tëa

straight line, road

tëa (1) noun "straight line, road" (TEÑ)

tëa

indicates

tëa (2) vb. "indicates" (evidently a present-tense stem)(VT39:6); past tense tengë (VT43:38)

tëa-

verb. to indicate

téna

straight, right

téna (1) adj. "straight, right" (SD:310; see téra)

téra

straight, right

téra adj. "straight, right" (TEÑ, see TE3; LR:47; in one text Tolkien changed it to téna, SD:310)

tëalë

noun. meaning

Niélë

tear

Niélë fem. name (meaning unclear, cf. nië "tear"?), diminutive Nieliccilis ("k") noun "little Niéle" (MC:215; PE16:96). This may suggest that Niélë has the stem-form *Niéli-.

nië

tear

nië noun "tear" (NEI, VT45:38, LT1:262, LT2:346); apparently níe in MC:221

nírë

tear

nírë noun "tear" (NEI)

yullas

noun. tea

A neologism for “tea” coined by Tamas Ferencz, a combination of yul- “drink” and lassë “leaf”; compare G. suithlas “tea, ✱(lit.) drink of leaf”.

loire

noun. infusion, tea

A neologism for “infusion” coined by Luinyelle posted on 2024-09-21 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), based on ᴺQ. lóta- “infuse” < √LOG; compare Q. oloirë “flood”, also based on √LOG. Luinyelle also suggested this word could be used for “tea”, but for that purpose I recommend Tamas Ferencz’s neologism ᴺQ. yullas (compare G. suithlas “tea = drink-leaf”) or Tolkien’s own (Early Qenya) loan word ᴱQ. tyé.

nienaitë

adjective. tearful

noltar

noun. teacher

nolyar

noun. teacher

pëantar

noun. teacher

saitar

noun. teacher

tyetsë

noun. teat, *nipple

pëanta-

verb. to give instructions to, enjoin, give into one’s hands, *teach

@@@ perhaps with original meaning “✱to give by lips”; used for “teach” in NQNT

narcë

noun. *rend, tear; [ᴱQ.] snap of a dog; spiteful remark

nolta-

verb. to teach, *educate, tutor, (lit.) make knowledgable

saita-

verb. to teach, *train, (lit.) make wise

tittë

noun. breast [of a woman], teat

nyenya

adjective. querulous, tearful, plaintive

pequ-

verb. to comb, card wool, tease

ripta-

verb. to cut in strips, tear up; to stripe, mark in parallel lines; to flay, flog

men

noun. way, way, *direction; [ᴹQ.] place, spot [only in compounds]

A noun or word element, most notably appearing in the four cardinal directions formen, hyarmen, númen, and rómen, which Christopher Tolkien translated as “way” in The Silmarillion appendix (SA/men). This is consistent with the later meaning of its root: √MEN “go, move, proceed”, and in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 Tolkien had a primitive form ✶mēn- “a way, a going, a mov[ement]” (PE17/165) which might be the source of Christopher Tolkien’s translation of Q. men.

Conceptual Development: The situation in Tolkien’s earlier writings was different. In The Etymologies of the 1930s ᴹQ. men was translated “place, spot” under the root ᴹ√MEN (Ety/MEN). In this document, it seems the literally meaning of direction words were “✱north-place”, “✱south-place”, etc., as opposed to later “✱north-direction, ✱south-direction”. This can be seen in other words Tolkien used in this period, such as ᴹQ. Ilmen “Place of Light” (SM/241).

This ambiguity continued into Tolkien’s later writings, as can be seen in a 1965 letter to Dick Plotz, where Tolkien translated númen “the direction or region of the sunset” (Let/361). Another example is menel “firmament, high heaven, the region of the stars”, which Tolkien said was “a Q. invention from men (direction, region) + el (the basis of many stars)” in The Road Goes Ever On as published in 1967 (RGEO/65). There are other Quenya words where men refers to a location rather than a direction: ruimen “fireplace, hearth” (PE17/183) and turmen “realm” = “✱mastered-region” (PE17/28), both from the mid-1960s.

However, some words are hard to explain as locations, such as alamen “a good omen on departure”, also from DLN of 1959 (PE17/162). Tolkien used men as an element in the terms coimen “life-year” and olmen “growth-year” in notes from around 1959, which are probably best explained as a “way” or “process” of life or growth (NM/84-85). However the stems of these words ended in mend-, so their element men may be different from what is seen in formen, etc. As another wrinkle, Tolkien regularly used nómë to mean “place” in his later writings, as in sinomë “in this place [= here]” (LotR/967) and tanomë “in that place [= there]” (VT49/11).

It is hard to determine how much of this variation is due to conceptual vacillation on Tolkien’s part. My best guess of the timelime is that:

• In the 1930s men meant “place, spot”, and the root ᴹ√MEN was not verbal (Ety/MEN).

• In the 1940s Tolkien decided that √MEN was verbal, meaning {“intend” >>} “go” (PE22/103).

• By the 1950s Tolkien reformulated men to mean “way, a going” in keeping with the new meaning of the root (PE17/165). In this period Tolkien also introduced nómë “place”.

• By the 1960s Tolkien partially reversed himself, deciding men could mean either “way, direction” and “place, region”, but without abandoning nómë.

Neo-Quenya: The word men is somewhat contentious in Neo-Quenya. The word men is a very popular element for “place” in many neologisms (especially older ones), such as ᴺQ. natsemen “website = ✱web-spot”, ᴺQ. tirmen “theater = ✱watch-place” and ᴺQ. mótamen “office = ✱work-place”. However, others feel that this sense has been entirely replaced by nómë, so that men in such compounds should be replaced by a suffix ᴺQ. -non (-nom-).

Given this ambiguity, I would use men only for “way, ✱direction” as a standalone word, and would instead use nómë = “place”. However, given Tolkien’s vacillations as described above, I would allow the use of men as “place, spot, region” in compounds [perhaps originally conceived of as a destination], though I think ᴺQ. -non “-place” is also fine.

mornië

darkness

mornië noun "darkness" (Nam, RGEO:67), "dark, blackness" (PE17:73). Early "Qenya" also has Mornië "Black Grief", "the black ship that plies between Mandos and Erumáni" (LT1:261). This is probably a compound of mor- "black" and nië "tear".

nessa

young

nessa adj. "young" (NETH), alsoNessa as name of a Valië, the spouse of Tulkas (adopted and adapted from Valarin, or an archaic Elvish formation: WJ:404 vs. 416). Also called Indis, "bride" (NETH, NI1). The fem. name Nessanië (UT:210) would seem to incorporate Nessa's name; the second element could mean "tear" (nië), but since Nessa is not normally associated with sorrow, this #nië is perhaps rather a variant of ní "female" (compare Tintanië as a variant of Tintallë).

nienaitë

bleared

nienaitë adj."bleared" (MC:214), *"tearfully"??? (see cildë) (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

tengë

indicated

tengë pa.t. vb. "indicated", pa.t. of tëa (VT39:6)

ambar

breast

ambar (3) noun ""breast" (chest), with stem in -s- or -r- (QL:30). The form ambar, translated "in bosom", occurs in MC:213 (this is "Qenya"). Note: if this word were to be adapted to LotR-style Quenya, we should probably have to read *ambas with stem ambar-; compare olos, olor- "dream" from a late source. However, the form ambos (q.v.) is less ambiguous and may be preferred.

ambos

breast

ambos (ambost-) noun "breast" (chest). PE16:82

hellë

sky

hellë noun "sky" (3EL; a distinct word hellë "frost" was struck out, see KHEL.)

ilwë

sky, heavens

ilwë noun "sky, heavens" (LT1:255), "the middle air among the stars" (LT1:273). VT49:51, 53 also mentions an obscure prononominal element ilwë.

londa

path

[londa noun "path"], changed by Tolkien to londë noun "road (in sea)" (VT45:28)

lé

way

lé (1) noun "way" = "method, manner" ("as in that is not As way"). Not to be confused with lé as a stressed form of le = plural "you"; Tolkien was himself dissatisfied with this clash (PE17:74).

lúmë

darkness

lúmë (2) noun "darkness" (one wonders if Tolkien confused lúmë "time, hour" and lómë "night") (Markirya)

lúmë

noun. darkness

A noun in the 1960s versions of the Markirya glossed “darkness” (MC/222), perhaps derived from a root √DU as suggested by David Salo in a post to the Elfling mailing list in 2012 (Elfling/362.96).

Neo-Quenya: I’d generally use Q. huinë for “darkness” in Neo-Quenya, but that word is more for total darkness, whereas lúmë might be a less severe form of darkness, a variant of Q. lómë “night, dusk”.

men

way

men (2) noun "way" (SA) or "place, spot" (MEN)

mor

darkness

mor noun "darkness" (Letters:308; probably just an Elvish "element" rather than a complete word; Namárië has mornië for "darkness")

tier

path

tier is, besides the pl. form of tië "path" above, an ephemeral word for "so", abandoned by Tolkien in favour of tambë (VT43:17)

tië

path, course, line, direction, way

tië noun "path, course, line, direction, way" (TE3, VT47:11); pl. tier in Namárië(Nam, RGEO:67); tielyanna "upon your path" (UT:22 cf. 51; tie-lya-nna "path-your-upon")

vand-

way, path

vand- noun "way, path" (LT1:264; a final vowel would seem to be required, but in Tolkien's later Quenya, the words tië or mallë are to be preferred)

vinya

young

vinya (1) adj. "young" (VT46:22, VT47:26, PE17:191) or "new" (cf. compounds Vinyamar, Vinyarië below; cf. also winya "new, fresh, young" in a deleted entry in the Etymologies, VT45:16; there the word was first written as vinya.) Vinya "the Young", original name of the isle of Númenor among its own people (SD:332).

pequen

noun. comb

tëangolmë

noun. semantics

A neologism coined by Ellanto posted on 2024-05-07 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a combination of √TEÑ “signify” and nolmë “knowledge”, more exactly from primitive ✱TEÑa-ñgolmē.

níniel

feminine name. Tear-maiden

The name Túrin gave to his sister Nienor when she had lost her memory and he didn’t recognize her, translated “Tear-maiden” (S/219), a combination of nîn “tear” and the feminine suffix -iel.

Conceptual Development: She was called G. Níniel “Child of Tears” in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/112), and in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the name N. Níniel was translated “Tearful” or “Tear-maiden” (SM/129, 306; LR/140).

níniel

noun. tearful

nîn (“tear”) + iell (“daughter” [Etym.] SEL-Dtraditional ending for women’s names)

nirnaeth arnoediad

proper name. Tears Unnumbered

The tragic battle in which the forces of Morgoth defeated the Elves and Men of Beleriand, translated “Tears Unnumbered” (S/192) or “Unnumbered Tears” (WJ/165). This name is a combination of nirnaeth “lamentation” and the archaic form †arnoediad “unnumbered” (Ety/NOT).

Conceptual Development: Although translated “Unnumbered Tears” throughout Tolkien’s writing, the Elvish form of the name changed greatly over the years. In the earliest Lost Tales, this name first appeared as G. Nínin-Udathriol (LT2/84). In the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s, the name was revised to ᴱN. Nínin Unothradin or Nirnaithos Unothradin (LB/21), then revised again to ᴱN. Nirnaith Únoth >> Nirnaith Ornoth (LB/79).

In the earliest Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s the name was changed to N. Nirnaith Irnoth >> Nirnaith Dirnoth (SM/312, LR/136), then again to N. Nirnaith Arnediad (LR/147), the last of these also appearing as a late revision in the Lays of Beleriand (LB/102). The form Nírnaeth Arnediad with a long í appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/NAY), along with the archaic form of its second element arnœdiad (Ety/NOT). In the Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s Tolkien switched to this archaic form in the main narratives (WJ/165), using S. Nirnaeth for earlier N. Nirnaith after his [[n|revision of [ai] to [ae]]].

nirnaeth

noun. tears, tears, [N.] lamentation

nîn

noun. tear, tear; [ᴱN.] weeping

pengolodh

noun. teaching sage, doctor (of lore), teacher of lore, teaching sage, doctor (of lore), *professor

nínedhel

proper name. ?Tear(ful) Elf

A term for the Dark-elves (PE17/139). The final element is clearly Edhel “Elf”, but the initial element is less clear. It might be nîn “tear” referring to the sorrow of them being left behind, but this is just a guess.

pengolodh

a teacher of lore

{ð} _n. _a teacher of lore, teaching sage, doctor. Also used as a title or name. >> golodh

yllas

noun. tea, *(lit.) drink of leaf

suithlas

noun. tea, *(lit.) drink of leaf

nínui

5~B5hJ adjective. tearful

Nîn (tear) + -ui (full, having that quality).

nírnaeth

tear-gnashing

; no distinct pl. form. 2) nîn; no distinct pl. form; pl. níniath. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear” and as the pl. form of nên ”water”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.

nírnaeth

tear-gnashing

” (= lamentation) nírnaeth; no distinct pl. form. 2) nîn; no distinct pl. form; pl. níniath. Note: nîn is also used as a noun ”tear” and as the pl. form of nên ”water”; there is also the possessive pronoun nín ”my”.

golthanneth

noun. teaching, lesson

golthor

noun. teacher

@@@ Discord 2023-03-06

istoneth

noun. teacher (f.), (lit.) knowledge giver

istonor

noun. teacher (m.), (lit.) knowledge giver

níniel

tearful

(pl. nínil)

nínui

tearful

(watery); no distinct pl. form

nîd

tearful

1) nîd (damp, wet); no distinct pl. form, 2) níniel (pl. nínil), 3) nínui (watery); no distinct pl. form

nîd

tearful

(damp, wet); no distinct pl. form

nîr

tear

_(noun) _1) nîr (construct nir) (weeping). No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. níriath. Noun ”

nîr

tear

(construct nir) (weeping). No distinct pl. form; coll. pl. níriath. Noun ”

goltha-

verb. to teach, educate, tutor, (lit.) make knowledgable

istanna-

verb. to teach, lecture, explain, (lit.) give knowledge

saeda-

verb. to teach, *train, (lit.) make wise

tith

noun. breast [of a woman], teat

rov-

verb. to tear

lîr

line

1) lîr (row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath. 2) tê (i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath, 3) tî (i dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath.

mên

way

1) mên (i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn), 2) lend (journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”, 3) #pâd (construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”. 4) tê (i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.

nírnaeth

lamentation

1) nírnaeth (literally ”tear-gnashing”); no distinct pl. form. 2) The collective plural conath (i chonath), formed from caun "outcry, clamour, cry, should", was used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362)

nírnaeth

lamentation

(literally ”tear-gnashing”); no distinct pl. form.

nîd

damp

nîd (wet, tearful); no distinct pl. form

nîd

damp

(wet, tearful); no distinct pl. form

tê

way

(i dê, o thê) (line), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath.

tê

line

(i dê, o thê) (way), pl. tî (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath

Menel

noun. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars

anha-

verb. to give

dúath

noun. darkness, shadow

dúath

noun. nightshade

gwein

adjective. young

adj. young. Q. vinya. >> gwîn

gwein

adjective. young

lond

noun. narrow path or strait

lond

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lonn

noun. narrow path or strait

lonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lîr

noun. line, line, [N.] row

men

noun. way, road

môr

noun. darkness, dark, night

othlonn

noun. paved way

pâd

noun. way

tharbad

noun. cross-way

bâd

pathway

(i vâd, construct bad) (beaten track), pl. baid (i maid).

conath

lamentation

(i chonath), formed from caun "outcry, clamour, cry, should", was used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362)

dess

young woman

(i ness, o ndess, constuct des), pl. diss (i ndiss)

dû

darkness

1) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) fuin (gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form. 3) môr (i vôr, construct mor), pl. mŷr (i mŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)

dû

darkness

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

falas

line of surf

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). *(VT42:15)*****

fuin

darkness

(gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form.

fû Speculative

noun. path

A noun appearing only it is plural form fui “paths” in the name Fui ’Ngorthrim “Paths of the Dead” (RC/526). The most plausible singular form is ✱fû “path”.

imrad

path

(between mountains, hills or through trackless forest) imrad (pass), pl. imraid.

imrad

path

(pass), pl. imraid.

ind

meaning

ind (inner thought, mind, heart), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. innath

ind

meaning

(inner thought, mind, heart), no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. innath

lend

way

(journey), pl. lind, coll. pl. lennath. Note: a homophone means ”tuneful, sweet”

lîr

line

(row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath.

meithas

noun. meaning

mên

way

(i vên, construct men, in compounds -ven) (road), pl. mîn (i mîn)

môr

darkness

(i vôr, construct mor), pl. m**ŷr (i m**ŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)

narcha

rend

narcha- (i narcha, in narchar)

neth

young

neth (pl. nith). A homophone is the noun ”sister, girl”.

neth

young

(pl. nith). A homophone is the noun ”sister, girl”.

nothlir

family line

(family tree); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

pada

walk

(i bada, i phadar)

pâd

way

(construct pad), i bâd, pl. paid (i phaid). Isolated from Tharbad ”Crossroad”.

râd

path

râd (track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).

râd

path

(track), construct rad, pl. raid (idh raidh).

taeg

boundary line

(i daeg, o thaeg) (limit, boundary), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaeg).

tengolu

noun. semantics

A neologism coined by Ellanto posted on 2024-05-07 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a combination of √TEÑ “signify” and √ÑGOL “knowledge”, more exactly from primitive ✱TEÑ-ñgolwē.

tilias

line of peaks

(i** dilias, o thilias), pl. tiliais (i** thiliais), coll. pl. tiliassath.

tî

line

(i** dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thî), coll. pl. tíath.

tîr

straight

tîr (lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) (right). Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

tîr

straight

(lenited dîr, no distinct pl. form) (right). Note: a homophone means ”looking, view, glance” (noun).

niniel

adjective. tearful

níniel

feminine name. Tear-maiden; Tearful

nîn

noun. tear

nîr

noun. tear, weeping, weeping, [G.] grief, sorrow; [N.] tear

níniel

adjective. tearful

nîn

noun. tear

nîr

noun. tear, weeping

nínui

adjective. *tearful

nîd

adjective. damp, wet; tearful

nírnaeth

noun. (tearful) lamentation

nîd

adjective. damp, wet, tearful

nírnaeth

noun. lamentation

anna-

verb. to give

dúath

noun. darkness, shadow

dúath

noun. nightshade

dúwath

noun. darkness, shadow

dúwath

noun. nightshade

ell

noun. sky

An element meaning “sky” in several names from The Etymologies of the 1930s: N. Elfaron “Sky-hunter” (Ety/SPAR) and N. Elthoron “Eagle of the Sky” (Ety/THOR). It was derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” which had an Old Noldorin form: ON. elle (Ety/ƷEL). However, Tolkien said “In Noldorin and Telerin this is confused with EL star”, implying that the word was not used in modern language; an earlier but rejected version of this entry had archaic N. †ell, el “sky” (EtyAC/ƷEL).

Neo-Sindarin: Despite the above statements, ell is probably the best attested option for “sky” in Neo-Sindarin, and I would use it as such, since it is in fact distinct from S. êl “star”, a word that is itself archaic/poetic versus more common S. gil.

gwîn

adjective. young

lhonn

noun. narrow path or strait

lhonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lond

noun. narrow path or strait

lond

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lonn

noun. narrow path or strait

lonn

noun. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven

lonn

noun. path

môr

noun. darkness, dark, night

narcha-

verb. to rend

neth

adjective. young

neth

adjective. young

irregular, compare: tathor @@@

othlon

noun. paved way

othlond

noun. paved way

rada-

verb. to make a way, find a way

râd

noun. path, track

taer

adjective. straight

Written tær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies, rectified here according to VT/46:18 (which also lists the ligature)

taer

adjective. straight

tê

noun. line, way

tî

noun. line, row

tîr

adjective. straight, right

teg

root. line

Tolkien used a number of similar roots as the basis for “line” words throughout his life. The earliest of these appeared in the Qenya Lexicon as ᴱ√TEHE [teχe] “pull” (gloss marked with a “?” by Tolkien) with derivatives like ᴱQ. tea “straight”, ᴱQ. telya “attractive; importunate”, and ᴱQ. tie “line, direction, route, road” (QL/90), the last of these surviving more or less unchanged all the way into the published version of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/377). The early root ᴱ√TEHE also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. tê “mark, line; track; path”, G. tî or tion “straight”, and G. tîr “honest; esteem, regard, honour”, originally “straight, upright” (GL/69, 71). Primitive ᴱ✶tegna > ᴱQ. tína/ᴱN. tain “straight” from Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s may represent a shift in the form of the root to ✱ᴱ√TEGE (PE13/153, 165).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root appeared as {ᴹ√TEƷ >>} ᴹ√TEÑ “line, direction” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tie/N. tê “line, way” and ᴹQ. téra/N. tîr “straight, right” (Ety/TEƷ, TEÑ). In the Outline of Phonology Tolkien gave √TEG “line”, whereas √TEÑ was given as the basis for Q. tenna “a thought, notion, idea” and thus clearly with a different meaning; see the entry √TEÑ for further discussion. In any case it is clear that Tolkien considered various ancient velar consonants for the second consonant of this root, all ultimately vanishing in the child languages with similar vocalic effects: 1910s teχ-, 1920s teg-, 1930s {teʒ- >>} teñ- and 1950s teg-.

win

root. young, young, [ᴹ√] new, fresh

Tolkien used a similar set of Elvish roots for “youth” and “freshness” for many years. The earliest of these was primitive guı̯u̯ or gu̯iu̯ [ᴱ√GWIWI] in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like G. gui “just, just now, only just, already”, G. guin “recent, fresh”, and G. gwioth “youth” (GL/42). This root reappeared as ᴹ√WIR “new, fresh, young” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with variants ᴹ√WĪ and ᴹ√WIN and derivatives ᴹQ. vírie “youth” and ᴹQ. virya “fresh” (EtyAC/WIR). The ᴹ√WIN variant had derivatives ᴹQ. vinya/N. gwîn “young”. Tolkien considered, but rejected, deriving these from strengthened ᴹ√GWIN instead, producing (also rejected) ᴹQ. winya/N. bîn (EtyAC/GWIN).

Q. vinya appeared in quite a few later names with the gloss “young” or “new”, but the Sindarin form became S. gwain as in S. Narwain “January, ✱(lit.) New Fire” (LotR/1110) and S. Iarwain “Old-young” (LotR/1114; RC/128). In Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959, both were given as derivatives of √WIN “young” along with Q. víne/S. gwîn “youth”, though the Sindarin word for “young” was given as (archaic?) gwein (PE17/191). Also related are various words for “baby” from 1968 notes such Q. †wine/S. gwinig “little-one, baby” (VT48/6). In these notes primitive wini was glossed “little” but this was deleted (VT47/26), making it likely that the earlier senses “young, new” were restored for √WIN.

As for the 1930s root ᴹ√WIR, it might have survived as an element in the month names Q. Víressë/S. Gwirith “April” (LotR/1110), perhaps meaning “✱freshness”.

pek(w)

root. comb

burzum

noun. darkness

burzum

noun. darkness

han-

verb. to give