Quenya 

felya

noun. mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling], mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; [ᴹQ.] cave

A word for “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]” in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 with Sindarin cognate S. fela, both derived from ✶phelgā (PE17/118). In the same note Tolkien seemed to consider replacing it with felco “cave, mine, underground dwelling” from the root √PHELEK.

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴹQ. felya “cave” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√PHELEG, with cognate N. fela (Ety/PHÉLEG). The latter form also appeared in notes from 1969 as S. fela “minor excavations, den”, again derived from ✶phelga indicating √PHELEK was a transient idea (NM/304).

Neo-Quenya: I prefer the root form √PHELEG over √PHELEK and thus would retain felya, but I would keep its 1957 meaning “mine, boring, tunnel” rather than adopting the 1969 Sindarin sense “den”.

Cognates

  • S. fela “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den, mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den; [N.] cave” ✧ PE17/118

Derivations

  • ✶phelgā “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]; minor excavations, temporary dwellings” ✧ PE17/118
    • √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ NM/304; PE17/118

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶phelgā > felya[pʰelgā] > [ɸelgā] > [ɸelɣā] > [ɸeljā] > [ɸelja] > [felja]✧ PE17/118

rotto

noun. small grot, tunnel, tunnel, small grot, [ᴹQ.] cave

A word glossed “tunnel, small grot” derived from the root √s-rot (PM/365 note #56), appearing in 1959 notes discussing the origin of the name of Felagund, which in that document based on a Khuzdul name. The English word “grot” is an archaic form of “grotto”, referring to a cave.

Conceptual Development: There are a number of similar “cave” words in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from ᴱ√ROTO “hollow”, including ᴱQ. orot, ᴱQ. rótele, and ᴱQ. rotl, the last of these glossed “cave, hollow” with a deleted variant {rotta >> rotto} (QL/71, 80). This last word also appeared as ᴱQ. rotl “grot” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/80). ᴹQ. rotto “cave, tunnel” appeared under the root ᴹ√ROT “bore, tunnel”, a late entry to The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/ROT). This root reappeared as the basis for “cave” words a number of places in later writings (PE17/183; VT39/9; WJ/414-415), but the only later mention of rotto is the aforementioned 1959 note on Felagund, given above.

Cognates

  • S. groth “large excavation, delving, underground dwelling, large excavation, delving, underground dwelling; [N.] cave, tunnel, [G.] grot”

Derivations

  • ✶grottā “(large) excavation, underground dwelling”
    • √ROT “cave; delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow, delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow; [√]cave” ✧ VT39/09; WJ/414; WJ/415
  • √ROT “cave; delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow, delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow; [√]cave” ✧ PM/365

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√rot/s-rot > rotto[rotto]✧ PM/365

felehta-

verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine

An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.

Derivations

  • √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ PE17/118

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√PHELEK > felehta[pʰelektā] > [ɸelektā] > [ɸelextā] > [ɸelextā] > [felextā]✧ PE17/118

Variations

  • felehta ✧ PE17/118

rotto

cave, tunnel

rotto noun "cave, tunnel" (VT46:12), "a small grot or tunnel" (PM:365)

felya

cave

felya noun "cave" (PHÉLEG), "mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]" (PE17:118)

amya-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √AM “go up, go up, [ᴹ√] up” ✧ PE17/157

Elements

WordGloss
-ya“verbal suffix”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√AM > amya[amja-]✧ PE17/157

Variations

  • amya ✧ PE17/157 (amya)

arra

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √SRAG “awkward, awry; hard, (very) difficult” ✧ PE17/172

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√SRA-G > asra > arra[asra] > [azra] > [arra]✧ PE17/172

assa

hole, perforation, opening, mouth

assa "hole, perforation, opening, mouth" (GAS)

cairë

?. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • S. caer “*flat isle on a river, [N.] flat isle on a river” ✧ PE17/101

Derivations

  • √KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell” ✧ PE17/101

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KAYA > caire[kaire]✧ PE17/101

Variations

  • caire ✧ PE17/101

conta-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √KOM “gather, collect” ✧ PE17/157

Elements

WordGloss
-ta“causative verb suffix”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KOM > conta[komta-] > [konta-]✧ PE17/157

Variations

  • conta ✧ PE17/157 (conta)

cúma

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • S. cû “bow, bow; [N.] arch, crescent; [G.] waxing or waning moon” ✧ PE17/122

Derivations

  • ✶kūma ✧ PE17/122
    • √KU(H) “bow, [ᴱ√] bend”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶kūma > cúma[kūma]✧ PE17/122

ecca

hole

ecca ("k")noun "hole", apparently associated with Sindarin torech "secret hole, lair" (PE17:188)

felca

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ PE17/118

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√PHELEK > felca[pʰelka] > [ɸelka] > [felka]✧ PE17/118

felco

cave, mine, underground dwelling

felco noun "cave, mine, underground dwelling" (PE17:118); also felca, felehta

finca

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • S. fing “lock of hair” ✧ PE17/017

Derivations

  • ✶phinik ✧ PE17/017
    • √SPIN(ID) “fine thread, filament; hair” ✧ PE17/017

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶finik/fink > finca[pʰinika] > [pʰinka] > [pʰiŋka] > [ɸiŋka] > [fiŋka]✧ PE17/017

Variations

  • finca ✧ PE17/017

hendas

?. [unglossed]

Element in

  • Q. calma hendas “*light in the eyes” ✧ PMCH/02; TMME/192
Quenya [PMCH/02; TMME/192] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hindo

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √KHIN “child” ✧ PE17/157

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KHIN > hindo[kʰindo] > [xindo] > [hindo]✧ PE17/157

hindë

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √KHIN “child” ✧ PE17/157

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KHIN > hinde[kʰinde] > [xinde] > [hinde]✧ PE17/157

Variations

  • hinde ✧ PE17/157 (hinde)

holdë

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √SKOL “shut, close” ✧ PE17/098

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KHOL > holde[kʰolde] > [xolde] > [holde]✧ PE17/098

Variations

  • holde ✧ PE17/098

háro

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶khādo > hāzo > hāro[kʰādo] > [xādo] > [xāðo] > [hāðo] > [hāro]✧ PE22/148

Variations

  • hāro ✧ PE22/148

latta

hole, pit

latta (1) noun "hole, pit" (DAT/DANT, VT45:8)

lingi-

verb. [unglossed]

maitya

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • mahtya ✧ PE19/084 (mahtya)

malsa

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶maslā > malsa[maslā] > [malsā] > [malsa]✧ PE19/101

melya-

verb. [unglossed], *to be in love

Derivations

  • √MEL “love, love, [ᴹ√] love (as friend)”

naue

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶ndagwē > ndau̯we > nau̯we > naue[ndagwē] > [ndaɣwē] > [ndauwē] > [nauwē] > [naue]✧ PE19/094

Variations

  • nawe ✧ PE19/094 (nawe)

rotelë

cave

rotelë noun "cave" (LT2:347)

sal-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √SAL “[unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre” ✧ PE22/133

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√SAL > azálie[asālie] > [azālie]✧ PE22/133

sap-

dig

sap- or sapa- vb. "dig", pa.t. sampë (PE16:145, QL:82); cf. sampa, and sapsanta below.

sélo

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶steglō > thélo > þélo > sélo[steglō] > [θeglō] > [θeɣlō] > [θēlō] > [θēlo] > [sēlo]✧ PE19/095

sóla

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶soglā > sóla[soglā] > [soɣlā] > [sōlā] > [sōla]✧ PE19/095

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √STAR “*stiff, [ᴹ√] stiff” ✧ PE22/133

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√STAR > thar[star-] > [θar-]✧ PE22/133

Variations

  • thar ✧ PE22/133

tomba

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √TOM “of resonant sounds” ✧ PE17/138

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√TOM > tomba[tomba]✧ PE17/138

tompë

noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat

@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20

Derivations

  • √TOM “of resonant sounds” ✧ PE17/138

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√TOM > tompe[tompe]✧ PE17/138

Variations

  • tompe ✧ PE17/138

um(ba)-

prefix. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √UMU “not, expressing privation, not, expressing privation; [ᴹ√] negative stems” ✧ PE17/172
    • √Ū “denial of fact, privation, negative element, denial of fact, privation, negative element, [ᴱ√] not”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√UMU > um(ba)[umba-]✧ PE17/172

Variations

  • um(ba) ✧ PE17/172 (um(ba))

umbacarin

noun. [unglossed]

unquë

hole, hollow

unquë noun "hole, hollow" (VT46:20, UNUK), also name of tengwa #16 _(Appendix E; there spelt unque, while the Etymologies has unqe)_

éna

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ✶eñna ✧ PE19/097
    • √EÑ “be, exist”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶eñna > enna > éna[eŋna] > [enna]✧ PE19/097

úpa-

verb. [unglossed]

þúna

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ✶stuknā ✧ PE19/086
    • √STUK “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/086

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶stuknā > thúna[stuknā] > [stugnā] > [θugnā] > [θuŋnā] > [θūnā] > [θūna] > [sūna]✧ PE19/086

Variations

  • thúna ✧ PE19/086 (thúna)

Sindarin 

fela

noun. mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den, mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den; [N.] cave

A word for “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling” in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, but also explained in notes from 1969 as “minor excavations made by wild animals as dens or lairs” (NM/304). It was derived from primitive ✶phelgā (NM/304; PE17/118; Ety/PHÉLEG), and the final a in this word is the result of ancient ʒ (from g) become a when word-final after another consonant.

Abnormal Plural: This word has an abnormal plural form fili (NM/304; Ety/PHÉLEG): see the section on “Final a from ancient g” in the discussion of unusual plurals for more details.

Conceptual Development: This word was tied to the name of Felagund since its introduction in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. fela “cave” was derived from ON. phelga under the root ᴹ√PHELEG of the same meaning, already with the abnormal plural fili noted above (Ety/PHÉLEG). In Notes on Names (NN) from 1957, Tolkien again had S. fela from ✶phelgā, but there the gloss was “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]” (PE17/118). In this note Tolkien considered instead S. feleg “cave, mine, underground dwelling” as the basis for the name Felagund, derived instead from √PHELEK (PE17/118).

In a note from 1959, Tolkien gave a completely different etymology of Felagund as a loan word from Khuzdul Felakgundu “Cave Hewer” (PM/352), and this was the etymology Christopher Tolkien gave in The Silmarillion index (SI/Felagund). In a note from 1969, however, Tolkien said instead that Felagund was a nickname meaning “den-dweller” (also used for badgers), and its initial element fela was again derived from ✶phelga or philga (NM/304), with a meaning as follows:

> It was used of minor excavations made by wild animals as dens or lairs, and also as temporary dwellings by wandering folk, Dwarvish or Elvish; it was usually distinguished from the larger caves of geological formation used and extended by stone-workers. It was thus naturally used of the “setts” of badgers (which seem to have existed in great numbers in parts of Beleriand).

In this 1969 note Tolkien again mentioned its abnormal plural fili < ✶phelgai.

Neo-Sindarin: Of the various meanings for this name, I prefer its 1957 sense “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling”; its 1969 use for “den” (and felagund = “badger”) conflicts with the etymology of Felagund’s published in The Silmarillion. For “cave” I would use groth as in Menegroth “Thousand Caves” or feleg as a loan word from Khuzdul, and for “den” I would use torech as in Torech Ungol “Shelob’s Lair”.

Cognates

  • Q. felya “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling], mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; [ᴹQ.] cave” ✧ PE17/118

Derivations

  • ✶phelgā “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]; minor excavations, temporary dwellings” ✧ NM/304; NM/304; PE17/118
    • √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ NM/304; PE17/118

Element in

  • S. felagund “den-dweller; brock, badger” ✧ NM/304
  • S. Felagund “Lord of Caves; Hewer of Caves; Den Dweller” ✧ NM/304

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶phelga > fela[pʰelga] > [ɸelga] > [ɸelɣa] > [felɣa] > [felɣ] > [fela]✧ NM/304
✶phelgai > felʒi > fili[pʰelgai] > [pʰelgī] > [pʰelgi] > [ɸelgi] > [ɸelɣi] > [felɣi] > [filɣi] > [filī] > [fili]✧ NM/304
✶phelgā > fela[pʰelgā] > [pʰelga] > [ɸelga] > [ɸelɣa] > [felɣa] > [felɣ] > [fela]✧ PE17/118
Sindarin [NM/304; PE17/118] Group: Eldamo. Published by

groth

noun. large excavation, delving, underground dwelling, large excavation, delving, underground dwelling; [N.] cave, tunnel, [G.] grot

A noun for a large excavation (WJ/415) or a cave or tunnel (EtyAC/ROT) with variants groth and grod, the former seen in names like Menegroth “Thousand Caves” and the latter in names like Novrod “Hollow-delving” (later Nogrod “Dwarf-delving”). It was derived from strengthened forms ✶grottā or grotā of the root √ROT (WJ/414-415).

Conceptual Development: The earliest iteration of this word was (archaic) G. †roth “cave, grot” from the early root ᴱ√roto (GL/65); this root was glossed “hollow” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/80). Both strengthened and unstrengthened variants N. groth and roth “cave, tunnel” appeared under the root ᴹ√ROT “bore, tunnel”, a late entry to The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/ROT). Suffixal forms -roth, -rod were mentioned in passing in Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s as derivatives of √ROT “cave” in connection to the name S. Nimrodel (PE17/49).

A fairly lengthy discussion of these words appeared in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (WJ/414-415), where Tolkien gave the root form as √groto “dig, excavate, tunnel” contrasted with √rono “arch over, roof in”. Tolkien also compared groth/grod to S. rond “vaulted or roofed chamber”, only the latter of which “could be applied both to natural and to artificial structures”. Of the two Tolkien said:

> Though distinct in origin the derivatives of ✱groto and ✱rono naturally came into contact, since they were not dissimilar in shape, and a ✱rondō was usually made by excavation. Thus S groth < ✱grottā (an intensified form of grod < ✱grotā) “a large excavation” might well apply to a rond. Menegroth means “the Thousand Caves or Delvings”, but it contained one great rond and many minor ones (WJ/415).

Neo-Sindarin: Despite Tolkien’s comments in the Quendi and Eldar essay, there are some cases where grod/groth seems to apply to natural caves as well as excavated ones, such as Nimrodel “Lady of the White Cave” and Androth “✱Long Cave”. As such, I would use it for both natural and excavated caverns.

Cognates

  • Q. rotto “small grot, tunnel, tunnel, small grot, [ᴹQ.] cave”

Derivations

  • √ROT “cave; delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow, delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow; [√]cave” ✧ PE17/049
  • ✶grottā “(large) excavation, underground dwelling” ✧ WJ/414; WJ/415; WJ/415
    • √ROT “cave; delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow, delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow; [√]cave” ✧ VT39/09; WJ/414; WJ/415

Element in

  • S. Androth “*Long Cave”
  • S. Menegroth “Thousand Caves” ✧ SA/groth; WJ/415
  • S. Nimrodel “Lady of the White Cave” ✧ PE17/049; SA/groth
  • S. Nogrod “Hollowbold; (lit.) Hollow-delving, (later) Dwarf-delving” ✧ SA/groth; SA/naug
  • north S. Novrod “Hollowbold” ✧ SA/groth; WJ/414; WJ/414

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√ROT > -roth/rod[-rottā] > [-rotta] > [-rottʰa] > [-roθθa] > [-roθθ] > [-roθ]✧ PE17/049
✶(g)rotā > grod[grotā] > [grota] > [grot] > [grod]✧ WJ/414
✶grottā > groth[grottā] > [grotta] > [grottʰa] > [groθθa] > [groθθ] > [groθ]✧ WJ/415

Variations

  • grod ✧ SA/groth; WJ/414; WJ/415
Sindarin [PE17/049; SA/groth; SA/naug; WJ/414; WJ/415] Group: Eldamo. Published by

groth

noun. cave, tunnel, large excavation

Sindarin [WJ/415, S/431, VT/46:12] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cidinn

?. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • Q. cinta “small” ✧ PE17/157

Derivations

  • √KIT “*small” ✧ PE17/157

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KIT > cidinn[kitinne] > [kitinn] > [kidinn]✧ PE17/157
Sindarin [PE17/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cinnog

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √KIT “*small” ✧ PE17/157

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√KIT > cinnog[kintok] > [kintʰok] > [kinθok] > [kinθog] > [kinnog]✧ PE17/157
Sindarin [PE17/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

feleg

noun. cave

n. cave, mine, underground dwelling. Q. felco. Q.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:118] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

grod

noun. large excavation, delving, underground dwelling

groth

noun. delving, underground dwelling

Sindarin [WJ/415, S/431, VT/46:12] Group: SINDICT. Published by

madu

?. [unglossed]

maud

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶matwā > madw̯ > maud[matwā] > [matwa] > [matw] > [maut] > [maud]✧ PE17/148
✶matwā > madw̯ > madu[matwā] > [matwa] > [matw] > [madw] > [madu]✧ PE17/148

Variations

  • madu ✧ PE17/148
Sindarin [PE17/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rond

noun. cave roof

Sindarin [Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rond

noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed

Sindarin [Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

roth

noun. cave

n. cave. Q. rondo.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:117] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

sabar

noun. delved mine

The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Nornhabar, assuming that the second word is mutated in composition. Though habar as the regular form might be possible as well, in the Qenyaqetsa we find the root SAPA "dig, excavate" (PE/12:82), so it seems most likely that Tolkien re-used this old base, and that the underlying form in those names would indeed be sabar

Sindarin [Nornhabar, Anghabar WJ/209, WJ/419, S/380] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dath

hole

1) dath (i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8), 2) gass (i **ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais** = i ñais), 3)

dath

hole

(i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)

fela

cave

(pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.

gass

hole

(i ’ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais = i ñais)

groth

cave

(i ’roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12)

groth

large excavation

groth (i **roth) (cave, delving), pl. gryth (in gryth**)

groth

large excavation

groth (i **roth) (cave, delving), pl. gryth (in gryth**);

grôd

cave

1) grôd (i **rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414), 2) groth (i **roth) (delving, large excavation), pl. gryth (in gryth) (VT46:12), 3) rond (construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath, 4) roth (delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i **athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd), 5) fela (pl. fili). In the Etymologies (LR:381 s.v. PHÉLEG) the name Felagund is said to include this word, but since Tolkien later re-explained this name as a borrowing from Dwarvish, some would consider fela** as a word for ”cave” conceptually obsolete.

grôd

cave

(i ’rôd, construct grod) (delving, excavation, underground dwelling), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)

othronn

fortress in a cave/caves

(pl. ethrynn for archaic öthrynn) (underground stronghold). Cited in archaic form othrond in the source (WJ:414).

rhûd

artificial cave

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*

rhûd

mine

*rhûd (construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365).

rhûd

mine

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (dwelling underground, artificial cave, rockhewn hall), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid). (PM:365)*.

rond

cave

(construct ron) (cavern, vault, vaulted ceiling, hall with vaulted roof), pl. rynd (idh rynd), coll. pl. ronnath

roth

cave

(delving, large excavation), pl. ryth, 4) gathrod (i ’athrod), pl. gethryd (i ngethryd = i ñethryd)

sabar

mine

1) (delved mine) #sabar (i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root _

sabar

mine

(i habar, o sabar), pl. sebair (i sebair). Isolated from the name Anghabar, ”iron mine”. The root SAPA ”dig, excavate” (QL:82) suggests that this -habar is a lenited form of ✱sabar. If the unlenited form is actually ✱habar, read: habar (i chabar, o chabar), pl. hebair (i chebair).

tess

fine pierced hole

(i dess, construct tes), pl. tiss (i thiss). Archaic ters *(VT46:18)*****

torech

hole

torech (i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.

torech

hole

(i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.

Adûnaic

asdi

?. [unglossed]

A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation (pronounced [azdi]) without giving its meaning (SD/421).

Derivations

  • √Ad. ASAD “?” ✧ SD/421

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√Ad. ASAD > Asdi[asdi]✧ SD/421

Variations

  • Asdi ✧ SD/421

sapda

?. [unglossed]

A word Tolkien used to illustrate Adûnaic pronunciation without giving its meaning (SD/421).

Derivations

  • √Ad. SAPAD “?” ✧ SD/421

Variations

  • Sapda ✧ SD/421

Primitive elvish

rot

root. cave; delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow, delve underground, dig, excavate, tunnel, [ᴹ√] bore; [ᴱ√] hollow; [√]cave

The earliest iteration of this root was ᴱ√ROTO “hollow” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with derivatives like ᴱQ. rotl “cave, hollow” and ᴱQ. rotse “pipe, tube” (QL/80). The primitive root ᴱ√roto also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon with derivatives like G. rod “tube, stem” and G. †roth “cave, grot” (GL/65). The root reappeared as ᴹ√ROT “bore, tunnel” as a late addition to The Etymologies of the 1930s that Christopher Tolkien omitted from the published version of The Lost Road; it had with derivatives ᴹQ. rotto/N. (g)roth “cave, tunnel” (EtyAC/ROT), and was also an element in the name N. Nogrod (EtyAC/NAUK).

The root appeared as √ROT “cave” in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages in the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/49), as ✱groto “dig, excavate, tunnel” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/414), as unglossed (g)roto in other notes associated with that document (VT39/9) and as rot, s-rot “delve underground, excavate, tunnel” in notes associated with The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 (PM/365 note #56). Thus in later writings the root √ROT had variants √GROT and √SROT.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin I would ignore the gloss “cave” which seems to be a loose translation, and stick with the meaning “excavate, tunnel, bore” for the root √ROT; I’d also retain the meaning “hollow” from the 1910s to allow salvaging similar early words from the Qenya and Gnomish Lexicon.

Derivatives

  • ✶grottā “(large) excavation, underground dwelling” ✧ VT39/09; WJ/414; WJ/415
    • Q. rotto “small grot, tunnel, tunnel, small grot, [ᴹQ.] cave”
    • S. groth “large excavation, delving, underground dwelling, large excavation, delving, underground dwelling; [N.] cave, tunnel, [G.] grot” ✧ WJ/414; WJ/415; WJ/415
  • Q. hróta “dwelling underground, artificial cave or rockhewn hall” ✧ PM/365
  • ᴺQ. rotsë “pipe, tube”
  • ᴺQ. rotta- “to bore (a hole or tunnel)”
  • Q. rotto “small grot, tunnel, tunnel, small grot, [ᴹQ.] cave” ✧ PM/365
  • S. groth “large excavation, delving, underground dwelling, large excavation, delving, underground dwelling; [N.] cave, tunnel, [G.] grot” ✧ PE17/049
  • ᴺS. rhûd “dwelling underground, artifical cave, rockhewn hall, mine”
  • ᴺS. rod “tube, stem, *pipe”

Variations

  • s-rot ✧ PM/352
  • rot/s-rot ✧ PM/365
  • (g)roto ✧ VT39/09
  • rot ✧ VT39/09
  • groto ✧ WJ/414; WJ/415
Primitive elvish [PE17/049; PE17/183; PM/352; PM/365; VT39/09; WJ/414; WJ/415] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phelgā

noun. mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling]; minor excavations, temporary dwellings

Changes

  • phelg- → phelgā ✧ PE17/118

Derivations

  • √PHELEG “excavation, excavation; [ᴹ√] cave” ✧ NM/304; PE17/118

Derivatives

  • Q. felya “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwel[ling], mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; [ᴹQ.] cave” ✧ PE17/118
  • S. fela “mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den, mine, boring, tunnel, underground dwelling; minor excavations, den; [N.] cave” ✧ NM/304; NM/304; PE17/118

Variations

  • phelga ✧ NM/304
  • philga ✧ NM/304
  • phelg- ✧ PE17/118 (phelg-)
Primitive elvish [NM/304; PE17/118] Group: Eldamo. Published by

(s)rot

root. delve underground, excavate, tunnel

grot

root. dig, excavate, tunnel

ekka

noun. hole

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. ecca “hole, *lair”

Element in

  • S. torech “lair, (secret) hole, excavation” ✧ PE17/188
Primitive elvish [PE17/188] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lemek

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s illustrating certain phonetic combinations (PE19/98), and therefore possibly not a “real” root.

Primitive elvish [PE19/098] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phut

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the second version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa (TQ2) as an etymological variation of √PUT (PE18/90).

Primitive elvish [PE18/090] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sal

root. [unglossed], *harp(ing), lyre

The unglossed root ᴱ√SALA appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. salma “lyre, small harp” and ᴱQ. salumbe “harping, music” (QL/81). The root √SAL appeared again Common Eldarin: Verb Structure from the early 1950s to illustrate the reformed perfect form of its verb Q. asálie (PE22/132), but since these later forms are unglossed it is unclear whether they have the same meaning (“✱harp(ing)”) as the earlier version of the root.

Derivatives

  • Q. sal- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE22/133
Primitive elvish [PE22/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stuk

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected section of the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s, serving to illustration certain phonetic developments: ✶stuknā > Q. thúna (PE19/86).

Derivatives

Primitive elvish [PE19/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tig

root. [unglossed]

A root appearing in Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969 as the basis for the verb Q. tinga- “go (for a long while)” (PE22/157). The etymology was marked with an “X” and so was probably a transient idea (PE22/157 note #70).

Derivatives

  • Q. tinga- “to go (for a long while)” ✧ PE22/157
Primitive elvish [PE22/157] Group: Eldamo. Published by

graw Reconstructed

root. [unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart

This root appeared as a primitive form grawa serving as the basis of the word Q. roa “bear” >> “dog” in notes on monosyllabic roots from 1968 (VT47/35); a Sindarin derivative S. graw “bear” appeared in other notes written around the same time (VT47/12). Patrick Wynne suggested that in the sense “bear” grawa might be connected to the root ᴹ√GRAWA “dark, swart” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (EtyAC/GRAWA).

Derivatives

  • ✶grawa “dog” ✧ VT47/35
    • Q. röa “dog” ✧ VT47/35
  • ✶grā “dog, bear” ✧ VT47/35
    • S. graw “bear” ✧ VT47/12

Variations

  • grāw(ɜ) ✧ VT47/35 (grāw(ɜ))
Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

groth

noun. cave, tunnel

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. rotto “cave, tunnel” ✧ EtyAC/ROT

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ROT “bore, tunnel” ✧ EtyAC/ROT

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ROT > roth[rotto] > [rottʰo] > [roθθo] > [roθθ] > [roθ]✧ EtyAC/ROT
ᴹ√ROT > groth[grotto] > [grottʰo] > [groθθo] > [groθθ] > [groθ]✧ EtyAC/ROT

Variations

  • roth ✧ EtyAC/ROT
Noldorin [EtyAC/ROT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

roth

noun. cave, tunnel, cave, tunnel, [G.] grot

gathrod

noun. cave

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “cave”, apparently a combination of N. gath “cavern” and ᴹ√ROT “tunnel” (Ety/GAT(H)). Its initial element also appeared in the name N. Doriath “Land of the Cave”, but in later writings S. Doriath was redefined as “Land of the Fence” with final element S. iath “fence” (WJ/370), so N. gathrod “cave” was probably abandoned.

Elements

WordGloss
gath“cavern”
ROT“bore, tunnel”
Noldorin [Ety/GAT(H)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

borth

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√BOR(ON) “endure” ✧ Ety/BOR

Element in

  • N. Borthandos “*Steadfast-intelligence” ✧ Ety/BOR

Variations

  • Borth ✧ Ety/BOR

clei

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

coen

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dath

noun. hole, pit, steep fall, abyss

Noldorin [Ety/354, VT/45:8] Group: SINDICT. Published by

diragas

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Variations

  • diragath ✧ RS/451

fela

noun. cave

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fela

noun. cave

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. felya “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Derivations

  • On. phelga “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
    • ᴹ√PHELEG “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Element in

  • N. Felagund “Lord of Caves” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. phelga > fela[pʰelga] > [ɸelga] > [ɸelɣa] > [felɣa] > [felɣ] > [fela]✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
On. phelga > fili[pʰelgi] > [ɸelgi] > [ɸelɣi] > [felɣi] > [filɣi] > [filī] > [fili]✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
Noldorin [Ety/PHÉLEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gas

noun. hole, gap

Noldorin [Ety/357] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gathrod

noun. cave

Noldorin [Ety/358] gath+grôd (GAT(H)). Group: SINDICT. Published by

mauth

?. [unglossed]

Noldorin [PE22/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

menwed

?. [unglossed]

Element in

nith

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. nitse > nĭth[nitse] > [niθθe] > [niθθ] > [niθ]✧ PE22/037

Variations

  • nĭth ✧ PE22/037
Noldorin [PE22/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nithrad

?. [unglossed]

Element in

níth

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. nikthe > níth[niktʰe] > [nixθe] > [nīθe] > [nīθ]✧ PE22/037
Noldorin [PE22/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

porennin

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Variations

  • porannin ✧ RS/451

rhond

noun. cave roof

Noldorin [Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhond

noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed

Noldorin [Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhonn

noun. cave roof

Noldorin [Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhonn

noun. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed

Noldorin [Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rond

noun. cave

telwen

?. [unglossed]

Element in

ters

noun. (fine pierced) hole

Noldorin [VT/46:18] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tess

noun. (fine pierced) hole

Noldorin [VT/46:18] Group: SINDICT. Published by

torech

noun. hole, excavation, lair

Noldorin [WR/202, RC/490] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Westron

phuru

noun. mine

Changes

  • kubal → phurūn ✧ PM/058

Element in

  • Wes. Phurunargian “Dwarf-delving, Moria” ✧ PM/044; PM/058 (Kubalnargia); PM/058

Variations

  • phūru ✧ PM/044
  • kubal ✧ PM/058 (kubal)
  • phurūn ✧ PM/058
Westron [PM/044; PM/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ancient quenya

caia-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • √KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell”
Ancient quenya [PE22/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

rotto

noun. cave, tunnel

Cognates

  • N. groth “cave, tunnel” ✧ EtyAC/ROT

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ROT “bore, tunnel” ✧ EtyAC/ROT

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ROT > rotto[rotto]✧ EtyAC/ROT

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YEL “friend” ✧ Ety/YEL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YEL > yelme[jelme]✧ Ety/YEL

Variations

  • yelme ✧ Ety/YEL (yelme)

a

preposition. [unglossed]

Variations

  • a ✧ PE21/03

alama

noun. [unglossed]

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
Anar“Sun”
istya“knowledge”

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

engwa

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶eñ-ma > eñwa > eñgwa[eŋma] > [eŋgwā]✧ PE19/047

Variations

  • eñgwa ✧ PE19/047
  • ḗma ✧ PE19/047

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • ĕrĕāma ✧ PE22/018

es

[unglossed]

felya

noun. cave

Cognates

  • ᴹT. felga “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
  • On. phelga “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
  • N. fela “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PHELEG “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PHÉLEG > felya[pʰelgā] > [ɸelgā] > [ɸelɣā] > [ɸeljā] > [ɸelja] > [felja]✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
Qenya [Ety/PHÉLEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) > hyelma[kʰjelma] > [xjelma] > [j̊elma]✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)
Qenya [EtyAC/KHYEL(ES)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶kaltwa “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/048

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶kalt-wa > kaltua[kaltwa] > [kaltua]✧ PE19/048

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶kandā “bold” ✧ PE19/060; PE19/060
    • ᴹ√KAN “dare” ✧ Ety/KAN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶kándāvā̀ > kandava[kandāwā] > [kandawā] > [kandawa] > [kandava]✧ PE19/060
ᴹ✶kandālī́nen > kandalīnen[kandālīnen] > [kandalīnen]✧ PE19/060

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
karpalimā

Variations

  • kà¹rpalimái²te ✧ PE19/058

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
lá“no, not”
qet-“to say”

Variations

  • laqe[t] ✧ EtyAC/LA (laqe[t])

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶dagwe > lau(w)e[dagwe] > [lagwe] > [laɣwe] > [lauwe] > [laue]✧ PE19/046

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • maitya ✧ PE19/042 (maitya)
  • maštša ✧ PE19/042 (Lin. maštša)
Qenya [PE19/042; PE22/014; PE22/020] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶magyā ✧ PE19/046; PE19/062
    • ᴹ√MAG “use, handle”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶magyā > mai(y)a[magjā] > [maɣjā] > [maijā] > [maija] > [maia]✧ PE19/046
ᴹ✶māya > mā̆iya > maia[māja] > [maija] > [maia]✧ PE19/062

Variations

  • maia ✧ PE19/062
  • maiya ✧ PE19/062
Qenya [PE19/046; PE19/062] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ PE22/112

Elements

WordGloss
nak-“to kill, slay; to hate”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NDAK- > nandakka-[ndandakka-] > [nandakka-]✧ PE22/112

nerno

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom”

niule

?. [unglossed]

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶auluta- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/058

Variations

  • olta ✧ PE19/058

rampa

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAP “climb (as a tree by clinging[?])” ✧ PE22/127

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RAP² > rampa[rampa]✧ PE22/127

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
sirya-“to flow [smoothly]”

Variations

  • sisíria ✧ PE22/115 (sisíria)

séra

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶stegrā > thḗra[stegrā] > [θegrā] > [θeɣrā] > [θērā] > [θēra] > [sēra]✧ PE19/046

Variations

  • thḗra ✧ PE19/046

sóla

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶soglā > sóla[soglā] > [soɣlā] > [sōlā] > [sōla]✧ PE19/046

tante

noun. [unglossed]

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
talta-“to slip (down), fall, slide down, slope”

Variations

  • tatalta ✧ PE22/115 (tatalta)

teuka

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ√STAR “stiff” ✧ PE22/112

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√STAR > thare[star-] > [θar-]✧ PE22/112

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶torōmā “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶torṓmā > toróma[torōmā] > [torōma]✧ PE19/059
ᴹ✶torṓmànna > torō̆mánna > torománna[torōmanna] > [toromanna]✧ PE19/059

tundo

noun. hole

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶tŭndŭ > tundo[tundu] > [tundo]✧ PE21/08

Variations

  • tundo ✧ PE21/08
Qenya [PE21/08; PE21/09; PE21/10; PE21/11] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

Qenya [PE21/06; PE21/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

éma

?. [unglossed]

Doriathrin

rôth

noun. cave

A Doriathrin noun for “cave”, also appearing as roth, derived from primitive ᴹ✶rǭda or ᴹ✶roda (Ety/ROD, EtyAC/ROD). The [[ilk|[d] spirantilized to [ð] (“dh”)]] as usual, then after the final vowel was lost the [[ilk|final [ð] became [θ]]] as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/roth). The original sound [ð] is preserved in the plural rodhin.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ROD “roof, cave” ✧ Ety/ROD
  • ᴹ✶rǭda “cave” ✧ Ety/ROD; EtyAC/ROD
    • ᴹ√ROD “roof, cave” ✧ Ety/ROD

Element in

  • Ilk. Menegroth “Thousand Caves” ✧ Ety/ROD

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶rǭda > rōdh > rōth[rǭda] > [rōda] > [rōða] > [rōð] > [rōθ]✧ Ety/ROD
ᴹ✶roda > rodh > roth[roda] > [roða] > [roð] > [roθ]✧ EtyAC/ROD

Variations

  • roth ✧ Ety/ROD (Dor. roth); EtyAC/ROD (Dor. roth)
  • rōth ✧ Ety/ROD (Dor. rōth)
Doriathrin [Ety/ROD; EtyAC/ROD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

phelga

noun. cave

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. felya “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PHELEG “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Derivatives

  • N. fela “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PHÉLEG > phelga[pʰelga] > [ɸelga]✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
Old Noldorin [Ety/PHÉLEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

rot

root. bore, tunnel

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. rotto “cave, tunnel” ✧ EtyAC/ROT
  • N. groth “cave, tunnel” ✧ EtyAC/ROT

Element in

  • N. gathrod “cave”
  • N. Nogrod “Dwarfmine, Dwarf-city” ✧ Ety/NAUK
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NAUK; EtyAC/ROT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

auluta-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. olta- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/058

Variations

  • áuluta- ✧ PE19/058
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bay

root. [unglossed]

Variations

  • BAYA ✧ EtyAC/WAY (BAYA)
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/WAY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dag

root. dig

A rejected root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dig” (Ety/DAG), it may have been a transient replacement for √SAP.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶dagdā “pit” ✧ EtyAC/DAG
    • N. daudh “pit” ✧ EtyAC/DAG
  • ᴹQ. lára “grave” ✧ EtyAC/DAG
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/DAG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

iw

root. [unglossed], [ᴱ√] *fish

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/IW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kaltwa

?. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. kaltua “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/048

Variations

  • kalt-wa ✧ PE19/048
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khlip

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected paragraph from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/112 note #78).

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/113] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kōmā

noun. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. kóma “*ball” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059

Variations

  • kṓmā ✧ PE19/059
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maiga

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the first version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s (TQ1) to illustrate certain patterns of root formation (PE18/66). It may have serving as the basis for ᴹQ. Maia, though this word was given different derivations later.

Variations

  • maiga ✧ PE18/066
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE18/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phan

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/PHAN).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/PHAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pheleg

root. cave

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. felya “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
  • On. phelga “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
    • N. fela “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
  • ᴹT. felga “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Variations

  • PHÉLEG ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/PHÉLEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rǭda

noun. cave

Changes

  • roda → rǭda ✧ Ety/ROD

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ROD “roof, cave” ✧ Ety/ROD

Derivatives

  • Ilk. rôth “cave” ✧ Ety/ROD; EtyAC/ROD
  • On. rauda “hollow, cavernous” ✧ Ety/ROD
    • N. rhaudh “hollow, cavernous” ✧ Ety/ROD

Variations

  • rōda ✧ EtyAC/ROD
  • roda ✧ EtyAC/ROD
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ROD; EtyAC/ROD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skil

root. [unglossed]

A root mentioned in passing in as a variant of ᴹ√KIL “divide” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but it had no derivatives and appeared nowhere else (Ety/KIL).

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KIL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stin

root. [unglossed]

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/STIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stā

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root reference in The Etymologies apparently serving as the basis for the verbal action suffix ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” in ᴹ✶khau̯-stā “rest-ing” (Ety/KHAW; EtyAC/KHAW). See the entry on ✶-stā for further discussion.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” ✧ EtyAC/KHAW
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/KHAW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

torōmā

noun. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. toróma “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059

Variations

  • torṓmā ✧ PE19/059
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tundu

noun. hole

Derivations

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. tundo “hole” ✧ PE21/08

Element in

Variations

  • tŭndŭ ✧ PE21/08
  • tundu ✧ PE21/31
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/08; PE21/31] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uruk

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/URUK).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/URUK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

us

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/US).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/US] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Telerin

felga

noun. cave

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. felya “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PHELEG “cave” ✧ Ety/PHÉLEG
Middle Telerin [Ety/PHÉLEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

sauth

noun. a hole, tunnel

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SAPA “dig, excavate” ✧ GL/67

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√sab- > sauth[sapta] > [sapt] > [safθ] > [sauθ]✧ GL/67

gersauth

noun. mine

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “mine” with variants gersauth and gersoth, a combination of G. groth “ore” and G. sauth “hole” (GL/38).

Elements

WordGloss
ger“ore, metal”
sauth“a hole, tunnel”

Variations

  • gersoth ✧ GL/38

beb

adverb. [unglossed]

Element in

brid-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

Element in

  • G. bridol “changing, varying, variable”

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • Eq. qilde “quiet, rest, hush” ✧ GL/23

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√qḷd > clidhron[kwḷðron] > [kḷðron] > [kliðron]✧ GL/23

climbol

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TELE “cover in; close; finish”

Element in

Variations

  • Climbol ✧ PE13/104

dôn

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

fî

noun. [unglossed]

gatha

?. [unglossed]

@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant

gerd(h)olm

noun. mine

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “mine” with variants gerdolm and gerdholm, a combination of G. groth “ore” and G. dolm “pit” (GL/38).

Variations

  • gerdolm ✧ GL/38
  • gerdholm ✧ GL/38

gersoth

noun. mine

grûda

noun. cave

pad

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√PATA “*rap, tap” ✧ GL/63

praust

noun. [unglossed]

prog

noun. [unglossed]

rab-

verb. [unglossed]

rô

noun. [unglossed]

Variations

  • rô ✧ GG/14 (rô)

sind

noun. [unglossed]

sinthi

pronoun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SI(N) “this here by me” ✧ GL/68

thail

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • Eq. saile “[unglossed]” ✧ GL/72

thel

noun. [unglossed]

thelg

noun. [unglossed]

thil

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SILI “*gleam”

thion

noun. [unglossed]

thrim

?. [unglossed]

thû-

verb. [unglossed]

trum

?. [unglossed]

tûn

noun. [unglossed]

ulthanc

noun. [unglossed]

umeg

?. [unglossed]

’ôs

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√OSO “*enclosure” ✧ QL/041

Early Noldorin

ai-

prefix. [unglossed]

bailchir

noun. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/128] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bhraig

?. [unglossed]

A set of unglossed forms written next to ᴱN. braith (also unglossed) in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), their meaning and etymology are unclear.

Variations

  • bhreigros ✧ PE13/139
  • bhregint ✧ PE13/139
Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bhregint

?. [unglossed]

bhreigros

?. [unglossed]

blaithrod

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

braith

?. [unglossed]

A verb appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as G. braitha- “wrap, swathe” based on G. brach “a shawl, plaid, wrap” (GL/23). The form ᴱN. braith also appeared in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), but it was unglossed and whether it was related is unclear.

Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺS. brach “shawl, wrap”, I’d also keep this Gnomish verb as a derivative of the Neo-Root ᴺ√BARAK “wrap”, but updated to ᴺS. braetha- “to wrap, swathe” since ai became ae in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

braithgair

noun. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cai

?. [unglossed]

Element in

  • En. caiad “[unglossed]” ✧ PE13/140
  • En. ciann “[unglossed]” ✧ PE13/140
Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

caiad

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

celin

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ciann

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

delin

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ei-

prefix. [unglossed]

Variations

  • ai- ✧ PE13/161
Early Noldorin [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

farn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fedhui

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√FEDE “*law, bond”

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/142; PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

flair

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

flaith

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

floth

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fraith

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

geryd

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glaith

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glaithfedhui

?. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
glaith“[unglossed]”
fedhui“[unglossed]”
Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glewin

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glich

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gorod

noun. cave

gû

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • gú ✧ PE13/145
Early Noldorin [PE13/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hî

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/125] Group: Eldamo. Published by

isteth

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laus

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶lopse “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64
Early Noldorin [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

leus

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶lepse “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64
Early Noldorin [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhuaith

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • luaith ✧ PE15/62
Early Noldorin [PE13/149; PE15/62] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhû

noun. [unglossed]

Variations

  • lhú ✧ PE13/149
Early Noldorin [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

luaith

?. [unglossed]

nelyn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/150] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pap-

verb. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • Eq. qapa- “to chaffer, bargain, swap, barter” ✧ PE13/132

Derivations

  • ᴱ√QAPA “chaffer”

Element in

  • En. gobab- “to shake” ✧ PE13/132

Variations

  • pap ✧ PE13/132
Early Noldorin [PE13/132] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pethil

noun. [unglossed]

Element in

Variations

  • Pethil ✧ PE13/152
Early Noldorin [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raith

noun. [unglossed], [G.] extent, reach; region, sphere, district, scope

Early Noldorin [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

scarn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

stroth

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tharn

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thesg

?. [unglossed]

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thrand

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • thrann ✧ PE13/154
Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thrann

?. [unglossed]

tû

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • tú ✧ PE13/154
Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

-yǝ

suffix. [unglossed]

Element in

  • Eq. enye- “to think out, plan, devise” ✧ QL/035
  • Eq. enya “device, method, trick; machine, engine” ✧ QL/035
  • Eq. inye- “to imitate, make like”

Variations

  • Yǝ ✧ QL/035
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lepse

?. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • En. leus “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64
Early Primitive Elvish [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lopse

?. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • En. laus “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64
Early Primitive Elvish [PE15/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saw̯a

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/82), which may have reemerged as √SAWA “disgusting, foul, vile” in notes from the 1950s (PE17/172, 183).

Derivatives

  • Eq. sauke “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/082
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sivi

root. [unglossed]

Unglossed roots in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ᴱ√SIVI and ᴱ√SIWI and a single unglossed derivative ᴱQ. sivilda (QL/84). It is difficult to guess what Tolkien intended for these forms to mean, though they conceivably reemerged as the later roots ᴹ√SIW “excite, egg on, urge” (Ety/SIW) or √SIB “rest, quiet” (VT44/35).

Derivatives

  • Eq. sivilda “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/084

Variations

  • SIWI ✧ QL/084
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

teled-

noun. [unglossed]

Derivatives

  • Eq. Teler “little elf” ✧ PE13/154
  • En. Tiledh “Sea-elf” ✧ PE13/154
Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tołᵂo

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s illustrating a hypothetical series of ancient lateral approximants, with derived roots like ᴱ√TOLO and ᴱ√TOẆO [with ẇ = ɣʷ] (PE12/16). The former appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon as the basis for island words (QL/94), but the latter appeared nowhere else in Early Qenya writings.

Derivatives

  • ᴱ√TOLO “*stick up” ✧ PE12/016
    • Eq. tolda “hill (with a flat top), hill top; town on a hill” ✧ QL/094
    • Eq. tóle “centre” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094
    • Eq. tol “island, isle” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094
    • Eq. tolos “knob, lump” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094
    • Eq. tolma “helm”
    • G. tol “isle (with high steep coast)” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa
  • ᴱ√TOẆO “[unglossed]” ✧ PE12/016
Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/016] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toẇo

root. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TOŁᵂO “[unglossed]” ✧ PE12/016

Variations

  • toẇo- ✧ PE12/016
Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/016] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tḷkḷ

root. [unglossed]

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/093] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

alle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • anaükante ✧ PE12/027
Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

angwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anwe

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • àukáine ✧ PE12/027
Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eant

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • éant ✧ PE12/027
Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ematte

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

intya

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ka

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/054] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶lṇ̹ta̜nwa > lanta̹nwa[lṇtanwā] > [lṇtanwa] > [lantanwa]✧ PE12/006

Variations

  • lanta̹nwa ✧ PE12/006
Early Quenya [PE12/006] Group: Eldamo. Published by

las

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LAQA “catch” ✧ QL/051

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LAQA > las[lakʷsǝ] > [lakʷs] > [laks] > [las]✧ QL/051
Early Quenya [QL/051] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [PE16/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [PE16/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
LAWA“*life (esp. plants)”
KELE“flow, run; ooze, trickle”

Variations

  • lāwakēle ✧ QL/052
Early Quenya [QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/028] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NAWA “dwarf”
Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NAWA “dwarf”
Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nierme

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Variations

  • Nierme ✧ VT40/08
Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Variations

  • nyuuken ✧ PE16/077
Early Quenya [PE16/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orot

noun. cave

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ROTO “hollow” ✧ QL/071

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√roto- > orot[orot]✧ QL/071
Early Quenya [QL/071; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√PO “‽” ✧ QL/074

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√PO > pōya[pōjā] > [pōja]✧ QL/074

Variations

  • pōya ✧ QL/074
Early Quenya [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ralle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rótele

noun. cave

Cognates

  • G. roth “cave, grot” ✧ LT2A/Rothwarin

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ROTO “hollow” ✧ LT2A/Rothwarin; QL/080

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ROTO > rōtele[rōtelē] > [rōtele]✧ QL/080

Variations

  • rotelë ✧ LT2A/Rothwarin
  • rōtele ✧ QL/080
Early Quenya [LT2A/Rothwarin; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saile

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • G. thail “[unglossed]” ✧ GL/72
Early Quenya [GL/72] Group: Eldamo. Published by

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE14/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sat

noun. hole

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SAPA “dig, excavate” ✧ QL/082

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√SAPA > sat[sapt] > [sat]✧ QL/082
Early Quenya [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sauke

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SAW̯A “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/082

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√SAW̯A > sauke[sawkē] > [sawke] > [saule]✧ QL/082
Early Quenya [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sinqele

noun. mine

A noun for “mine” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. sink (sinq-) “mineral, gem, metal” (QL/83). This word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/83).

Early Quenya [PME/083; QL/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SIVI “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/084

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√SIVI > sivilda[siβildā] > [siβilda] > [sivilda]✧ QL/084
Early Quenya [QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Variations

  • Súlimarya ✧ VT40/08
Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

súme

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [QL/088] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
TṆTṆ“*bounce”
-lta“?causative”

Variations

  • tantilta ✧ PE14/058
Early Quenya [PE14/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [LT1/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by

toron

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TORO “*bake” ✧ QL/094

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TORO > toron[toron]✧ QL/094
Early Quenya [QL/094] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

Elements

WordGloss
tulu-“to bring, carry, fetch; to move (intr.), come; to produce, bear fruit”
Early Quenya [PE14/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tunda

noun. hole

Cognates

  • En. tonn “(bored) hole, perforation” ✧ PE13/122; PE13/165

Derivations

Early Quenya [PE13/122; PE13/165] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

Cognates

  • En. dain “height, summit; height, loftiness, sublimity” ✧ PE13/161

Derivations

Variations

  • tánie ✧ PE13/161
Early Quenya [PE13/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

Variations

  • uká̹rele ✧ PE12/006
Early Quenya [PE12/006] Group: Eldamo. Published by

umpai

?. [unglossed]

Variations

  • úmpài ✧ PE12/027
Early Quenya [PE12/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

Variations

  • upaitya ✧ QL/034
Early Quenya [QL/034] Group: Eldamo. Published by

usult

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SULU “*support” ✧ QL/087
Early Quenya [QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

valle

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

Early Quenya [PE16/145] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yu

?. [unglossed]

Element in

Early Quenya [PE16/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by