e

pronoun. he, she, it

e tul’á

e tul’á

eruman

place name. desert N.E. of Valinor

e falmalillon morne sindanōrie

e falmalillon morne sindanōrie

earendel

masculine name. Earendel

@@@ dual and plural forms representative of nouns in the same class

eldahar

masculine name. Eldahar

A possible precursor of Q. Eldacar; see that entry for discussion.

eldakan

masculine name. Elf-bold

A name appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s with the gloss “Ælfnoþ” = Old English for “Elf-bold(ness)” (Ety/KAN). It seems to be as compound of Elda “elf” and the root ᴹ√KAN.

eldakar

masculine name. Elfhelm

An early name for Arathorn (TI/366). See Q. Eldacar for its later development.

eldamir

masculine name. Elfstone

A precursor to Q. Elessar, a compound of Elda “Elf” and míre “jewel” (LR/276), with an early variant Qendemir using Qende “Elf” instead (LR/276).

eldavel

masculine name. Elfwold

A variant early name for Arathorn (TI/366). Its initial element seems to be Elda “Elf”, but the source of its second element is unclear, though Roman Rausch suggests it might be derived from the root ᴹ√BEL “strong” (EE/2.41).

elesser

masculine name. Elf-friend

A variant of Elendil appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/SER), perhaps a compound of the root ᴹ√ELED “star-folk, Elf” and the suffix -ser “friend”, as indicated by the archaic form †Eleðser.

elwe

masculine name. Elwe

At this stage, the brother of Thingol and leader of the Teleri (S/264, LR/214-5). See later Q. Elwë and Olwë for further discussion.

ereol

masculine name. Ereol

Another name for Ælfwine appearing in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, revised from Eriol (LR/203). This character was the Anglo-saxon traveller who translated the tales of the Elves into Old English while in Tol Eressëa; this was the (fictional) source Tolkien used in his own writing of the tales.

Conceptual Development: This name is a remnant of ᴱQ. Eriol from the earliest Lost Tales who played the same role; in those early tales the name was given as Qenya and glossed “One Who Dreams Alone” (LT1/14). The name appeared in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s as Erioll-, who was described as “a dreamer” under the root ᴱ√OLO (QL/69). Christopher Tolkien suggested the name was derived from a combination of the roots ᴱ√ERE “remain alone” and ᴱ√LORO “slumber” (LT1A/Eriol).

Tolkien introduced the name Ælfwine for this character towards the end of the Lost Tales (LT2/278), but the name Eriol/Ereol continued to appear in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/165-6, note #10; LR/203). In Tolkien’s later writings, however, he used only the name Ælfwine.

elda

noun. Elf

eldamar

place name. Elvenhome

eldanor

place name. Elfland

elende

place name. Elfland

elendil

masculine name. Elf-friend

elendilli

collective name. Elf-friends

elessar

masculine name. Elfstone

elostirion

place name. Elostirion

enwa

noun/adjective. existent, real, true; fact

eressea

place name. Eressea

etya

adjective. exiled

elentāri vardan oiolossëan tintallen māli rāmar ortelūmenen

Elentāri Vardan Oiolossëan Tintallen māli rāmar ortelūmenen

eldar alphírimar

Elves are Immortals

eldar alphírimor

Elves are Immortals

etya-noldorin

proper name. Exiled Noldorin

ensi

pronoun. ensi

entu

pronoun. entu

ender

masculine name. Bridegroom

Another name for Tulkas appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, developed from the primitive form ᴹ✶Endero (Ety/NDER, TULUK; EtyAC/E).

erume

noun. desert

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “desert” derived of the root ᴹ√ERE “be alone, deprived” and connected to the name ᴹQ. Eruman which was described in this document as a “desert N.E. of Valinor” (Ety/ERE).

earendillinwe

proper name. Short Lay of Earendel

A title for Bilbo’s song at Rivendell in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/103), a compound of Earendil and otherwise unattested linwe “short lay”.

ef-

verb. to emerge (especially from water)

A verb appearing in its present tense form épha in a rejected page of verbal roots from the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) written in 1948 (PE22/127). It was based on the root ᴹ√EPH “emerge (especially from water, opp[osite] of dive)”, so presumably had the same meaning. It had past forms empe, emphe based on nasal-infixion.

Conceptual Development: Immediately above this entry, Tolkien had a past form kusse {“emerge” >>} “came up, emerged” based on a root {ᴹ√KUSU >>} ᴹ√KHUSU “up from below ground, to ground level; come up, emerge”, but this root and its derivatives were deleted (PE22/127).

Neo-Quenya: As we have no better alternatives, I would retain ᴺQ. ef- “to emerge (especially from water)” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but I would give it the past form ✱eppe in keeping with the discussion of the past forms of basis verbs from elsewhere in QVS (PE22/102); compare rappe past tense of raf-.

en

there, yonder, far away; look yon(der); that; in that (future) case

@@@ es might be an assimilated form as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/es)

erka

noun. prickle, spine

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “prickle, spine” derived from the root ᴹ√EREK “thorn” (Ety/ERÉK).

earuile

noun. seaweed

A noun for “seaweed” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. ear “sea” and ᴹQ. uile “long trailing plant” (Ety/UY).

easte

noun. being, essence

A word appearing as ᴹQ. easte “being, essence” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, a combination of ᴹQ. ea- “to be” and the “general action verbal suffix” ᴹQ. -ste (PE22/123). It replaced ᴹQ. yeste “being, existence” which was derived from the (rejected) verb ᴹQ. ye- “be” (PE22/123 note #130).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien used ᴱQ. nasta for “existence, being, creature” under the early root ᴱ√NĀ “be, exist” (QL/64).

Neo-Quenya: In notes from the early 1950s the verbal suffix became -sta (PE22/137), so I would update this noun to ᴺQ. ëasta “existence, being”, using the gloss “existence” instead of “essense” because by the late 1960s, the verb ëa- was used only for statements about the existence of a thing in the real world. For “essense” I would use the later noun nassë “nature, true-being” (PE17/174-175).

ehtelu-

verb. to well, bubble up

A verb in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, a combination of primitive ᴹ✶et “out” and ᴹ✶kelu- “flow, well up” (PE22/103), whose phonological developments mirror ehtelë. See ᴹQ. kelu- “to flow forth” for a discussion of similar verbs.

Conceptual Development: It seems to be a later iteration of (archaic) ᴱQ. †kektelu- “bubble up” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a verb form of ᴱQ. †kektele “fountain” (QL/46).

ekko

noun. spine, thorn, point

A noun for “spine” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√EK (Ety/EK; EtyAC/EK). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road it was given the gloss “spear” (LR/355), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this to “spine” in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT45/12). In notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from this same time period, ekko was glossed “point, spine, thorn” (PE22/23).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s had ᴱQ. ekke (ekki-) “thorn” derived from the early root ᴱ√EKE (QL/35; PME/35). Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. ehta as a cognate to ᴱN. aith “thorn” in a draft entry (PE13/136), likely based on ✱ekta.

elendilion

proper name. Descendant of Elendil

Apparently a name for the kings of Gondor as descendants of Elendil in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, appearing in its Anglicanized plural “Elendilions” (WR/76). It is a compound of the name Elendil and the patronymic suffix -ion.

elériel

masculine name. Ælfwine

A rejected variant of Elendil appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s (EtyAC/ÑEL), perhaps a compound of the root ᴹ√ELED “star-folk, Elf” and the (rejected) suffix -el “friend”.

endamar

place name. Middle-earth

Another name for “Middle-earth” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a compound of ende “middle” and mar “earth” (Ety/ÉNED, MBAR, NDOR).

ender

noun. bridegroom, bridegroom, *groom, fiancé

A word for “bridegroom” in The Etymologies derived from the root ᴹ√NDER, a strengthened form of the root ᴹ√DER “man” (Ety/NDER).

Conceptual Development: There is an unglossed word ᴱQ. vestaner the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s that is a combination of ᴱQ. vesta “marriage” and ᴱQ. ner “man” (QL/101). This Early Qenya word may likewise mean “✱(bride)groom”, as there is a distinct word for “husband” under the same root: ᴱQ. veru.

Neo-Quenya: In a post on 2024-09-27 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Luinyelle suggested it might also mean “fiancé”.

endien

proper name. Midyear (week)

A Mid-year week of holidays appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a compound of ende “middle” and yén “year” (Ety/LEP, YEN). It also appeared in the early drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices as an alternate name for Autumn (PM/135).

enno

noun. person, *being

A word for “person” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 based on the existential verb ᴹQ. ea-, hence perhaps originally “✱being” (PE22/123). It may be specifically masculine, since Tolkien gave a distinct feminine form ᴹQ. ennie.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d use later (genderless) forms like quén “person” or námo “somebody” instead.

entarda

place name. Thither Lands, Middle-earth, Outer Lands, East

A name for the lands of the East in The Etymologies from the 1930s, also appearing as Entar (Ety/EN). It is apparently a compound of enta “that yonder” and arda “region”. Oddly, it was also glossed “Middle-earth”, though The Etymologies had plenty of other names with that meaning.

erde

noun. seed, germ

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “seed, germ” derived from primitive ᴹ✶eredē under the root ᴹ√ERÉD “scatter, sow” (Ety/ERÉD).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. mile (mili-) “seed” under the early root ᴱ√MILI (QL/61) and ᴱQ. ore (ori-) “seed, grain” under the early root ᴱ√ORO (QL/70).

eske

noun. rustle, noise of leaves

A word for “rustle, noise of leaves” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√EZGE of the same meaning, deleted along with its root when the etymology of Ilk. Esgalduin was revised (Ety/EZGE).

etingul

proper name. one of Noldorin race who remained in Kor

A term for the Noldor who remained in Valinor appearing only in linguistic notes from the 1930s (PE21/33), its initial element is derived from primitive ete “back, below”.

etsir

noun. mouth of a river, mouth of a river, *(lit.) outflow

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “mouth of a river”, a combination of ᴹQ. et “out” and ᴹQ. sir- “flow” (Ety/ET). Its Noldorin cognate N. ethir reappeared as S. ethir “outflow” in later writings (RC/350).

ettul-

verb. *to come forth, come out, issue

An untranslated verb appearing in its plural form ettuler in the phrase Soroni númenheruen ettuler from the 1940s (SD/290). It is clearly a combination of et- “forth, out” with tul- “come”, so meaning something like “✱come forth, come out, issue”. A similar (primitive) verb ✶et-tul- “come out, issue” appeared in Common Eldarin: Verb Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s (PE22/136).

ennie

noun. person (female), *being (female)

A word for a feminine “person” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, a feminine variant form of ᴹQ. enno “person” (PE22/123).

ea-

verb. to be; to exist, have being, be found extant in the real world

ear

noun. (open) sea; water

earendil

masculine name. Friend of the Sea

earráme

proper name. Sea-wing

ende

noun. centre, middle, core

enge

adverb. ago, once (in past), †it was

engwa

pronoun. *our (emphatic possessive inclusive)

engwa

?. [unglossed]

enya

adjective. middle, *central, middle

earenya

noun. Sea-day, *Thursday

e man antaváro

what will he give indeed

et ëarello endorenna nilendie

Out of the Great Sea to Middle-earth have I come

ea

noun. all that is, the World

ehte

noun. spear

ehtele

noun. spring, issue of water

ehtyar

noun. spearman

eldalie

noun. People of the Elves, Elf-folk

eldanyáre

proper name. History of the Elves

eldarin

noun/adjective. of the Elves, Elvish

elen sile lúmesse omentiemman

a star shines on the hour of our meeting

elentári

feminine name. Queen of Stars, (lit.) Star Queen

elerína

place name. Crowned with Stars

elloa

noun. next year

endor

place name. Middle-earth

enna

noun. fact, (primary) thing [that exists]

enne

noun. thought, purpose

enta

that yonder, then (fut.), next, that yonder, then (fut.), next; [ᴱQ.] that there (emphatic)

enyasse manwe hára

there far away dwells Manwe [in Valinor]

en ye tá

that is a tee

er

adverb/adjective. one, alone

eresse

noun. solitude, separation, isolation

eressea

adjective. lonely

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

eru

noun. The One God

erya

adjective. single, sole, only

esse

noun. name

esse

noun. place

esta-

verb. to name

este

feminine name. rest

etse

noun. outside, exterior

ette

adverb/adjective. outside

ettele

noun. outer lands, foreign parts

ettelea

adjective. foreign

eari ullier i kilyanna

the seas poured into the chasm

elli yas atintilar

*wherein the stars tremble

enga

preposition. save, *except

en kárielto eldain isil, hildin úr-anar; toi írimar

for Elves they made the Moon, but for Men the red Sun; which are beautiful

enyáre tar i tyel, íre anarinya qeluva

in that day beyond the end, when my Sun faileth

erríve

noun. November, *First-winter

efarále

[he] hunts you

ella karie nye te

making it for me (would be kind) of you

ella nakie nye mólome

it is hard work for you to kill me

engwar

collective name. The Sickly

estaina

adjective. named, named, *called

etta

pronoun. his, *her, its (emphatic possessive)

etta matie masta

his eating bread

etta matie the ye úmahta

his eating it is a nuisance

e·kestane ataretta karithe

he asked his father to do it

e·lirute (lirus)

he sings it

e·merne ataretta tule

he wished his father to come

eare

noun. (open) sea

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

es

[unglossed]

ette

pronoun. he, *she, it (emphatic)

erka-

verb. to prick

A verb for “to prick” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√EREK “thorn” (Ety/ERÉK).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. kenin “I prick” under the early root ᴱ√KENYE “prick” (QL/46), and Q. koli- “to prick” under ᴱ√KOLO (QL/47).

erkasse

noun. holly

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. erkasse “holly” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√ERÉK “thorn” (Ety/ERÉK). In a rejected page from the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) written in 1948, Tolkien had ᴹQ. erke “holly” derived from the same root (PE22/127). For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the (non-rejected) 1930s ercassë “holly”.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa, Tolkien had ᴱQ. piosenna “holly”, a combination of ᴱQ. pio “berry” and ᴱQ. senna “red-brown” (QL/83; PME/83).

ehta-

verb. to stab

A verb appearing as ᴹQ. ehta “stab” based on the root ᴹ√EK “point, sharp point, thorn” appearing on a page of roots from the Quenya Verbal System from 1948, but this page was marked through (PE22/127).

Neo-Quenya: Primitive ✶ektā- “prick with a sharp point, stab” appears in Tolkien’s later writings (WJ/365), so I think ᴺQ. ehta- “to stab” can be retained for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

elenarda

place name. Star-kingdom

An alternate name of Ilmen in Silmarillion notes from the 1930s (SM/241), also appearing in The Etymologies as compound of elen “star” and arda “realm” (Ety/ƷAR|GAR). At one point it was used as an early name for Calenardhon in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (WR/155).

engwa

adjective. sickly

enqe

cardinal. six

erke

noun. holly

elen

noun. star

ella

pronoun. of you, for you

enar

noun. tomorrow

enna

adjective. first

erólamaite

proper name. uniconsonantal

essea

adjective. ?primary

et

preposition. out of

et-

prefix. forth, out

elenya

noun. Saturday, *Star-day

enyáre

adverb. in that day

ekkaira

adjective. ?out-far

elena

noun. star

ellen

noun. star

hwinde

noun. eddy, whirlpool

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “eddy, whirlpool” derived from the root ᴹ√SWIN “whirl, eddy” (Ety/SWIN) and the name of the tengwa o (EtyAC/SWES, SWIN). This tengwa also had the name hwinde “eddy” in The Feanorian Alphabet of the 1930s (PE22/22). In The Lord of the Rings Appendix E, it was called hwesta sindarinwa (LotR/1123).

ére

noun. existing, existence

An abstract noun for “existing, existence” appearing in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948, as opposed to the true gerund ie “existing” of the verb ᴹQ. ea- “be, exist” (PE22/124). As Tolkien described it:

> The gerunds ére, ie, are chiefly distinguished by the fact that ie (< eye) is the true gerund and only used of particular circumstances. Angwion ie uman enwa “The existence of dragons at one time [is] a fact”. Whereas ére is really an abstract, and can be used (as ie cannot) in such a sentence as: ére nairea, ére lunga nairenen, “Existence (in this world) is sorrowful, is fraught with sorrow” (PE22/124).

aláriel

masculine name. Eadwine

Apparently a rejected variant of Herendil “Fortune-friend” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as compound of (rejected) ᴹ✶alā́ri “bliss” and the (rejected) suffix -el “friend” (EtyAC/LAR, ÑEL).

hen

noun. eye

alalme

noun. elm-tree

faren

adverb. enough

fárea

adjective. enough, sufficient

qen

noun. Elf

rómenildi

collective name. Easterlings

rómenya

adjective. eastern

ére nairea, ére lunga nairenen

existence (in this world) is sorrowful, is fraught with sorrow

lalme

noun. elm-tree

qendya

noun. Elvish

líve

noun. sickness

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. líve “sickness” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶slīwē under the root ᴹ√SLIW “sickly” (Ety/SLIW). The ancient initial sl became voiceless hl, which was then voiced to l as was generally the case in The Etymologies. The root had a deleted variant ᴹ√LIW “be sickly, ill”, where líve appeared with the gloss “disease” (EtyAC/LIW).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, he usually retained hl- in spelling if not pronunciation; see the entry on how initial voiceless nasals and liquids were voiced for discussion. As such, most Neo-Quenya writers adapt this word as ᴺQ. hlívë. Given the gloss “disease” for its deleted form, I would further assume hlívë specifically refers to sickness by disease.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the word ᴱQ. leume “sickness” under the similar but earlier root ᴱ√LEẆE (QL/53).

(ek)koiru-

verb. to come to life

A verb appearing as {ekkoitu >>} (ek)koiru “come to life” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 (PE22/112), a u-verb based on the root ᴹ√KOY “live” with the (optional) prefix ᴹQ. et-, where tk became kk as it did in cases where it did not undergo metathesis to kt > ht.

aikale

noun. peak

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “a peak”, an abstract noun formation of ᴹQ. aika “sharp” (Ety/AYAK).

am(ba)penda

adjective. uphill, uphill, *sloping up; [ᴱQ.] arduous, difficult, tiresome

An adjective meaning “uphill” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with variants ambapenda and shorter ampenda, a combination of amba “up(wards)” and penda “sloping” (Ety/AM²). More literally it means “✱sloping up”, versus plain penda which has an implication of “sloping down”. It also appeared in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s as ᴱQ. ambapenda, where its cognate ᴱN. amvenn had the glosses “uphill; arduous, difficult, tiresome” (PE13/159). Perhaps ᴹQ. am(ba)penda could colloquially have these meanings as well.

ambale

noun. yellow bird, yellow hammer

A word for a yellow bird in The Etymologies of the 1930s, apparently the species yellowhammer, derived from ᴹ✶asmalē as an elaboration of the root ᴹ√SMAL “yellow” (Ety/SMAL). Tolkien later changed this root to √MAL, but ammale might still be plausibly derived from that root.

ambarenya

place name. Middle-earth

Name for Middle-earth appearing as ambar-endya in notes for Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/241), and also appearing as Ambarenya in The Etymologies, apparently a compound of Ambar “Earth” and enya “middle” (Ety/MBAR).

aryante

feminine name. Day-bringer

A female name (possible a variant of Árien) appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as compound of arya “day” and ante “giver (f.)” (Ety/ANA¹, AR¹).

filet

noun. cobweb

A word in in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s glossed {“fern” >>} “cobweb” (PE21/33 and note #3). Its initial gloss was probably a later iteration of ᴱQ. filqe “fern” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/38), and in later writings filit (filik-) was a word for “small bird, sparrow” (Ety/PHILIK; PE21/56), so this was likely a transient form.

helyanwe

noun. rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge, rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge, *sky-joining

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “[lit.] ‘sky-bridge’, rainbow”, a combination of ᴹQ. helle “sky” and ᴹQ. yanwe “bridge, joining” (Ety/ƷEL).

Conceptual Development: Early Qenya “rainbow” words from the 1910s were mostly tied to Qenya forms of the name {G. Cris a Teld Quing Ilon >>} G. Cris Ilbranteloth “Gully of the Rainbow Roof”: either ᴱQ. iluqin(ga) “✱(lit). sky bow” = ilu + qinga “bow” or ᴱQ. ilweran(ta) “(lit.) bridge of heaven” = ilwe + ranta “bridge” (QL/42). Only ᴱQ. {ukko >>} ukku “rainbow” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s was unrelated to this name, being derived from the early root ᴱ√UQU “wet” instead (QL/98).

The form helyanwe from The Etymologies (with cognate N. eilianw) was probably connected to the name of that same pass had in the early 1930s: Cirith Helvin “Rainbow Cleft” (SM/146, 193). In later writings, Tolkien changed the Sindarin name of the pass to S. Cirith Ninniach “Rainbow Cleft” (S/238; WJ/299), but gave no Quenya equivalent.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick with helyanwe as the best available word for “rainbow”. In later writings, yanwë no longer meant “bridge” (that became Q. yanta), but it still meant “joining” (VT49/45), and so this word could be used unmodified with a literal sense of “✱sky-joining”.

ilverin

masculine name. Ilverin

A minstrel of Doriath appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (RS/180).

Conceptual Development: This name seems to be a remnant of ᴱQ. Ilverin from the earliest Lost Tales. Tolkien considered several alternate names in the margin (RS/187 note #6) but ultimately abandoned this character.

kaimassea

adjective. bedridden, sick, bedridden, sick, [ᴱQ.] confined to bed, a-bed

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s apparently meaning “bedridden, sick”, an adjective form of ᴹQ. kaimasse “lying in bed, sickness” (Ety/KAY).

kemna

adjective. of earth, earthen

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “of earth, earthen” derived from the root ᴹ√KEM “soil, earth” (Ety/KEM; EtyAC/KEM). In The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road, Christopher Tolkien gave the form as kemina (LR/363), but in “Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies” Hostetter and Wynne clarified that the actual form was kemna (VT45/19).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. kereksa “of earthenware”, an adjectival form of ᴱQ. keres “earthware” under the early root ᴱ√KERE (QL/46). There was an sk written nearby indicating an alternate (or archaic) form kereska as suggested by the editors.

uruite

adjective. fiery

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “fiery”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. úr “fire” under the root ᴹ√UR “be hot”, but these words were deleted when the meaning of the root was revised to “wide, large, great” (Ety/UR).

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱQ. uruvoite “fiery, having fire” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√URU (QL/98).

Neo-Quenya: The word úr “fire” was restored in some later writings, and this adjective may have been restored with it, but I prefer ᴺQ. úruva for “fiery”; see that entry for discussion.

éle

noun. star-ray, beam, flashing of [?starry] light

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√EL “star” with an unclear gloss “flashing of [?starry] light” (Ety/EL). It also appeared in 1930s notes on Tengwar with the gloss “star-ray, beam” (PE22/23).

henulca

adjective. *evil-eyed

A word appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts as part of Treebeard’s description of orcs (SD/68), clearly the equivalent of English “evil-eyed” from the finished text (LotR/979), a combination of hen “eye” and ulca “evil”.

teren

adjective. slender, slender; [ᴱQ.] lissom, lithe

-iel

suffix. daughter

-ien

suffix. daughter

-llume

suffix. time, time, [ᴱQ.] times

aire

noun. sea

airen

noun. sea

amme

noun. mother

anaróre

noun. sunrise

andúne

noun. sunset

artuile

noun. dayspring, early morn

falasse

noun. beach

felya

noun. cave

helwa

adjective. (pale) blue

horme

noun. urgency

hyarmaite

adjective. left-handed

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

hóre

noun. impulse

istare

noun. knowledge

kemen

noun. soil, earth; Great Lands

ken-

verb. to see

kenya-

verb. to see

kuivie

noun. awakening

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

nerno

?. [unglossed]

sinome

adverb. here

tinwenairin

place name. Crowned with Stars

tinwerontar

feminine name. Queen of Stars

tinwerína

place name. Crowned with Stars

tinwetári

feminine name. Queen of Stars

ye-

verb. to be

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

yeste

noun. being, existence

hilde

noun. heir

yasse tintilar i eleni

*wherein the stars tremble

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

ha le·nye karite

making it for me (would be kind) of you

ha mólome le·nakin(ye)

it is hard work for you to kill me

humpe

adverb. in the middle

niule

?. [unglossed]

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

tante

noun. [unglossed]

teuka

?. [unglossed]

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

évea

adjective. future

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

kuive

noun. awakening

símane

adverb. here

yassen elli atintillinar

*wherein the stars tremble

harwe

noun. wound

A noun for “wound” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skarwē under the root ᴹ√SKAR “tear, rend” (Ety/SKAR).

helle

noun. sky

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “sky” derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL of the same meaning (Ety/ƷEL).

kelure

noun. fountain

A noun in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 glossed “fountain”, derived from the verb ᴹQ. kelu- “spring forth (of water)” and a suffix of general action: ᴹQ. -re (PE22/110).

Conceptual Development: A possible precursor is (archaic) ᴱQ. †kektele “fountain” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of the roots ᴱ√KEKE “bubble up” and ᴱ√KELE “flow” (QL/46), also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/46).

kelulinde

noun. spring

A word for “spring” in the Declension of Nouns of the early 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. kelu- “flow” and ᴹQ. linde “pool” (PE21/10). ᴱQ. kelusindi “river (near its source)” = ᴱQ. kelu- + sindi from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s is similar in structure (QL/46).

angulóke

noun. dragon

are

noun. day

lóke

noun. dragon

-ien

suffix. -land

koire

noun. Stirring

ampenda

adjective. uphill

andamunda

noun. elephant

A noun for “elephant” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of ᴹQ. anda “long” and an adjectival form of ᴹQ. mundo “snout” (Ety/MBUD), hence literally “long snouted”.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien gave ᴱQ. hunto “elephant” (QL/41).

avakúma

place name. Exterior Void

Name of the “Exterior Void” beyond the world in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/241), also appearing in The Etymologies as combination of ava “exterior” and kúma “void” (Ety/AWA, OY).

hún

noun. earth, earth, *ground

A word in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s with stem form hun- and gloss “earth” (QL/39). It might be a later iteration of ᴱQ. han “ground, earth” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/39), and if so then hún might also be used as “✱ground”. I think it is useful to assume so for purposes of Neo-Quenya, as the other attested word for “ground”, Q. talan, is probably used more often for “floor”, including floors above the ground level.

atwa

adjective. double; either/or, either/or; double

ambar

noun. Earth, World

kotumo

noun. enemy

lár

noun. ear

róna

adjective. east

soron

noun. eagle

taima

noun. extension

arda

place name. Earth, world

hyar-

verb. to cleave, to cleave; [ᴱQ.] to plough

A verb appearing as hyarin “I cleave” in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of from the root ᴹ√SYAD “shear through, cleave” (Ety/SYAD). In the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s, Tolkien had an (unglossed) verbal stem hyar- also derived from ᴹ√SYAD, but in that document the root seems to mean “compact, compress”. However in the Quenya Verbal System from 1948, hyare again meant “cleave” (PE22/102). See the entry on √SYAD for further vacillations on the meaning of the root.

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. hyanda- as the cognate of G. †hanna- “mow, cleave” (GL/48) likely based on the early root ᴱ√HYAŘA “plough through” [HYAÐA] (QL/41). Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. hyar- “plough”, probably form the same root (PE16/144).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would keep the sense “cleave” for the basic verb despite Tolkien’s vacillations on the meaning of the root. I think it could also retain its 1920s meaning “plough” = “✱cleave the earth”.

aksa

noun. ravine, narrow path; edge

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as ᴹQ. aksa “narrow path, ravine” derived from the root ᴹ√AK “narrow, confined” (Ety/AK). It was also the name of a tengwa in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s with the gloss “ravine” (PE22/22), and it reappeared in a later version of these notes from the 1940s, but its gloss was changed: {“ravine” >>} “edge” (PE22/51).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d avoid this word and instead use Q. (a)nacca for “narrow path” and Q. címa for “edge”.

ampano

noun. building (especially of wood), wooden hall, construction, edifice

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “building (especially of wood), wooden hall”, an elaboration of ᴹQ. pano “piece of shaped wood” under the root ᴹ√PAN “place, set, fix in place (especially of wood)” (Ety/PAN). The form umpano “build[ing]” appeared under the intensive root ᴹ√N- (EtyAC/N), but under the entry for ᴹ√PAN Tolkien considered and then rejected this alternate form: {ampano >> umpano >>} ampano (EtyAC/PAN). The word ampano “building, construction” appeared in The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s and 40s (PE22/22, 52), and ampanō̆ “building, construction, edifice” appeared in the Quenya Verbal System from the late 1940s (PE22/114).

ampanóta-

verb. to build, construct, erect a (large) building

A verb in the Quenya Verbal System of 1948 variously glossed “build, erect a (large) building” (PE22/114) and “construct (a building)” (PE22/118), based on the noun ᴹQ. ampano “building”.

andon

noun. great gate, great gate, [ᴱQ.] door, gate

A noun for a “great gate” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, an augmentative form of ᴹQ. ando “gate” under the root ᴹ√AD “entrance, gate” (Ety/AD).

Conceptual Development: The word ᴱQ. andon first appeared in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s as a cognate of ᴱN. ann “door” (PE13/137, 160). It was also an element in the name ᴱQ. Andonavestan “Gates of Summer” (PE13/143, 160). This earlier iteration was not augmentative as it was in the 1930s.

aryon

noun. heir

Two similar words appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s: ᴹQ. aryon “heir” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√GAR, and ᴹQ. haryon “(heir) prince” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√ƷAR, both roots having to do with possession (Ety/GAR; Ety/ƷAR). Drafts of these entries had aryo, aryon “son of property = heir” and aryon “heir, prince” (EtyAC/GAR; EtyAC/ƷAR). Based on the gloss “son of property”, I think it is likely the second element of these words is the root ᴹ√YO(N) “son”.

Neo-Quenya: It is possible Tolkien intended haryon and aryon to coexist, but since we have other “prince” words I would just use aryon “heir = one who inherits wealth” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

fas

noun. fringe, border, fringe, [ᴱQ.] tassel; [ᴹQ.] border

A word appearing as fas (fass-) in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s glossed “fringe, border” (PE21/19) and “fringe” (PE21/26). ᴱQ. fas “tassel” also appeared in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, but there its stem form was fats- (QL/37), and in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon its form was fatse (GL/34). Based on its Gnomish cognate fath (GL/34), its 1910s root was probably something like ✱ᴱ√FAÞA.

Neo-Quenya: I would use this word as “fringe, tassel”, but only as “border” in the sense of a tasseled border for cloth, for which I would probably use the more elaborate form ᴺQ. fassalë instead. I would also assume a derivation from the 1930s root ᴹ√PHAS having to do with shaggy or tangled hair (Ety/PHAS).

hanwa

adjective. male

A word appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “male” (Ety/INI), an adjectival form of the noun ᴹQ. hanu “male” (Ety/ƷAN).

Conceptual Development: In drafts for the first version of Quenya Personal Pronouns (QPP1) from the late 1940s, Tolkien had various adjectival forms based on the root ᴹ√NŌ/ONO “beget” (vs. ᴹ√RÉ “bear, produce”), including ᴹQ. noa, nóna, or ᴹQ. noito “male (of any kind)” (PE23/87), but the relevant sections were rejected and elsewhere √NŌ is not specifically masculine.

hiswa

adjective. grey, grey [of weather], *foggy, overcast; [ᴱQ.] dim, fading

This word is glossed “grey” in The Etymologies, but perhaps means “✱foggy, overcast”, since Sindarin cognate hethw means “foggy, obscure, vague” and related noun hiswë means “fog”. @@@

hwinya-

verb. to swirl, eddy, gyrate

A verb for “to swirl, eddy, gyrate” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√SWIN “whirl, eddy” (Ety/SWIN).

ilqa

all the, the whole (situation); everything, all

An adjective or pronoun for “all the, the whole” appearing in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 as a combination of ᴹQ. il(u)- “the whole” and ᴹQ. qa- “each, every, all” (PE23/106). It also functioned as a prefix of similar meaning (PE23/101). As an adjective Tolkien specified ilqa was used with singular nouns and without the article, as in ᴹQ. ilqa nóre “all the land” (PE23/106). It could be used pronominally to mean “the whole (situation)” (PE23/105).

Conceptual Development: In drafts of DRC, ilqa meant “every, each” before being revised to qa(qe) (PE23/101 note #36). In DRC, primitive ᴹ√kwā- meant “all”, possibly related to ᴹ√KWAT “fill” (PE23/101). However, in The Etymologies of the 1930s ilqa was instead “everything”, because in that document ᴹ√KWA meant “something”, so that il-qa = “✱all things” (Ety/IL; EtyAC/KWA). The word ilqa was translated as “all” (pronoun) in ᴹQ. Fíriel’s Song, also from the 1930s (LR/72).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writings, IL was “all” (VT48/25) and √KWA was translated “whole, complete, all” (VT47/7, 17), but I think ilqua might still be used for “all the, the whole” with a reversal of the meaning of its elements.

intin

pronoun. they (emphatic)

@@@ Regarding -n see “the final -m/n that sometimes appears at the end of object pronouns in pl. and belongs to them, not to the subject.” (PE22/94) as suggested by Aleksandr Zapragajev: gilruin.gitlab.io

kaima

noun. bed, bed, [ᴱQ.] couch

A noun for “bed” in The Etymologies from around 1937 under the root ᴹ√KAY “lie down” (Ety/KAY).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. kaima was glossed “couch” under the early root ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” (QL/46) and ᴱQ. kamba was glossed “bed” under the early root ᴱ√KAMA “lie down” (QL/44). However, ᴱQ. kaima was “bed” in the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s (PE15/70). The form kaimas appeared unglossed in The Feanorian Alphabet of the 1930s (PE22/19), possibly an inflected form of kaima “bed”.

kap-

verb. to leap, to leap, [ᴱQ.] jump

A verb in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 based on the root ᴹ√KAP “leap”, illustrating the conjugation of basic verbs with stems ending in p (PE22/102). Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. kap- “leap” (PE16/132, 134), and the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. kapin “I jump” under the early root ᴱ√KAPA “leap, spring” (QL/45). The survival of related Sindarin words like cabed “leap” in Tolkien’s later writings (S/224) indicate the ongoing validity of Q. cap- “leap”.

kar

noun. building, house

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “building, house” under the root ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” (Ety/KAR).

kim-

verb. to find, to find; [ᴱQ.] to heed

In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien gave ᴱQ. kim- “heed” as related to G. gima- “hear” (GL/38), probably based on an (unattested) early root ✱ᴱ√GIMI since initial g became k in Early Qenya. In the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 Tolkien instead had ᴹQ. kim- “find” as a replacement for ᴹQ. tuv- (PE22/108 note #50, PE22/125), but this seems to have been transient since tuv- was restored in The Lord of the Rings.

Neo-Quenya: I would keep ᴺQ. cim- as “to heed” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, since this is the closest to a verb for “obey” that we have in Quenya.

kosta-

verb. to quarrel, to quarrel, [ᴱQ.] debate, dispute, *argue

@@@ gloss “argue” suggested by Sami Paldanius

nóla

noun. round head, knoll, round hilltop; summit, round head, knoll, round hilltop; summit, [ᴱQ.] top (only used of mountains etc.); crown of head

A word for a type of hill, a “round head, knoll”, appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√NDOL (Ety/NDOL).

Conceptual Development: This word was mentioned quite frequently in Tolkien’s early writings, appearing as ᴱQ. nōla “head, hill” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from ᴱ√NOHO “extended” (QL/67), and appearing in many word lists from the 1910s through early 1930s with glosses like “round hill” (PME/67), “head, summit” (PE15/73), “top (only used of mountains etc.)” (PE15/78), or “summit, round hilltop, head” (PE21/8). In the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s Tolkien clarified that it “is not used of human head except colloquially” (PE15/73). Tolkien’s ongoing use of its cognate S. dol(l) “head, hill” in later writings indicates is ongoing validity.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would limit this word to round hills and knolls and not use it for mountain tops.

vaiya

proper name. Outer Sea, Enfolding Ocean

Name for the Outer Sea appearing in the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/209, SM/236). It is vai(y)a “envelope” used as a proper name (Ety/WAY,GEY).

lor-

verb. to sleep, to sleep, [ᴱQ.] slumber

The verb ᴱQ. lor- “slumber” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√LORO “doze, slumber” (QL/56). The verb reappeared in a present participle form loralyar “asleep” in Koivienéni sentence which was probably composed in the late 1930s (VT27/7).

Neo-Quenya: I’d use lor- as the best available verb for “to sleep, slumber” for purposes of Neo-Quenya; see the entry on √(O)LOR for further discussion.

anta-

verb. to give

atar

noun. father

i

article. the

orta-

verb. to rise

é

interjection. indeed

a

preposition. [unglossed]

aini

noun. holy one, angelic spirit (f.), holy one, angelic spirit (f.); [ᴱQ.] (pagan) goddess

aiqa

adjective. steep, steep, [ᴱQ.] tall; high, lofty, sublime; chief

alda

noun. tree

amil

noun. mother

an-

prefix. intensive prefix

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

anta

noun. face

apsa

noun. juice

arinya

adjective. morning, early

ava

adverb/adjective. outside, beyond; outer, exterior

faina-

verb. to emit light

falmar(in)

noun. sea-spirit, nymph, sea-spirit, nymph, [ᴱQ.] sea-fay (male), spirit of the sea foam

ilduma

noun. heaven

ilu

noun. universe, world

istya

noun. knowledge

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

kar

noun. deed

kas

noun. head

kata

preposition. after

khus-

verb. to come up, emerge

korin

noun. circular enclosure, circular enclosure, [ᴱQ.] great circular hedge

kundu

noun. prince

kár

noun. head

landa

adjective. wide, wide, [ᴱQ.] broad

luina

adjective. pale

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

marta

adverb. home

miksa

adjective. wet, wet, *damp

min

cardinal. one

ravanda

noun. wilderness

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tanta

adjective. double

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

uvana

adjective. wicked

alama

noun. [unglossed]

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

olar

noun. dream

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

harda

noun. realm

ista

noun. knowledge

kas

noun. head

kén

noun. soil, earth

róminya

adjective. *eastern

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

éma

?. [unglossed]

alkar

masculine name. Radiant

A name for Melko appearing in the final version of the poem, Fíriel’s Song (LR/63, 72). According to Christopher Tolkien, it appeared nowhere else (LR/74 note 16). It seems to be alkar(e) “radiance” used as a name.

landa

noun. plain

A noun for “a plain” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the 1940s derived from ᴹ√LAD “lie flat, be flat” with variants landa and lanna (PE22/126), the latter probably derived from ✱ladna with the voiced stop d becoming a nasal before nasal n. It might simply be the noun form of adjective ᴹQ. landa “wide” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LAD).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d stick to the form landa, which appears in an inflected form landannar “to the plains” early in QVS (PE22/125).

alka

noun. ray of light, ray of light, [ᴱQ.] light of day; shining

A word for “ray of light” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√AKLA-R (Ety/AKLA-R).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. alka “ray” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√ḶKḶ; its primitive form ᴱ✶ak’lā indicated a historical development similar to that of The Etymologies (QL/30). The phrase ᴱQ. alkarissen oilimain “in the last rays of light” appeared in some of the versions of the Oilima Markirya poem from around 1930 (MC/221), but here the form was alkar as in alkar-issen = “ray-(locative-plural)”. The word alkar appeared in one of the glossaries of Oilima Markirya drafts with the translation “shining, light of day” (PE16/75). By The Etymologies of the 1930s, however, the form and meaning seem to have reverted to alka “ray of light” (see above).

ampana-

verb. to build

A verb for “to build” in the Quenya Verbal System of 1948, attested only in its imperfect passive participle form {ampananta >>} ampanaina “while it was being built” (PE22/108). A longer and better attested verb of the same meaning is ᴹQ. ampanóta-.

angaina

adjective. of iron

An adjectival form of ᴹQ. anga “iron” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/ANGĀ), also mentioned in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s (QL/31; PME/31).

aran

noun. child

This word first appeared as ᴱQ. ar (arn-) “child” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/32) and its stem form arn- appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/32). The word reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/135), but in the Early Noldorin Dictionary the Qenya form was given as arne. In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, the word appeared as ᴹQ. aran (arn-) “child” (PE21/19), but there is no sign of it from this point forward, probably displaced by Q. aran “king”.

arin

noun. morning

@@@ may be reconceived as a derivative of AS.

asto

noun. dust

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dust” derived from the root ᴹ√ÁS-AT (Ety/ÁS-AT). It was also mentioned in The Feanorian Alphabet from the late 1930s with the same form and meaning (PE22/21-22), and in the revisions of that document from the 1940s, though there it was replaced with ᴹQ. osto as a name for one of the tengwar (PE22/50). This replacement may only have to do with tengwar names, and doesn’t necessarily invalidate asto “dust”.

huan

noun. hound, hound, [ᴱQ.] dog

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “hound” derived from primitive ᴹ✶khugan under the root ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). It was followed a parenthetical form (húnen), likely a genitive, indicating a stem form of hún-. This word served as the basis for the name of the great Valinorian hound Huan.

Conceptual Development: The forms huan and {hwan >>} huan appeared in both the Qenya Lexicon and Qenya Phonology of the 1910s, but in both cases this word was revised to ᴱQ. fan (fand-) “dog” (QL/37; PE12/26). This word was derived from the early root ᴱ√SAẆA < sǝwǝ (QL/82) and primitive forms ᴱ✶swandǝ (PE12/26) or ᴱ✶swǝnd- (QL/82). The vacillation from huan to fan reflects Tolkien’s uncertainty on the development of initial sw- in Early Qenya, either to hw- > hu- or to f- (PE12/26 note #26). The form ᴱQ. huan (huand-) “dog” appeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/132). It appeared again in The Etymologies, with a new gloss “hound”, a revised derivation and a new stem form hún- (see above).

hui

proper name. Night

A name for (Primordial?) Night appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√PHUY, along with its (archaic?) variant Fui (Ety/PHUY).

Conceptual Development: This name is most likely a remnant of the name ᴱQ. Fui from the earliest Lost Tales, where it was another name for the goddess ᴱQ. Nienna (LT1/66, LT1A/Fui). According to the Qenya and Gnomish Lexicons from the 1910s, this earlier version of the name is derived from the root ᴱ√ǶUẎU (GL/36, QL/38).

ilkorin

proper name. Not of Kôr

In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this was the name of the Elves who remained in Beleriand, so called because they never came to Kôr (SM/85, LR/171). It was a combination of the negative suffix il- with the name of the city Kôr (Ety/AR², LA).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, the term Ilkorin was used for the whole of Elven-kind who did not travel to Valinor (LT1/196), equivalent to the later terms ᴹQ. Lembi and Q. Avari, though in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien at first used the term Teleatka or Teleakta as the name of their language (QL/32, 39). By the time of the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this term referred only to the folk of Thingol in Beleriand (LR/171, 181). In Tolkien’s later writing, the Elves of Beleriand became the Sindarin.

anda

adjective. long

aika

adjective. sharp

aina

adjective. holy

ala

noun. day

alqa

noun. swan

am-

prefix. up

ambo

noun. hill

anga

noun. iron

anna

noun. gift

aran

noun. king

atan

noun. Man

atta

cardinal. two

ava-

prefix. without

halla

adjective. tall

inga

adjective. first

kala

noun. light

kalina

adjective. light

lungu

noun. dragon

lára

adjective. flat

tol-

verb. to stand

vahai(y)a

adverb. far away

él

noun. star

angainor

proper name. Angainor

ama

adverb. up

au-

prefix. without

halda

adjective. tall

in

pronoun. that

téna

adjective. straight, right