ia

ever

[ia adv. "ever" (GEY, EY); replaced by oia.]

ialë

everlasting age

[ialë noun "everlasting age" (GEY; the word "age" dropped out in the Etymologies as printed in LR; see VT45:14. Replaced by oialë.]

iasintë

noun. hyacinth

yanta

noun. bridge

The Quenya word for “bridge” from The Lord of the Rings appendices, also the name of tengwa #35 [l] used in i-diphthongs (LotR/1123). ᴹQ. yanta “bridge” also appeared as the name of this tengwa in notes The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1930s and 40s (PE22/22, 51).

Conceptual Development: Earlier words for “bridge” include ᴱQ. penda “bridge” under the early root ᴱ√PENE (QL/73) and ᴱQ. ranta “arch, bridge” under the early root ᴱ√RAÞA (QL/79). See the entry for √YAN “join” for a discussion of the possible later development of yanta’s root.

aina

holy

aina (2) adj "holy" (AYAN), derived from Ainu. Adopted and adapted from Valarin. According to VT43:32, the word is "obsolete, except in Ainur", apparently suggesting that airë or airëa (q.v.) was the normal term for "holy" in later Quenya. However, Tolkien repeatedly used aina in his translation of the Litany of Loreto: Aina Fairë "Holy Spirit", Aina Neldië "Holy Trinity", Aina Maria "Holy Mary", Aina Wendë "Holy Virgin". He also used Aina Eruontari for "holy Mother" in his rendering of the Sub Tuum Praesidium(WJ:399, FS, SA, VT43:32, VT44:5, 12, 17-18)

lango

noun. neck, neck, [ᴹQ.] throat; [Q.] passages [that are] narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts, *corridor

A word for “neck” appearing in notes written around 1967, derived from primitive ✶langō < √LAƷA “cross, pass over, go beyond” (PE17/92). Its primitive form meant “a passage (physical), originally applied to any route or connecting link between two places or large objects, especially such as enabled one to cross or surmount an obstacle: such as a mountain-pass, a ridge of higher land across fen-land, an isthmus etc.” (PE17/91-92). This word was then “later applied to narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts, especially the ‘neck’ of men and animals”. The word lango “neck” also appeared in notes from 1965, but there it was derived from √LAG, as opposed to the then-distinct root for “beyond”: √LAŊ (PE17/65).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to 1920s, where ᴱQ. lango “neck” appeared in Early Qenya Word-lists (PE16/136). It was glossed “neck” in drafts of the ᴱQ. Earendel poem (PE16/100), and as “throat” in the poem itself (MC/216). ᴹQ. lango “throat” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/8), but in The Etymologies of the 1930s it was {lango >>} ᴹQ. lanko “throat” from the root ᴹ√LAK “swallow” (Ety/LANK). In later writings, Q. lango “neck” was restored (see above).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think lango can refer to both “neck” and “throat”, since its later derivation was from a word meaning “passage”, and hence refers to the passage from the mouth to the stomach and lungs. For the actual interior mechanism of the throat, however, I’d recommend the neologism ᴺQ. hlunco “pharynx, gullet” < ᴹ√SLUK “swallow”.

In a 2024-08-10 post in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Raccoon suggested lango can also apply more generally to any passages that are “narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts”, such as a “✱corridor”, consistent with Tolkien’s notes on PE17/92 (see above). See ᴺQ. terma “passage, aperture” for an alternative with a slightly different meaning.

mis

less

mis adverbial particle "less" (PE14:80)

voro

ever, continually

voro, voro- adv. "ever, continually" (BOR, Narqelion) Compare vor. (Focusing on the gloss "continually", post-Tolkien writers have sometimes used voro for "still, yet", but for this sense the term en is available.) The variants vora, vorë were used for "always" in drafts for a Quenya version of the Sub Tuum Praesidium, but Tolkien eventually replaced such forms with the unrelated word illumë (VT44:9). Compare vórë, vórëa.

yanda

wide

yanda adj. "wide" (PE17:115); variant of yána #1, q.v.

yávë

fruit

yávë noun "fruit" (YAB), cf. Yavanna. Early "Qenya" has yáva (LT1:273); the form yava turns up even in later material (VT43:31)

yanta-

verb. to join

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo to be compatible with ᴺS. ianna-.

yanda

adjective. wide

yalta

noun. yoke

yausta

noun. crop

-úmë

large

-úmë (3) suffix "large" (of quantity)", as in liyúmë "host" (VT48:32)

Endien

autumn

Endien noun, alternative term for "autumn" (PM:135). In the Etymologies, the word Endien was assigned a quite different meaning: "Midyear, Midyear week", in the calendar of Valinor a week outside the months, between the sixth and seventh months, dedicated to the Trees; also called Aldalemnar (YEN, LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK)

Quende#

noun. Elf

Elf

Yávien

fruit

Yávien fem. name, apparently yávë "fruit" + the feminine ending -ien.

acas

neck

acas ("k") noun "neck" (the bony part of the neck, not including throat), pl. axi ("ks") (and so perhaps general stem-form ax-). Also sg. axë (said to be a "later" form apparently replacing acas). The word is also used geographically of rock ridges. (PE17:92)

acas

noun. neck

aira

old

aira (3) adj. "old" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

aira

holy

aira (2) adj. "holy"; see airë #1

airë

holy

airë (1) adj. "holy", #Airefëa "the Holy Spirit" (VT43:37, dative airefëan on the previous page), airetári or Airë Tári "holy queen" (a title of Varda, PM:363), genitive aire-tário "holy-queen's" (Nam, RGEO:67). However, according to PM:363, airë is the noun "sanctity", while aira is the adjective "holy". VT43:14 refers to an etymological note of "Sept.-Oct. 1957" where airë is said to be a noun "sanctity, holiness", and the adjective "holy" is given as airëa. However, the verb #airita- "hallow" seems to be formed from an adjective airë, airi- "holy". Evidently airë can function as both adjective ("holy") and noun ("holiness"); if so airë as adj. could represent a primitive adjective gaisi, whereas airë as noun may descend from gaisē. The former but not the latter would have the stem airi- (as observed in the derived verb #airita-), and compounds like airetári (rather than *airitári) would seem to contain properly the noun "holiness".

airëa

holy

airëa adj. "holy"; see airë.

aista

holy

aista (1) adj. "holy" (VT43:37)

alat-

large, great in size

alat- prefix "large, great in size". (ÁLAT, cf. VT45:5). In Alatairë.

alta

large, great in size

alta (1) adj. *"large, great in size" (root meaning)(ÁLAT). Alat- in Alatairë, q.v.

arta

across, athwart

arta (4) prep. "across, athwart" (LT2:335), perhaps rather olla in Tolkiens later Quenya.

atta

across, over, lying from side to side

atta (ata-) (4) prep. "across, over, lying from side to side" (VT49:32; it is not quite clear whether this is a Quenya word or not)

auta

particle. ago

auta

adverb. ago

axo

noun. neck

axë

neck

axë ("ks")noun "neck" (the bony part of the neck, not including throat), pl. axi given. Also sg. acas (the alternative form axë is said to be "later" and seems to be an analogical back-formation from the pl. axi). The word is also used geographically of rock ridges. (PE17:92)

cilya

chasm

cilya noun "chasm", allative cilyanna ("k") "in-Chasm" (sc. "into [the] chasm") _(LR:47, 56). _In MR:471, cilya is defined as "cleft, gorge". Spelt kilya in Etym, there defined as "cleft, pass between hills, gorge" (KIL)

ello

call, shout of triumph

[ello] noun "call, shout of triumph" (GYEL (< GEL) )

enge

adverb. ago

ago, once, in the past

enwina

old

enwina adj. "old" (Markirya)

enwina

adjective. old

hahta

noun. fence

fence, hedge

isse

where

landa

wide

landa (2) adj. "wide" (LAD). Maybe in landatavárë = *"wide-wood"? (TI:415)

landa

adjective. wide, wide, [ᴱQ.] broad

lie

noun. people

linquë

hyacinth

linquë (3) noun "hyacinth" (plant, not jewel) (PE17:62). The wording in the source is not altogether clear; it is said that the word lassë (leaf) "would not e.g. be used of leaf of a hyacinth (linque)". If linquë is not the term for a hyacinth, it must refer to the kind of leaf a hyacinth has. Compare #2 above.

linyenwa

old, having many years

linyenwa adj. "old, having many years" (YEN)

lië

people

lië noun "people" (LI, Narqelion, VT39:6), in Eldalië, losselië, Ornelië (q.v.); possessive #liéva in Mindon Eldaliéva (q.v.); maybe also compounded in #rohtalië, #ruhtalië (q.v.)

lusta

void, empty

lusta adj. "void, empty" (LUS)

mandu

abyss

mandu noun "abyss" (MC:214; this is "Qenya" - Tolkien's later Quenya has undumë)

masse

interrogative. where

nerdo

large, strong man

nerdo noun "large, strong man" (compare nér) (VT47:33)

noa

former

noa (2) adj. "former", also adv. (and noun?) "yesterday", shortened from the full phrase noa ré "former day" (VT49:34). In other conceptual phases, Tolkien used noa for "tomorrow" _(VT49:20). _Compare enwa.

oi

ever

oi adv. "ever" (OY)

palla

wide, expansive

palla adj. "wide, expansive" (PAL)

pol

large, big (strong)

pol (2) adj. "large, big (strong)". Since this would be the sole example of a monosyllabic Quenya adjective, it may be that Tolkien is here citing the root POL rather than a complete word. Cf. polda.

quendë

elf

quendë noun "Elf", the little-used analogical sg. of Quendi, q.v. (KWEN(ED), WJ:361)

sercë

blood

sercë ("k")noun "blood" _(SA:sereg, PE17:184; the Etymologies gives _yár as the Quenya word for "blood")

sercë

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √SEREK of the same meaning (PE17/185). It appeared as an element in the word serkilixa “blood-thirsty” from 1968 (NM/176), indicating a stem form of serci-.

tarna

crossing, passage

tarna noun "crossing, passage" (LT2:347)

undumë

abyss

undumë noun "abyss" (Markirya)

undumë

noun. abyss

vor

ever

vor, voro adv. "ever" (BOR, LT1:250, 273 [only voro_ in the Etymologies]; also in Narqelion)_

yaiwë

mocking, scorn

yaiwë noun "mocking, scorn" (YAY)

yaltë

bridge

yaltë noun "bridge" (GL:37); rather yanta in Tolkien's later Quenya

yanta

bridge

yanta noun "bridge", also name of tengwa #35 (Appendix E); in the Etymologies, yanta is defined as "yoke" (YAT)

yanwë

bridge, joining, isthmus

yanwë noun "bridge, joining, isthmus" (YAT, "joining", VT49:45, 46), changed by Tolkien from yanwa (VT46:22, VT49:34)

yat

neck

yat (yaht-) noun "neck" (YAK)

yello

call, shout of triumph

yello (2) noun "call, shout of triumph" (GYEL); changed by Tolkien from ello.

yerna

old, worn

yerna adj. "old, worn" (GYER)

yonda

wide, roomy, extensive

yonda adj."wide, roomy, extensive" (PE17:43), also (as alternative form of yonna) glossed "enclosed", with the latter meaning perhaps intended as the passive participle of the verb yor-

yonwa

fence, border, boundary

yonwa noun "fence, border, boundary" (PE17:43)

yána

holy place, fane, sanctuary

yána (2) noun "holy place, fane, sanctuary" (YAN). Compare ainas in a post-LotR source.

yár

blood

yár (yar-, as in dat.sg. yaren) noun "blood"_ (YAR; the Silmarillion appendix gives _sercë instead. According to VT46:22, Tolkien introduced yór_ as a replacement form in the Etymologies itself.)_

yára

ancient, belonging to or descending from former times

yára adj. "ancient, belonging to or descending from former times" (YA); evidently it can also simply mean "old", since Tolkien used the intensive/superlative form #anyára to describe Elaine Griffiths as his "oldest" or "very old" friend in a book dedication (see an-).

yáva

noun. *fruit

yávië

autumn

yávië noun "autumn" (SA:yávë); "autumn, harvest", in the calendar of Imladris a precisely defined period of 54 days, but also used without any exact definition (Appendix D). Noun yáviérë *"Autumn-day", a day outside the months in the Steward's Reckoning, inserted between Yavannië and Narquelië (September and October) (Appendix D)

yávë

noun. fruit

The Quenya word for “fruit”, most notably as an element in the name Yavanna “Giver of Fruits, (lit.) fruit-gift” (S/27; SA/yávë; PE17/93) and derived from the root ᴹ√YAB of similar meaning (Ety/YAB).

Conceptual Development: This word dates back to ᴱQ. yáva “fruit, produce” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√ẎAVA, already an element of Yavanna’s name (QL/105). The word reappeared as ᴹQ. yáve “fruit” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√YAB of the same meaning (Ety/YAB). In Quenya Prayers of the 1950s, the word appeared as yáva, yávë and yave (VT43/26-28).

yáwë

ravine, cleft, gulf

yáwë noun "ravine, cleft, gulf" (YAG; according to VT46:22, the last gloss should perhaps be read as "gully" instead)

yór

blood

yór noun "blood"; see yár (VT46:22)

úlumë

ever

úlumë adv. "ever", at all times (in a series or period) (PE17:156). Cf. ullumë.

úra

large

úra (2) adj. "large" (UR), probably obsoleted by #1 above

ampícië

adverb. less

linquelos

noun. hyacinth

A neologism coined by Parmandil posted on 2025-03-25 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) as a combination of linquë “leaf of a hyacinth” and lós “inflorescence”.

undo

less

A neologism for “less” as an adjective or pronoun, proposed by Arael in a 2022-02-24 chat Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) as the opposite of amba “more”.

undë

adverb. less

A neologism for “less” as an adverb proposed by Paul Strack in a 2022-02-27 chat Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), inspired by the adjective/pronoun undo “less”.

yantaina

adjective. joined

ia

noun. gulf

ia

noun. gulf

ia

noun. abyss, void

ia

adverb. ago

iaros

place name. Iaros

A name appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, described as a “a river with reddish water” and apparently containing iâr “blood” or some other derivative of the root ᴹ√YAR (Ety/YAR).

iaeth

noun. neck

A word for “neck” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶yakta- under the root ᴹ√YAK (Ety/KEM), where the primitive k spirantalized and vocalized to i and the resulting diphthong ai became ae, sound changes that remain plausible in Sindarin as well.

Conceptual Development: There was a similar word G. gath “neck” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s from primitive ᴱ✶yatt- (GL/36), with the Gnomish sound change of initial y to g.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use iaeth for “neck” as a joining between the head and torso, as opposed to lang as a passage from the mouth to stomach and lungs [including the “✱throat”] and S. ach referring the vertebrae in the neck [“✱(upper) spine”].

iant

noun. yoke

The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. iant “yoke” derived from primitive ᴹ✶yantā under the root ᴹ√YAT “join” (Ety/YAT). Deleted forms iad and [?]iannas were written immediately after it (EtyAC/YAT). In Tolkien’s later writings S. iant was translated as “bridge” (SA/iant; SD/129; WJ/333), as opposed to N. ianw “bridge” from The Etymologies (Ety/YAT).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s had G. galt “yoke” with cognate ᴱQ. yalte (GL/37), which was probably derived from the early root ᴱ√YḶTḶ from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon which also had ᴱQ. yalta “yoke” as a derivative (QL/106). In Gnomish of the 1910s ancient initial y became g, which explains G. galt vs. ᴱQ. yalta.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would revise G. galt to ᴺS. ialt “yoke” as a cognate to ᴺQ. yalta, since S. iant is used for “bridge”.

iau

noun. corn, corn, *cereal crop

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “corn” derived from the root ᴹ√YAB “fruit” (Ety/YAB). It had the rather unusual plural form iui, which seems to be the result of au becoming ui via i-intrusion in Noldorin of the 1930s and 40s (PE22/40): yābī > ı̯auvi > ı̯uiw(i) > iui. In Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s the result was instead oe, so the Sindarin plural of this word would likely be ✱ioew. As for the gloss “corn”, it was probably intended to have its British meaning as a general term for any cereal crop like wheat or oats.

iau

noun. ravine, cleft, gulf

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “ravine, cleft, gulf” derived from the root ᴹ√YAG “yawn, gape” from primitive ᴹ✶yagwē (Ety/YAG).

Neo-Sindarin: I’d avoid this word for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as it is easily confused with N. iau “corn” and has a number of other better-known alternatives like S. iâ “gulf” and S. cirith “ravine, cleft”.

iaun

noun. holy place, fane, sanctuary, holy place, fane, sanctuary, *shrine, temple

A noun for “holy place, fane, sanctuary” appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√(A)YAN (Ety/YAN). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. yána suggests a primitive form yānā [jānā], with the medial primitive long vowel [ā] developing into the diphthong [au] as usual.

Conceptual Development: This word has no clear precursors in Tolkien’s earlier writings, but in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the word G. gorthin was glossed “fane, temple” and G. alc(hor) was glossed “shrine, fane, temple” (GL/18, 42).

Neo-Sindarin: This word does not appear in Tolkien’s later writings, but it is consistent with the phonetic rules of Sindarin and a later version of its root √AYA(N) does appear (PE17/145), though it does conflict with iaun “wide”.

ianw

noun. (?) yoke

It originally meant "bridge" in the Etymologies, but was apparently switched with iant

iarwath

masculine name. Blood-stained

iaew

noun. mocking, scorn

ial

noun. ?cry, shout, *cry, shout

ialla-

verb. to call

ianw

noun. bridge

iath

preposition. across

iathrad

noun. crossing, ford

iaur

masculine name. Eldest

iaur

adjective. ancient, old(en)

iaeth

noun. neck

iaew

noun. mocking, scorn

ial

noun. (?) a call, (?) a cry

ialla-

verb. to call

iant

noun. bridge

iau

noun. ravine, cleft, gulf

iau

noun. corn

iaun

noun. holy place, fane, sanctuary

iaur

adjective. ancient, old, original

iaur

adjective. older, former

erion

masculine name. Eldest

Earlier form of S. Iarwain appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, translated “Eldest” and appearing beside N. Iaur (TI/125). It might be a superlative form of iaur “old”; in the Early Noldorin Grammar, the similar suffix -iant was used for the superlative (PE13/125). If the suffix -ion was a Noldorin superlative suffix, perhaps the initial [e] developed due to Noldorin i-affection.

belegast

place name. Void

Noldorin term for the “Void” appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, a combination of beleg “great” and Gast “void” (Ety/KUM), also appearing as a variant Belego containing gaw “void” (Ety/GAS).

iâr

noun. blood

ui

adverb. ever

ath-

prefix. on both sides, across

athrad

noun. (river-)crossing, ford, way

brûn

adjective. old, that has long endured, or been established, or in use

dannas

noun. autumn

dantilais

noun. autumn

edhel

noun. Elf

ephel

noun. outer fence, encircling fence

firith

noun. autumn

gast

proper name. Void

A name for the Void beyond the world appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, more fully Belegast (Ety/KUM).

gaw

noun. void

gaw

noun. void

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

ingem

adjective. old (of person, in mortal sense: decripit, suffering from old age)

New word coined by the Elves after meeting with Men

io

adverb. ago

io

adverb. ago

iâr

noun. blood

lasbelin

noun. autumn

lhand

adjective. wide, broad

lhann

adjective. wide, broad

lhasbelin

noun. season of autumn

pann

adjective. wide

pann

adjective. wide

rhess

noun. ravine

rhess

noun. ravine

rhis

noun. ravine

rhis

noun. ravine

thar-

prefix. across, athwart, over, beyond

thora-

verb. to fence

ûr

noun. wide

ûr

adjective. wide

iand

suffix. iand

suff. >> -iann, -ion

iathrim

noun. Elves of Doriath

iant

noun. bridge

A Sindarin word for “bridge” appearing in a number of names such as Iant Iaur “Old Bridge” (SA/iant; WJ/333), Esgaliant “Bridge of Esgalduin” (WJ/333), and Varanduiniant “Bridge of Baranduin” (SD/129).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. iant was glossed “yoke” and N. ianw was “bridge”, both derived from the root ᴹ√YAT “join” (Ety/YAT). Another possible precursor is G. rantha “arch, bridge” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/65), which is reduced to -rant in compounds (GL/31, 50) and is probably derived from the early root ᴱ√RAÞA that was the basis for ᴱQ. ranta “arch, bridge” (QL/79).

iant iaur

place name. Old Bridge

The bridge over the river Esgalduin (S/121). This name is a combination of iant “bridge” and iaur “old” (SA/iant, iaur).

iarwain

masculine name. Old-young

A title of Tom Bombadil (LotR/1114), translated “Old-young” in an unpublished letter from 1968 (RC/128). This name is a combination of iaur “old” (SA/iant) and the lenited form of gwain “young”.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Iaur (the adjective iaur “old” as a name) alongside N. Erion, both translated “Eldest” (TI/125).

iarwain ben-adar

masculine name. Oldest and Fatherless

Fuller title of Tom Bombadil, loosely translated “oldest and fatherless” (LotR/265). This first word is the name Iarwain, and the second is a combination of the lenited form of the prefix pen “without” and the noun adar “father” (PE17/34).

iathrim

collective name. *People of the Fence

A name for the Elves of Doriath, a combination of iath “fence” and the class-plural suffix -rim (WJ/378).

Iant Iaur

noun. old bridge

iant (“bridge”), iaur (“old”)

ianu

noun. (?) yoke

It originally meant "bridge" in the Etymologies, but was apparently switched with iant

iarwain

adjective. old-young (that is old, but yet still very vigorous)

Elvish name of Tom Bombadil, rendered as "oldest" in LotR, which made some people interpret this word as a superlative form (of iaur ). However this theory was later controversed. While no other superlatives in -wain are known, einior , attested in PM/358 (where it is rendered as "eldest"), makes a much better candidate for a superlative construct (conceivably built from the intensive prefix an- and iaur shortened in final position). Moreover, comparing iarwain to narwain , Bertrand Bellet noted in Lambengolmor/642 that iarwain could as well be interpreted as an old compound construct, of the primitive jâra (Q. yára, S. iaur ) and *winjâ (Q. vinya, S. gwain ). He thus suggested that iarwain could actually mean "old-new". This analysis was afterwards confirmed by RC/128, quoting a (yet) unpublished draft letter from Tolkien dated from 1968, which states: "Iarwain = old-young, presumably as far as anybody remembered, he had always looked much the same, old but very vigorous"

iarwain

noun. the oldest

iaur (“old”) + wain (adj. superlative suffix) #The meaning of the last element is not entirely clear.

iath

noun. fence

iaur

adjective. old, old; [N.] ancient, olden

iach

noun. ford

iand

adjective. wide

iaun

adjective. wide, extensive, large, roomy, vast, huge

iavas

noun. autumn, autumn, *harvest (time)

iach

noun. ford, crossing

iant

noun. bridge

iath

noun. fence

iaun

adjective. large

adj. large, extensive, wide, vast, huge. Q. yāna-. >> -ion

iaur

adjective. ancient, old, original

iaur

adjective. older, former

iavas

noun. season of autumn

baranduiniant

w7D2{#hJ5`B1[D noun. Bridge of Baranduin

A compound of Baranduin and iant as seen in the King's letter.

ia

iâ

The word is a descendant form of yagā, deriving from the root YAG.

ia

ago

ia, io

ia

ago

io

Iant Iaur

Iant Iaur

Iant Iaur means "Old Bridge", from iant "bridge" and iaur "old".

iavas

Iavas

The word contains a possible Sindarin word for fruit plus the abstract ending -as. The actual word for fruit is not known but it's most likely iaf (cf. Q. yáve, yava) Possible OS form jabasse

iathrim

doriath, people of

Iathrim (”Fence-people”) (WJ:378)

iathrim

people of doriath

Iathrim (”Fence-people”) (WJ:378);

iathrim

people of doriath

(”Fence-people”) (WJ:378);

iathrim

doriath, people of

(”Fence-people”) (WJ:378)

iaeth

neck

1) iaeth; no distinct pl. form. 2) lanc (throat), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

iaew

mocking

(noun) iaew (scorn); no distinct pl. form.

iaew

scorn

iaew (mocking); no distinct pl. form.

iant

bridge

(yoke), pl. iaint, coll. pl. iannath.

iant

yoke

iant (bridge), pl. iaint, coll. pl. iannath

iant

yoke

(bridge), pl. iaint, coll. pl. iannath

ianu

bridge

1) *ianu, analogical pl. ieny.; coll. pl. likely ianwath, given the archaic form ianw (which is the form listed in the Etymologies), 2) iant (yoke), pl. iaint, coll. pl. iannath. SKY-BRIDGE, see RAINBOW

ianu

bridge

analogical pl. ieny.; coll. pl. likely ianwath, given the archaic form ianw (which is the form listed in the Etymologies)

iarwain

eldest

iarwain (based on Iarwain as a name of Tom Bombadil, perhaps literally ”old-new”).

iarwain

eldest

 (based on Iarwain as a name of Tom Bombadil, perhaps literally ”old-new”).

iaun

fane

iaun (holy place, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath

iaun

holy place

iaun (fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath

iaun

holy place

iaun (fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath;

iaun

sanctuary

iaun (holy place, fane), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath

iaur

old

1) iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare ELDER, ELDEST, q.v. 2) brûn (long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

iaur

old

(ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare

iaur

former

iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, old), pl. ioer

iaur

former

(ior-, iar-) (ancient, old), pl. ioer

iaur

ancient

iaur (in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer

iaur

ancient

(in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer

iavas

autumn

1) iavas, pl. iavais, coll. pl. iavassath; 2)

iavas

autumn

pl. iavais, coll. pl. iavassath

iavas

season of autumn

iavas, pl. iavais, coll. pl. iavassath, also lasbelin (”leaf-withering”), no distinct pl. form. Coll. pl. lasbeliniath.

iavas

season of autumn

pl. iavais, coll. pl. iavassath, also lasbelin (”leaf-withering”), no distinct pl. form. Coll. pl. lasbeliniath.

iaw

ravine

1) iaw (cleft, gulf), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”. 2) ress (construct res), pl. riss (idh riss), 3) rest (cleft, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 4) riss (construct ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh riss)

iaw

corn

(not = ”maize”) iaw, pl. ioe (in ”Noldorin” the pl. was iui, VT46:22). Note: a homophone means ”ravine, cleft, gulf”.

iaewen

adjective. scornful

ianna-

verb. to join, connect

iavren

adjective. fertile

iaeda-

verb. to mock, deride, make fun of, laugh at

iaeth

neck

; no distinct pl. form.

iaew

mocking

(scorn); no distinct pl. form.

iaew

scorn

(mocking); no distinct pl. form.

ialla-

call

(VT46:22), also can- (i gân, i chenir) (shout, cry out). See also

ialt

noun. yoke

ialtha-

verb. to yoke, join

iannen

adjective. joined, connected

iaun

holy place

(fane, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath

iaun

fane

(holy place, sanctuary), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath

iaun

sanctuary

(holy place, fane), pl. ioen, coll. pl. ionath

iaust

noun. crop, *yield, produce; corn

iav-

verb. to produce, yield, bear fruit

iaw

ravine

(cleft, gulf), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.

iaw

gulf

(cleft, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.

iaw

corn

pl. ioe (in ”Noldorin” the pl. was iui, VT46:22). Note: a homophone means ”ravine, cleft, gulf”.

dúnedhel

noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)

iâ

noun. chasm, pit; void, abyss, chasm, pit; void, abyss; [N.] gulf

A word variously glossed “void, abyss” (Let/383), “chasm, pit” (PE17/35), or “gulf” (Ety/YAG), it was the final element in the name S. Moria “Black Chasm, Black Pit”. It was a derivative of the root √YAG. In The Etymologies of the 1930s its primitive form was given as ᴹ✶yagu- (Ety/YAG), in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s its primitive form was ᴹ✶yagō (RS/437), while in a 1967 letter its primitive form was ✶yagā (Let/383).

agarwaen

masculine name. Blood-stained

A name adopted by Túrin in Nargothrond to hide his identity (S/210). It is translated “Blood-stained”, and seems to be a compound of agar “blood” and the lenited form waen of gwaen “stained”, but neither of these words are otherwise attested.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies this name appeared as N. Iarwath, a compound of N. iâr “blood” and gwath “stain” (Ety/YAR, WAƷ). Another variant, N. iârvael, appeared in some orthography notes from a slightly later period (PE22/67). A third variant form Iarwaeth appeared in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, but it was later rejected and changed to Agarwaen as in the published Silmarillion (WJ/83, 256).

agar

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing as an element in the name Agarwaen (S/210). It’s later etymology is unclear.

Conceptual Development: An earlier iteration of the name was N. {Iarvael >>} N. Iarwath “Blood-stained” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the element was N. iâr “blood” from the root ᴹ√YAR of the same meaning (Ety/YAR). Tolkien considered changing the root to ᴹ√YOR and the Noldorin form to iûr (EtyAC/YAR). This seems to be transient idea, since the name Iarwaeth “Bloodstained” appeared in the Grey Annals from the early 1950s (WJ/83) before ultimately being replaced by Agarwaen (WJ/142).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d stick to the better-described sereg for “blood”.

iâ

chasm

_ n. _chasm, pit. >> Moria

athar

across

(preposition) *athar (beyond). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. Also (as adverbial prefix) ath- (on both sides), athra-, thar- (athwart, over, beyond)

athar

across

(beyond). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. – Also (as adverbial prefix) ath- (on both sides), athra-, thar- (athwart, over, beyond)

athrad

crossing

1) athrad (ford), pl. ethraid**, 2) iach (ford), pl. iaich**

athrad

crossing

(ford), pl. ethraid, 2) iach (ford), pl. iaich

esta

call

1) (vb.) esta- (to name) (i esta, in estar), 2) (call out) ialla- (VT46:22), also can- (i gân, i chenir) (shout, cry out). See also CRY (OUT).

gaw

void

(noun) 1) gaw (i **aw), pl. goe (i ngoe = i ñoe), 2) (noun, "the Void" beyond the world) Gast (i **Ast if the word can occur with article and is not counted as a proper name), 3) iâ (chasm, gulf, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

iphant

full of years

(aged, long-lived), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.

iâ

gulf

1) iâ (chasm, void, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383), 2) iaw (cleft, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.

iâ

gulf

(chasm, void, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

iâ

chasm

iâ (gulf, void, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

iâ

chasm

(gulf, void, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

iâ

void

(chasm, gulf, abyss), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

iâ

abyss

iâ (chasm, void, gulf), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

iâ

abyss

(chasm, void, gulf), pl. iai (LR:400, RS:437, Letters:383)

iâth

fence

(noun) 1) iâth (construct iath, pl. iaith) (WJ:370, 378), also ?iâd (construct iad), pl. iaid. 2) lest (girdle, boundary), pl. list, 3) (outer/encircling fence) ephel (pl. ephil), 4) (with spikes and sharp stakes) cail (i gail, o chail) (palisade); no distinct pl. form except with article (i chail).

iâth

fence

(construct iath, pl. iaith) (WJ:370, 378), also ?iâd (construct iad), pl. iaid.

iûr

blood

iûr (construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare: BLOODSTAINED agarwaen (agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ””, see STONECROP

iûr

blood

(construct iur, pl. iuir if there is a pl.), also iâr (construct iar, pl. iair if there is a pl.) (VT46:22) 3) agar (pl. egair if there is a pl.) Maybe this refers primarily to blood as "gore"; compare:

l

autumn

asbelin (”leaf-withering”), no distinct pl. form. Coll. pl. l**asbeliniath**.

lasbelin

autumn

lasbelin (”leaf-withering”), no distinct pl. form. Coll. pl. lasbeliniath.

pen

less

S pen (lenited ben) (without, lacking) (WJ:375) The phrase ben-adar ”without father, fatherless” is treated as an adjective and lenited following a noun (Iarwain ben-adar, Iarwain the Fatherless or Iarwain without father). Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.

pen

less

(lenited ben) (without, lacking) (WJ:375) The phrase ben-adar ”without father, fatherless” is treated as an adjective and lenited following a noun (Iarwain ben-adar, Iarwain the Fatherless or Iarwain without father).  Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.

rohirrim

people of rohan

(Gondorian pronunciation of Rochirrim; see

Teler

noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri

ach

noun. neck

n. neck, refeering properly to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat). 'geographical' form achad. Q. akas (later akse) pl. aksi. Fachad

ach

noun. neck, neck, *(upper) spine

A word for “neck” appearing in notes written around 1967, derived from primitive aks based on the root √AKAS “neck, ridge” (PE17/92), where the ks became ch (IPA [x]). Tolkien specified that it was “referring properly only to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat)”, so a more accurate translation might be “✱(upper) spine”. A more ordinary word for “neck” as a passage from mouth to the stomach and lungs would be lang.

achad

noun. neck (properly referring only to the bony vertebral part not including the throat)

achad

neck

n. neck, refeering properly to the vertebrae (the bony part of the neck not including throat). This is a 'geographical' form, S. ach. Q. akas (later akse) pl. aksi. Fach, AchadTarlang

aer

adjective. holy

agar

noun. blood

athra-

prefix. across

athrad

noun. (river-)crossing, ford, way

beleg

adjective. large

adj. large, great. Q. melek-.

beleg

adjective. large

adj. large, great, big. . This gloss was rejected.

cail

noun. fence or palisade of spikes and sharp stakes

calben

noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")

calben

noun. all Elves but the Avari

echuir

noun. a season, the beginning of spring

edhel

noun. Elf

edhel

noun. Elf

_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen

edhel

Elf

pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel

edhel

Elf

{ð} _n. _Elf.

edhel

Elf

d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.

edhelharn

noun. elf-stone

egladhrim

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

eglath

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

ell

noun. elf

n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.

elleth

noun. elf-maid

ellon

noun. elf

elvellon

noun. elf-friend

ephel

noun. outer fence, encircling fence

ethuil

noun. season of spring

firith

noun. season of fading

galadhrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

glinnel

noun. Elf, one of the Teleri

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

gódhel

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

gódhellim

noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk

him

adverb/adjective. ever, ever, [N.] enduring, continually; steadfast, abiding

iâ

noun. gulf

iâ

noun. abyss, void

iâth

noun. fence

iâth

noun. fence

lachend

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

lachenn

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

laegel

noun. a Green Elf

laegeldrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

laegrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

laer

noun. season of summer

land

adjective. wide, broad

lasbelin

noun. season of autumn

miniel

noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar

mornedhel

noun. Dark-Elf

nalla

noun. call

nallan

noun. call

A word appearing in the 1st edition of The Lord of the Rings from 1954 in the phrase le nallan sí di’nguruthos. In Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien translated {nallon >>} nallon as “a call”, followed by another form nalla, with alternates nalla, nalloth, nallar in the upper margin. Christopher Gilson suggested that the gloss might instead be “to call” or “my call”; if the latter is correct, then nallan might be the 1st sg. possessive form of nalla.

In the 2nd edition of The Lord of the Rings from 1965 Tolkien changed nallan to nallon. In The Road Goes Ever On (RGEO) from 1967 he confirmed that this new form was a verb form meaning “I cry” (RGEO/64).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I think we can retain nallan as a noun for “a call”. While it is tempting to use the form nalla instead, I have no idea how the a might have survived at the end of this word, so I think nallan is better.

nallar

noun. call

nalloth

noun. call

pâd

ford

_ n. _ford. Also called athrad 'crossing'.

riss

noun. ravine

sereg

noun. blood

sereg

noun. blood

n. blood. Q. serke. >> seregorn

sereg

noun. blood

A noun for “blood” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √SEREK of the same meaning (PE17/185). It was an element in the name seregon “blood of stone”, the name of a red plant (S/203; UT/148).

tawarwaith

noun. Silvan elves

telerrim

noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves

thar

adverb. across

adv. & prep. across. . This gloss was rejected.

thar-

prefix. across, athwart, over, beyond

thar-

across

_ pref. _across, over, properly 'athwart'. Original S. form þara-. See also the rejected glose in PE17:34.

ui

adverb. ever

ui-

prefix. ever

ódhel

noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk

ódhellim

noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk

agarwaen

bloodstained

(agar + gwaen). Probably no distinct pl. form. ”

athrad

ford

athrad, pl. ethraid

athrad

ford

pl. ethraid

brûn

elder, eldest

(long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

cail

fence

(i gail, o chail) (palisade); no distinct pl. form except with article (i chail).

cofn

void

(adjective) cofn (empty), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn

cofn

void

(empty), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn

daer

large

daer (great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

large

(great), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

dannas

autumn

(noun) dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais), also dant (i dhant) (fall, falling), pl. daint (i naint). (PM:135)

dannas

autumn

(i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais), also dant (i dhant) (fall, falling), pl. daint (i naint). (PM:135)

dath

abyss

dath (i dhath) (hole, pit, steep fall), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)

dath

abyss

(i dhath) (hole, pit, steep fall), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)

denwaith

people of denwe

(WJ:385);

duin

large river

(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54)

edhel

elf

edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

eitha

treat with scorn

(prick with a sharp point, stab, insult) (i eitha, in eithar)

ephel

fence

(pl. ephil)

esta

call

(to name) (i esta, in estar)

falch

ravine

(deep cleft), pl. felch

gaer

holy

gaer (awful, fearful); lenited aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

gaer

holy

(awful, fearful); lenited ’aear; no distinct pl. form. Note: homophones mean "reddish, copper-coloured, ruddy" and also "sea".

galadhrim

people of the trees

(Elves of Lórien)

gast

void

(i ’Ast if the word can occur with article and is not counted as a proper name)

gaw

void

(i ’aw), pl. goe (i ngoe = i ñoe)

gwaith

people

gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**).

gwaith

people

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

gwathuirim

people of dunland

(”shadowy people”) (PM:330);

haradrim

people of the south

(southerners, southrons);

ilphen

 noun. everyone

il- (every/all) + pen (someone/somebody).

iâd

noun. fence

iâd

noun. waist; isthmus

A neologism for “waist; isthmus” coined by Tamas Ferencz appearing in the VQP (VQP), based on the root ᴹ√YAT “join”.

iâf

noun. fruit

laden

wide

1) laden (plain, flat, open, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT), 2) land (plain), pl. laind. Also used as noun ”open space, level”. 3) pann (i bann, o phann, construct pan), pl. pain (i phain). Since the pl. form clashes with *pain ”all” (mutated phain, SD:129), other terms may be preferred for clarity. 4) ûr (pl. uir). Notice the homophone ûr ”fire, heat”.

laden

wide

(plain, flat,  open, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)

lanc

neck

(throat), pl. lainc, coll. pl. langath. Note: homophones mean ”naked” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

land

wide

(plain), pl. laind. Also used as noun ”open space, level”.

lest

fence

(girdle, boundary), pl. list

limloth

noun. hyacinth

A neologism coined by Parmandil and Echuidor, posted on 2025-03-25 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) as the equivalent of ᴺQ. linquelos.

mas

adverb. where

palan

over a wide area

(far off)

pann

wide

(i bann, o phann, construct pan), pl. pain (i phain). Since the pl. form clashes with ✱pain ”all” (mutated phain, SD:129), other terms may be preferred for clarity.

pêl

fence, fenced field

(i bêl, construct pel) (enclosure, garth), pl. peli (i pheli), the latter forms reflecting the stem pele- (root PEL(ES), LR:380)

ress

ravine

(construct res), pl. riss (idh riss)

rest

ravine

(cleft, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)

riss

ravine

(construct ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh riss)****

sereg

blood

1) sereg (i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. (Silm App, entry sereg.) 2)

sereg

blood

(i hereg, o sereg), pl. serig (i serig) if there is a pl. *(Silm App, entry sereg.)*

thangail

shield fence

(shield wall). No distinct pl. form? (UT:281)

thora

fence

(verb) *thora- (the curious form ”thoro-” occurs in the primary source, LR:393 s.v. THUR). The passive participle thoren ”fenced, guarded, hidden” is cited (pl. thorin).

thora

fence

(the curious form ”thoro-” occurs in the primary source, LR:393 s.v. THUR). The passive participle thoren ”fenced, guarded, hidden” is cited (pl. thorin).

ui

ever

ui (always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in *uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin

ui

ever

(always); also used as adj. ”everlasting, eternal”. Also as prefix, as in ✱uidafnen ”ever-closed) (WJ:341, where the spelling ”uidavnen” is used), pl. uidefnin

ûr

wide

(pl. uir). Notice the homophone ûr ”fire, heat”.

serek

root. blood

A root in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 given as the basis for the “blood” words Q. serke and S. sereg as well as the flower name S. seregon “blood of stone” (PE17/184), a flower name that also appeared (untranslated) in The Silmarillion (S/203). It may replace the root ᴹ√YAR “blood” from The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. yár and N. iâr of the same meaning, the later an element in the surname of Túrin: N. Iarwath “Blood-stain” (Ety/YAR). In later Silmarillion drafts, it became Iarwaeth (WJ/83) and then S. Agarwaen “Blood-stained”, the form it took in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/210). The etymology of S. agar- “blood” is unclear.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I’d stick to √SEREK = “blood”.

yalta

root. yoke

-āga

suffix. genitive

-ō

suffix. genitive

oio

adverb. ever

okhor

noun. blood

yad

root. wide

cwenda

noun. elf

A doubtful word according to Tolkien's later conception; in the branch of Eldarin that Nandorin belongs to, primitive KW became P far back in Elvish linguistic history [WJ:375 cf. 407 note 5]. This was not a problem in Tolkien's earlier conception, in which the Danians came from the host of the Noldor, not the Teleri [see PM:76; the idea of the Nandor being of Noldorin origin also occurs in VT47:29]. In his later version of Nandorin, the word cwenda is probably best ignored; simply emending it to *penda would produce a clash with primitive pendâ "sloping" [cf. WJ:375].

In the Etymologies, Tolkien derived cwenda from kwenedê "elf" (stem KWEN(ED) of similar meaning, LR:366; as for the shift of original final -ê to Nandorin -â, compare hrassa "precipice" from khrassê). But later the primitive word that yielded Quenya Quende was reconstructed as kwende (WJ:360).

No certain example shows how original short final -e comes out in Nandorin, so we cannot say whether kwende is also capable of yielding cwenda, ignoring the question of kw failing to become p.

Danas

noun. Green-elves, Nandor

In Etym derived from the stem DAN (LR:353), simply defined as an "element found in names of the Green-elves", and tentatively compared to NDAN "back" (since the Nandor "turned back" and did not complete the march to the Sea). Tolkien's later view on the derivation of the name of the Green-elves, as set down in WJ:412, is that the stem dan- and its strengthened form ndan- do indeed have a similar meaning: these forms have to do with "the reversal of an action, so as to undo or nullify its effect", and a primitive form ndandô, "one who goes back on his word or decision", is suggested. However, it seems unlikely that the Nandor would have called themselves by such a name, and indeed Tolkien in WJ:385 states that "this people still called themselves by the old clan-name Lindai [= Quenya Lindar], which had at that time taken the form Lindi in their tongue". It may be, then, that Tolkien had rejected the idea that the Nandor called themselves Danas. - As for the ending -as, it is probably to be compared to the Sindarin class plural ending -ath; indeed a Sindarin ("Noldorin") form Danath evidently closely corresponding to Danas is given in LR:353.

galadrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

Note: "The Galadrim were 'Tree-people' (though the formation is Sindarin, + S [rim] = Q rimbë, great number) = true Sindarin galadhrim."

akhâs

noun. chasm

A noun for “chasm” attested only in the prepositional phrase akhāsada “into chasm” (SD/247) and akhās-ada “chasm-into” (SD/311), the latter example making it clear which element means what.

forn

masculine name. Eldest

hacta, hatta

noun. fence

fence, hedge