pendë

slope, downslope, declivity

pendë noun "slope, downslope, declivity" (PEN/PÉNED), "steep incline, hill side" (PE17:24)

penda-

slope, incline

penda- vb. "slope, incline" (PE17:171, 173)

nendë

slope, hillside

[nendë] (2) noun "slope, hillside" (DEN, struck out; compare VT45:9)

lanta

fall

lanta (1) noun "a fall" (DAT/DANT (TALÁT) ), also lantë.

lantë

fall

#lantë (1) noun "fall" in Noldolantë, q.v. Also lanta.

lantë

noun. fall

The word lasselanta “leaf-fall, autumn” (LotR/1107) indicate the form this word should be lanta, which is how it appears in The Etymologies. However, the alternate lassewinta (PM/376) seems to be formed with the infinitive of the verb winta- rather than a noun, so perhaps lasselanta is a similar formation from the verb lanta- “to fall”.

The form lantë, appearing in Noldolantë “Fall of the Noldor” (S/87), more strongly resembles other Quenya nouns, which more often end in -e rather than -a. The noun atalantë “collapse, downfall” is a similar formation from the related verb [ᴹQ.] atalta-, though it could also be the past formation “downfallen” of this TALAT-stem verb.

Derivations

• √DAT “fall down, fall to ground”

Element in

• Q. Noldolantë “Fall of the Noldor” ✧ S/087

lanta-

fall

lanta- (2) "fall" (DAT/DANT (TALÁT), Narqelion, VT45:26, VT49:54); lantar aorist tense pl. (Nam, RGEO:66); pl. pa.t. lantaner "fell" (pl.) (SD:246); lantier "they fell", a plural past tense of lanta- "fall" occurring in LR:47; read probably lantaner in LotR-style Quenya, as in SD:246. Also sg. lantië "fell" (LR:56); read likewise *lantanë? (The forms in -ier, -ië seem to be properly perfects.) Future tense lantuva, VT49:47. Participle lantala "falling" (with locative ending: lantalassë) in Markirya.

lantar

fall

-r plural ending used on verbs with a plural subject (VT49:48, 50, 51), e.g. lantar "fall" in Namárië (with the plural subject lassi "leaves"), or unduláver as the pl. form of undulávë "licked down, covered" (PE17:72). The ending is sometimes missing where we might expect it; for instance, the verb tarnë "stood" has multiple subjects and yet does not appear as *tarner in PE17:71.

pend

slope

pl1. pind _n. _slope. >> #penn, pind, pinn

pend

penda

adj. Q. penda. >> penn, pind, pinn

pend

noun/adjective. slope, steep incline, hill side; sloping (down), steeply inclined, slope, steep incline, hill side, [N.] declivity; [S.] sloping (down), steeply inclined

A noun for “slope” (RC/525) or a “steep incline, hill side” (PE17/24), also used as an adjective for “steeply inclined, sloping down” (PE17/24) or “steeply sloping” (PE17/173). In keeping with the general conventions of this lexicon, I represent it as pend since Tolkien said -nd frequently survived “at the end of fully accented monosyllables” (LotR/1115), but in his notes Tolkien marked pend as Old Sindarin and gave penn as the modern form (PE17/24, 173).

Conceptual Development: The earliest appearance of this word was in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s as ᴱN. benn (†bend) with glosses like “inclined, sloping” (PE13/138) or “slanting, sloping, up or down hill” (PE13/160). In this period it as derived from primitive ᴱ✶bendā and was an adjective only; the noun form was ᴱN. binn.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s it first appeared as N. denn (†dend) “sloping” as a derivative of ᴹ√DEN “hillside, slope”, but the meaning of this root was change to ᴹ√DEN “hole; gap, passage” (Ety/DEN). Tolkien introduced a new root ᴹ√PEN(ED) with the derivative N. penn (†pend) “declivity” (Ety/PEN). In later writings, though, its root form was √PED instead of ᴹ√PEN, as √PEN was given the new sense “lack, be without” (PE17/173; WJ/375).

Cognates

• Q. penda “sloping down, (steeply) inclined” ✧ PE17/024; PE17/173
• Q. pendë “steep incline, hill side, steep incline, hillside, [ᴹQ.] (down) slope, declivity” ✧ PE17/024

Derivations

• ✶pendā “sloping” ✧ PE17/173
  • √PED “slope, slant down” ✧ PE17/173; WJ/375

Element in

• S. Pinnath Gelin “Green Ridges” ✧ PE17/024

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶pendā > pend > penn	[pendā] > [penda] > [pend] > [penn]	✧ PE17/173

Variations

• penn ✧ PE17/173; RC/525

penn

penda

adj. Q. penda. >> pend

penn

slope

pl1. pinn _n. _slope. >> #pend

penn

noun. declivity, slope

adlanna-

verb. to slope, slant

dant

noun. fall

lant

noun. fall

danna

fall

_ v. _fall. Q. lanta-.

danna-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies

pend

declivity

pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (fall), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath

pend

declivity

(i bend, o phend; construct pen) (fall), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath

pind

slope

(noun) 1) #pind (i bind; construct pin) (declivity), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath (in the name Pinnath Gelin). 2) talad (i dalad, o thalad) (incline), pl. telaid (i thelaid).

pind

declivity

*pind (i bind; construct pin) (slope), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath (in the name Pinnath Gelin).

adlanna

slope

(vb.) *adlanna- (slant) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-.

adlanna

slope

(slant) (i adlanna, in adlannar). This is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” atlanna-.

dant

fall, falling

(i dhant) (autumn), pl. daint (i naint), also (and maybe particularly when the meaning is "autumn") dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais) (PM:135)

dath

steep fall

(i dhath) (hole, pit, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8).

dû

nightfall

(i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

lant

fall

_(noun) _1) #lant (pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

lant

fall

(pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

danna

fall

(verb) ?danna- (i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

danna

fall

(i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

lanthir

waterfall

(no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.

pend

noun. declivity, slope

penn

noun. declivity, slope

penn

noun. declivity

Cognates

• ᴹQ. penda “sloping down, inclined” ✧ Ety/DEN
• ᴹQ. pende “slope, downslope, declivity” ✧ Ety/PEN

Derivations

• ᴹ√PEN(ED) “*hillside, slope” ✧ Ety/DEN; Ety/PEN

Element in

• N. amben “uphill, uphill; [ᴱN.] arduous, difficult, tiresome” ✧ Ety/DEN (amdenn); Ety/PEN
• N. dadben “downhill, inclined, prone, downhill, inclined, prone; [ᴱN.] (figuratively) easy-going, easy, not arduous” ✧ Ety/DEN (dadðenn/dadhenn); Ety/PEN
• N. pendrath “passage up or down slope, stairway”
• N. Pensarn

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√DEN > dend > denn	[ndenda] > [denda] > [dend] > [denn]	✧ Ety/DEN
ᴹ√PÉNED > pend > penn	[pende] > [pend] > [penn]	✧ Ety/PEN

Variations

• denn ✧ Ety/DEN (denn)
• penn ✧ Ety/PEN

atlanna-

verb. to slope, slant

dant-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies