gwest

noun. oath

gwest

noun. oath

annûn

noun. west

dûn

noun. west

dûn

noun. west

dunhirion

place name. ?West Lord Land

Earlier name for Annúminas appearing in the drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/167). It may be a combination of dûn “west”, hîr “lord” and the suffix -ion used in the names of lands.

eldûn

masculine name. *West-star

Earlier of Eluréd (LR/147 note #42). Since his brother’s name was Elrûn “✱East-star”, this name may be a combination of el “star” and dûn “west”.

balannor

place name. land of the Gods in the West

annûn

noun. west, sunset

athan

preposition. beyond

A word appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s in the name N. Bronwe athan Harthad “Endurance beyond Hope” (SD/62). According to Christopher Tolkien, the form athan is very unclear and uncertain (SD/70 note #6). It might instead be athar, which would be more compatible with the root √THAR “across, beyond” (PE17/14; Ety/THAR).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. {athron “further, beyond” >>} adron “further, beyond, over, on other side” based on G. {athra “across, athwart” >>} adr(a) “lying athwart; situated on far side” (GL/17). This hints that later athan “beyond” may be based on N. ath- “across” (Ety/AT(AT)).

benn

noun. man, male

dîr

noun. man, referring to an adult male (elf, mortal, or of any other speaking race)

edhel

noun. Elf

forodrim

noun. Northmen

forodwaith

noun. Northmen

forodwaith

noun. the lands of the North

forodweith

noun. Northmen

forodweith

noun. the lands of the North

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

tindu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

tindu

noun. starry twilight

tinnu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

tinnu

noun. starry twilight

dûn

noun. west

The Sindarin word for “west” based on primitive ᴹ✶ndūne derived from the root √NDU “go down” (LotR/1116; PE17/18; Ety/NDŪ; EtyAC/NDŪ). More exactly it is “the way of the sunset” (SA/andúnë). The related word annûn “sunset”, also used to mean “the West”, was derived from ✶ṇdūnē with syllabic initial ṇ.

dûn

noun. west

_n. _west. Q. nū-. >> annûn

dûn

noun. west

annúminas

place name. Tower of the West

The capital of Arnor (LotR/244). Christopher Tolkien translated it as “Tower of the West” (SI/Annúminas), a combination of annûn “west” and minas “tower” (SA/andúnë, minas).

Conceptual Development: When this city first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, it was named N. Torfirion “Westermanton” (TI/144). In an early version of the Tale of Years the city was called N. Dunhirion (PM/167). Both of these variants were eventually replaced by Annúminas.

annûn

noun. sunset, west; (lit.) going down

The Sindarin word for “sunset”, more literally “going down”, also used to mean “West” (LotR/1116, 1123; PE17/64, 88, 121). It was based on the root √NDU “sink, go down” (PE17/64), derived from primitive ✶ṇdūnē like its Quenya counterpart Q. andúnë (Ety/NDŪ). The overlong vowel in the last syllable of annûn is unusual, and was due to the influence of related dûn “west” (LotR/1116 note #1). I believe annûn is most generally used for “sunset”, and when used for “West” it means “the West” as a location, as opposed to a direction which is dûn.

Conceptual Development: N. annûn first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above but only glossed “west” (Ety/NDU).

There was a similar word {nún >>} ᴱN. nuin in Early Noldorin Wordlists and the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s, a noun form of the verb ᴱN. nuv- “to sink, set” (PE13/151, 161, 164). Tolkien first gave it as nún “sinking, going down” as a derivative of primitive ᴱ✶numne (PE13/151), but later gave it as nuin “sinking down, going down” from primitive ᴱ✶nubhin (PE13/164). In the second instance he specified it was both “n[oun] & inf[initive]”. In the first instance Tolkien said that “Nún is used = West”.

Another likely precursor was G. nûmin “the west, sinking” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/61) which in turn was probably based on the early root ᴱ√NUHU “bow, bend down; stoop, sink” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (QL/68; LT1A/Númë).

dúnadan

proper name. Man of the West

Sindarin term for a “Man of the West”, the descendants of the Elf-friends of Beleriand and Númenor (LotR/233). This name is a combination of dûn “west” and Adan “Man” (SA/andúnë, adan; PE17/18).

Conceptual Development: In an early version of Glorfindel’s greeting to Aragon, this term was N. Torfir (TI/61), and throughout the Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, the most common term for “High Men” was ᴹQ. Tarkil (TI/84, WR/310). It was not until very late in the drafts that the terms Dúnadan/Dúnedain appeared (WR/363 note #6).

dúnedhel

proper name. West-Elf

A term for the Elves of the West who fought against Morgoth, coined to match Dúnadan (WJ/378, PE17/141). This name is a combination of dûn “west” and Edhel “Elf”. It also appeared in the variant form Dúnel(t) using Ell “Elf” (PE17/141-142), Dúneglon using Eglon (PE17/142), and Dúnedel using Edel (PE17/142).

annui

adjective. west[ern]

An adjective for “west[ern]” appearing in the King’s Letter in the phrase Hîr i Mbair Annui “Lord of the Westlands” (SD/129). It is probably based on the same root √NDU that produced annûn “sunset; west”, but with the adjectival suffix -ui.

Annúminas

noun. west tower

annûn (“west, sunset”) + minas (“tower”) #The assimilation of nm > mm > m could be “internal nasal mutation”.

Dúnadan (pl. Dúnedain)

noun. west(ern) man

(n-)dûn (“west”) + adan (“a man from one of the three houses of the Edain”)

Nivrim

noun. West-march

niv (from Dor. nivon “west”) + rim (Dor. “edge, hem, border”)

Nivrost

noun. West-dales

niv (from Dor. nivon “west”) + rost (Dor. “plain, wide land between mountains”); the earlier form of Nevrast “hither shore”

a hîr annûn gilthoniel

*oh Lady of the West, Star-kindler

The fourth phrase of Lúthien’s Song (LB/354). Three translations of this phrase are:

• Patrick Wynne: “✱O Lord of the West, star-kindling” (NTTLS/11)

• David Salo: “✱O Lady of the West, star-kindler” (GS/211)

• Bertrand Bellet and Benjamin Babut: “✱O Lady of the West, Starkindler” (GTLC)

The first word is the vocative particle a “O”. The second word hîr is typically translated as masculine “lord”, but since in this case it is addressing Elbereth, I think (like Salo, Bellet and Babut) it is better to translate it as “lady”, even though elsewhere the Sindarin word for “lady” is given as hiril or heryn. The third word is annûn “west” and the last word is Gilthoniel “Star-kindler”, one of the names of Elbereth (Varda).

Patrick Wynne instead suggested (NTTLS/10) that the fact that the word gilthoniel is lower case might mean it is an adjectival form “star-kindling” applied to the Moon rather than Varda, and he is addressed as “Lord” (the Elves considered the Moon to be male). This does explain the masculine form Hîr, but I find it difficult to believe that Lúthien would address the Moon by one of Varda’s name, and follow Salo, Bellet and Babut in assuming the words are spoken to Elbereth.

dúnedel

'West-Elf'

dúnedil, pl2. dúnedellim n. #'West-Elf', Noldo. >> dún, edhel

dúnedhel

noun. west(ern) elf

(n-)dûn (“west”) + edhel (“elf”)

dúnel

'West-Elf'

pl1. dúnil, pl2. dúneldhrim {ð} n. #'West-Elf', Noldo. >> dúnelt, ell

dúnelleth

noun. West-Elf

fem. n. #West-Elf. >> -eth

dúnellir

noun. West-Elves

pl1. n. #West-Elves. >> dúneglir

dúnellon

noun. West-Elf

pl1. dúnellyn masc. n. #West-Elf. >> -on

dúnelt

West-Elf

pl1. dúnilt, pl2. dúneldhrim {ð} n. #West-Elf. >> dúnel

nivrim

place name. West March

Region of western Doriath translated “West March” (S/122).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name first appeared as Ilk. Nivrim “West-march” (LR/261), and in The Etymologies was designated a Doriathrin [Ilkorin] name, a combination of Ilk. nivon “west” and Ilk. rîm “border” (Ety/NIB, RĪ). Unlike Ilk. Nivrost “West Vale” >> S. Nevrast “Hither Shore”, the name Nivrim was not updated in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, even though its earlier etymology no longer fit Sindarin.

daur a berhael, conin en annûn

Frodo and Sam, princes of the west

Dúnadan

noun. Man of the west, Númenórean

annûn

noun. west, sunset

dúnedhel

noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)

annui

adjective. western

gwest

oath

(i ’west, in gwist)

annûn

west

1. annûn; 2) Dúven (na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction. WEST-ELF (Elf of Beleriand, including Noldor and Sindar) Dúnedhel (i Núnedhel), pl. Dúnedhil (i Ndúnedhil). (WJ:378, 386)

dúven

west

(na Núven, o Ndúven). Christopher Tolkien tentatively read the illegible gloss as ”southern” (LR:376 s.v. NDŪ), but the etymology seems to demand the meaning ”west”: dú-ven with the same ending as in Forven ”North” and Harven ”South”. The ending means ”way”, so Dúven may be ”west” considered as a direction.

annûn

west

Dúnadan

man of the west

(Númenórean) Dúnadan (i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).

Dúnadan

man of the west

(Númenórean) Dúnadan (i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386)

dúnadan

man of the west

(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386).

dúnadan

man of the west

(i Núnadan), pl. Dúnedain (i Ndúnedain) (WJ:378, 386)

dúnedhel

west-elf

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

dúnen

adjective. western

A neologism coined by Röandil in 2023-09-28 on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), an adjectival form of dûn “west” analogous to rhúnen “east[ern]”.

annui

western

annui. No distinct pl. form.

annui

western

. No distinct pl. form.

Nivrim

Nivrim

The name means "west-march" from Doriathrin nivon and rim

annûn

sunset

annûn (west), pl. ennŷn

annûn

sunset

(west), pl. ennŷn

gwaedh

oath

1. gwaedh (i **waedh) (bond, troth, compact), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaedh). 2) gwest (i **west, in gwist)

Teler

noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri

adan

noun. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men)

adanadar

noun. man, one of the Fathers of Men

adanath

noun. men

athan

preposition. beyond

balannor

place name. Land of the Valar

Sindarin cognate of Q. Valinórë (PE17/26), a compound of BAL “power” (basis for S. Balan “Vala”) with S. dôr “land”.

Conceptual Development: The first cognates of ᴱQ. Valinor appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s: (rejected) G. Dor Banion and G. Gwalien (GL/21, LT2A/Valar). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, the cognate was N. Balannor (Ety/BAL), and this is the source of the derivation given above.

In a letter from 1972, Tolkien stated that Belain (plural of Balan) was not a word in Sindarin (Let/427). Furthermore, in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, he changed the Sindarin name for the “Annals of Valinor” from N. Inias Valannor to S. Ínias Dor-Rodyn (MR/200). It is possible that Tolkien decided that the normal Sindarin word for the Vala was S. Rodon, so that S. Dor-Rodyn was the equivalent of Valinor.

calben

noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")

calben

noun. all Elves but the Avari

drúadan

noun. wild man, one of the Woses

drû

noun. wild man, Wose, Púkel-Man

In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appeared as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word

dîr

noun. man, man, [N.] adult male; agental suffix

A word for “man” as a male person, attested only as an element in compounds or as (archaic?) ndir (PE17/60). This word likely refers to male individuals of all races including Elves, Men, Dwarves and so forth, much like its Quenya cognate Q. nér. This word must have been derived from the primitive subjective form ✶ndēr of the root √N(D)ER “male person”, where the ancient long ē became ī, and the initial cluster nd- became d-, though the ancient cluster would still be reflected in mutated forms, such as in i nîr “the man” rather than ✱✱i dhîr.

Conceptual Development: Perhaps the earliest precursor to this word is (archaic) G. †drio “hero, warrior” with variants driw, driodweg and driothweg, a cognate of ᴱQ. nēr (GL/22). This Gnomish word was derived from primitive ᴱ✶n’reu̯, where the initial nr- became dr-. At this early stage, the root was unstrengthened ᴱ√NERE (QL/65), as reflected in (archaic) ᴱN. nîr “hero, prince, warrior-elf” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/164).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root became ᴹ√DER “adult male, man” of any speaking race and the derived form was N. dîr (Ety/DER). However, in this document Tolkien said:

> EN †dîr surviving chiefly in proper names (as Diriel older Dirghel [GYEL], Haldir, Brandir) and as agental ending (as ceredir “doer, maker”) ... In ordinary use EN has benn [for “man”] (properly = “husband”).

Thus in the scenario described in The Etymologies, dîr “man” was archaic and used only as an element in names or as a suffix. In ordinary speech it was replaced by N. benn, which used to mean “husband” but now meant “man”, while the word for “husband” became N. hervenn (Ety/BES). It is unlikely Tolkien imagined this exact scenario in later Sindarin, however, since the 1930s root for benn was ᴹ√BES “wed”, but by the 1960s the root for husband/wife/marry words had become √BER.

Neo-Sindarin: Since the status of N. benn is questionable given ᴹ√BES >> √BER, many Neo-Sindarin writers prefer to use S. ✱dîr as the Sindarin word for man. I am of the opinion that both dîr and benn are acceptable for “man, male person”. This is because I prefer to retain ᴹ√BES as the root for “marry, wed”, since it is the best basis for attested husband/wife words in (Neo) Sindarin.

edhel

noun. Elf

edhel

noun. Elf

_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen

edhel

Elf

pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel

edhel

Elf

{ð} _n. _Elf.

edhel

Elf

d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.

edhelharn

noun. elf-stone

egladhrim

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

eglath

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

ell

noun. elf

n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.

elleth

noun. elf-maid

ellon

noun. elf

elvellon

noun. elf-friend

galadhrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

glinnel

noun. Elf, one of the Teleri

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

gódhel

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

gódhellim

noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk

iathrim

noun. Elves of Doriath

lachend

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

lachenn

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

laegel

noun. a Green Elf

laegeldrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

laegrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

miniel

noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar

mornedhel

noun. Dark-Elf

moth

noun. dusk

suil

noun. greeting

Deduced from Arassuil, conceivably aran+suil. For the meaning, see suilad

suilad

gerund noun. greeting

suilad

noun. greeting

@@@ Ellanto and Luinyelle suggested this might be an ordinary noun rather than a gerund in a 2023 Discord conversation: discord.com

suilannad

gerund noun. greeting, giving of greetings

tawarwaith

noun. Silvan elves

telerrim

noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves

ódhel

noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk

ódhellim

noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk

adan

man

(pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.

athar

beyond

1. *athar (across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. 2) (adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, over)

athar

beyond

(across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation.

bôr

trusty man

(boron-) (i vôr, construct bor) (steadfast man, faithful vassal), pl. *b**ŷr* for older beryn, i meryn (archaic böryn, i möryn). In ”Noldorin”, the older pl. forms were berein, beren.

curunír

man of craft

(i gurunír, o churunír) (wizard), no distinct pl. form except with article (i churunír), coll. pl. ?curuníriath.

dîr

man

1. (adult male of any speaking race) dîr (dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”. 2) (mortal human as opposed to Elf) Adan (pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.

dîr

man

(dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”.

dû

dusk

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

edhel

elf

edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

firion

mortal man

(pl. firyn).

gwaedh

oath

(i ’waedh) (bond, troth, compact), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaedh).

moth

dusk

1. moth (i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read *môth with a long vowel. 2) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

moth

dusk

(i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read ✱môth with a long vowel.

rhavan

wild man

(?i thravan or ?i ravan – the lenition product of rh is uncertain), pl. rhevain (?idh revain) (WJ:219). – The following terms apparently apply to ”men” of any speaking race:

suilad

greeting

suilad (i huilad, o suilad), pl. suilaid (i suilaid)

suilad

greeting

(i huilad, o suilad), pl. suilaid (i suilaid)

thalion

dauntless man

(hero), pl. thelyn. Also used as an adj. ”dauntless, steadfast, strong”. 

thar

beyond

(across, athwart, over)

tinnu

dusk

tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

tinnu

dusk

(i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

númë

noun. west

númenórë

place name. Westernesse, (lit.) West-land

The island-continent where the Edain settled after the fall of Beleriand (LotR/1035, S/261), often appearing in its shorter form Númenor. It is generally translated as “Westernesse” (LotR/194, S/261) but more literally means “West-land” (Let/224, RC/778). It is a compound of númen “west” and nórë “land” (Let/361).

Conceptual Development: In the very first draft of the Fall of Númenor, this name was given as ᴹQ. Númar or ᴹQ. Númenos (LR/11), but in the next draft these became the name its capital city, and the name Númenor emerged as the name of the land (LR/14). The full form ᴹQ. Númenóre appeared in The Etymologies, already with the derivation discussed above (Ety/NDŪ). It also appeared in an adjectival form Númenórea in linguistic notes from the 1930s (PE22/19).

anducal

masculine name. *Light of the West

The name assumed by Herucalmo, husband of queen Tar-Vanimeldë, when he withheld the throne of Númenor from his son Alcarin (UT/222). This name seems to be a combination of the prefix andú- “West” (as in Andúril) and cala “light”, so perhaps it means “✱Light of the West”.

andú-

prefix. going down, setting (of sun), west

A prefix having to do with going down, setting (of sun) and the west (PE17/18) based on √NDU “descend”. See, for example, Andúril “Flame of the West” (LotR/277; PE17/34) or Andustar “Westlands” (UT/165).

andúnë

place name. The West

A name for the Uttermost West as a region, appearing in the Namárië poem (LotR/377). It is simply andúnë “sunset, west” used as a proper name.

andúril

proper name. Flame of the West

The name of Aragorn’s sword after it was reforged (LotR/277), rechristened from its original name Narsil. This new name is a combination of the prefix andú- “west” and the root √RIL “brilliance” (PE17/35, 47). It was translated “Flame of the West” (LotR/277, Let/425).

Conceptual Development: Aragorn’s sword was long called Branding in Lord of the Rings drafts, and ᴹQ. Andúril did not appear until a late typescript (WR/370).

herunúmen

masculine name. Lord of the West

Tar-Herunúmen was the (somewhat heretical) Quenya name of the 20th ruler of Númenor, more commonly known by his Adûnaic name Ad. Ar-Adûnakhôr (S/267). His name is a compound of heru “lord” and númen “west”.

Conceptual Development: In the unfinished stories “The Lost Road” and “Notion Club Papers” from the 1930s and 40s, Tolkien used the term ᴹQ. Herunúmen to refer to the Valar as Lords of the West (LR/47, SD/310). Its use as a name of Adûnakhôr did not occur until The Lord of the Rings appendices were written (PM/164, note #11).

nú-

prefix. going down, setting (of sun), west

A prefix having to do with going down, setting (of sun) and the west (PE17/18) based on √NDU “descend”. See, for example, Hyarnustar “Southwestlands” (UT/165).

númellótë

masculine name. Flower of the West

The secret Quenya birth-name of Inziladûn translated “Flower of the West”, later called Tar-Palantir when he became the 24th ruler of Númenor (UT/227). This name is a compound of númen “west” and lótë “flower”, with the final -n of númen assimilate to the l.

númen

noun. west, direction or region of the sunset, occident, (lit.) going down

The word númen or núme was the Quenya word for “west” for much of Tolkien’s life, and was also the name of tengwa #17 (LotR/1123). It is a combination of √N(D)Ū “go down” and √MEN “way” (PE17/64; Ety/NDŪ, MEN), so originally meaning “going down” or “way of the setting sun” (Let/361) in the same way that rómen “east” is the direction of the rising sun. Q. númen is thus similar in origin to English “occident”. As a standalone word it is usually númen, but in compounds or with inflections it is frequently reduced to núme-. For the Elves, númen is considered the primary direction, since it points towards Aman where the Two Trees were (LotR/1123; VT49/8).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. nūme “west” dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where it appeared under the early root ᴱ√NUHU “bow, bend down. stoop, sink” (QL/68). The form númen did not appear as an independent word until The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/MEN), and númen was already the name of tengwa #17 in the earliest version of notes on The Feanorian Alphabet (PE22/23).

númendil

masculine name. *Friend of the West

17th lord of Andúnië, grandfather of Elendil (UT/223). His name is a compound of númen “west” and the suffix -(n)dil “-friend”.

númerrámar

proper name. West-wings

The ship in which Aldarion first sailed from Númenor to Middle-earth, translated “West-wings” (UT/175). It is a compound of númen “west” and the plural of ráma “wing”, with the final -n of númen assimilated to the r.

soronúmë

proper name. *Eagle of the West

Name of a constellation (S/48). It seems to be a compound of the prefixal form soron- of soron “eagle” and a shorter form of númen “west”, perhaps meaning “✱Eagle of the West”.

Andúril

flame of the west

Andúril noun "Flame of the West", sword-name (LotR1:II ch. 3)

Nunduinë

west-flow

Nunduinë noun *"West-flow", name of a river in Númenor (UT:168). Compare nuinë. Since this comes from earlier duine, the name appears with the d intact following n: The initial element of Nunduinë is #nún, q.v.

Núaran

west-king

Núaran noun "West-king"; Núaran Númenoren "West-king of Númenor"; changed (according to LR:71) to Núraran Númenen, *"West-king of the West" (all of this is "Qenya" with genitive in -n instead of -o, as in Tolkien's later Quenya) (LR:60)

Númen(n)órë

people of the west

Númen(n)órë noun "people of the west", confused with Númendor "land of the west" (SA:dôr); hence Númenor as the name of the great isle given to the Edain by the Valar (FS, LR:56); full form Númenórë (LR:47, SD:247, NDŪ); allative númenórenna "to Númenor" (LR:56)

Númendor

land of the west

Númendor noun "land of the west", confused with and replaced by Númen(n)órë "people of the west" (SA:dôr)

Númerrámar

west-wings

Númerrámar noun "West-wings", name of a ship (Númen + rámar, note assimilation nr > rr) (UT:175)

Númevalion

of the west-powers

Númevalion noun *"of the West-powers" (SD:290); cf. Valion

Tarnumen

high west

[Tarnumen] place-name *"High west" (???) (VT45:38)

andú-

going down, setting (of sun), west

andú-, nú- "going down, setting (of sun), west" (PE17:18), element underlying words like the following, and also núna (q.v.)

andúnë

sunset, west, evening

andúnë noun "sunset, west, evening" (NDŪ, Markirya, SA), also in Namárië: Andúnë "West" (but the standard Quenya translation of "west" is Númen) (Nam, RGEO:66) Cf. andu- in Andúnië, Andúril.

númeheru

lord of the west

#númeheru noun "Lord of the West" (númë + heru), attested in these inflected forms: 1) númeheruen "of [the] Lord of the West" (Manwë) (SD:290); this is "Qenya" with genitive in -en instead of -o as in LotR-style Quenya; 2) pl. númeheruvi "Lords-of-West" ("West-lords" = Valar) in SD:246.

númen

west, the way of the sunset

númen noun "west, the way of the sunset" (SA:andúnë, cf. NDŪ, MEN; capitalized Númen under SA:men and in CO), "going down, occudent" (Letters:361), also name of tengwa #17 _(Appendix E). _According to VT45:38, the word is actually cited as "nú-men" in Tolkien's Etymologies manuscript. Allative númenna "Westward" (LR:47, SD:310, VT49:20, capitalized Númenna, VT49:22; numenna with a short u, VT49:23); adj. númenquerna "turned westward" (VT49:18, 20). See also númenyaron, númessier. - In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, "nú-men" was intended as the name of tengwa #21, to which letter Tolkien at this stage assigned the value n (VT45:38). However, this tengwa was later given the Quenya value r instead and was renamed órë.

númenyaron

of the lords [valar] of the west

númenyaron inflected adj. used as noun?, a word occurring in a phrase from an earlier version of Fíriel's Song, Valion númenyaron, "of the Lords [Valar] of the West". But númenyaron cannot simply mean "of the West"; it seems to be the plural genitive of númenya "western", hence literally *"of the western (things, persons, realms)" or "of the Westerners".

númessier

they are in the west

númessier vb. "they are in the west", a construction occurring in Fíriel's Song, evidently núme(n)-ssë-ie-r "west-in-are-they"; the stative-verb suffix -ië is probably not valid in LotR-style Quenya (FS)

númëa

in the west

númëa adj. "in the West" (actually an adjective *"western", in Tolkien's later Quenya also númenya)(LT1:263)

nunduinë

place name. *West River

A river in Western Númenor (UT/168), probably a compound of núna “western” and -(n)duinë “(large) river”.

andúnë pella vardo nu luini tellumar

West beyond [the borders of] Varda’s under blue domes

The 5th phrase of the prose Namárië. Tolkien altered the text from the poetic version as follows:

> Andúnë pella Vardo tellumar nu luini >> Andúnë pella Vardo nu luini tellumar

Tolkien moved the preposition and adjective nu luini “under blue” to be in front of the plural noun tellumar “domes” that it modifies. However, this separates the genitive modifier Vardo “Varda’s” from its noun, which is hard to explain. It might make more sense to place Vardo after the preposition nu “under” to give the complete noun phrase Vardo luini tellumar “Varda’s blue domes”, or perhaps moving it to the end as in luini tellumar Vardo “blue vaults of Varda” (which is the poetic translation):

> Andúnë pella Vardo nu luini tellumar »»» ✱Andúnë pella nu luini tellumar Vardo

The preposition pella “beyond” also presents some problems of interpretion, given that it follows the noun that it modifies. See the entry for Q. pella for further discussion.

andúnë pella vardo tellumar nu luini

beyond the West, beneath the blue vaults of Varda

Fifth and the beginning of the sixth lines @@@

nai tiruvantes i hárar mahalmassen mi númen

in the keeping of those who sit upon thrones of the West

Third phrase @@@

andúna

adjective. western

A longer variant of núna “western” (PE17/18), an adjectival form of andúnë “west”.

núna

adjective. western

An adjective for “western” appearing in Núnatani “Western Men” (PE17/18) based on √NDU “descend”.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. nūmea “in the West” based on ᴱQ. nūme “west” (QL/68).

núna

western

núna adj. "western" (PE17:18), compare the element #nún- "west(ern)" in certain compounds, such as Núnatani and Nunduinë, q.v. (in the latter word, ú is apparently shortened as u before a consonant cluster). Compare númen.

andúna

western

andúna adj. "western" (PE17:18)

númenya

western

númenya adj. "western" (NDŪ)

-ië

suffix. is

-ië (3) "is", -ier "are", stative verb suffix occurring in Fíriel's Song: númessier "they are in the west", meldielto "they are...beloved", talantië "he is fallen", márië "it is good" (< *númessë "in the west", melda "beloved", *talanta "fallen"); future tense -iéva in hostainiéva "will be gathered" (< *hostaina "gathered"). Compare ye "is", yéva "will be", verbs that also occur in Fíriel's Song. This suffix is probably not valid in LotR-style Quenya: -ië is an infinitival or gerundial ending in CO, for ye "is" Namárië has ná, and the phrase "lost is" is vanwa ná, not *vanwië.

númeta-

verb. get low (of the sun)

númeta- vb. "get low (of the Sun)" (also numenda-) (LT1:263; in Tolkien's later Quenya rather núta-); inflected númetar "set" ("went down in the West") (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

númë

going down, occident

númë noun "going down, occident" (Letters:361), "the West" (PE17:18), núme- "west" (VT45:38, LT1:263), "the West" In númeheruen and numeheruvi, q.v.

pella

beyond

pella "beyond", apparently a postposition rather than a preposition: Andúnë pella "beyond the West", elenillor pella "from beyond the stars" (Nam, RGEO:66, Markirya) In one version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, Tolkien used pell' (evidently an elided form of pella) as a _preposition, but this version was abandoned (VT43:13)_

valinórë

place name. Land of the Valar

Land of the Valar within Aman (S/37), a compound of Vali, an archaic plural of Vala, and nórë “land” (SA/val, dôr). It usually appeared in the shorter form Valinor. In older Quenya, this name would have meant “Valian folk”, but it was blended with archaic Valandor to get its current meaning (PE17/20, SA/dôr).

Conceptual Development: The name ᴱQ. Valinor appears in the earliest Lost Tales with essentially the same form and meaning (LT1/70), and its long form Valinōre appeared in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/66). The name ᴹQ. Valinor appeared in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/12, 80; LR/110, 205), and in The Etymologies it already had the same derivation as given above (Ety/BAL, NDOR).

In the earlier stages, the name Aman had not yet been invented, so Valinor referred to the entire land of the West, not just the land of the Valar within it.

See ✶Bali(a)nōrē for a discussion of its complex etymology.

andúnië

place name. Sunset

A city in western Númenor, “so called because it faced the sunset” (S/261). It is andúnë “sunset” with the abstract-noun suffix -ië.

Conceptual Development: The name ᴹQ. Andúnie appeared in the earliest tales of Númenor, first as a name for Númenor itself (LR/14), but soon changing to the name of a major city of that land (LR/25). At one point Tolkien considered changing this name to ᴹQ. Undúnië, but he soon rejected the idea (SD/333, SD/340 note #2).

Andúnië

sunset

Andúnië (apparently a variant form of andúnë) place-name, a city and port on the western coast of Númenor, said to mean "sunset". (Appendix A, Silm, UT:166, NDŪ/VT45:38)

Quende#

noun. Elf

Elf

andúne

noun. sunset

sunset

han

beyond

han prep. "beyond" (compare the _postposition pella of similar meaning) (VT43:14)_

han

preposition. beyond

A word for “beyond” in the final version of the Átaremma prayer of the 1950s in the phrase Átaremma i ëa han Eä, equivalent to “our Father who art in Heaven” but more literally “✱who is beyond Creation” (VT43/12). This word also appeared with the gloss “beyond” in notes from around 1970 as a derivative of √HAN “add to, increase, enhance, honour (espec. by gift)” (VT43/14).

histë

dusk

histë noun "dusk" (LT1:255)

hísë

dusk

hísë (2) noun "dusk" (LT1:255). A "Qenya" form possibly obsoleted by #1 above.

lér

man

**lér noun "man" (NI1; hypothetical Q form of PQ dēr; the form actually used in Quenya was nér)

lómë

dusk, twilight

lómë noun "dusk, twilight", also "night"; according to SD:415, the stem is lómi- (contrast the "Qenya" genitive lómen rather than **lómin in VT45:28). According to PE17:152, lómë refers to night "when viewed favourably, as a rule, but it became the general rule" (cf. SD:414-415 regarding lōmi as an Adûnaic loan-word based on lómë, meaning "fair night, a night of stars" with "no connotations of gloom or fear"). In the battle-cry auta i lómë "the night is passing" (Silm. ch. 20), the "night" would however seem to refer metaphorically to the reign of Morgoth. As for the gloss, cf. Lómion masc. name "Child of Twilight [dusk]", the Quenya name Aredhel secretly gave to Maeglin _(SA). Otherwise lómë is usually defined as "night" (Letters:308, LR:41, SD:302 cf.414-15, SA:dú)_; the _Etymologies defines lómë as "Night [as phenomenon], night-time, shades of night, Dark" (DO3/DŌ, LUM, DOMO, VT45:28), or "night-light" (VT45:28, reading of _lómë uncertain). In early "Qenya" the gloss was "dusk, gloom, darkness" (LT1:255). Cf. lómelindëpl. lómelindi "nightingale" _(SA:dú, LR:41; SD:302, MR:172, DO3/DŌ, LIN2, TIN). _Derived adjective #lómëa "gloomy" in Lómëanor "Gloomyland"; see Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna...

numenda-

verb. get low (of the sun)

numenda- vb. "get low (of the Sun)" (also númeta-) (LT1:263; in Tolkien's later Quenya núta-)

ná

is

ná (1) vb. "is" (am). (Nam, RGEO:67). This is the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns "in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another" (VT49:28). Also in impersonal constructions: ringa ná "it is cold" (VT49:23). The copula may however be omitted "where the meaning is clear" without it (VT49:9). Ná is also used as an interjection "yes" or "it is so" (VT49:28). Short na in airë [] na, "[] is holy" (VT43:14; some subject can evidently be inserted in the place of [].) Short na also functions as imperative: alcar mi tarmenel na Erun "glory in high heaven be to God" (VT44:32/34), also na airë "be holy" (VT43:14); also cf. nai "be it that" (see nai #1). The imperative participle á may be prefixed (á na, PE17:58). However, VT49:28 cites ná as the imperative form. Pl. nar or nár "are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 9, 30); dual nát (VT49:30). With pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë "I am", nalyë or natyë "you (sg.) are" (polite and familiar, respectively), nás "it is", násë "(s)he is", nalmë "we are" (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps to be taken as representing the aorist: nain, naityë, nailyë (1st person sg, and 2nd person familiar/polite, respectively); does a following na represent the aorist with no pronominal ending? However, the forms nanyë, nalyë, ná, nassë, nalme, nar (changed from nár) are elsewhere said to be "aorist", without the extra vowel i (e.g. nalyë rather than nailyë); also notice that *"(s)he is" is here nassë rather than násë (VT49:30).Pa.t. nánë or né "was", pl. náner/nér and dual nét "were" (VT49:6, 9, 10, 27, 28, 30, 36). According to VT49:31, né "was" cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë "he was" is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen "I was", anel "you were", anes "(s)he/it was" (VT49:28-29). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 27; another version however gives the future tense as uva, VT49:30). Nauva with a pronominal ending occurs in tanomë nauvan "I will be there" (VT49:19), this example indicating that forms of the verb ná may also be used to indicate position. Perfect anaië "has been" (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). Infinitive (or gerund) návë "being", PE17:68. See also nai #1.

nér

man

nér (1) (ner-, as in pl. neri) noun "man" (adult male elf, mortal, or of other speaking race) (MR:213, VT49:17, DER, NDER, NI1, VT45:9; see also WJ:393)

nér

noun. man

ompa

forward

ompa adv. "forward" (VT49:12), also póna

póna

forward

póna adv. "forward" (VT49:12), also ompa

póna

adverb. forward

The words pōna, ompa “forward” appeared in notes from 1969 associated with the Ambidexters Sentence based on pō or opo “in front” (VT49/12). As pointed out by Patrick Wynne these are probably allative forms, from ✱pō-na and ✱op-na respectively.

quendë

elf

quendë noun "Elf", the little-used analogical sg. of Quendi, q.v. (KWEN(ED), WJ:361)

tar

beyond

tar (2) prep. "beyond" (FS)

usque

noun. dusk

dusk

usque

noun. dusk, twilight

valandor

place name. Land of the Valar

An archaic name for Valinórë (SA/dôr, PE17/26), a compound of Vala and the suffix -ndor “land”.

vanda

oath, pledge, solemn promise

vanda (1) noun "oath, pledge, solemn promise" (CO)

vëo

man

†vëo noun "man" (WEG; etymologically connected to vëa "manly, vigorous"; the more neutral word for "man" is nér. According to VT46:21, Tolkien indicated that vëo is an archaic or poetic word.) Tolkien at a later point defined the word as "living creature" (PE17:189). Cf. variant wëo, q.v.

ye

is

ye (2) copula "is" (FS, VT46:22); both earlier and later sources rather point to ná (q.v.) as the copula "is", so ye may have been an experiment Tolkien later abandoned. Future tense yéva, q.v.

úyë

is

úyë vb., a form occurring in Fíriel's Song (cf. VT46:22), apparently ye "is" with the negative prefix ú-, hence "is not" (úyë sérë indo-ninya símen, translated "my hearth resteth not here", literally evidently *"[there] is not rest [for] my heart here")

suilië

noun. greeting

adûn

noun. west, westward

A noun meaning “west(ward)” (SD/435, PE17/18). Tolkien stated that was “a loan word from Eldarin speech in the language of the Folk of Hador, from which Númenórean was later derived” (PE17/18). Probably it is derived from S. dûn “west”, as suggested by several authors (AAD/9, EotAL/NDU). Tolkien stated that it was an adjective and its proper noun form was adûni (SD/435), but adûn was used as a noun in phrases such as Bârîm an-adûn “Lords of the West” (SD/247).

adûnakhôr

masculine name. Lord of the West

Son of Ar-Abattârik and the 20th ruler of Númenor, whose Quenya name was Herunúmen. In both languages, his name (somewhat heretically) means “Lord of the West” (LotR/1036, S/267). Its first element adûn means “west”, which implies that its second element means “lord”, but it isn’t clear whether this element is ✱akhôr or ✱khôr. I think that khôr is more likely, because it resembles the Primitive Elvish root √KHER “rule, govern, possess”, to which it may be related.

adūn batān akhaini ezendi

West road lay straight

The first draft of the 11th phrase of the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/312). It resembles the final version, but is missing the adverb tâidô and has the verb khay- “to lie” instead of yad- “to go”.

The first two words adūn “west” and batān “road” are the same as in the final version. The verb form akhaini “lay” seems to be the draft-perfect tense of the verb #khay- “to lie”. The word ezendi “straight” (instead of later izindi) appears at the end, perhaps functioning as an adverb.

bârim an-adûn yurahtam dâira sâibêth-mâ êruvô

Lords of [the] West, they rent [the] Earth with assent from Eru

The 4th phrase of the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/247). One major conceptual change from earlier versions was that the subject of the sentence was plural Bârim an-Adûn (“Lords of the West”) instead of the earlier singular Bârun an-Adûn (“Lord of the West”). It seems that Tolkien decided that the drowning of Númenor was attributed to all of the Valar rather than just Manwë. A similar change from singular to plural was made in the corresponding Quenya sentence: herunūmen >> númeheruvi.

The subject Bârim of this sentence is the subjective plural of bâr “lord”. It is modified by the adjectival phrase an-Adûn “of the West”, with the genitive prefix an- “of” added to the noun adûn. The verb has the 3rd-plural suffix yu- “they”. In the grammatical rules of Lowdham’s Report this makes the subject emphatic, with a meaning more like “It was the Lords of the West who broke the Earth...” (SD/429).

The verb form rahtam is the aorist tense of rahat- “to break” with the verb plural suffix -m. The object of the sentence, dâira “Earth”, is in the normal-case.

The base sentence is modified by the prepositional phrase sâibêth-mâ Êruvô “with assent from Eru”. The combination sâibêth-mâ is the word sâibêth “assent” and the prepositional suffix -mâ “with”. The final word Êruvô is the name Êru and the prepositional suffix -ô “of”, with the usual glide-consonant [w] (which was sometimes written “v” as mentioned on SD/434) between the u and the following suffix.

bārun-adūnō rakkhatū kamāt sōbēthumā eruvō

the Lord of West broke asunder earth assent-with of God

The first draft of the 4th phrase of the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/311). It differs considerably from the final version:

• The subject is singular “Lord” rather than plural “Lords”, as is the case with the second draft as well.

• The adjectival phrase adūnō “of the West” uses the draft-genitive case instead of the later genitive prefix an-.

• The verb form is rakkhatū, perhaps the draft past tense of an early version rakhat- of the verb rahat-. It later changed >> urahhata >> urahta >> yurahta. It is glossed “broke asunder” rather than simply “broke” as in later versions.

• The word for “Earth” is kamāt rather than later dâira.

• In the final phrase sōbēthumā eruvō “assent-with of God”, the two words are likely declined into the draft-instrumental and draft-genitive cases, respectively.

inziladûn

masculine name. Flower of the West

Son of Ar-Gimilzôr and Inzilbêth and the 24th ruler of Númenor, whose Quenya name was Tar-Palantir “The Farsighted” (LotR/1035). The meaning of his Adûnaic name is “Flower of the West” (UT/227), so he is an example of a Númenorean ruler whose Adûnaic and Quenya names had different meanings. The name Inziladûn was his given name and he adopted Palantir when he ascended the throne.

As pointed out by Andreas Moehn (EotAL/JIL), the ordering of the elements in this name are inconsistent with the rules outlined in Lowdham’s Report, which indicate that the adjectival element “West” should come before the noun “Flower” that it modifies (SD/428), so that the name properly should be ✱Adûninzil, similar to Adûnakhôr “Lord of the West”. The name as written would mean “West of the Flower”. Perhaps Tolkien relaxed or altered those rules in his later writings.

narîka ’nbâri ’nadûn yanâkhim

The Eagles of the Lords of the West are at hand

An isolated Adûnaic sentence in “The Notion Club Papers” story (SD/251). Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne suggested (VSH/26) that this same sentence is mentioned previously on SD/231 where Lowdham speaks in “an unknown tongue”, and then cries out in English “Behold the Eagles of the Lords of the West! They are coming over Nūmenōr!”. If so, this provides another translation of the phrase.

The first word, Narîka “Eagles” seems to be the subjective plural of #narak “eagle”, but is unusual in that it is declined as if it were a neuter noun. The names of animals are generally common-nouns (SD/426). Perhaps when this sentence was written, Tolkien had not yet fleshed out the Adûnaic gender rules.

Narîka is modified by the noun phrase ’nBâri “of the Lords”, which is a combination of the genitive prefix an- “of” (elided) and the plural of the noun bâr “lord”. This is also unusual in that it uses the short i rather than the long î for the plural, another sign that this may be an early sentence (the Adûnaic draft-plural often used a short i).

The phrase is further modified by ’nAdûn “of the West”, another instance of an elided genitive an- prefixed to the noun adûn “west”.

The verb yanâkhim is glossed “are at hand”. Its initial element ya- is likely the third neuter person plural pronominal suffix “they” and it ends with the normal plural verb suffix -m. This leaves the verb form nâkhi, which seems to be an inflection of the verb nakh- “come”. A literal interpretation might be “✱The Eagles of the Lords of the West are coming”, as supported by the second translation mentioned above, so that this is an example of the Adûnaic continuative-present tense. This analysis of yanâkhim was suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (VSH/27).

adûni

noun. the West

According to Tolkien, this is the proper noun form of the adjective adûn “west” (SD/435), though adûn is used as a noun in some examples as well.

adûn izindi batân tâidô ayadda

[the] road west once went straight, (lit.) west straight road once went

The 11th phrase of the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/247), whose word order varied considerably in the different drafts of the text. The first two words are the adjectives adûn “west” and izindi “straight, right, true”. They modify the subject batân “road, path, way”, which is in the normal-case rather than the subjective. This is consistent with the grammatical rules of Lowdham’s Report, since the verb ayadda has a pronominal suffix a- “✱it” (SD/429).

The fourth word is an adverb tâidô “once, then”. The verb form yadda seems to be the past tense of #yad- “to go”, functioning here as a pluperfect (see SD/439). This makes sense in the narrative, since this sentence describes the previous state (the road west going straight to Valinor) while the next sentence uses the aorist tense to describe the current state (all roads being bent around the now-round world).

Tolkien’s glosses match the word order of the Adûnaic sentence: “west straight road once went”. This might be rendered in more ordinary English as “[the] road west once went straight”.

The previous (second draft) version of this sentence had more differences from the final version than any other sentence in the second draft (SD/312). It had a different word order, with the adjective izindi “straight” appearing directly before the verb, perhaps functioning as an adverb. It has ēluk instead of tâidô and the verb form yadda is missing the pronominal prefix a-. Unfortunately, Christopher Tolkien did not publish the English glosses for this sentence, so it is hard to decipher the meaning (if any) of these differences.

anadûnê

place name. Westernesse

The Adûnaic name for Númenor (Q. Númenórë), with the same meaning as its Quenya name: “Westernesse” (S/261). In The Silmarillion appendix, Christopher Tolkien stated that is it a loan word from Elvish (SA/andúnë). According to J.R.R. Tolkien’s own writing (SD/426), this is true, albeit not directly. Anadûnê is a feminized form of the adjective anadûni “western, of the west”, which is itself related to S. dûn “west”.

anadûni

adjective. western

An adjective translated “western” formed from the noun adûni “the West” which was in turn formed from the adjective adûn “west”; the initial an- was the genitival prefix (SD/435). This adjective anadûni was in turn femininized to produce the place name Anadûnê “Westeresse, Númenor”.

Inziladûn

Inziladûn

The word inziladûn is an Adûnaic word meaning "flower of the west", derived from inzil, "flower", and adûn, "west". However, as inzil comes first, it is standing in object position; the meaning actually is "West of the Flower".

numē-n

noun. sunset, west

ṇdūnē

noun. sunset

lā̆

preposition/adverb. beyond

ndē̆r

noun. man

us(u)kwē

noun. dusk

Danas

noun. Green-elves, Nandor

In Etym derived from the stem DAN (LR:353), simply defined as an "element found in names of the Green-elves", and tentatively compared to NDAN "back" (since the Nandor "turned back" and did not complete the march to the Sea). Tolkien's later view on the derivation of the name of the Green-elves, as set down in WJ:412, is that the stem dan- and its strengthened form ndan- do indeed have a similar meaning: these forms have to do with "the reversal of an action, so as to undo or nullify its effect", and a primitive form ndandô, "one who goes back on his word or decision", is suggested. However, it seems unlikely that the Nandor would have called themselves by such a name, and indeed Tolkien in WJ:385 states that "this people still called themselves by the old clan-name Lindai [= Quenya Lindar], which had at that time taken the form Lindi in their tongue". It may be, then, that Tolkien had rejected the idea that the Nandor called themselves Danas. - As for the ending -as, it is probably to be compared to the Sindarin class plural ending -ath; indeed a Sindarin ("Noldorin") form Danath evidently closely corresponding to Danas is given in LR:353.

beorn

noun. man

The shift of e to eo is strange and has no direct parallels, but compare eo from i in meord "fine rain" (< primitive mizdê). Normally final -ô becomes -â in Nandorin (see golda), but here it is simply lost instead of producing *beorna. C.f. meord the other word where we might have expected to see a final -a (in that case from -ê); it may be that final vowels are lost in words that would otherwise come to have more than two syllables. - The shift of primitive s to r in besnô > beorn may be ascribed primarily to the blending with ber(n)ô, but r from z is seen in meord < mizdê; perhaps the s of besnô first became z and then r. Such developments are common in Quenya.

cwenda

noun. elf

A doubtful word according to Tolkien's later conception; in the branch of Eldarin that Nandorin belongs to, primitive KW became P far back in Elvish linguistic history [WJ:375 cf. 407 note 5]. This was not a problem in Tolkien's earlier conception, in which the Danians came from the host of the Noldor, not the Teleri [see PM:76; the idea of the Nandor being of Noldorin origin also occurs in VT47:29]. In his later version of Nandorin, the word cwenda is probably best ignored; simply emending it to *penda would produce a clash with primitive pendâ "sloping" [cf. WJ:375].

In the Etymologies, Tolkien derived cwenda from kwenedê "elf" (stem KWEN(ED) of similar meaning, LR:366; as for the shift of original final -ê to Nandorin -â, compare hrassa "precipice" from khrassê). But later the primitive word that yielded Quenya Quende was reconstructed as kwende (WJ:360).

No certain example shows how original short final -e comes out in Nandorin, so we cannot say whether kwende is also capable of yielding cwenda, ignoring the question of kw failing to become p.

galadrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

Note: "The Galadrim were 'Tree-people' (though the formation is Sindarin, + S [rim] = Q rimbë, great number) = true Sindarin galadhrim."