Quenya 

pen-

to have

pen- vb. negative of #sam- "to have" (q.v.), used as a negative answer to inquires on ownership: penin "no / I haven't" (PE17:173)

pen-

verb. not to have, not to have, *to lack

Derivations

  • PEN “lack, be without, have not” ✧ PE17/173

Element in

  • ᴺQ. penië “lack, want, shortage”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
PEN > pen-[pen-]✧ PE17/173

pen

without, not having

[pen prep. "without, not having" (PE17:171). Cf. Ú #1.]

nec-

without, -less

nec- prefix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. -enca, q.v.

nec-

prefix. without

Derivations

  • NEK “divide, separate, part; deprive” ✧ PE17/167

Element in

  • ᴺQ. necermëa “insubstantial, immaterial”
  • ᴺQ. necestel “hopelessness, despair, desperation”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
NEK > nec-[nek-]✧ PE17/167

-enca

without, -less

-enca suffix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. nec-, q.v.

quén

one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman

quén (quen-, as in pl. queni; as final element in compounds -quen) noun "one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman", pl. queni = "persons", "(some) people", "they" with the most general meaning (as in "they [= people in general] say that..."). The element is combined with noun and adjective stems in old compounds to denote habitual occupations or functions, or to describe those having some notable (permanent) quality; examples include roquen, ciryaquen, arquen, q.v. Also in aiquen "whoever", ilquen "everybody" (WJ:361 cf. 360, 372).

er

one, alone

er cardinal "one, alone" (ERE, VT48:6, VT49:54), in an early source also adv. "only, but, still" (LT1:269); Eru er "one God" (VT44:17; er was here emended by Tolkien from erëa, which seems to be an adjectival form *"one, single".)

a

cardinal. one

Quenya [PE 22:94; PE 22:124f] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

al-

prefix. -less

-less

Quenya [PE 18:30] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

au-

without

au- (3) privative prefix, = "without" (AWA)

erëa

cardinal. one

erëa adj.? "one" or *"single", apparently an adjectival form (see er) (VT44:17)

min

cardinal. one

min numeral "one", also minë (VT45:34, VT48:6)

min

cardinal. one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first

Cognates

  • S. min “one, one, [G.] single” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
  • T. min “one” ✧ VT48/06

Derivations

  • min “one”
    • MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out”

Element in

Quenya [PE17/095; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minë

cardinal. one

minë numeral "one", also min (MINI, VT45:34)

mir

cardinal. one

mir (2) cardinal "one" (LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather minë)

ava-

without

ava- (3) prefix "without" (AR2, AWA). In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" (q.v.)

-valta

-less

-valta suffix "-less", also -viltë (evidently endings used to derive adjectives like "lifeless") (GL:23) The ending -lóra appears with the same meaning in Tolkien's later Quenya.

-viltë

-less

-viltë adjectival ending "-less", also -valta (evidently endings used to derive adjectives like "lifeless") (GL:23). Rather -lóra in Tolkien's later Quenya.

-lóra

-less, without

-lóra ending "-less, without", as in ómalóra "voiceless" (VT45:28)

mo

one, someone, anyone

mo, indefinite pronoun "one, someone, anyone" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 20, 26)

ú

without, destitute of

ú (1) adv. and prep. "without, destitute of" (VT39:14). Usually followed by genitive: ú calo "without light" (cala). In one source, ú is seemingly also used as a negative verb "was not" (VT49:13), but Tolkien revised the text in question.

Sindarin 

pen-

-less

pref. -less. >> penadar

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:173] < PEN lack, have not. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

pen-

-less

pref. -less. Q. _pen _without, not having. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:171] < PEN lack, not have. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

pen-

without

(ben-) _ pref. _without,**less. pen-adar 'fatherless'. >> ben-, ú-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:34:144] < PENE lack. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

pen-

obsolete except in few names

pref. obsolete except in few names. >> -ben

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:141] < _kwenedē_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

pen-

verb. 'have not'

v. 'have not'. penimvast 'we have no bread'. >> ú-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:144] < PENE lack. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

pen-

verb. to have not

Derivations

  • PEN “lack, be without, have not” ✧ PE17/144; PE17/171; PE17/173

Element in

  • S. pen “without, lacking, -less” ✧ PE17/144
  • S. penim vast “we have no bread” ✧ PE17/144

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
PEN > pen-[pen-]✧ PE17/173
Sindarin [PE17/144; PE17/171; PE17/173] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody

Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2

Sindarin [WJ/376] Group: SINDICT. Published by

pen

preposition. without, lacking, -less

Sindarin [Iarwain ben-adar LotR/II:II] Group: SINDICT. Published by

pen

preposition/prefix. without, lacking, -less

Derivations

  • PEN “lack, be without, have not” ✧ PE17/173

Element in

  • S. Iarwain Ben-adar “Oldest and Fatherless” ✧ PE17/034; PE17/034; PE17/144; PE17/167
  • S. penbed “not pronouncable” ✧ PE17/145
  • ᴺS. pen-channas “stupid, idiotic, *(lit.) lack-wit”
  • ᴺS. penestel “hopelessness, despair, desperation; hopeless, despairing, desperate”
  • ᴺS. pen-ind “insane, heartless, crazy”
  • S. pennod “without count” ✧ PE17/145
  • S. pennoediad “innumerable” ✧ PE17/145

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
PEN > pen-[pen-]✧ PE17/173

Variations

  • pen- ✧ PE17/034; PE17/173
  • pen ✧ PE17/144; PE17/145
Sindarin [PE17/034; PE17/144; PE17/145; PE17/167; PE17/173] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody, one, somebody, anybody; [N.] Elf

A Sindarin pronoun with the sense “one, somebody, anybody” appearing in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, also used as a suffix in words like orodben “mountaineer” and rochben “rider” (WJ/376), originally “✱mountain-person” and “✱horse-person”. It was thus more narrow in scope than its Quenya cognate quén “person”. Hints of this word can be found in other late writings, such as in the final element in Morben (PE17/141; EtyAC/MOR), originally “Dark-elf” but later expanded to include any people who are not among the Celbin “✱Light folk”, which applied to “peoples in alliance in the War against Morgoth” (WJ/377).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. penn meant “Elf” in the compound N. Morbenn “Dark-elf”, though this word was rejected (EtyAC/MOR). The word N. penn, plural i-phinn “the Elves” also appeared in notes on Ælfwine’s spelling from around 1937-8 (PE22/67). This Noldorin form was thus a cognate of ᴹQ. Qende “Elf”, though elsewhere the usual cognate was N. penedh (Ety/KWEN(ED)); see the entry on S. penedh for further discussion. However, the later Sindarin pronoun/suffix “had no special association with Elves” (WJ/376).

Cognates

  • Q. quén “person, individual, man or woman; one, somebody” ✧ WJ/361

Derivations

  • kwende “speaker, elf” ✧ PE17/141
    • KWENED “spoken, articulate, spoken, articulate; [ᴹ√] Elf” ✧ PE17/137
    • KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ PE19/093
      • KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392
    • KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ PE17/140; WJ/360
    • KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392
  • kwēn “person, one, (some)body” ✧ WJ/360
    • KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ WJ/360; WJ/392
    • KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392
  • KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ WJ/376
    • KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392

Element in

  • ᴺS. alphen “no one, nobody”
  • ᴺS. alben “no one”
  • S. arphen “noble, knight” ✧ WJ/376
  • S. Calben “*Light One” ✧ WJ/362; WJ/376
  • ᴺS. ilphen “everyone”
  • S. Morben “*Dark-folk” ✧ PE17/141; WJ/362; WJ/376
  • ᴺS. narphen “character [of a story]”
  • S. orodben “mountaineer, one living in the mountains” ✧ WJ/376
  • S. pengolodh “teaching sage, doctor (of lore), teacher of lore, teaching sage, doctor (of lore), *professor”
  • S. rochben “rider” ✧ WJ/376
  • ᴺS. úben “nobody, no one”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
kwenedē > pen-[-kwende] > [-pende] > [-pend] > [-penn] > [-pen]✧ PE17/141
kwēn > pen[kwene] > [pene] > [pen]✧ WJ/360
KWEN > pen[kwene] > [pene] > [pen]✧ WJ/376

Variations

  • pen- ✧ PE17/141
  • pen ✧ WJ/362; WJ/376
Sindarin [PE17/141; WJ/362; WJ/376] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-ben

suffix. obsolete except in few names

suff. obsolete except in few names. >> pen-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:141] < _kwenedē_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

Sindarin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

min

cardinal. one, one, [G.] single

Cognates

  • Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06

Element in

  • S. Miniel “Vanyar”
  • S. minlamad “?alliteration, (lit.) first-echoing”
  • S. minui “first” ✧ VT42/25
  • S. minuial “(dawn) twilight”

Variations

  • min ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
  • mîn ✧ VT42/25
Sindarin [PE17/095; VT42/25; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mîn

fraction. one (first of a series)

Sindarin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ar

without

(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)

ar

without

(outside)

ú

without

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

ú

without

u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

pen

cardinal. one

(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

one

(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

without

1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)

pen

without

(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.

eru

the one

isolated from

min

cardinal. one

1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)

Sindarin [Parviphith] Published by

min

one

mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.

êr

one

whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)

gar

have

(i ’âr, i ngerir = i ñerir) (hold, possess; be able, can); pa.t. garant. (AI:92, VT45:14)

Telerin 

er

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • Q. er “one, alone, one, alone; [ᴱQ.] only, a single” ✧ VT48/06

min

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first” ✧ VT48/06

Primitive elvish

imin

masculine name. One

Element in

Primitive elvish [NM/055; NM/060; WJ/380; WJ/421; WJI/Imin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min

cardinal. one

Derivations

  • MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out”

Derivatives

  • Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first”

Element in

Variations

  • Min ✧ NM/060
Primitive elvish [NM/060; WJ/421] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

Noldorin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

min

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. min “one” ✧ Ety/MINI

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out” ✧ Ety/MINI

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MINI > min[mini] > [mine] > [min]✧ Ety/MINI
Noldorin [Ety/MINI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

au-

prefix. without

min

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • N. min “one” ✧ Ety/MINI

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out” ✧ Ety/MINI

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MINI > mine[mine]✧ Ety/MINI
ᴹ√MINI > min[min]✧ Ety/MINI

Variations

  • mine ✧ Ety/MINI
Qenya [Ety/MINI; EtyAC/MINI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mine

cardinal. one

ava-

prefix. without

Derivations

  • ᴹ√AWA “away, forth; out” ✧ Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA

Element in

  • ᴺQ. avamarwa “homeless”
  • ᴹQ. avanóte “without number, numberless” ✧ Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA
  • ᴹQ. avaqet- “to refuse, forbid”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√AWA > ava-[awa-] > [ava-]✧ Ety/AWA

Variations

  • au- ✧ Ety/AWA
Qenya [Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

er Reconstructed

cardinal. one

The Ilkorin word for “one” attested only in the name Ermabuin or Ermab(r)in “One-handed” (Ety/MAP).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. er “one, alone”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ER “be alone, deprived”

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish

al

prefix. without

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LA “no, not; to be not” ✧ Ety/AR²

Derivatives

  • N. al- “no, not”

Element in

  • N. Alchorin “Not-of-Kôr” ✧ Ety/AR²
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AR²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

er

adjective. one

Cognates

  • Eq. er “one, only, alone, a single” ✧ GL/32
  • Eq. er “only, but, still” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ERE “remain alone” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa

Element in

  • G. ereg “alone, only” ✧ GL/32
  • G. ereth “solitude, oneness, loneliness” ✧ GL/32; LT1A/Tol Eressëa
  • G. ert “once, once only” ✧ GL/32
  • G. erw “only” ✧ GL/32
  • G. er(e)tha- “to isolate, rob, deprive” ✧ GL/32
  • G. erwed “unique” ✧ GL/32

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ERE > er[er]✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa
Gnomish [GL/32; LT1A/Tol Eressëa] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

enqe

preposition. without

Variations

  • Enqe ✧ QL/035
Early Quenya [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

el

adverb/adjective. one

mir

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • G. min “one, single” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ “*one” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos; QL/061

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MĪ¹ > mir[mir]✧ QL/061
Early Quenya [LT1A/Minethlos; PME/061; QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-valta

suffix. -less

-vilte

suffix. -less

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VḶTḶ “release, set free; deprive, take away” ✧ QL/102

Element in

  • Eq. naustavilte “free from suspicion, *innocent” ✧ QL/065

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√VḶTḶ > -vilte[βḷti] > [βḷte] > [vḷte] > [vilte]✧ QL/102

Variations

  • -valta ✧ GL/23; QL/102
Early Quenya [GL/23; QL/065; QL/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by