e

pronoun. he

The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King

e

pronoun. he

Cognates

• ᴹQ. e “he, she, it”

Element in

• S. ar e aníra ennas suilannad mhellyn în phain “and he desires to greet there all his friends” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129
• S. edregol e aníra tírad i Cherdir Perhael (i sennui Panthael estathar aen) Condir i Drann “in especial he desires to see Master Samwise (who should be called Fullwise) Mayor of the Shire” ✧ AotM/062; SD/129

edhel

e

e, pl1. edhil {ð}_ n. _marcher, one who went forth.

ell

e

e, pl2. eldrim n.

en

of the

poss. art. of the.

en

preposition. of the

Changes

• ani → eni ✧ PE17/097
• en(n)a → ena ✧ PE17/097

Derivations

• ✶ān(a) “subjective genitive” ✧ PE17/097

Element in

• S. alae! ered en Echoriath, ered e·mbar nín “[?behold!] the mountains of Echoriath, the mountains of my home!” ✧ UT/040; UT/040; UT/054
• S. Bar-en-Danwedh “House of Ransom” ✧ S/203
• S. Bar-en-Nibin-noeg “House of the Petty Dwarves” ✧ UT/100
• S. Cabed-en-Aras “Deer’s Leap” ✧ UT/150
• S. Cirith Forn en Andrath “High-Climbing Pass of the North”
• S. Daur a Berhael, Conin en Annûn “Frodo and Sam, princes of the west” ✧ Let/448; LotR/0953
• S. Dor-en-Ernil “Land of the Prince” ✧ UT/245
• S. Haudh-en-Arwen “Ladybarrow”
• S. Haudh-en-Elleth “Mound of the Elf-maid” ✧ PE17/141; S/216
• S. Haudh-en-Ellas ✧ PE17/097
• S. Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain, (lit.) Mound of the Slain”
• S. Haudh-en-Nirnaeth “Mound of Tears” ✧ S/197
• S. i mbair en Ndengin “the houses of the Slain” ✧ PE17/097
• S. mellyn enin Edhellion “*friends of the Elves” ✧ PE17/097
• S. Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” ✧ UT/153
• S. Narn en·Êl “*Tale of the Star” ✧ MR/373
• S. Narn e·Dant Gondolin ar Orthad en·Êl “*Tale of the Fall of Gondolin and the Raising of the Star” ✧ MR/373; MR/373
• S. Narn e·Dinúviel “Tale of the Nightingale” ✧ MR/373
• S. Narn e·mbar Hador “*Tale of the House of Hador” ✧ MR/373
• S. Narn e·’Rach Morgoth “Tale of the Curse of Morgoth” ✧ MR/373
• S. paeth e Ngolodhrim “*speech of the Noldor” ✧ PE17/126; PE17/126
• S. Roch-cheruin “Steed of the Lady” ✧ PE17/097
• S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23; VT50/23
• S. Taur e-Ndaedelos “Forest of the Great Fear” ✧ LotR/1134
• S. Taur-en-Faroth “*Forest of the Hunting”
• S. dagnir an Glaurung “slayer of Glaurung” ✧ PE17/097

Variations

• en ✧ Let/448; LotR/0953; PE17/097; PE17/102; PE17/141; S/197; S/203; S/216; UT/040; UT/100; UT/150; UT/153; UT/245; VT50/23
• en· ✧ MR/373
• an ✧ PE17/097
• ena ✧ PE17/097
• ani ✧ PE17/097 (ani)
• en(n)a ✧ PE17/097 (en(n)a)

no

verb. be!

min

cardinal. one, one, [G.] single

Cognates

• Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06

Element in

• S. Miniel “Vanyar”
• S. minlamad “?alliteration, (lit.) first-echoing”
• S. minui “first” ✧ VT42/25
• S. minuial “(dawn) twilight”

Variations

• min ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
• mîn ✧ VT42/25

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody

Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2

na-

verb. to be

na-

verb. to be

Changes

• dôd → dád ✧ VT44/22
• dád → hae ✧ VT44/22
• hae → no ✧ VT44/24

Cognates

• Q. ná- “to be, to be, [ᴱQ.] exist”

Derivations

• √NĀ “be (the same as another), exist”

Element in

• S. no aer i eneth lín “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT44/24
• ᴺS. novaer “goodbye, farewell, (lit.) be well”
• ᴺS. navaer “farewell, (lit.) be well”
• S. sí il chem en i Naugrim en ir Ellath thor den ammen “*now all (?hands) of the Dwarves and Elves will be (?against) to us” ✧ VT50/23

Variations

• dôd ✧ VT44/22 (dôd)
• dád ✧ VT44/22 (dád)
• hae ✧ VT44/22 (hae)

an-

prefix. intensive prefix

Cognates

• Q. an- “intensive prefix”

Element in

• S. Anfauglith “Gasping Dust” ✧ SA/faug
• S. einior “elder”

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

mîn

fraction. one (first of a series)

ganna

harp

(verb, play a harp) ganna- (i nganna = i ñanna, in gannar = i ñgannar); also gannada (i ngannada = i ñannada, in gannadar = i ñgannadar).

e

outer

(adjectival prefix) e-, ed-

e

outer

ed

e

he

1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)

e

he

(SD:128-31)

e

out

e, ed (away, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition: (WJ:367)

e

out

ed (away, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition:

e

forth

(adv. pref.) e, ed (out, away); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)

e

forth

ed (out, away); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)

e

away

ed (out, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)

en

of the

en-, e- (sg. genitival article): interjection

en

of the

en-, e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.

ho

he

hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*

na

be

: The verb ”to be” is poorly attested. Apparently the root is na-. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund *”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps *leben tail brand i annon.

na

be

. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund ✱”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps ✱leben tail brand i annon.

eru

the one

isolated from

min

cardinal. one

1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)

min

one

mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.

pen

cardinal. one

(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

one

(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

êr

one

whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)

edren

adjective. outer

Derivations

• √ET “out, forth”

gannel

harp

(noun) gannel (i ngannel = i ñannel, o n**gannel = o ñgannel), pl. gennil (in gennil = i ñgennil), coll. pl. gannellath. Archaic †gandel**.

î

interjection. indeed

Cognates

• ᴹQ. é “indeed”

Derivations

• ᴹ√Ē “indeed”

gwachae

away

1) (adj.) gwachae (remote), lenited wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch (PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir). 2) (adv.) e, ed (out, forth); also as adjectival prefix "outer" and preposition "out from, out of" (WJ:367)

gwachae

away

(remote), lenited ’wachae, no distinct pl. form. The form occurring in the primary source, #gwahae, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciantion with h for ch *(PM:186, isolated from gwahaedir)*.