Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
Sindarin
pen
adverb. lacking
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
pen
preposition. without, lacking, -less
pen²
noun. one, somebody, anybody, *[N.] Elf
pen¹
preposition/prefix. without, lacking, -less
tegil
noun. pen
tegil
noun. penSindarized form of Quenya tekil, not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor (but see however tegol for a possible dialectal variant)
tegol
noun. pen
pen-
without
adanath
noun. men
er
adjective. one, alone
dîr¹
noun. man, *[N.] adult male, *agental suffix
gwe
noun. man, warrior
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
min²
cardinal. one, *[G.] single
adan
noun. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men)
tre-
prefix. through
ar-
prefix. without, by, **beside, *[N.] outside, *[S.] without, *beside, *[G.] along with, *compared with
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
godref
adverb. through together
Dúnadan
noun. Man of the west, Númenórean
adanadar
noun. man, one of the Fathers of Men
drúadan
noun. wild man, one of the Woses
drû
noun. wild man, Wose, Púkel-ManIn PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appeared as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word
* ar
without(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)
trî
preposition. through
* trî
through(prep.) trî ;
* ú
without(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:
* pen
anybodypen (one, somebody) (WJ:376); lenited ben
* pen
somebodypen (one, anybody) (WJ:376); lenited ben
* pen
lessS pen (lenited ben) (without, lacking) (WJ:375) The phrase ben-adar ”without father, fatherless” is treated as an adjective and lenited following a noun (Iarwain ben-adar, Iarwain the Fatherless or Iarwain without father). Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”.
* pen
without1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)
* pen
cardinal. one(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
* pen
pronoun. us (inclusive)
* tegil
pentegil (i degil, o thegil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thegil) (PM:318). Also (at least in ”Noldorin”) tegol (i degol, o thegol), analogical pl. tegyl (i thegyl)
* gwen
pronoun. us (inclusive)
* dîr
man1) (adult male of any speaking race) dîr (dír-, also agentive ending -dir or -nir; with article, i nîr, hard mutation as in o ndîr), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndîr); coll. pl. díriath. Also benn (i venn, construct ben), pl. binn (i minn). The latter is in archaic language used = "husband" (the etymological meaning). The ending -we in names may also express ”being, man, person”. 2) (mortal human as opposed to Elf) Adan (pl. Edain; the coll. pl. Adanath is attested). The word Adan came to be used primarily of a member of the Three Houses of the Edain, not of the mortal race of Men in general.
* min
cardinal. one1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
* tre
through(adverbial prefix, sometimes = ”completely”) tre-, tri-. For an example of this prefix, see TELL TO END.
adv. lacking, without.