Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

khap

root. enfold

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. hampë “clothing, garment”
  • ᴺQ. hap- “to clothe, enfold”
  • N. hab- “to clothe” ✧ Ety/KHAP
  • N. hamma- “to clothe, to clothe, *put on clothes, get dressed” ✧ Ety/KHAP
  • N. hammad “clothing, clothing, *clothes” ✧ Ety/KHAP
  • N. hamp “garment” ✧ Ety/KHAP
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KHAP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rap

root. bind

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “bind” but without derivatives (EtyAC/RAP). The element S. raph (“?rope”) in S. Udalraph “Stirrupless” (“?without (U-) foot-rope”) might be related (UT/313).

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. rappa “rope”
  • S. raph “?rope, strap”

Variations

  • RAP ✧ EtyAC/RAP
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/RAP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

way

root. enfold

The earliest iteration of this root was ᴱ√VAẎA “enfold, wind about” from the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. vaile “covering”, ᴱQ. vaima “wrap, robe”, and ᴱQ. vaita- “wrap” (QL/100). The contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon had derivatives like G. baidha- “clothe”, G. bail “sheath, case, cover; pod”, and G. bain “clad”, based on the primitive form Baʒ̔- (GL/21). This likely meant the medial consonant of the root was actually the voiced palatal spirant [ʝ], which Tolkien generally represented as in Qenya roots (PE12/15-16).

{ᴱN. bain >>} ᴱN. bai “clad” and ᴱN. bail “sheath” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s were probably related (PE13/138). In The Etymologies from the 1930s the root appeared as ᴹ√WAY “enfold” with derivatives like ᴹQ. vaita-/N. gwaeda- “enfold” and N. ui “envelope” (Ety/WAY; EtyAC/WAY). In this entry the form was revised to ᴹ√VAY (Ety/WAY). Tolkien also indicated that it was “confused in later Q with BAYA”, perhaps an attempt to salvage the bai- forms of Gnomish and Early Noldorin, but this sentence was struck out and there is no other sign of ᴹ√BAY in The Etymologies.

Neo-Eldarin: In The Etymologies, the Noldorin words for “clothing” seem to have moved to a new root, ᴹ√KHAP “enfold”, but this root had no Quenya derivatives. I think it is best to reconceive of the Early Qenya derivatives of ᴱ√VAẎA related to “clothing” as derivatives of ᴹ√WAY instead. The Gnomish derivatives of ᴱ√VAẎA can’t be easily salvaged, however, since the later roots changed to make it difficult produce their initial b.

Changes

  • WAYVAY “enfold” ✧ Ety/WAY

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶vaiā “sea”
    • ᴹQ. vea “sea” ✧ PE21/17
  • ᴹ✶wāyā “envelope” ✧ Ety/GEY; Ety/WAY
    • ᴹQ. Vaiya “Outer Sea, Enfolding Ocean” ✧ Ety/GEY
    • ᴹQ. vai(y)a “envelope” ✧ Ety/WAY
    • On. uia “envelope” ✧ Ety/WAY
    • N. ui “envelope” ✧ Ety/WAY
  • ᴺQ. vaima “wrap, robe”
  • ᴺQ. vaina “clad”
  • ᴺQ. vainë “sheath, pod”
  • ᴹQ. vaita- “to enfold, to enfold, [ᴱQ.] wrap” ✧ Ety/WAY
  • N. gwaeda- “to enfold” ✧ Ety/WAY
  • ᴺS. gwaef “wrap, binding”
  • ᴺS. gwael “sheath, case, cover; pod”
  • N. ui “envelope” ✧ Ety/GEY
  • N. Uiar “Ulmo” ✧ Ety/LEP; Ety/ULU

Variations

  • VAY ✧ Ety/WAY
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GEY; Ety/LEP; Ety/ULU; Ety/WAY; Ety/WEY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wed

root. bind

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “bind” with derivatives like ᴹQ. vére/N. gwaedh “bond, troth, compact, oath” and ᴹQ. vesta-/N. gwesta- “swear”, though Tolkien deleted Quenya derivatives of this root beginning with ves- saying they fell out of use due to conflict with ᴹ√BES “wed” (Ety/WED). This root might be a later iteration of the hypothetical early root ✱ᴱ√FEDE indicated by words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s like G. fedhin “bound by agreement; ally, friend” and G. fedhra- “unite in a band” (GL/34), but the 1910s and 1930s forms are rather dissimilar so it is hard to say.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶wedā “bond” ✧ Ety/WED
    • Ilk. gwedh “bond” ✧ Ety/WED
    • On. weda “bond” ✧ Ety/WED
    • N. gwedh “bond” ✧ Ety/WED
  • ᴹ✶wǣdē “bond, troth, compact, oath” ✧ Ety/WED
    • ᴹQ. vére “bond, troth, compact, oath” ✧ Ety/WED
    • On. waide “bond, troth, compact, oath” ✧ Ety/WED
    • N. gwaedh “bond, troth, compact, oath” ✧ Ety/WED
  • ᴹ✶wedtā “contract” ✧ Ety/WED
    • ᴹQ. vesta- “to swear (to do something), contract, make a compact” ✧ Ety/WED
    • ᴹQ. vesta “contract” ✧ Ety/WED
    • N. gwest “oath” ✧ Ety/WED
    • N. gwesta- “to swear” ✧ Ety/WED
  • ᴺQ. angwenda “chain”
  • N. gwedh- “to bind” ✧ Ety/WED
  • N. gwend “bond, friendship” ✧ Ety/WEN

Element in

  • ᴹQ. ovesta “contract, compact, treaty” ✧ Ety/WŌ
  • N. gowest “contract, compact, treaty” ✧ Ety/WŌ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WED; Ety/WEN; Ety/WŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by