Quenya 

amaldar

trees

amaldar ??? (Narqelion; may include aldar "trees")

alda

tree

alda noun "tree" (GALAD, GÁLAD, SA, Nam, RGEO:66, LR:41, SD:302, LT1:249, LT2:340, VT39:7), also name of tengwa #28 (Appendix E). Pl. aldar in Narqelion; gen. pl. aldaron "of trees" in Namárië. Etymology of alda, see Letters:426 and UT:266-7. The latter source states that primitive ¤galadā, whence Quenya alda, originally applied to stouter and more spreading trees such as oaks or beeches, while straighter and more slender trees such as birches were called ¤ornē, Quenya ornë - but this distinction was not always observed in Quenya, and it seems that alda became the general word. According to PE17:25, primitive galada (sic) referred to "a plant (large) and was a general term". Place-name Aldalómë ""tree-night" or "tree-shade-night" (LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in PE17:82); Aldarion masc. name, *"Son of (the) Trees" (Appendix A), Tar-Aldarion a Númenorean King (UT:210). Aldaron a name of Oromë (Silm); aldinga "tree-top" (VT47:28), aldarembina (pl. aldarembinë attested) adj. "tree-tangled", the cognate of Sindarin galadhremmin**(PM:17:26).Aldúya fourth day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Trees (Appendix D). The word seems to include Aldu, a dual form referring to the Two Trees. The Númenóreans altered the name to Aldëa (presumably < aldajā), referring to one tree (the White) only. The dual Aldu seems to occur also in Aldudénië** "Lament for the Two Trees" (a strange word, since Quenya does not permit intervocalic d as in this word perhaps the Vanyarin dialect of Quenya did) (Silm)

alda

noun. tree

Quenya [PE 22:116, 124; PE 22:160] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

alda

noun. tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch

The basic Quenya word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where ᴱQ. alda “tree” appeared under the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). Tolkien seems to have switched its derivation to ✱galadā in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where ᴹQ. alda “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD of the same meaning (Ety/GALAD). See also ornë “(tall) tree” for a discussion of another similar word.

Conceptual Development: There were a few instances where the word alda had a different meaning. In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, alda was glossed “branch” (PE16/139). In notes from 1959 Tolkien said “✱galadā, originally only large flourishing plant, as tree, and especially one that flowered, Q alda, S galað; the general word for ‘tree’ was Q orne ‘upstanding plant’ (PE17/153)”. But in its numerous appearance elsewhere, alda was simply a general word for “tree”.

Cognates

  • S. galadh “tree” ✧ Let/426; LotR/1113; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/136; PE17/153; PE17/153; RGEO/65; SA/alda; NM/352
  • Nan. galad “tree” ✧ PE17/050
  • T. galada “tree” ✧ NM/352

Derivations

  • galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; VT39/07
    • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
    • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
    • GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153
  • GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ PE22/160

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
galadā > alda[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]✧ Let/426
galada > alda[galada] > [galda] > [ɣalda] > [alda]✧ NM/352
galadā > alda[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]✧ PE17/025
galadā > alda[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]✧ PE17/050
galadā > alda[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]✧ PE17/063
galadā > ʒalaðā > ʒalðā > alda[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [ɣalðā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]✧ PE17/135
galadā́ > alda[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]✧ PE17/153
galadā > alda[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]✧ PE17/153
GAL > alda[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]✧ PE22/160
ʒalda > alda[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]✧ VT39/07

Variations

  • Alda ✧ RC/385
Quenya [Let/426; LotR/0377; LotR/1113; LotR/1123; MR/100; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/126; PE17/135; PE17/136; PE17/153; PE22/160; RC/385; RGEO/58; RGEO/65; SA/alda; UT/167; VT39/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ornë

tree

ornë noun "tree" _(Letters:308, SD:302: "when smaller and more slender like a birch or rowan", Etym stem ÓR-NI: "tree, high isolated tree"). For the etymology, see Letters:426; for (original) difference in meaning between ornë and alda, see alda. In ornemalin "tree-yellow"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... (LotR2:III ch. 4; cf. Letters:308), also as final element in malinornë "yellow-tree, mallorn" (q.v.) Masc. name Ornendil *"Tree-friend" (Appendix A)_, compound Ornelië "tree-folk" (Quenya name of the Galadhrim, the tree-people of Lórien) (TI:239).

Nísimaldar

fragrant trees

Nísimaldar noun "Fragrant trees", a region in Númenor (UT:167; evidently #nísima "fragrant", attested here only, + aldar "trees").

ornë

noun. (tall) tree, (tall) tree, [ᴹQ.] high isolated tree

A word for a “(tall) tree” in Quenya, derived from primitive ✶ornē (Let/426; PE17/25, 50). This word can be compared to the more common alda “tree”. Talking about the primitive forms Tolkien said:

> ... ✱ornē “tree” originally and usually applied to the taller, straighter, and more slender trees, such as birches [as opposed to] ... stouter and more spreading trees, such as oaks and beeches, were called in C.E. galadā “great growth” (NM/349 and note #1).

I would use ornë in Quenya only for tall straight trees, and alda as either the general word for “tree”, or where applicable for broad and spreading trees.

Conceptual Development: The earliest precursor to this word seems to be ᴱQ. orond- “bush”, cognate to G. orn “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/62). It became {orne >>} ᴱQ. orme “tree” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/139) and then ᴹQ. orne “high isolated tree” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from ᴹ✶ÓR-NI “high tree” (Ety/ÓR-NI). It retained the form orne thereafter.

Cognates

  • S. orn “(tall straight) tree” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/112; PE17/153; PE17/153

Derivations

  • ornē “(straight) tree” ✧ Let/426
    • RŌ/ORO “up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising” ✧ Let/426

Element in

  • Q. malinornë “mallorn, (lit.) golden/yellow tree” ✧ Let/308; PE17/080
  • ᴺQ. nessornë “sapling”
  • ᴺQ. nindornë “palm-tree”
  • Q. ornemalin “[tree] bearing yellow flowers” ✧ Let/308; PE17/080
  • Q. Ornendil “*Tree-friend”
  • Q. ornendur “tree-keep, forester, woodsman”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ornē > orne[ornē] > [orne]✧ Let/426

Variations

  • orne ✧ Let/308; Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/080; PE17/153
Quenya [Let/308; Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/080; PE17/112; PE17/153] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Harmen

south

[Harmen] noun "south" (MEN)(Changed to hyarmen.)

hyarmen

south

hyarmen, Hyarmen noun "south" (SA, SA:men, KHYAR), literally "lefthand-direction" (VT49:12), since the Elves named the directions as they were to a person facing the Blessed Realm in the West Also name of tengwa #33 (Appendix E). In Hyarmendacil masc.name, "South-victor" (Appendix A), apparently also in the place-name Hyarmentir (name of a mountain; the element -tir means *"watch[ing point]".) (SA) Hyarnustar "the Southwestlands" of Númenor; Hyarrostar the "Southeastlands" (UT:165)

Hyarastorni

south

Hyarastorni place-name, region in Númenor, apparently including hyar- "south" and perhaps orni "trees" (UT:210)

Sindarin 

galadh

noun. tree

Sindarin [Ety/357, S/427, LotR/E, LB/354, RGEO/73, Letters] Group: SINDICT. Published by

galadh

tree

_n. Bot._tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:25:50] < *_galadā _a large plant (general term), tree < GALA grow like plants. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

galadh

tree

{ð} n. tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:25:136] < *_galaða_ < *_galadā_ < GAL to grow (like a plant). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

galadh

noun. tree

The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.

Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).

Cognates

  • Nan. galad “tree” ✧ MR/182; PE17/060
  • Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ Let/426; LotR/1113; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/136; PE17/153; PE17/153; RGEO/65; SA/alda; NM/352

Derivations

  • galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; UT/266
    • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
    • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
    • GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
galadā > galadh[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]✧ Let/426
galada > galað[galada] > [galaða] > [galað]✧ NM/352
galadā > galadh[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]✧ PE17/025
galadā > galadh[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]✧ PE17/050
galadā > galadh[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]✧ PE17/063
galadā > galaða > galað > galadh[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]✧ PE17/135
galadā́ > galað[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]✧ PE17/153
galadā > galað[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]✧ PE17/153
galadā > galadh[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]✧ UT/266

Variations

  • galað ✧ MR/182; MR/470; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/060; PE17/153; PE17/153
Sindarin [LB/354; Let/426; LotR/1113; MR/182; MR/470; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/060; PE17/063; PE17/097; PE17/136; PE17/153; RGEO/65; SA/alda; SA/kal; UT/267] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oron

noun. tree

n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. >> orn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:89] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

orn

noun. (any large) tree

Sindarin [Ety/379, S/435, Letters/426] Group: SINDICT. Published by

malthorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

Sindarin [S/435, LotR/II:IV, VT/42:27, Tengwestie/20031207] malt+orn "tree of gold". Group: SINDICT. Published by

lebethron

noun. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor

In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)

Sindarin [LotR/IV:VII, LotR/VI:V, WR/176] Group: SINDICT. Published by

malhorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

Sindarin [S/435, LotR/II:IV, VT/42:27, Tengwestie/20031207] malt+orn "tree of gold". Group: SINDICT. Published by

mallorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

Sindarin [S/435, LotR/II:IV, VT/42:27, Tengwestie/20031207] malt+orn "tree of gold". Group: SINDICT. Published by

harad

noun. south

Sindarin [Ety/365, S/432, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

harad

adjective. south

_adj. _south, southern. Q. hyarmen, hyarna. >> har-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18:88] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

harad

noun. south

Cognates

  • Q. hyarmen “south, (lit.) left-hand direction” ✧ LotR/1115; LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/088; SA/hyarmen; PE17/018

Element in

  • S. Harad “The South”
  • S. Haradrim “Southrons, (lit.) People of the Harad”
  • S. Haradwaith “South-folk, the Harad”

Variations

  • Harad ✧ LotR/1115
Sindarin [LotR/1115; LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/088; SA/hyarmen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galadh

tree

1) galadh (i **aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302). 2) orn (pl. yrn**). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

galadh

tree

(i ’aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302).

orn

tree

(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

lebethron

oak tree

.

nothlir

family tree

(family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

toss

low-growing tree

(i** doss, o thoss, construct tos), pl. tyss (i** thyss). Tolkien mentioned ”maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.” as examples of the low-growing trees covered by this word. Specific trees, see

galadhrim

people of the trees

(Elves of Lórien). Adj.

harven

south

(i Charven, o Charven) may refer primarily to ”south” as a direction; the final element -ven means ”way”. (VT45:23). Adj.

galadhon

of or related to trees

(lenited ‘aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic ✱galadhaun. The latter is based on David Salo’s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.

haradren

south, southern

(lenited charadren; pl. heredrin), also harn (lenited charn, pl. hern). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”wounded”, and as noun harn also means ”helmet” (so haradren may be preferred for clarity).

huorn

walking tree of fangorn

(i chuorn, o chuorn), pl. huyrn (i chuyrn).

harad

south

1) (”the South” as an area) Harad (i Charad, o Charad, 2) hâr (i châr, o châr, construct har) (also = ”left”). 3) The word Harven (i Charven, o Charven) may refer primarily to ”south” as a direction; the final element -ven means ”way”. (VT45:23). Adj.

harad

south

(i Charad, o Charad

hâr

south

(i châr, o châr, construct har) (also = ”left”).

haradrim

southerners, southrons

(a coll. pl., ”people of the south”)

Telerin 

galada

noun. tree

Cognates

  • Nan. galad “tree”
  • Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ NM/352

Derivations

  • galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ NM/352
    • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
    • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
    • GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153

galla

noun. tree

Changes

  • galdagalla ✧ VT39/19

Variations

  • galda ✧ VT39/19 (galda)
Telerin [VT39/07; VT39/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Nandorin 

galad

noun. tree

Cognates

  • S. galadh “tree” ✧ MR/182; PE17/060
  • Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ PE17/050
  • T. galada “tree”

Derivations

  • galadā “great plant, tree” ✧ PE17/050
    • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
    • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
    • GAL “grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, grow (like plants), flourish, be healthy, be vigorous, bloom, [ᴹ√] thrive” ✧ Let/426; PE17/025; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153

Element in

Variations

  • Galad ✧ PE17/060
Nandorin [MR/182; PE17/050; PE17/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galad

noun. tree

Nandorin [PE17/50] < galadā. Published by

galad

noun. tree

Derived from galadâ "great growth", "tree", applied to stout and spreading trees such as oaks and beeches (UT:266, Letters:426; in the latter source, the root GAL is defined as "grow", intransitive). It is interesting to notice that this word, given in a source much later than the Etymologies that provides most of the Nandorin material, nonetheless agrees well with the older words cited by Tolkien: again we see the loss of original final , whereas original post-vocalic d is unchanged as in the word edel.

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger (Letters:426, MR:182, UT:266)] < GAL. Published by

Primitive elvish

ornē

noun. (straight) tree

Derivations

  • RŌ/ORO “up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising” ✧ Let/426

Derivatives

  • Q. ornë “(tall) tree, (tall) tree, [ᴹQ.] high isolated tree” ✧ Let/426
  • S. eryn “wood, forest (of trees)” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/119
  • S. orn “(tall straight) tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/349; UT/266

Element in

Variations

  • oron ✧ PE17/089
  • orne ✧ PE17/113
  • oronyē ✧ PE17/119
Primitive elvish [Let/426; NM/349; PE17/033; PE17/089; PE17/113; PE17/119; UT/266] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

galadh

noun. tree

Noldorin [Ety/357, S/427, LotR/E, LB/354, RGEO/73, Letters] Group: SINDICT. Published by

galadh

noun. tree

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD; LR/041; PE22/047; SD/302

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
    • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
  • ᴹ✶galadā “tree” ✧ SD/302
    • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
    • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶galadā > galað[galadā] > [galada] > [galaða] > [galað]✧ SD/302

Variations

  • galað ✧ SD/302
  • Galað ✧ TI/249
Noldorin [Ety/GALAD; LR/041; PE22/047; SD/302; TI/249] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orn

noun. tree

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. orne “(high isolated) tree” ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ornē “(high) tree” ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI; SD/302
    • ᴹ√ORON “high tree”
    • ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/ORO

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶ÓR-NI > orn[orni] > [orne] > [orn]✧ Ety/ÓR-NI
ᴹ✶ÓR-NI > yrn[ornī] > [orni] > [urni] > [yrni] > [yrn]✧ Ety/ÓR-NI
ᴹ✶ornē > orn[ornē] > [orne] > [orn]✧ SD/302
Noldorin [Ety/ÓR-NI; Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/NEL; EtyAC/ORO; LR/041; SD/302] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orn

noun. (any large) tree

Noldorin [Ety/379, S/435, Letters/426] Group: SINDICT. Published by

harad

noun. south

Noldorin [Ety/365, S/432, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

harad

noun. south

Changes

  • haranharad ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. hyarmen “south, left hand” ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHYAR “left hand” ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHYAR > harad[kʰjarata] > [kʰarata] > [xarata] > [xarat] > [xarad] > [harad]✧ Ety/KHYAR

Variations

  • haran ✧ EtyAC/KHYAR (haran)
Noldorin [Ety/KHYAR; EtyAC/KHYAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

alda

noun. tree

Cognates

  • N. galadh “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD; LR/041; PE22/047; SD/302
  • Ilk. gald “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
    • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA
  • ᴹ✶galadā “tree” ✧ SD/302
    • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
    • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GÁLAD > alda[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]✧ Ety/GALAD
ᴹ√GÁLAD > alda[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]✧ Ety/GALAD
ᴹ✶galadā > Alda[galadā] > [galdā] > [ɣaldā] > [aldā] > [alda]✧ SD/302

Variations

  • Alda ✧ LR/041; SD/302
  • ’alda ✧ PE22/047; PE22/051
Qenya [Ety/GALAD; LR/041; PE22/021; PE22/022; PE22/047; PE22/051; PE22/116; PE22/124; PE22/125; SD/302; TMME/182] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harmen

noun. south

Doriathrin

gald

noun. tree

A Doriathrin noun for “tree” derived from the root ᴹ√GÁLAD (Ety/GALAD), probably from a primitive form ✱✶galadā with the second a lost due to the Ilkorin Syncope. Note that the first element [[ilk|[gal-] did not reduce to [gl-]]] because the initial syllable was stressed in the primitive word.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD
    • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GÁLAD > gald[galadā] > [galada] > [galda] > [gald]✧ Ety/GALAD
Doriathrin [Ety/GALAD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orn

noun. tree

A Doriathrin noun for “tree” derived from the root ᴹ√ÓR-NI or ᴹ√ÓRON (Ety/ÓR-NI, EtyAC/NEL). According Tolkien, it was “in Doriath used especially of beech, but as a suffix [it was] used of any tree of any size” (Ety/ÓR-NI). The root ᴹ√ÓR-NI in The Etymologies suggests a primitive form of ᴹ✶ornĭ, but elsewhere Tolkien indicated the primitive form was ᴹ✶ornē (e.g. on SD/302). Both primitive forms would have produced Ilk. orn, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/orn).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. orne “(high isolated) tree” ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ORON “high tree” ✧ Ety/NEL
  • ᴹ✶ornē “(high) tree” ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI
    • ᴹ√ORON “high tree”
    • ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/ORO

Element in

  • Ilk. regorn “holly-tree” ✧ Ety/ÓR-NI
  • Ilk. Hirilorn “*Tree of the Lady”
  • Ilk. neldor “beech” ✧ Ety/NEL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ÓRON > orn[ornē] > [orne] > [orn]✧ Ety/NEL
ᴹ✶ÓR-NI > orn[orni] > [orne] > [orn]✧ Ety/ÓR-NI
Doriathrin [Ety/NEL; Ety/ÓR-NI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

galad

root. tree

The basis for Elvish “tree” words, this root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as an extension of ᴹ√GALA “thrive” (Ety/GALAD). This replaced the earliest derivation of “tree” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where the Qenya word for “tree” ᴱQ. alda was derived from ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). In The Etymologies, the Quenya form of this word remained the same, but the 1910s Gnomish words G. âl “wood” and †alwen “tree” (GL/19) became the 1930s Noldorin word N. galadh “tree” (Ety/GALA). Quenya and Sindarin retained these words for “tree” thereafter, and while Tolkien did not mention the root √GALAD again, his continued use of primitive ✶galadā “tree” (Let/426; PE17/153; PE21/74; UT/266) made it clear this root remained valid.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA

Derivatives

  • Ilk. gald “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD
  • galadā “great plant, tree”
    • Nan. galad “tree” ✧ PE17/050
    • Q. alda “tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch” ✧ Let/426; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; VT39/07
    • S. galadh “tree” ✧ Let/426; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/135; PE17/153; PE17/153; UT/266
    • T. galada “tree” ✧ NM/352
  • ᴹ✶galadā “tree”
    • ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ SD/302
    • N. galadh “tree” ✧ SD/302
  • galādu “thicket”
  • ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
  • N. galadh “tree” ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD

Element in

  • Ilk. galbreth “beech” ✧ Ety/BERÉTH; Ety/NEL

Variations

  • GÁLAD ✧ Ety/GALAD; Ety/GALAD
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BERÉTH; Ety/GALA; Ety/GALAD; Ety/NEL; EtyAC/GALAD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galadā

noun. tree

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GALAD “tree”
    • ᴹ√GAL “grow, thrive” ✧ Ety/GALA

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. alda “tree” ✧ SD/302
  • N. galadh “tree” ✧ SD/302
Middle Primitive Elvish [SD/302] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

alwen

noun. tree

Cognates

  • Eq. alda “tree, branch” ✧ LT2A/Galdor

Element in

  • G. Nos nan Alwen “men of the tree” ✧ LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin; PE15/24

Variations

  • Alwen ✧ LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin
Gnomish [GL/19; LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin; LT2A/Galdor; PE13/109; PE15/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galdon

noun. tree

Changes

  • GaldonAlwen “tree” ✧ LT2/215
  • galdonalwen “tree” ✧ LT2A/Galdor
  • galdonalwen “tree” ✧ PE15/24

Element in

  • G. Nos Galdon “People of Galdor” ✧ LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin; LT2A/Galdor
  • G. Thlim Galdon “*Folk of the Tree” ✧ PE13/104

Variations

  • Galdon ✧ LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin
Gnomish [LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin; LT2A/Galdor; PE13/104; PE15/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orn

noun. tree

Cognates

  • Eq. oron “bush” ✧ GL/62

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶ornĕ “tree” ✧ PE13/116; PE13/116

Element in

Gnomish [GL/19; GL/42; GL/62; LT2A/Galdor; LT2A/Hirilorn; PE13/109; PE13/115; PE13/116] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alw(eg)

adjective. lofty (of living things, trees, men)

Changes

  • awlalw ✧ PE13/109

Cognates

  • Eq. alva “?lofty”

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶alwa “*lofty” ✧ PE13/109
    • ᴱ√ALA “spread‽”

Element in

Variations

  • awl ✧ PE13/109; PE13/109 (awl)
  • alw ✧ PE13/109
  • alweg ✧ PE13/109; PE13/115
Gnomish [PE13/109; PE13/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

orn

noun. tree

Cognates

  • Eq. orne “tree” ✧ PE13/164

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶ornĕ “tree” ✧ PE13/164
Early Noldorin [PE13/151; PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

ornĕ

noun. tree

Derivatives

  • Eq. orne “tree” ✧ PE13/164
  • En. orn “tree” ✧ PE13/164
  • G. orn “tree” ✧ PE13/116; PE13/116

Variations

  • orne- ✧ PE13/164
Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/116; PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

orme

noun. tree

orne

noun. tree

Changes

  • orneorme ✧ PE16/139

Cognates

  • En. orn “tree” ✧ PE13/164

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶ornĕ “tree” ✧ PE13/164

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶orne- > orne[ornē] > [orne]✧ PE13/164

Variations

  • orme ✧ PE16/139
Early Quenya [PE13/164; PE16/080; PE16/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by