aira

old

aira (3) adj. "old" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

yára

ancient, belonging to or descending from former times

yára adj. "ancient, belonging to or descending from former times" (YA); evidently it can also simply mean "old", since Tolkien used the intensive/superlative form #anyára to describe Elaine Griffiths as his "oldest" or "very old" friend in a book dedication (see an-).

enwina

old

enwina adj. "old" (Markirya)

enwina

adjective. old

Element in

• Q. enwina lúmë “the old darkness” ✧ MC/222

linyenwa

old, having many years

linyenwa adj. "old, having many years" (YEN)

noa

former

noa (2) adj. "former", also adv. (and noun?) "yesterday", shortened from the full phrase noa ré "former day" (VT49:34). In other conceptual phases, Tolkien used noa for "tomorrow" _(VT49:20). _Compare enwa.

yerna

old, worn

yerna adj. "old, worn" (GYER)

iaur

adjective. old, old; [N.] ancient, olden

Cognates

• Q. yára “old, ancient, old, ancient, [ᴹQ.] belonging to or descending from former times” ✧ RC/579

Derivations

• √YA “*there, over there; (of time) back, ago, [ᴹ√] there, over there; (of time) back, ago”

Element in

• S. Dorgannas Iaur “[Account of the] Shapes of the Lands of Old” ✧ WJ/192
• S. Drúwaith Iaur “Old Púkel-land” ✧ UT/384
• S. einior “elder”
• S. Iant Iaur “Old Bridge” ✧ SA/iaur
• S. Iarwain “Old-young” ✧ SA/iaur
• ᴺS. iorbeth “archaism, archaic word”
• S. Ioreglon
• S. Ioreth “Old Woman” ✧ RC/579
• S. Iorhael “Frodo”
• S. Iorlas
• S. Sennas Iaur “Old Guesthouse” ✧ RC/523

Variations

• Iaur ✧ RC/523; UT/384; WJ/192

iaur

adjective. ancient, old, original

iaur

adjective. older, former

iaur

old

1) iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare ELDER, ELDEST, q.v. 2) brûn (long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

iaur

old

(ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare

iaur

former

iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, old), pl. ioer

iaur

former

(ior-, iar-) (ancient, old), pl. ioer

iaur

ancient

iaur (in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer

iaur

ancient

(in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer

iarwain

eldest

iarwain (based on Iarwain as a name of Tom Bombadil, perhaps literally ”old-new”).

iarwain

eldest

 (based on Iarwain as a name of Tom Bombadil, perhaps literally ”old-new”).

iphant

full of years

(aged, long-lived), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.

brûn

elder, eldest

(long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

forn

masculine name. Eldest

iaur

adjective. ancient, old, original

iaur

adjective. older, former

iaur

masculine name. Eldest

Element in

• N. Erion “Eldest” ✧ TI/125

Elements

Word	Gloss
iaur	“ancient, old(en)”

iaur

adjective. ancient, old(en)

Cognates

• ᴹQ. yára “old, ancient, belonging to or descending from former times” ✧ Ety/YA

Derivations

• ᴹ√YA “there, over there; (of time) back, ago” ✧ Ety/GENG-WĀ; Ety/YA

Element in

• N. Erion “Eldest”
• N. Iaur “Eldest”
• N. Iorhail “Frodo”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√YA > iaur	[jāra] > [jǭra] > [joura] > [jaura] > [jaur]	✧ Ety/YA

erion

masculine name. Eldest

Earlier form of S. Iarwain appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, translated “Eldest” and appearing beside N. Iaur (TI/125). It might be a superlative form of iaur “old”; in the Early Noldorin Grammar, the similar suffix -iant was used for the superlative (PE13/125). If the suffix -ion was a Noldorin superlative suffix, perhaps the initial [e] developed due to Noldorin i-affection.

Elements

Word	Gloss
iaur	“ancient, old(en)”

ingem

adjective. old (of person, in mortal sense: decripit, suffering from old age)

New word coined by the Elves after meeting with Men

brûn

adjective. old, that has long endured, or been established, or in use