súru

wind

súru noun "wind" (MC:213, 216, 220; this is "Qenya"; Tolkien's later Quenya has súrë)

súrë

wind

súrë noun "wind", stem súri- because of primitive form sūrǐ- (PE17:62),hence the instrumental form súrinen "in the wind" or more literally "by the wind" (Nam, RGEO:66,Markirya, J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 197); Súrion masc.name, "Wind-son" (Appendix A). Early "Qenya" has súru (MC:213, 216, 220). See also súriquessë.

vailë

wind

vailë noun "wind" (PE17:189)

vailë

noun. wind, [strong] wind, *gale

An obscure word for “wind” in notes from December 1959 (D59) derived from the root √WAYA and appearing in various forms: vëa, vaiwe, and vaile, the last of these with an adjectival form vailima “windy” (P17/189). A similar set of Quenya derivatives of √WAY appeared in notes from 1957, but there most of the forms were rejected: {vaiwe, view-, vaive, víw}, along with unrejected váva (PE17/33-34). Tolkien considered all these as possible cognates of S. gwae “wind”.

Conceptual Development: Precursors include ᴱQ. ’wā “wind” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√GWĀ (QL/102), ᴱQ. vá or vanwe “wind” from Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1930s (PE16/142) and ᴹQ. vaiwa “wind” from The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√WAIWA (Ety/WĀ). Thus the Quenya forms were much less stable than their Sindarin equivalent and its precursor, which were simply G. gwâ “wind” (GL/43; PE13/146) >> N./S. gwae(w) “wind” (Ety/WĀ; NM/237; PE17/33-34, 189).

Neo-Quenya: Of the various forms, I prefer Q. vailë since (a) it is later, (b) has an adjectival form and (c) has a possible direct cognate S. gwael “✱wind”, also from around the same time. Q. súrë is the usual word for “wind” and is thus preferable for most uses, but I think vailë might be used for a strong wind or gale, since elsewere in Quenya derivatives of √WĀ seem to be tied to stronger winds: hwarwa “violent wind”, vangwë “storm” (NM/237).

Changes

• waiwe → vaiwe ✧ PE17/189

Cognates

• S. gwae “wind” ✧ PE17/189

Derivations

• √WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/189
• ✶waiwa(y) “*wind” ✧ PE17/189
  • √WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/189
• ✶waile “*wind” ✧ PE17/189
  • √WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/189

Element in

• Q. vailima “windy” ✧ PE17/189

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√WAYA > vëa	[waja] > [wea] > [βea] > [vea]	✧ PE17/189
✶waiwa(y) > vaiwe	[waiwai] > [βaiwai] > [vaiwai] > [vaiwe]	✧ PE17/189
✶waile > vaile	[waile] > [βaile] > [vaile]	✧ PE17/189

Variations

• vëa ✧ PE17/189
• vaiwe ✧ PE17/189
• vaile ✧ PE17/189
• waiwe ✧ PE17/189 (waiwe)

vaiwa

wind

vaiwa noun "wind" (WĀ/WAWA/WAIWA)

vaiwë

wind

vaiwë noun "wind" (PE17:189)

vaiwë

noun. wind

váva

noun. *wind

Cognates

• S. gwae “wind” ✧ PE17/033

Derivations

• ✶waiwa(y) “*wind” ✧ PE17/033
  • √WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/189
• ✶wāwā “*blow” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/034
  • √WĀ “blow; noise of wind, echoic representation of sound of wind” ✧ PE17/034

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶waiwe > vaiwe	[waile] > [βaile] > [vaile]	✧ PE17/033
✶wā-wā > váva	[wāwā] > [βāβā] > [βāβa] > [vāva]	✧ PE17/033
✶wā-wā > váva	[wāwā] > [βāβā] > [βāβa] > [vāva]	✧ PE17/034

Variations

• vaiwe ✧ PE17/033 (vaiwe)
• view- ✧ PE17/033 (view-)
• vávo ✧ PE17/033 (vávo)
• wā- ✧ PE17/033 (wā-)
• vaive ✧ PE17/033 (vaive)
• víw ✧ PE17/033 (víw)
• wa ✧ PE17/033 (wa)

vëa

wind

vëa (4) noun "wind" (PE17:189)

vëa

noun. wind

wailë

wind

wailë noun "wind", later form vailë, q.v. (PE17:189)

waiwa

wind

waiwa noun "wind" (WĀ/WAWA/WAIWA)

wá

wind

wá (actually spelt wâ) noun "wind" (LT1:266). Cf. wáya-.

wai

wind, weave

wai (what the primitive element ¤wei "wind, weave" became in Quenya; therefore confused with the stem WAY "enfold") (WEY)

súrë

noun. wind, breeze

The most common word for “wind” in Quenya, appearing in both the Namárië (LotR/377) and Markirya (MC/222) poems. In one place it was glossed “breeze” (PE17/62) so it seems to cover a wide variety of winds. It was derived from primitive ✶sūri (NM/237), a variant of ✶sūli (VT47/35) from which S. sûl “wind” was derived, all based on the root √SŪ “blow, move with audible sound (of air)” which was primarily applied to the wind (NM/237).

Neo-Quenya: A likely precursor is ᴱQ. súru, used of air spirits in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/66) but translated as “wind” in the Earendel and Oilima Markirya poems written around 1930 (MC/216, 220). In one glossary appearing among Oilima Markirya drafts, Tolkien translated súru as “wind, gale” (PE16/75).

Cognates

• S. sûl “wind, [strong] wind, *gust” ✧ PE17/124

Derivations

• ✶sūri “wind” ✧ NM/237
  • √SUR “noise of wind, noise of wind; [ᴱ√] to blow” ✧ NM/237
• √SUR “noise of wind, noise of wind; [ᴱ√] to blow” ✧ PE17/062
• √SŪ “blow, move with audible sound (of air)” ✧ PE17/124

Element in

• Q. ai! laurië lantar lassi súrinen “ah! like gold fall the leaves in the wind” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
• Q. ai! lassi lantar laurië súrinen “ah! leaves fall golden in [by means of] the wind” ✧ RGEO/58
• Q. linquë súrissë “*grass in the wind” ✧ TMME/184
• Q. man hlaruva rávëa súrë? “Who shall hear the wind roaring?” ✧ MC/222
• ᴺQ. súriellë “windflower, anemone”
• Q. Súrion “*Wind-son”
• Q. súriquessë “species of grass, (lit.) wind feather”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶sūri > súrë	[sūri] > [sūre]	✧ NM/237
√SUR(U) > sūrĕ	[sūri] > [sūre]	✧ PE17/062
√SŪ > sūre	[sūri] > [sūre]	✧ PE17/124

Variations

• súre ✧ MC/222; PE17/062; PE17/135
• sūrĕ ✧ PE17/062
• sūre ✧ PE17/124

ne

scent

ne (1) noun (or root?) "scent" (PE17:100)

vaima

wrap, robe

vaima noun "wrap, robe" (QL:100, LT1:271)

were-

verb. to weave

A verb based on √WER “weave” that Tolkien coined in notes from around 1957 while exploring the development of the name S. Gwaihir (PE17/33). The section where this verb appeared was marked out, and in notes 1959-60 Tolkien changed the root to √WIR “weave” (PE17/191; VT39/10).

Neo-Quenya: This verb might be updated to ✱vir- “to weave” from the later form of the root, but I prefer to stick to attested [ᴹQ.] lanya- for “to weave” (Ety/LAN).

Derivations

• √WIR “weave, twine, weaving with cross-threads or withes” ✧ PE17/033

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√WER > were-	[gwer-] > [ɣwer-] > [wer-]	✧ PE17/033

Súlimë

march

Súlimë noun, third month of the year, "March". The word apparently means *"windy one" (Appendix D; SA:sûl; not capitalized in the latter source). Early "Qenya" has súlimë "wind" (LT1:266)

lap-

verb. to wrap, swathe, wind

Derivations

• √LAP “fold, bend, [ᴱ√] enfold”

gwae

wind

_ n. _wind. Tolkien also notes "WAKH in wagme > gwaew, gwae" (PE17:34). Q. vea. >> gwaew

gwae

noun. wind

The normal Sindarin word for “wind”, usually appearing as gwae but sometimes as gwaew, most frequently derived from √WAY “blow” but also a bewildering variety of other roots (NM/237; PE17/33-34, 189); see the entry for √WĀ for further discussion.

Conceptual Development: The earliest form of this word was G. gwâ “wind” from both Gnomish Grammar and Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GG/14; GL/43). The form ᴱN. gwá “wind” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s (MC/217), but in the Nebrachar poem from circa 1930 the form was gwaew “wind” (MC/217). It was N. gwaew “wind” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√WAIWA (Ety/WĀ), and appeared a number of times in later writings as both gwae and (more rarely) gwaew, as noted above.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer using only gwae for “wind”, reserving gwaew for “storm”.

Cognates

• Q. vailë “wind, [strong] wind, *gale” ✧ PE17/189
• Q. váva “*wind” ✧ PE17/033

Derivations

• ✶wāya “blow” ✧ NM/237; PE17/034
  • √WĀ “blow; noise of wind, echoic representation of sound of wind” ✧ NM/237
  • √WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/034
• √WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/034; PE17/189
• ✶waiwa(y) “*wind” ✧ PE17/033
  • √WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/189

Element in

• ᴺS. gwaeren “windy”
• S. gwaeren “windy”
• S. Gwaeron “March, *Windy-one”
• S. Gwaihir “Windlord” ✧ PE17/034

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶wā-yo > gwoe > gwae	[wājo] > [wǭjo] > [wǭio] > [woio] > [gwoio] > [gwoi] > [gwoe] > [gwae]	✧ NM/237
√WAYA > gwae	[wajā] > [waja] > [waia] > [gwaia] > [gwai] > [gwae]	✧ PE17/033
✶waiwe > gwae(w)	[waiwe] > [gwaiwe] > [gwaiw] > [gwaew]	✧ PE17/033
√WIW > gwae(w)	[waiwe] > [gwaiwe] > [gwaiw] > [gwaew]	✧ PE17/034
✶wāyā > gwoe > gwae	[wājā] > [wāja] > [wǭja] > [wǭia] > [woia] > [gwoia] > [gwoi] > [gwoe] > [gwae]	✧ PE17/034
√WAYA > Gwae	[wajā] > [waja] > [waia] > [gwaia] > [gwai] > [gwae]	✧ PE17/189

Variations

• gwaew ✧ PE17/033 (gwaew)
• gwae(w) ✧ PE17/033 (gwae(w)); PE17/034
• Gwae ✧ PE17/189

gwael

noun. ?wind

A word appearing only in the untranslated name Bar-in-Gwael (WJ/418), possibly the cognate of Q. vailë and thus related to gwae “wind”, which is the much better attested form and is thus preferable to use.

Derivations

• √WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed”

Element in

• S. Bar-in-Gwael ✧ WJ/418

Variations

• Gwael ✧ WJ/418

gwaew

wind

_ n. _wind. Tolkien also notes "WAKH in wagme > gwaew, gwae" (PE17:34). >> gwae

sûl

noun. wind

sûl

noun. wind, [strong] wind, *gust

A noun for “wind” appearing in names like Amon Sûl, derived from the root √SŪ “blow, move with audible sound (of air)” (NM/237; PE17/124).

Conceptual Development: A precursor to this word is G. saul “great wind” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/67), derived from the early root ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Súlimo; QL/86).

Neo-Sindarin: Given its connection to the sound of wind, I think sûl would be used mostly for strong or noisy wind, including (but not limited to) gusts of wind, as opposed to more ordinary (and less noisy) gwae “wind”. This notion is supported by its Gnomish precursor G. saul “great wind”.

Cognates

• Q. súrë “wind, breeze” ✧ PE17/124

Derivations

• ✶sūli “wind”
• √SŪ “blow, move with audible sound (of air)” ✧ NM/237; PE17/124

Element in

• S. Amon Sûl “Weathertop, (lit.) Hill of the Wind” ✧ SA/sûl

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√sū > sûl	[sūl] > [sūle] > [sūl]	✧ NM/237
√SŪ > sūl	[sūli] > [sūle] > [sūl]	✧ PE17/124

Variations

• sūl ✧ PE17/015; PE17/124

gwaeron

noun. march (month)

gwaew

wind

1) gwaew (i **waew) (storm), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew), 2) sûl (i hûl), pl. suil (i suil**). Note: a homophone means ”goblet”.

gwaew

wind

(i ’waew) (storm), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew)

sûl

wind

(i hûl), pl. suil (i suil). Note: a homophone means ”goblet”.

gwaeren

windy

(lenited ’waeren; pl. gwaerin)

gwir-

verb. to weave

Derivations

• √WIR “weave, twine, weaving with cross-threads or withes”

Element in

• ᴺS. gwirfin “braid, pigtail, (lit.) woven-tress”
• ᴺS. gwirthar “shuttle, (lit.) weave-across”

gwaeron

march

Gwaeron (na **Waeron**)

gwer-

verb. to weave, wind, spin, twist

Elements

Word	Gloss
WIR	“weave, twine, weaving with cross-threads or withes”

lûg

noun. bend, loop, wind, twist; guile, deceit

Cognates

• Q. lócë “bight, bend, curl of hair”

Derivations

• √LOK “bend, loop, bend, loop, [ᴱ√] twine, twist, curl; [ᴹ√] great serpent, dragon”

Element in

• ᴺS. logren “curled, curly, *bending, looping”

loetha-

verb. to curl, bend, wind, twine, tie knot, tangle

Derivations

• √LOK “bend, loop, bend, loop, [ᴱ√] twine, twist, curl; [ᴹ√] great serpent, dragon”

bawab

noun. wind

The noun for “wind”, attested only in the plural (bawîb) and subjective plural (bawîba) forms (SD/247, SD/312). Its plural form indicates that it is a strong-noun (Strong I), so its final vowel must be short, but in theory it could be any of a, i or u, each of which would be replaced by long î in plural nouns. Nouns with identical vowels are more common, however, so ✱bawab is the most likely singular form, though as Helge Fauskanger points out (AL/Adûnaic) the normal form could also be the weak noun ✱bawâb with a poetic strong plural (SD/435).

Element in

• Ad. bawîba dulgî “winds (were) black” ✧ SD/247; SD/312

sū

noun. wind

Derivations

• √SŪ “blow, move with audible sound (of air)”

Derivatives

• Q. sú “sound of wind, sound of wind, [ᴱQ.] noise of wind” ✧ VT47/12; VT47/35

Element in

• ✶sūli “wind” ✧ VT47/35
• ✶sūri “wind” ✧ VT47/35

sūli

noun. wind

Derivatives

• S. sûl “wind, [strong] wind, *gust”

Elements

Word	Gloss
SŪ	“blow, move with audible sound (of air)”

sūri

noun. wind

Derivations

• √SUR “noise of wind, noise of wind; [ᴱ√] to blow” ✧ NM/237

Derivatives

• Q. súrë “wind, breeze” ✧ NM/237

Variations

• sūr(i) ✧ VT47/35

waile

noun. *wind

Derivations

• √WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/189

Derivatives

• Q. vailë “wind, [strong] wind, *gale” ✧ PE17/189

waiwa(y)

noun. *wind

Derivations

• √WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/189

Derivatives

• Q. vailë “wind, [strong] wind, *gale” ✧ PE17/189
• Q. váva “*wind” ✧ PE17/033
• S. gwae “wind” ✧ PE17/033

Variations

• waiwe ✧ PE17/033 (waiwe)

lub

root. bend

Derivatives

• Q. lúva “bow (in forming tengwar), bight, bend, curve” ✧ PE17/122

Variations

• LUB ✧ PE17/122; PE17/161

ne

root. scent

A root (?) glossed “scent” appearing in notes on the words and phrases in The Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, serving in its extended form nes- “sweet smelling” as the basis for Q. alanessë and S. galanes > galenas “tobacco” = “✱sweet smelling growth” (PE17/100). It might be connected to ᴹ√NEÑ “✱nose” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/NEÑ-WI). Elsewhere the basis for “sweet smelling” seems to be [Q.] nis- (UT/167-8).

Changes

• ~e → ne ✧ PE17/100

Derivatives

• ✶nes- “sweet smelling” ✧ PE17/100

Variations

• ne ✧ PE17/100
• ~e ✧ PE17/100 (~e)

barak

root. wrap

A hypothetical Neo-Root serving as the basis of salvaged Gnomish words brach “shawl, wrap” and braetha- “to wrap, swathe”.

Derivatives

• ᴺS. brach “shawl, wrap, plaid”
• ᴺS. braetha- “to wrap, swathe”

gwaew

noun. wind

gwaew

noun. wind

Cognates

• ᴹQ. vaiwa “wind” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Derivations

• ᴹ√WAIWA “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ
  • ᴹ√WĀ “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Element in

• N. Gwaeron “March, *Windy-one”
• N. Gwaihir “Windlord”
• N. Gwaewar “Windlord”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√WAIWA > gwaew	[waiwa] > [gwaiwa] > [gwaiw] > [gwaew]	✧ Ety/WĀ