; [S.] juice
A noun for “juice” appearing in 1970 green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2), derived from ✶negdē “exudation” based on the root √NEG “ooze, drip”; its Quenya cognate was Q. nehtë “honey” (PE19/91). Sindarin nîdh was a later iteration of N. {nēdh >>} nīdh “honeycomb” in The Etymologies of the 1930s which had essentially the same derivation (EtyAC/NEG). This in turn was a later form of G. nectha “honey comb” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/60), cognate to ᴱQ. nekte “honey” and hence derived from the early root ᴱ√NEHE having to do with bees and honey (QL/65).
Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d use nîdh with its earlier meaning “honeycomb”. For “juice” I’d use other words like [N.] saw and [ᴺS.] paich (adapted from N. peich).
raud
noun. metal
A noun appearing as N. rhaud “metal” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√RAUTĀ of the same meaning (Ety/RAUTĀ). In that document, it was the basis for the second element of the names Finrod, Angrod and Damrod. In Tolkien’s later writings the second element of these names were based on S. raud “noble” instead. This 1930s “metal” word might reappear in Rodëol “metal of Eöl” in drafts of the Silmarillion from the 1950s, since in Sindarin initial r did not become rh as it did in Noldorin. For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I think it best to stick to [N.] tinc “metal”
rhû
noun. matter
A Sindarin word appearing as {hrū >} rhû “matter” in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957, cognate to Q. hrón “flesh/substance of Arda, matter” and derived from srōn < √SRON, a root variation of √RON “solid, tangible, firm”. In later writings Tolkien revised its Quenya cognate to {orma} > erma (MR/218, 231 note #26, 338, 359 note #14).
Neo-Sindarin: I would retain S. rhû for “matter”, and would assume it was of independent derivation from its Quenya equivalent.
sereg
noun. blood
sûl
noun. wind, [strong] wind, *gust
A noun for “wind” appearing in names like Amon Sûl, derived from the root √SŪ “blow, move with audible sound (of air)” (NM/237; PE17/124).
Conceptual Development: A precursor to this word is G. saul “great wind” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/67), derived from the early root ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Súlimo; QL/86).
Neo-Sindarin: Given its connection to the sound of wind, I think sûl would be used mostly for strong or noisy wind, including (but not limited to) gusts of wind, as opposed to more ordinary (and less noisy) gwae “wind”. This notion is supported by its Gnomish precursor G. saul “great wind”.
thîr
noun. face, face, [N.] look, expression, countenance
A word appearing as an element in the name Caranthir “Red-face”, derived from primitive ✶stīrē (VT41/10), which was likely tied to the root √TIR “watch”.
Conceptual Development: The same noun N. thîr appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the glosses “look, face, expression, countenance”, but there it was derived from the root ᴹ√THĒ “look (see or seem)” (Ety/THĒ). Earlier “face” words include G. gwint from the 1910s (GL/46) and ᴱN. ant from the 1920s with more elaborate form ᴱN. annas (PE13/137, 160).
ungol
noun. spider
The Sindarin word for “spider” (Let/180; RC/490, 767), derived from √ungu- that was the basis for spider words (PE22/160).
Conceptual Development: The Gnomish word for “spider” was initially G. gung in both the Qenya Lexicon and Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√GUŊU (QL/98; GL/43), also appearing an element in G. Gungliont, the earliest name of Ungoliant (LT1/160). In the Gnomish Lexicon the word gung was crossed through, but may have become ging in G. gwidh-a-ging “cobweb” (GL/46). Regardless, Tolkien added G. ungwi “spider” in pencil to the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/75), which seems to indicate a change of the root from ᴱ√GUŊU to ᴱ√UŊU, consistent with the replacement name G. Ungoliont from the contemporaneous narratives (LT1/152).
In The Etymologies of the 1930s, “spider” words were derived from the root ᴹ√SLIG (Ety/SLIG); see N. thling for discussion. Tolkien soon restored Ung-, however, since N. ungol was translated as “spider” in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s (WR/202).
-main
suffix. our
-men
suffix. our
-nc
suffix. we
1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -lmo.See paradigm PE17:132. >> -ngid
anu
adjective. male
A literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective
bain
fair
_ adj. _fair, good, blessed, wholesome, favourable, without evil/bad element, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bân
bân
adjective. fair
_ adj. _fair, good, wholesome, favourable, not dangerous, evil or hostile. bân or bain << bân pl. bain. >> bain
calen
green
(galen) _ adj. _green (fresh, vigorous). galen after a sg. noun. Q. kălina (lit. illumined) sunny, light.
erui
adjective. single, alone
The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui
erui
adjective. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians)
The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui
gwae
wind
_ n. _wind. Tolkien also notes "WAKH in wagme > gwaew, gwae" (PE17:34). Q. vea. >> gwaew
gwaew
wind
_ n. _wind. Tolkien also notes "WAKH in wagme > gwaew, gwae" (PE17:34). >> gwae
gwein
adjective. young
adj. young. Q. vinya. >> gwîn
gwen
noun. maiden
gwend
noun. maiden
gweneth
noun. maidenhood
gwenneth
noun. maiden
gwîn
noun. youth
n. youth. Q. víne. >> gwein
hross
noun. foam
n. foam. >> ross
laeg
green
_ adj. _green. >> Legolas
los
snow
{ŏ}_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, loss, Loss(h)oth
loss
noun. snow
_ n. _snow. Q. losse. >> glos, glosui, los, Loss(h)oth
mîr
noun. jewel
_ n. _jewel, precious thing. Q. míre, pl1. míri. >> advir
rhû
matter
ross
noun. foam
n. foam. >> hross
sereg
noun. blood
n. blood. Q. serke. >> seregorn
tirith
watch
{1st ĭ}_n._watch, ward, guard. >> tíria, Minas Tirith
mi
preposition. *in
balla-
verb. to matter; to be of significance, worth, moment
A neologism coined by Elaran posted on 2018-08-03 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), inspired by ᴱQ. valda- of the same meaning.
gwelf
noun. aircraft [general term]
gwilchair
noun. airplane
gwilwist
noun. weather
A neologism for “weather” coined by Elaran inspired by ᴺQ. vilwis(të) of the same meaning. The Sindarin form is a combination of ᴹ√WIL the root of “air” words and ᴺS. gwist (†wistë) “change”, literally “✱air-change” or “✱atmosphere-change”.
ŷ
noun. wine
A neologism for “wine” coined by Hialmr appearing in VQP (VQP), based on ᴱQ. io “wine” (PE16/141).
breged
suddenly
breged; also used as noun "suddenness, violence" (VT35:44).
erui
single
erui (first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini
gorf
impetus
gorf (i **orf) (vigour), pl. gyrf (i ngyrf = i ñyrf), coll. pl. gorvath**
gwain
new
1) #gwain (gwin-), lenited wain, pl. gwîn. Isolated from the month-name Narwain, ”new sun” (where #gwain appears in lenited form). The form gwîn ”young” listed in VT46:22 would have to be taken as a pl. form, if it is to be the cognate of Quenya vinya. 2) cîw (lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (fresh), 3) eden (begun again), pl. edin; 4) sain (sin-), lenited hain; pl. sîn;
herdir
master
(noun) 1) herdir (i cherdir), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cherdir). Possibly used = ”Mr.” (i cherdir Perhael ”the Master Samwise” or *”Mr. Samwise”). (SD:128-31). Coll. pl. ?herdiriath. 2) heron (i cheron, o cheron) (lord), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath. (VT45:22)._ Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord, master” may be preferred. 3) hîr (i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (lord), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chîr). (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9)_ 4) (also used = ”mastery”) tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath
hîw
sticky
hîw (viscous), lenited chîw; no distinct pl. form.
hûr
readiness for action
hûr (i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (vigor, fiery spirit), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.
mîr
jewel
mîr (i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, treasure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath. GREAT JEWEL (Silmaril) Mirion (i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)
olui
な^hJ adjective. dreamy
Ol (dream) + -ui (full, having that quality)
rimp
rushing
(adj.) 1) rimp (flying), no distinct pl. form; 2) alag (impetuous), pl. elaig; also alagon (pl. elegyn); 3) ascar (impetuous, violent), pl. escair. Also spelt asgar (pl. esgair).
sui
as
1) prep. “like, as”) sui (VT44:23), 2) (prep.) be (like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salos reconstruction)
sui
like
(prep. ”as, like”) 1) sui (VT44:23), 2) #be (as, according to) Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salos reconstruction)
tû
muscle
tû (i dû, o thû) (sinew; vigour, physical strength), pl. tui (i thui), coll. pl. túath
tûr
power
tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, mastery, control; master, victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath.
tûr
mastery
tûr (i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. tuir (i thuir), coll. pl. túrath
wen
maiden
, see MAIDEN. The final element -wen in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.
ascar
rushing
(impetuous, violent), pl. escair. Also spelt asgar (pl. esgair).
be
as
(like, according to). Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salo’s reconstruction)
be
like
(as, according to) Followed by lenition? With article ben (followed by "mixed mutation" according to David Salo’s reconstruction)
breged
suddenness
(i vreged) (violence), pl. bregid (i mregid) if there is a pl. Note: the word is also used as adv. "suddenly".
breged
suddenly
; also used as noun "suddenness, violence" (VT35:44).
erui
single
(first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini**
gobel
enclosed dwelling
(i ’obel) (walled house or village, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. göbil.
gorf
impetus
(i ’orf) (vigour), pl. gyrf (i ngyrf = i ñyrf), coll. pl. gorvath
grôd
underground dwelling
(i ’rôd, construct grod) (cave, delving, excavation), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)
gwain
new
(gwin-), lenited ’wain, pl. gwîn. Isolated from the month-name Narwain, ”new sun” (where #gwain appears in lenited form). The form gwîn ”young” listed in VT46:22 would have to be taken as a pl. form, if it is to be the cognate of Quenya vinya.
hîw
sticky
(viscous), lenited chîw; no distinct pl. form.
hûr
fiery spirit
(i chûr, o chûr, construct hur) (readiness for action, vigour), pl. huir (i chuir) if there is a pl.
mirion
great jewel
(i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)
mithril
copper, gold, iron, silver
(i** vithril, no distinct pl. form except with article [i** mithril], coll. pl. ?mithrillath). The description of mithril may seem to fit titanium.
tirith
watch, watching
(i dirith, o thirith) (guard, guarding, vigilance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thirith)
tû
muscle
(i dû, o thû) (sinew; vigour, physical strength), pl. t**ui (i thui), coll. pl. túath**
tûr
master
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath
tûr
master, mastery
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath
tûr
power
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, mastery, control; master, victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath.
tûr
mastery
(i dûr, o thûr, construct tur) (victory, power, control; victor, lord), pl. t**uir (i th**uir), coll. pl. túrath
wen
maiden
in names means ”girl, maiden, virgin”.
men
we
men (accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).
vín
our
vín; see WE
men
we
(accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).
mírdan
jewel-smith
(i vírdan), pl. mírdain (i mírdain)
míriel
jewel-like
(lenited víriel, pl. míril) (sparkling like a jewel)
mîr
jewel
(i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, treasure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.
cidinn
?. [unglossed]
cinnog
?. [unglossed]
gwana
noun/adjective. fair
gwirith
noun. April, *Freshness
gwîn
noun. youth
hand
noun. [unglossed]
herdir
noun. master
laew
adjective. fresh
lind
adjective. fair
maud
?. [unglossed]
mín
pronoun. our
nathal
noun. guest
gwist
noun. change
gwí
adverb. just, just now, only just, already
miru
noun. wine
gwain
adjective. new
anu
male
(adj.) *anu, analogical pl. eny. (Archaic anw, pl. ?einw)
bain
fair
bain (beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
balch
cruel
1) balch (lenited malch; pl. belch), 2) baug (tyrannous, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg
beleg
mighty
1) beleg (great), lenited veleg, pl. belig; 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
bragol
sudden
1) bragol (lenited vragol), pl. bragoel. Archaic *bragaul. 2) brêg (quick, lively), lenited vrêg, pl. brîg.
braig
fierce
braig (wild), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)
brith
gravel
brith (i vrith), no distinct pl. form expect with article (i mrith) if there is a pl.
bâr
dwelling
bâr (house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds
bâr
house
bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
bâr
home
bâr (dwelling, house, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
calen
green
1) (etymologically "bright") calen (lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath **Gelin, "Green Ridges"). 2) laeg (fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas** ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
car
house
(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)
cuil
life
cuil (i guil, o chuil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chuil)
cîw
fresh
1) cîw (lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (new), 2) laeb (no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” lhoeb (LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK) 3) laeg (green), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
daer
bridegroom
daer (i naer, o ndaer), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaer). Note: a homophone means "great, large", but has different mutations.
dîr
man
1) (adult male of any speaking race) dîr (dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”. 2) (mortal human as opposed to Elf) Adan (pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
elu
pale blue
1) elu (analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?) 2) gwind (lenited wind; no distinct pl. form)
elu
pale blue
1) elu (analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?). 2) gwind (lenited wind; no distinct pl. form).
er
single
1) er (pl. ir) (VT48:6), 2)
escal
cover
(a cover that hides) escal (screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
fae
spirit
1) fae (soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form. 2) faer (radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)
faltha
foam
(verb) faltha- (i faltha, i falthar)
fir
fade
1) fir- (i fîr, i firir) (die), 2) pel- (i bêl, i phelir) (wither), 3) thinna- (grow toward evening)
golu
wisdom
*golu (i ngolu = i ñolu, o n**golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath** as the likely coll. pl.
gwaew
wind
1) gwaew (i **waew) (storm), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew), 2) sûl (i hûl), pl. suil (i suil**). Note: a homophone means ”goblet”.
gwaith
manhood
gwaith (i **waith) (manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**)
gwelu
air
2) (as substance) gwelu (i **welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw** (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely *gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..
gwelwen
air
1) (as a region) gwelwen (i **welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i **wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)
gwend
maiden
gwend (i **wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath**. Note: a homophone means ”bond, friendship”.
gwilwileth
butterfly
gwilwileth (i **wilwileth), pl. gwilwilith (in gwilwilith**)
gwing
foam
1) gwing (i **wing) (spindrift, spume, spray blown off wave-tops), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwing), 2) ross (construct ros) (rain, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss) (Letters:282). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”, 3) falf (breaker), pl. felf, coll. pl. falvath**
gwirith
april
Gwirith (na **Wirith**)
hethu
vague
*hethu (foggy, obscure), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH)
iell
maid
1) iell (-iel) (girl, daughter), pl. ill, 2) sell (i hell) (daughter, girl), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath** **
iûr
blood
iûr (construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare: BLOODSTAINED agarwaen (agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ””, see STONECROP
lind
air
3) (of music) lind (song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)
loss
snow
(fallen snow) loss (construct los; pl. lyss if there is a pl.) (RGEO:61-62, Letters:278, VT42:18) (Note: homophones mean ”flower” [more commonly loth] and ”wilderness”.).
nass
corner
nass (sharp end, angle, point), construct nas, pl. nais
neth
young
neth (pl. nith). A homophone is the noun ”sister, girl”.
noss
house
(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
nîf
face
1) nîf (construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form. 2) thîr (look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)
oltha
dream
(verb) oltha- (i oltha, in olthar)
orthor
master
(vb.) orthor (i orthor, in ertherir for archaic in örtherir) (conquer)
remmen
woven
remmen (tangled, netted), pl. #remmin attested (as part of the phrase galadhremmin ennorath, LotR Appendix E)
renia
fly
1) renia- (sail, wander, stray) (i renia, idh reniar), 2)
rib
fly
rib- (i rîb, idh ribir) (rush, fling)
saer
bitter
saer (lenited haer; no distinct pl. form).
saw
juice
1) saw (i haw, o saw), pl. soe (i soe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was sui (LR:385 s.v. SAB). 2) *paich (i baich, o phaich) (syrup), pl. pîch (i phîch). The source (LR:382 s.v. PIS) cites the archaic form peich.
sereg
blood
1) sereg (i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. (Silm App, entry sereg.) 2)
siniath
news
siniath (tidings) (i siniath).
thaur
foul
thaur (detestable, abhorrent, abominable), pl. thoer. Note: a homophone means ”fenced”.
thîn
evening
†*thîn (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. thíniath). The form cited in LR:392 s.v. __ is not marked as containing a long vowel (“thin”).
tinc
metal
tinc (i dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud appears with different meanings in later sources (see
tiria
watch
1) tiria- (guard, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar). 2)
toba
cover
toba- (i doba, i thobar) (roof over). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo)
ungol
spider
1) ungol (pl. yngyl); coll. pl. ?unglath or ungolath; 2) *lhingril (?i thlingril or ?i lingril the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lingril). Coll. pl. lhingrillath. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlingril.) 3) or
ôl
dream
(noun) ôl (in compounds olo-; pl. ely for archaic öly). The pl. ely is the suggested Sindarin equivalent of ”Noldorin” elei (LR:379 s.v. OLOS)
-enc
suffix. our
_1st pl. poss. suff. _our.Maybe the incl. form of this suff. See also the paradigm of poss. suff. in PE17:46.
-m
suffix. we
1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -mmo.See paradigm PE17:132.
Dúnadan
noun. Man of the west, Númenórean
adanadar
noun. man, one of the Fathers of Men
adanath
noun. men
aduial
noun. the evening, time of star-opening, "evendim"
agar
noun. blood
balch
adjective. fierce
_ adj. _fierce, ferocious. In S. gwal < bal which coalesced in form with BAL 'have power'.
bar
noun. dwelling, home
bar
noun. inhabited land
bardh
home
{ð}_ n. _home, the (proper) place for one (or a community) to dwell in.
belaith
adjective. mighty
adj. mighty. Q. melehta.
bragol
adjective. sudden
bragol
adjective. sudden
calen
adjective. green
cîr
adjective. renewed
cîw
adjective. fresh, new
cýr
adjective. renewed
daer
noun. bridegroom
drúadan
noun. wild man, one of the Woses
drû
noun. wild man, Wose, Púkel-Man
In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appeared as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word
er
adjective. single
esgal
noun. veil, screen, cover that hides
fael
adjective. fair minded, just, generous
faer
noun. spirit
fân
noun. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills)
gloss
adjective. snow-white, dazzling-white
gwain
adjective. fair
adj. fair. . This gloss was rejected.
gwaith
noun. manhood
gwaith
noun. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people
gwaith
noun. region, wilderness
gwein
adjective. young
gwelu
noun. air (as substance)
gwinig
noun. "litte baby"
gwirith
noun. april (month)
gwân
adjective. fair
_ adj. _fair, pale.
herdir
noun. master
hîr
noun. master, lord
hû
spirit
_ n. _spirit, shadow.
laeb
adjective. green
_ adj. _green. A theoretical equivalent to Q. laiqua but that did not exist in Sindarin.
laeb
adjective. fresh
laeg
adjective. green
_ adj. _green (of leaves, herbage). Q. laika.
laew
adjective. fresh
_ adj. _fresh.
lhing
noun. spider, spider's web, cobweb
lhingril
noun. spider
lind
noun. air, tune
loss
noun. snow (especially fallen or long-lying snow)
madu
?. [unglossed]
min
adjective. our
min-
preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)
minai
adjective. single, distinct, unique
mín
adjective. our
mírdan
noun. jewel-smith
mîn
preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)
mîr
noun. jewel, precious thing, treasure
nathal
noun. guest
_n. _guest.
nîdh
noun. juice
juice
paich
noun. juice, syrup
raud
noun. metal
remmen
noun. woven, netted, tangled
sain
adjective. new
sennas
noun. guesthouse
sereg
noun. blood
sui
conjunction. as, like
sûl
noun. wind
ungol
noun. spider
Túrin
Túrin (name)
See: Túrin (disambiguation) and Turambar (disambiguation)
It's possible that during Túrin's lifetime (First Age), the name was pronounced as "Túrind" before simplified in the following centuries. The Quenya form is Túrindo.
adab
house
(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.
adan
man
(pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
agarwaen
bloodstained
(agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ”
alag
rushing
(impetuous), pl. elaig; also alagon (pl. elegyn)
anu
male
analogical pl. eny. (Archaic anw, pl. ?einw)
bain
fair
(beautiful). Lenited vain. No distinct pl. form.
balch
cruel
(lenited malch; pl. belch)
baug
cruel
(tyrannous, oppressive) (lenited maug), pl. boeg
beleg
mighty
(great), lenited veleg, pl. belig
bragol
sudden
(lenited vragol), pl. bragoel. Archaic ✱bragaul.
braig
fierce
(wild), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)
breitha
break out suddenly
(i vreitha, i mreithar).
brith
gravel
(i vrith), no distinct pl. form expect with article (i mrith) if there is a pl.
brêg
sudden
(quick, lively), lenited vrêg, pl. brîg.
bâr
dwelling
(house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds
bâr
house
(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
bâr
home
(dwelling, house, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.
bôr
trusty man
(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. *b**ŷr* for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.
calen
green
(lenited galen), pl. celin (attested in lenited form in the name Pinnath Gelin, "Green Ridges").
car
house
or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.
cuil
life
(i guil, o chuil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chuil)
curunír
man of craft
(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath.
cîl
renewal
(i gîl; no distinct pl. form except with article: i chîl) (VT48:8)
cîr
renewed
clashes with the word for ”ship”.s
cîw
new
(lenited gîw; no distinct pl. form) (fresh)
cýron
new moon
(i gýron), pl. cýroen (i chýroen). Archaic ✱cýraun, spelt cýrawn in the source (VT48:7).
daer
noun. bridegroom
daer
bridegroom
(i naer, o ndaer), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaer). Note: a homophone means "great, large", but has different mutations.
dess
young woman
(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss)
dî
in
unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.
dîr
man
(dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”.
dôr
dwelling place
(i nôr, construct dor) (land, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413).
dúnadan
man of the west
(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).
dû
late evening
(i dhû) (night, nightfall, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).
eden
new
(begun again), pl. edin
er
single
(pl. ir) (VT48:6)
escal
cover
(screen, veil), pl. escail. Also spelt esgal (pl. esgail).
fae
spirit
(soul, radiance). No distinct pl. form.
faer
spirit
(radiance). No distinct pl. form. (MR:349)
falf
foam
(breaker), pl. felf, coll. pl. falvath
faltha
foam
(i faltha, i falthar)
fir
fade
(i fîr, i firir) (die)
firion
mortal man
(pl. firyn).
galvorn
copper, gold, iron, silver
(i** ’alvorn, pl. gelvyrn [in ngelvyrn*] if there is a pl.), a black metal made by the Dark Elf Eöl. (WJ:322)*
golu
wisdom
(i ngolu = i ñolu, o n’golu = o ñgolu) (secret lore), analogical pl. gely (in gely = i ñgely) if there is a pl. Archaic golw, hence golwath as the likely coll. pl.
gwaeren
windy
(lenited ’waeren; pl. gwaerin)
gwaew
wind
(i ’waew) (storm), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew)
gwaith
manhood
(i ’waith) (manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith)
gwelu
air
(i ’welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely ✱gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..
gwelwen
air
(i ’welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i ’wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)
gwen
pronoun. us (inclusive)
gwend
maiden
(i ’wend, construct gwen) (friendship), pl. gwind (in gwind), coll. pl. gwennath. Note: a homophone means ”bond, friendship”.
gwilwileth
butterfly
(i ’wilwileth), pl. gwilwilith (in gwilwilith)
gwing
foam
(i ’wing) (spindrift, spume, spray blown off wave-tops), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwing)
gwirith
april
(na ’Wirith)
gwoe
noun. envelope
helch
bitterly cold
(lenited chelch; pl. hilch)
herdir
master
(i cherdir), no distinct pl. form, not even with article (i cherdir). Possibly used = ”Mr.” (i cherdir Perhael ”the Master Samwise” or ✱”Mr. Samwise”). (SD:128-31). Coll. pl. ?herdiriath.
heron
master
(i cheron, o cheron) (lord), pl. heryn (i cheryn), coll. pl. heronnath. (VT45:22). Since the pl. heryn clashes with the fem. sg. heryn ”lady”, other words for ”lord, master” may be preferred.
hethu
vague
(foggy, obscure), analogical pl. hethy; lenited chethu. Cited in archaic form hethw (LR:364 s.v. KHIS, KHITH)
hîr
master
(i chîr, o chîr; also hir-, her- at the beginning of compounds) (lord), no distinct pl. form even with article (i chîr). (Letters:282, 386; VT41:9)
iell
maid
(-iel) (girl, daughter), pl. ill
iûr
blood
(construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare:
laeg
green
(fresh), no distinct pl. form. (Note: a homophone means ”keen, sharp, acute”.) In the Woodland dialect lêg, whence leg- in the name Legolas ”Greenleaf” (Lettters:282, 386).
laeweth
noun. freshness
lasgalen
leaf-green
(pl. lesgelin).
lhing
spider’s web
(?i thling or ?i ling – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (cobweb), no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i ling). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thling.
lhingril
noun. spider
lhingril
spider
(?i thlingril or ?i lingril – the lenition product of lh is uncertain); no distinct pl. form except possibly with article (?i lingril). Coll. pl. lhingrillath. (Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *thlingril**.*)
lhê
spider filament
(?i thlê or ?i lê – the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (fine thread), pl. lhî (?i lî). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlê.
lind
air
(song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)
nass
corner
(sharp end, angle, point), construct nas, pl. nais
ne
in
ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129)
ne
in, inside
(prefix) (mid-)
neth
young
(pl. nith). A homophone is the noun ”sister, girl”.
noss
house
(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)
nost
house
(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)
nothrim
house
(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)
nîf
face
(construct nif) (front). No distinct pl. form.
nîth
youth
(construct nith; no distinct pl. form)
oltha
dream
(i oltha, in olthar)
orthor
master
(i orthor, in ertherir for archaic in örtherir) (conquer)
paich
juice
(i baich, o phaich) (syrup), pl. pîch (i phîch). The source (LR:382 s.v. PIS) cites the archaic form peich.
pel
fade
(i bêl, i phelir) (wither)
pen
pronoun. us (inclusive)
remmen
woven
(tangled, netted), pl. #remmin attested (as part of the phrase galadhremmin ennorath, LotR Appendix E)
renia
fly
(sail, wander, stray) (i renia, idh reniar)
rhavan
wild man
(?i thravan or ?i ravan – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhevain (?idh revain) (WJ:219). – The following terms apparently apply to ”men” of any speaking race:
rhûd
dwelling underground
(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (artificial cave, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid) (PM:365)*.
rib
fly
(i rîb, idh ribir) (rush, fling)
rimp
rushing
(flying), no distinct pl. form
rinc
sudden move
(twitch, jerk, trick), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rinc), coll. pl. ringath.
ross
foam
(construct ros) (rain, dew, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss) (Letters:282). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”
ross
polished metal
(glitter), pl. ryss (idh** ryss**). Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”spray, foam, rain, dew”. For concrete metals, see
saelas
noun. wisdom
@@@ Discord 2023-03-06
saer
bitter
(lenited haer; no distinct pl. form).
sain
adjective. new
sain
new
(sin-), lenited hain; pl. sîn
saw
juice
(i haw, o saw), pl. soe (i soe). In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was sui (LR:385 s.v. SAB).
sell
maid
(i hell) (daughter, girl), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. *sellath*** **
sennas
guesthouse
(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)
sereg
blood
(i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. *(Silm App, entry sereg.)*
siniath
news
(tidings) (i siniath).
sui
as
(VT44:23)
sui
like
(VT44:23)
sûl
wind
(i hûl), pl. suil (i suil). Note: a homophone means ”goblet”.
taur
mighty
(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.
thalion
dauntless man
(hero), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”.
thaur
foul
(detestable, abhorrent, abominable), pl. thoer. Note: a homophone means ”fenced”.
thinna
fade
(grow toward evening)
thinna
grow toward evening
(fade).
thîn
evening
(no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. thíniath). The form cited in LR:392 s.v. THIN is not marked as containing a long vowel (“thin”).
thîr
face
(look, expression, countenance) (VT41:10)
tinc
metal
(i** dinc, o thinc), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thinc), coll. pl. tingath. The word rhaud** “metal” occurring in the Etymologies would normally be ”updated” to Sindarin in the form raud, but since raud** appears with different meanings in later sources (see
tinc
eminent
should at least be preferred for clarity).
tinnu
starlit evening
(i** dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, twilight, early night without a moon), pl. tinny (i** thynny) if there is a pl. Verb
tir-
watch
(cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (guard, gaze, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen.
tiria
watch
(guard, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar).
toba
cover
(i doba, i thobar) (roof over). Cited as a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -o (tobo)
ungol
spider
(pl. yngyl); coll. pl. ?unglath or ungolath
vín
our
; see
ôl
dream
(in compounds olo-; pl. ely for archaic öly). – The pl. ely is the suggested Sindarin equivalent of ”Noldorin” elei (LR:379 s.v. OLOS)
(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) dî, unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.