Sindarin
pend
slope
pend
penda
pend
noun/adjective. slope, steep incline, hill side; sloping (down), steeply inclined, slope, steep incline, hill side, [N.] declivity; [S.] sloping (down), steeply inclined
A noun for “slope” (RC/525) or a “steep incline, hill side” (PE17/24), also used as an adjective for “steeply inclined, sloping down” (PE17/24) or “steeply sloping” (PE17/173). In keeping with the general conventions of this lexicon, I represent it as pend since Tolkien said -nd frequently survived “at the end of fully accented monosyllables” (LotR/1115), but in his notes Tolkien marked pend as Old Sindarin and gave penn as the modern form (PE17/24, 173).
Conceptual Development: The earliest appearance of this word was in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s as ᴱN. benn (†bend) with glosses like “inclined, sloping” (PE13/138) or “slanting, sloping, up or down hill” (PE13/160). In this period it as derived from primitive ᴱ✶bendā and was an adjective only; the noun form was ᴱN. binn.
In The Etymologies of the 1930s it first appeared as N. denn (†dend) “sloping” as a derivative of ᴹ√DEN “hillside, slope”, but the meaning of this root was change to ᴹ√DEN “hole; gap, passage” (Ety/DEN). Tolkien introduced a new root ᴹ√PEN(ED) with the derivative N. penn (†pend) “declivity” (Ety/PEN). In later writings, though, its root form was √PED instead of ᴹ√PEN, as √PEN was given the new sense “lack, be without” (PE17/173; WJ/375).
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- S. Pinnath Gelin “Green Ridges” ✧ PE17/024
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶pendā > pend > penn [pendā] > [penda] > [pend] > [penn] ✧ PE17/173 Variations
- penn ✧ PE17/173; RC/525
penn
penda
adj. Q. penda. >> pend
penn
slope
pl1. pinn _n. _slope. >> #pend
penn
noun. declivity, slope
adlanna-
verb. to slope, slant
dant
noun. fall
lant
noun. fall
danna
fall
_ v. _fall. Q. lanta-.
danna-
verb. to fall
Written dant- in the Etymologies
pend
declivity
pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (fall), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath
pend
declivity
(i bend, o phend; construct pen) (fall), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath
pind
slope
(noun) 1) #pind (i bind; construct pin) (declivity), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath (in the name Pinnath Gelin). 2) talad (i dalad, o thalad) (incline), pl. telaid (i thelaid).
pind
declivity
*pind (i bind; construct pin) (slope), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath (in the name Pinnath Gelin).
adlanna
slope
(vb.) *adlanna- (slant) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-.
adlanna
slope
(slant) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-.
dant
fall, falling
(i dhant) (autumn), pl. daint (i naint), also (and maybe particularly when the meaning is "autumn") dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais) (PM:135)
dath
steep fall
(i dhath) (hole, pit, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8).
dû
nightfall
(i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)
lant
fall
_(noun) _1) #lant (pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)
lant
fall
(pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)
danna
fall
(verb) ?danna- (i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.
danna
fall
(i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.
lanthir
waterfall
(no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.
pl1. pind _n. _slope. >> #penn, pind, pinn