rest

noun. *cut, [N.] cut

A noun appearing as N. rhest in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a cognate to ᴹQ. rista “a cut”, both derived from the root ᴹ√RIS (Ety/RIS). It appeared in later writings as an element in the (untranslated) name Eglarest (S/58; WJ/365). In Noldorin, an initial r unvoiced to rh, but this was not the case in Sindarin, so its independent Sindarin form is probably rest.

Rest

noun. cut

Rest

cut

(noun) 1) rest (ravine, cleft), pl. rist (idh rist), 2) criss (i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cleft, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss)

rest

cleft

(ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)

rest

ravine

(cleft, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)

rest

cut

(ravine, cleft), pl. rist (idh rist)

Ēd

noun. Rest

Dor. Rest

send

noun. ?rest

A word implied by the noun sennas “guesthouse”. It might be a noun form of the root √SED “rest”, so that sennas = “✱rest-place”.

îdh

feminine name. Estë, (lit.) Rest, Repose, Peace

Sindarin name for Q. Estë, it is simply îdh “rest” used as a name, a derivative of primitive ✶ezdē (PE19/92).

Conceptual Development: The name N. Îdh appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s, with the same derivation (Ety/EZDĒ). It was first written as (rejected) Ēdh, perhaps representing some uncertainty on the [[on|vocalization of [z] before voiced stops]] in Noldorin.

rist

cleft

(noun) 1) rist (-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”, 2) cirith (i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith), 3) cîl (i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”. 4) criss (i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”, 5) rest (ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 6) (deep cleft) falch (ravine[?]), pl. felch

îdh

noun. rest, repose, peace, tranquility

ress

ravine

(construct res), pl. riss (idh riss)

rist

cleft

(-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”

send

noun. (?) rest

senn

noun. (?) rest

îdh

noun. rest, repose

îdh

rest

_(noun) _1) îdh (repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt),

îdh

rest

(repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

ossend

 noun. "sabbath day; day of rest"

Sindarin adaptation of the Quenya neologism sendarë ("sabbath, day of rest"). Derived from the prefix or- ("day") and the word send (possibly meaning "rest"), with the form being reminiscent of other Sindarin weekdays (e.g., Oranor ("Sunday")).

sesta-

verb. to set, (lit.) to make rest (on)

This neologism arose from a conversation on Google+ in 2018 discussing various options for “put, place, set” in (Neo) Elvish. This verb (and its Quenya equivalent) was proposed for “set” as a causative verb formation based on the root √SED, so more literally “to make rest (on)”. It is used when placing an item on a more or less horizontal surface without any special attachments, as in i adan sestant i vegil bo hardh “the man set the sword (megil) on a table (sardh)”.

The same Google+ conversation suggested ᴺS. sasta- for the more general sense “put, place”, a causative formation based on √SAT “place”. However, I now find this construction problematic since the verbal sense of √SAT is “apportion”, not “place”. I prefer to use ᴺS. panna- (inspired by G. panta-) to mean “put, place” in Neo-Sindarin.

posta-

verb. to stop, cease, leave off, rest

@@@ Fiona Jallings suggested it might also mean “rest”, but for this I think sedh- is better

sedh-

verb. to rest

A neologism coined by Elaran based on the root √SED of the same meaning.

criss

noun. cleft, cleft, [N.] cut, slash, [G.] gash; [N.] pass, [G.] gully, ravine

A word for a “cleft, cut, slash” (PE21/81; Ety/KIRIS) derived from √KIRIS, a blend of the roots √KIR and √RIS (PE17/87).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. criss “cleft, gash, gully” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it was probably already a derivative of the early root ᴱ√KIRISI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/27; LT2A/Cris Ilbranteloth). In the Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin Tolkien gave cris with the definition “a cleft, ravine, or narrow way of waters with high walls” (PE15/21), and in this period it typically appeared in this shorter form within names like G. Cris Ilbranteloth or G. Cris Thorn.

N. criss appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “cleft, cut, slash” under the root ᴹ√KIRIS “cut” (Ety/KIRIS). It also appeared under the root ᴹ√KIR with the gloss “cleft, pass”, but this instance was deleted (EtyAC/KIR). S. criss “cleft” was mentioned in passing in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s as derived from primitive ✶kirissi (PE21/80-81), and it was mentioned as a blending of roots in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s as described above (PE17/87). Its use in names diminished over time, however, the only remnant in the final version of The Silmarillion being S. Crissaegrim (S/121).

Neo-Sindarin: In The Etymologies of the 1930s it seems this word was principally used as for a “cleft, cut, slash” independent of geography. I would assume the same is true for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since criss is used only in a single geographic name in Tolkien’s later writings; S. cirith was use more broadly in geographic features. I would also assume it was a larger and more violent cut (a “gash” or “slash”) compared to S. rest for simple cuts.

îdh

estë

daur

pause

(noun) 1) daur (i dhaur) (stop; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath. 2) (noun) post (i bost, o phost) (halt, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

iaw

ravine

1. iaw (cleft, gulf), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”. 2) ress (construct res), pl. riss (idh riss), 3) rest (cleft, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 4) riss (construct ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh riss)

post

pause

(i bost, o phost) (halt, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

post

cessation

post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, rest, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

post

cessation

(i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, rest, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

îdh

repose

îdh (rest), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl.

îdh

repose

(rest), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl.

dôr

noun. land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land

cirith

noun. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock, ravine, defile

daur

noun. pause, stop

daur

noun. league (about 3 miles)

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

dôr

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

falch

noun. deep cleft, ravine

riss

adjective. cleft

_ adj. _cleft, cloven, separate. Q. rista, risse, rinse. >> Imladris

riss

noun. ravine

rista-

verb. to cut

rista-

verb. to rend, rip

thanc

adjective. cleft, split, forked

îdh

noun. peace

peace, tranquillity

bâr

land

(dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

cirith

cleft

(i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith)

criss

cleft

(i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”

criss

cut

(i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cleft, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss)

cîl

cleft

(i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”.

daur

pause

(i dhaur) (stop; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath.

dortha

dwell

dortha- (i northa, i ndorthar) (stay)

dortha

dwell

(i northa, i ndorthar) (stay)

dôr

land

1. dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413), 2) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

dôr

land

(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413)

falch

cleft

(ravine[?]), pl. felch

falch

ravine

(deep cleft), pl. felch

iaw

ravine

(cleft, gulf), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.

nand

wide grassland

(construct nan) (valley), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36);

parth

enclosed grassland

(i barth, o pharth) (field, sward), pl. perth (i pherth);

riss

ravine

(construct ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh riss)****

sîdh

peace

sîdh (i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form. 1) aeg (point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.

sîdh

peace

(i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form.

thanc

cleft

(adj.) thanc (forked, split), pl. thainc

thanc

cleft

(forked, split), pl. thainc

rhest

noun. cut

rhest

noun. cut

Ídh

noun. Rest

Rest

îdh

feminine name. Rest

post

noun. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite

post

noun. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite

Eord

noun. Rest

sîdh

noun. peace

criss

noun. cleft, cut, slash

cîl

noun. cleft, pass between hills, gorge

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

dortha-

verb. to dwell, stay

iau

noun. ravine, cleft, gulf

osgar-

verb. to cut round, to amputate

rhess

noun. ravine

rhess

noun. ravine

rhis

noun. ravine

rhis

noun. ravine

rhista-

verb. to cut

rhista-

verb. to rend, rip

sîdh

noun. peace

thanc

adjective. cleft, split, forked

Este

noun. Rest

Rest

estë

feminine name. Rest, Repose, Peace

The Valië of peace and healing (S/28), spouse of Irmo (Lórien). Her name is variously translated as “Rest” (SI/Estë, Ety/EZDĒ), “Repose” (WJ/403) and “Peace” (PE19/91). In Quenya, the word Estë is only used for the name of this Valië (WJ/404). A more ordinary word for “rest, repose, peace” is sérë (VT44/35, Ety/SED). Both the name and the word are derived from the same root √SED (Ety/SED, WJ/403). The name is derived from the primitive form ✶ezdē (PE19/91-2, WJ/403).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, Lórien had no wife (LT1/66). ᴹQ. Este first appeared in the initial drafts of the Annals of Beleriand (SM/263), and the derivation of her name first appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/SED).

Estë

repose, rest

Estë fem. name "Repose, Rest" _(WJ:403, EZDĒ, SED), only used as name of a Valië (WJ:404)_

Este

noun. Peace

Peace, name of wife of Lórien

ser-

verb. rest

ser- vb. "rest" (1st pers. aorist serin "I rest"); pa.t. probably *sendë since the R of ser- was originally D (cf. stem SED; compare rer- pa.t. rendë from RED concerning the past tense)

Estë

Rest

Estë is a Quenya name meaning "rest". The same Root, EZDE, also yielded her Sindarin name, Îdh (pron. ) and the Nandorin Eord.

hauta-

verb. cease, take a rest, stop

hauta- vb. "cease, take a rest, stop" (KHAW)

quildë

quiet, rest, hush

quildë, quillë noun "quiet, rest, hush" (GL:23, QL:78)

sérë

rest, repose, peace

sérë noun "rest, repose, peace" (SED, VT44:35); see under úyë concerning the sentence úyë sérë indo-ninya símen in Fíriel's Song

Este

Estë

Estë is a Quenya name meaning "rest". The same Root, EZDE, also yielded her Sindarin name, Îdh (pron. [iːð]) and the Nandorin Eord.

ser-

verb. rest,repose;stay, tarry, be at the moment

seru-

verb. settle on, sit or lie down, come to rest on

sesta-

verb. to set, (lit.) to make rest (on)

This neologism arose from a conversation on Google+ in 2018 discussing various options for “put, place, set” in (Neo) Elvish. This verb (and its Sindarin equivalent) was proposed for “set” as a causative verb formation based on the root √SED, so more literally “to make rest (on)”. It is used when placing an item on a more or less horizontal surface without any special attachments, as in i adan sestane i macil paluhtasse “the man set the sword on a table”.

The same Google+ conversation suggested ᴺQ. sasta- for the more general sense “put, place”, a causative formation based on √SAT “place”. However, I now find this construction problematic since the verbal sense of √SAT is “apportion”, not “place”. I prefer to use Q. caita- “to lay, place” as a transitive variant of Q. caita- “to lie (down)”, inspired by ᴱQ. kaita- “to place” from the 1910s (QL/46).

sérë

noun. peace, [ᴹQ.] rest, repose

sendarë

noun. sabbath, day of rest

quilda-

verb. to stay quiet, be quiet, rest

quildë

noun. quiet, rest, hush

ruë

noun. stillness, *steadiness, tranquility, rest, remaining, steadfastness

úyë

is

úyë vb., a form occurring in Fíriel's Song (cf. VT46:22), apparently ye "is" with the negative prefix ú-, hence "is not" (úyë sérë indo-ninya símen, translated "my hearth resteth not here", literally evidently *"[there] is not rest [for] my heart here")

nór

noun. land

A term for “land” as in “(dry) land as opposed to the sea”, mentioned in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/413) and again in notes from around 1968 (PE17/106-107).

Possible Etymology: In the Quendi and Eldar essay this term was derived from primitive ✶ndōro, but in the aforementioned 1968 notes Tolkien clarified that its stem form was nŏr-. This means it was probably derived from ancient ✱ndŏr-, where the long vowel in the uninflected form was inherited from the Common Eldarin subjective form ✱ndōr, a phenomenon also seen in words like nér (ner-) “man”. I prefer this second derivation, as it makes the independent word more distinct from the suffixal form -ndor or -nóre used in the names of countries.

sívë

noun. peace

-ië

suffix. is

-ië (3) "is", -ier "are", stative verb suffix occurring in Fíriel's Song: númessier "they are in the west", meldielto "they are...beloved", talantië "he is fallen", márië "it is good" (< *númessë "in the west", melda "beloved", *talanta "fallen"); future tense -iéva in hostainiéva "will be gathered" (< *hostaina "gathered"). Compare ye "is", yéva "will be", verbs that also occur in Fíriel's Song. This suffix is probably not valid in LotR-style Quenya: -ië is an infinitival or gerundial ending in CO, for ye "is" Namárië has ná, and the phrase "lost is" is vanwa ná, not *vanwië.

-ndor

land

-ndor, final element in compounds: "land" (Letters:308, UT:253)

-ssë

suffix. locative ending

ciris

cleft, crack

ciris _("k")_noun "cleft, crack" (LT2:337 - obsoleted by cirissë?)

erdë

repose

erdë (3) noun "repose" (marked by Tolkien with an "X", perhaps indicating that he considered dropping this form to eliminate homophones)(VT46:12). Compare sérë.

falqua

cleft, mountain pass, ravine

falqua ("q") noun "cleft, mountain pass, ravine" (LT2:341)

har-

verb. dwell, abide, reside permanently

hyatsë

cleft, gash

hyatsë noun "cleft, gash" (SYAD), apparently changed by Tolkien from hyassë (VT46:16)

lat-

verb. lie, be situated

ná

is

ná (1) vb. "is" (am). (Nam, RGEO:67). This is the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns "in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another" (VT49:28). Also in impersonal constructions: ringa ná "it is cold" (VT49:23). The copula may however be omitted "where the meaning is clear" without it (VT49:9). Ná is also used as an interjection "yes" or "it is so" (VT49:28). Short na in airë [] na, "[] is holy" (VT43:14; some subject can evidently be inserted in the place of [].) Short na also functions as imperative: alcar mi tarmenel na Erun "glory in high heaven be to God" (VT44:32/34), also na airë "be holy" (VT43:14); also cf. nai "be it that" (see nai #1). The imperative participle á may be prefixed (á na, PE17:58). However, VT49:28 cites ná as the imperative form. Pl. nar or nár "are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 9, 30); dual nát (VT49:30). With pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë "I am", nalyë or natyë "you (sg.) are" (polite and familiar, respectively), nás "it is", násë "(s)he is", nalmë "we are" (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps to be taken as representing the aorist: nain, naityë, nailyë (1st person sg, and 2nd person familiar/polite, respectively); does a following na represent the aorist with no pronominal ending? However, the forms nanyë, nalyë, ná, nassë, nalme, nar (changed from nár) are elsewhere said to be "aorist", without the extra vowel i (e.g. nalyë rather than nailyë); also notice that *"(s)he is" is here nassë rather than násë (VT49:30).Pa.t. nánë or né "was", pl. náner/nér and dual nét "were" (VT49:6, 9, 10, 27, 28, 30, 36). According to VT49:31, né "was" cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë "he was" is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen "I was", anel "you were", anes "(s)he/it was" (VT49:28-29). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 27; another version however gives the future tense as uva, VT49:30). Nauva with a pronominal ending occurs in tanomë nauvan "I will be there" (VT49:19), this example indicating that forms of the verb ná may also be used to indicate position. Perfect anaië "has been" (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). Infinitive (or gerund) návë "being", PE17:68. See also nai #1.

nór

land

nór noun "land" (stem nor-, PE17:106) this is land as opposed to water and sea (nor in Letters:308). Cf. nórë.

nóre

noun. land

nórë

land

nórë noun "land" (associated with a particular people) (WJ:413), "country, land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live, race, clan" (NŌ, NDOR, BAL), also used = "race, tribe, people" (SA:dôr, PE17:169; however, the normal word for "people" is lië). Early "Qenya" hasnórë "native land, nation, family, country" (in compounds -nor) (LT1:272)

quilda

quiet, hushed, still

quilda adj. "quiet, hushed, still" (QL:78)

rainë

peace

rainë noun "peace" (VT44:34-35)

rissë

cut

rissë noun? The word is not clearly glossed but apparently means "cut" or "cleft" (ravine), the cognate of the final element of Imladris, Sindarin name of Rivendell. (PE17:87)

rista

cut

rista (2) noun "cut" (RIS), cf. #1 above.

sanca

cleft, split

sanca (þ) ("k") noun? (or adj, or both?) "cleft, split" (STAK)

sívë

peace

sívë (2) noun "peace" (VT44:35)

ye

is

ye (2) copula "is" (FS, VT46:22); both earlier and later sources rather point to ná (q.v.) as the copula "is", so ye may have been an experiment Tolkien later abandoned. Future tense yéva, q.v.

yáwë

ravine, cleft, gulf

yáwë noun "ravine, cleft, gulf" (YAG; according to VT46:22, the last gloss should perhaps be read as "gully" instead)

sed

root. rest

This root first appeared as ᴹ√SED “rest” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. sére “rest, repose, peace” and N. sîdh “peace”, along with the name of the Valië ᴹQ. Este < ᴹ✶ezdē (Ety/SED). The root √SED “rest” along with the etymology of Este reappeared in both the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s (PE19/45) and the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s (PE19/92), and again in revisions to the OP2 page annotated in green ink and thus probably from 1970 (PE19/91 and note #110).

The root √SED “rest” was mentioned a couple times in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 as the basis for the verb ᴹQ. ser- “rest, repose” (PE22/102, 125) and again (unglossed) in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 as the basis for Este (WJ/403). In the sense “peace” this root had some competition, however. In the first version of the Gloria in Excelsis Deo prayer from the mid-1960s, Tolkien used Q. sívë for “peace”, revised to Q. sérë in the second version and then Q. rainë (VT44/32). The word Q. sívë “peace” reappeared in unpublished etymological notes from 1969 derived from the root √SIB “rest, quiet” (VT44/35).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would use √SED for the act of resting and so Q. sérë “peace” = “restfulness (personal peace)”, and would use √SIB = “quiet, ✱stillness, absence of activity” and so Q. sívë “peace” = “absence of activity or violence (environmental peace)”. I would use Q. rainë as “good will” in connection to √RAY “smile”.

ezdē

noun. rest

kay

root. lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell

Tolkien used this root for “lie (down)” for most of his life. It appeared as ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/46), but in that document there was another root ᴱ√KAMA “lie down”, with the derivative ᴱQ. kama- “to lie down” (QL/44). There is no sign of ᴱ√KAMA¹ being used this way after the 1910s, and in the 1920s Early Qenya Grammar, the verb for “lie down” was kaita- (PE14/58), which in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the transitive sense “to place” (QL/44).

The root ᴹ√KAY “lie down” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KAY), and it appeared again in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 as the basis for the verb ᴹQ. kaita- “to lie (down)” (PE22/126). The root and associated Quenya verb continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings all the way up through the late 1960s, always with the sense “lie” (PE17/72; PE22/156).

sedu-

verb. to go to rest

sib

root. rest, quiet

sedu

verb. go to rest

ndorē

noun. land

rista

noun. *cut

kwilid

root. quiet

kait-a

verb. lie, be on the ground

kirissi

noun. cleft

ndōro

noun. land

Erde

noun. Rest

Rest

éde

feminine name. Repose

dóri-

noun. land

Isolated from Lindórinan. The independent form of the word may differ; it is unclear where the i of the compound Lindórinan comes from. In the Etymologies, the Eldarin words for "land" are derived from a stem NDOR "dwell, stay, rest, abide" (LR:376).

No Nandorin word is there listed, but Sindarin dor is derived from primitive ndorê. Notice, however, that Tolkien many years later derived the Eldarin words for "land" from a stem DORO "dried up, hard, unyielding" (WJ:413). However, this later source does confirm that the Primitive Quendian form was ndorê, now thought to be formed by initial enrichment d > nd. This is defined as "the hard, dry land as opposed to water or bog", later developing the meaning "land in general as opposed to sea", and finally also "a land" as a particular region, "with more or less defined bounds".

Whether dóri- actually comes from ndorê is highly doubtful (this would rather yield *dora in Nandorin), but it must be derived from the same set of stems.

thâni

noun. land

A noun translated “land” (SD/435) appearing in the Adûnaic names for the Blessed Realm: Amatthâni and thâni’nAmân. Its Primitive Adûnaic form was also ✶thāni, though its primitive was glossed “realm" (SD/420).

zâyan

noun. land

An Adûnaic word for “land” (SD/423). It has an irregular plural form zâin which is the result of the phonetic change (SD/423): [[pad|medial [w] and [j] vanished before [u] and [i]]]. Thus, the archaic plural changed from †zâyîn > zâîn > zâin.

Conceptual Development: In earlier names this word appeared as zen (SD/378, 385).