ir

conjunction. (?) when

This word is not translated. It could be related to Quenya íre "when". Some scholars also consider that it could be the form taken by the article i before a vowel, on a pattern similar to ah . To this respect, it might be interesting to note the ir was the allative/dative form of the article in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:9

ir

conjunction. ?when, while

irin

irin

>> alfirin

ir ithil ammen eruchín

*when the Moon, for us, the Children of God

The first phrase of Lúthien’s Song (LB/354). Three translations of this phrase are:

• Patrick Wynne: “✱When the Moon, for us, the Children of Eru” (NTTLS/11)

• David Salo: “✱The Moon, [having watched] for us, the Children of Eru” (GS/211)

• Bertrand Bellet and Benjamin Babut: “✱When the Moon ... for us, Children of the One” (GTLC)

The first word ir is the most controversial in the poem. Wynne suggested that it might be a cognate of ᴹQ. íre “when” appearing in Fíriel’s Song from the 1930s (LR/72), but Salo suggested that it might be a variant form of the definite article i used before another i to avoid repetition (GS/211). In support of Salo, the form ir appeared as definite article in the Túrin Wrapper: ir Ellath “✱the Elves” (VT50/23), but elsewhere in the wrapper this was written in Ellath, and so ir there may only have been a slip. Furthermore, proper names like Ithil don’t generally need a definite article, as pointed out by Carl Hostetter (VT50/23, note #36). Absent further evidence, I am inclined to agree with Wynne in this case, but even this is quite speculative, since more than a decade separates the two poems.

The rest of the phrase is straightforward. The second word is Ithil “Moon”. The third word is ammen “for us”, the preposition an “for” assimilated to the pronoun men “us”. The last word is Eruchîn “Children of God”, appearing elsewhere as Eruhîn (Let/345, MR/330).

anguirel

proper name. *Iron-of-the-fiery-star

A companion sword to Anglachel, constructed from the same fiery meteor (S/202). Its initial element is probably ang “iron” (SA/eng) and its final element may be êl “star”. Its middle element may be related to the root √UR “heat, be hot”, perhaps an otherwise unattested adjective ?uir “fiery”, though David Salo suggested it might be [N.] uir “eternity” (GS/359).

tirith

watch

{1st ĭ}_n._watch, ward, guard. >> tíria, Minas Tirith

gir-

verb. to shudder

tirith

noun. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance

ir

i

is simply a variant of the definite article.

ir

when

?ir (not used in questions but to indicate time, as in ”when I saw you, I was glad”). This is one of several possible interpretations of the word, which occurs in a Sindarin poem untranslated by Tolkien (ir Isil ammen Eruchín…síla, ?”when the Moon shines for us Children of Eru…”, The Lays of Beleriand p. 354). By another interpretation, ir is simply a variant of the definite article.(relative pronoun), see THAT

ir

when

(not used in questions but to indicate time, as in ”when

Irolas

Irolas

Irolas is obviously an anagram of the canonical name Iorlas (the same way the character Madril is derived from Mardil Voronwë) however there is no actual background or etymology behind it.

irn

adjective. desired, wished for

irdh

noun. entrails, bowels, innards

irth

noun. beak

irtha-

verb. to peck

ered engrin

place name. Iron Mountains

The “Iron Mountains” around Morgoth’s realm (S/118). This name is a combination of the plural of orod “mountain” and the plural of the adjective angren “of iron” (SA/orod, anga).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name was as G. Angorodin (LT2/77). It was revised in the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s, first to (singular) ᴱN. Aiglir Angrin and then to (plural) N. Eiglir Engrin (LB/49), forms that also appeared in the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/220). In the mid-30s, the form N. Ered-engrin first appeared (LR/258), and The Etymologies from the same period, it already had the derivation given above (Ety/ÓROT).

angband

place name. Iron Prison

The fortress of Morgoth in the North, translated “Iron Prison” (WJ/15), a compound of ang “iron” and band “prison” (SA/ang, band).

Conceptual Development: The name G. Angband appeared in the earliest Lost Tales, but in these early stories it was translated “Hells of Iron” (LT2/77, GL/19). This translation persisted into Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/13, LR/259). However, N. Angband was translated “Iron Prison” in The Etymologies (Ety/MBAD), and this was the usual interpretation in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (MR/305, WJ/15). Christopher Tolkien gave both translations in the Silmarillion Index (SI/Angband).

anghabar

place name. Iron-delvings

A mine in the Echoriath (S/138), translated as “Iron-delvings” by Christopher Tolkien in the Silmarillion Appendix (SI/Anghabar). Its initial element is clearly ang “iron” (SA/ang), so its second element must mean “delving”, possibly a lenited form habar of the word ✱sabar (attested only in compounds).

angrist

proper name. Iron-cleaver

Beren’s knife (S/177), translated in the Silmarillion Index as “Iron-cleaver” (SI/Angrist), a combination of ang “iron” and the lenited form grist of crist “cleaver” (SA/anga, ris).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name was already as N. Angrist at its first appearance (LR/303).

angruin

masculine name. Iron Fire

A proposed alternate name of Glaurung, but the change was rejected (PE17/183). This name is a combination of ang “iron” and ruin “fiery red”.

gurthang

proper name. Iron of Death

The sword of Túrin translated “Iron of Death” (S/210), a compound of gurth “death” and ang “iron” (SA/anga, gurth).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name appeared as G. Gurtholfin “Wand of Death” (LT2/83), where its final element was G. olf(in) “branch, wand, stick” (LT2A/Gurtholfin). In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, it developed into N. Gurtholf of the same meaning, where its final element was N. golf “branch” (LR/406, Ety/ÑGUR). It only adopted its final form and meaning in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/83, 138).

Angband

noun. iron hell, prison

ang (“iron”) + (m-)band (“prison”) From angmbandâ, gmb produces gb.

Anghabar

noun. iron mine

ang (“iron”) + sabar (“delved mine”) #[His.] habar as the regular form might be possible as well.

Angmar

noun. iron land

ang (“iron”) + (m-)bar (“land, dwelling”) The lenition of the second element is unclear (we would rather expect Angbar) but edain often made mistakes when giving places Elvish names; see VT42 “Rivers and Beacon-hills”).

Angrenost

noun. iron fortress (Isengard)

angren (“iron”) + ost (“fortress, stronghold”)

Angrist

noun. iron cleaver, sword

ang (“iron”) + rist (from risto “cleave”) The stem of the last element blended with the stem kris- of similar meaning.

Athrad Angren (pl. Ethraid Engrin)

noun. iron ford

athrad (“river-crossing, ford, way”) + angren (“iron”) #The first element could be interpreted as: ath (prefix “on both sides, across”) + râd (“path, track”).

Carach Angren

noun. iron fang

carach (“spike, tooth or rock”) + angren (“iron”)

ang

noun. iron

ang

noun. iron

tir-

watch

(cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (guard, gaze, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen.

tir-

guard

_(verb) 1) tir- (cited in the form _tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (watch over, gaze, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen. 2) tiria- (watch, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar)

tir-

guard

(cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (watch over, gaze, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen. 2) tiria- (watch, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar)

tir-

gaze

1) tir- (cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (guard, watch over, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen. 2) tiria- (watch, guard, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar)

tir-

gaze

(cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (guard, watch over, look at, look towards). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen.

tir-

look at, look toward

(cited in the form tiri, a ”Noldorin” infinitive in -i) (i dîr, i thirir) (watch over, guard, gaze). The imperative tiro and passive participle [t]irnen are attested, the latter in lenited form dirnen.

tiria

watch

1) tiria- (guard, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar). 2)

tiria

watch

(guard, gaze, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar).

tiria

gaze

(watch, guard, look toward) (i diria, i thiriar)

tiria

look toward

(watch, guard, gaze) (i diria, i thiriar)

tirith

watch, watching

(i dirith, o thirith) (guard, guarding, vigilance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thirith)

tirith

guard, guarding

(i dirith, o thirith) (guard, guarding, vigilance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thirith)

uireb

eternal

uireb (pl. uirib), also ui (everlasting); no distinct pl. form. Also used as adverb ”ever, always”.

uireb

eternal

(pl. uirib), also ui (everlasting); no distinct pl. form. Also used as adverb ”ever, always”.

angbor

masculine name. *Iron-fist

The lord of Lamedon during the War of the Ring (LotR/875). His name was not translated by Tolkien, but it appears to be a compound of ang “iron” and the suffixal form -bor of paur “fist” (also seen in Celebrimbor), as suggested by Hammond and Scull (RC/588) among others.

Conceptual Development: The name N. Angbor already had its final form when it first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (WR/419).

anglachel

proper name. *Iron-of-the-flaming-star

A sword “made of iron that fell from heaven as a blazing star” (S/201). Given its origin, its name might be a combination of ang “iron”, lach “flame” and êl “star” (SA/ang, lhach).

angrod

masculine name. *Iron Champion

Sindarin name of the second youngest son of Finarfin (S/61), an adaption of his Quenya father-name Q. Angaráto “✱Iron Champion” (PM/346-7). His name is a combination of ang “iron” (SA/anga) and the suffixal form -rod of raud “lofty, noble” seen in many names (PE17/49).

Conceptual Development: In the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s, his name was first given as ᴱN. Angrod (LB/80, 213), though in the very earliest Silmarillion drafts his name appeared as G. Anrod (SM/15). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the name N. Angrod was derived from a combination of ang “iron” and rhaud “metal” (Ety/RAUTĀ). The derivation from his Quenya name did not emerge until after Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (PM/346).

Angrenost

'Iron-enclosure'

topon. 'Iron-enclosure'. O.E. (R.) Isengard. >> dol, doll

Angruin

noun. 'Iron Fire'

prop. n. 'Iron Fire'. Tolkien notes "Alter Glaurung > Angruin".

angmar

place name. *Iron Home

The kingdom of the witch king (LotR/146). In the manuscript for Tolkien’s Nomenclature of the Lord of the Rings, he explained that it was corrupted Elvish: the pure Sindarin form of the name would be Angbar, and the pure Quenya form would be Angamar (RC/20). It is perhaps a combination of S. ang “iron” and Q. már “home”, hence: “✱Iron Home”.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Angmar (WR/334).

írui

adjective. desirable

_ adj. _desirable, lovely (mostly applied to persons, esp. women).

angren

adjective. of iron

angren

adjective. of iron

aníra-

verb. to desire

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

mîn

fraction. one (first of a series)

Angband

Iron Prison, Hell of Iron

Angband is Sindarin, and means "Iron Prison" or "Hell of Iron", from ang + band.

In Quenya, Angband was called Angamando.

Angmar

Iron Home

Angmar means "Iron Home" in Sindarin (from ang = "iron" and mar = "home, dwelling")

ang

iron

ang; adj.

ang

iron

; adj.

angwedh

iron-bond

(pl. engwidh)

angwedh

iron-bond

(= chain) angwedh (pl. engwidh)

ruith

ire

*ruith (anger), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh ruith) if there is a pl. Suggested standard Sindarin form of Doriathrin Sindarin rûth (q.v. in Silm app)

ruith

ire

(anger), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh ruith) if there is a pl. – Suggested standard Sindarin form of Doriathrin Sindarin rûth (q.v. in Silm app)****

Angrenost

Fortress of Iron

It is composed of the two elements angren "iron (adjective)" and ost "fortress".

aníra

desire

(vb.) aníra- (i aníra, in anírar);

aníra

desire

(i aníra, in anírar);

angren

of iron

(pl. engrin);

angren

of iron

angren (pl. engrin);

drab

noun. labour, toil, irksome work

fesg

adjective. itching, irritating

fesga-

verb. to itch, irritate

urnui

adjective. inflammable; touchy, irritable; explosive

îr

sexual desire

(VT46:23)

ardhon

place name. The World

A Sindarin name for the world appearing only in the name Mîr n’Ardhon “Jewel of the World” (PM/348). Since this name is the translation of Q. Ardamírë, it follows that Ardhon may be a cognate of Q. Arda: “The World, (lit.) Realm”. As such, it may be a combination of some form of S. gardh “region” (in early writings, N. ardh) with a suffixal element -on, possibly the augmentative suffix -on. It is also possible that this form is lenited, and the proper form is gardhon.

tíria

verb. gaze

_v._gaze, look at, watch. >> tirith, tíro

i

article. the

@@@ enclytic Dagor-nuin-Giliath vs. Dagor-nui-Ngiliath

na-

verb. to be

Angband

Angband

Angband is Sindarin, and means "Iron Prison" or "Hell of Iron", from ang + band. In Quenya, Angband was called Angamando.

Angrist

Angrist

Angrist means "Iron Cleaver" in Sindarin (from ang = "iron" and crist = "cleaver", "sword").

Carach Angren

Carach Angren

Both Carach Angren and Isenmouthe mean "Iron-mouth": "It was so called because of the great fence of pointed iron posts that closed the gap leading into Udûn, like teeth in jaws." Isen is an old English variant form of iron; and mouthe represents Old English mūða < mūð "opening, mouth" especially used of the mouths of rivers, but also applied to other openings. Despite the Old English, the name is not to be understood as Rohirric, but rather as archaic Westron, translation of Sindarin Carach Angren.

angwedh

chain

angwedh ("iron bond", ang + gwêdh), pl. engwidh

angwedh

chain

("iron bond", ang + gwêdh), pl. engwidh

min

cardinal. one

1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)

min

one

mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.

er

adjective. one, alone

min

cardinal. one, one, [G.] single

aned

give

angol

angol

anno

verb. give!

i

definite article. the

i

definite article. who

i

the

pl1. in _ art. _the.

paran

adjective. smooth, shaven (often applied to hills without trees)

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody

Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2

an

to the, for the

(for) + i (the).

anna

give

anna- (i anna, in annar), pa.t. ?aun (with endings one-)

anna

give

(i anna, in annar), pa.t. ?aun (with endings one-)

dín

her

: As the accusative (object) form of ”she”, see SHE. As the genitive form of ”she”, possibly dín, or ín when ”her” refers to the subject of the sentence. These terms are only attested with masculine meaning (”his”), but may be gender-neutral. As for as a genitive pronoun, see HIS.

dín

she

or ín when ”her” refers to the subject of the sentence. These terms are only attested with masculine meaning (”his”), but may be gender-neutral. As for

en

of the

e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.

eru

the one

isolated from

gobel

town

(in archaic sense, cf. other glosses) ) gobel (i **obel) (enclosed dwelling, walled house or village), pl. gebil (i ngebil** = i ñebil). Archaic pl. *göbil.

gobel

town

(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, walled house or village), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.

i

the

: Singular i (+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see THAT). Apparently ”the” sometimes appears as a suffix -n added to a preposition, e.g. be**<u>n</u>** ”according to <u>the</u>”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.

i

the

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. – The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see

iest

wish

(noun) iest, pl. ist

iest

wish

pl. ist

muda

labour

(verb.) muda- (i vuda, i mudar) (toil), pa.t. mudas

muda

labour

(i vuda, i mudar) (toil), pa.t. mudas

n

that

added to a preposition, e.g. ben ”according to the”.  This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.

paran

smooth

1) paran (lenited baran; pl. perain) (shaven). Often applied to hills wihtout trees. (RC:433) 2)

path

smooth

path (lenited bath; pl. paith)

path-

verb. to smooth

pen

cardinal. one

(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

one

(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

uin

from the, of the

.

êr

one

whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)