Este

noun. Rest

Rest

ser-

rest

ser- vb. "rest" (1st pers. aorist serin "I rest"); pa.t. probably *sendë since the R of ser- was originally D (cf. stem SED; compare rer- pa.t. rendë from RED concerning the past tense)

Este

noun. Peace

Peace, name of wife of Lórien

Estë

repose, rest

Estë fem. name "Repose, Rest" _(WJ:403, EZDĒ, SED), only used as name of a Valië (WJ:404)_

estë

feminine name. Rest, Repose, Peace

The Valië of peace and healing (S/28), spouse of Irmo (Lórien). Her name is variously translated as “Rest” (SI/Estë, Ety/EZDĒ), “Repose” (WJ/403) and “Peace” (PE19/91). In Quenya, the word Estë is only used for the name of this Valië (WJ/404). A more ordinary word for “rest, repose, peace” is sérë (VT44/35, Ety/SED). Both the name and the word are derived from the same root √SED (Ety/SED, WJ/403). The name is derived from the primitive form ✶ezdē (PE19/091-2, WJ/403).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, Lórien had no wife (LT1/66). ᴹQ. Este first appeared in the initial drafts of the Annals of Beleriand (SM/263), and the derivation of her name first appeared in The Etymologies (Ety/SED).

Cognates

• T. Éde “Repose” ✧ PE19/092; WJI/Estë
• S. Îdh “Estë, (lit.) Rest, Repose, Peace” ✧ PE19/092

Derivations

• ✶ezdē “rest” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092; WJ/403
  • √SED “rest” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092; WJ/403

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ezdē > Este	[ezdē] > [estē] > [este]	✧ PE19/091
✶Ezdē > Este	[ezdē] > [estē] > [este]	✧ PE19/092
✶ezdē > Este	[ezdē] > [estē] > [este]	✧ WJ/403

Variations

• Este ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092 (Este); PE19/101; WJ/403; WJ/404

rista

cut

rista (2) noun "cut" (RIS), cf. #1 above.

rista

noun. *cut, [ᴹQ.] cut

Derivations

• √RIS “cut, cleave, cut, cleave; [ᴹ√] slash, rip” ✧ PE17/087

Element in

• ᴺQ. hórista “citation, quotation, (lit.) something cut out”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√RIS > rista	[rista]	✧ PE17/087

erdë

repose

erdë (3) noun "repose" (marked by Tolkien with an "X", perhaps indicating that he considered dropping this form to eliminate homophones)(VT46:12). Compare sérë.

ciris

cleft, crack

ciris _("k")_noun "cleft, crack" (LT2:337 - obsoleted by cirissë?)

nóre

noun. land

nórë

land

nórë noun "land" (associated with a particular people) (WJ:413), "country, land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live, race, clan" (NŌ, NDOR, BAL), also used = "race, tribe, people" (SA:dôr, PE17:169; however, the normal word for "people" is lië). Early "Qenya" hasnórë "native land, nation, family, country" (in compounds -nor) (LT1:272)

rainë

peace

rainë noun "peace" (VT44:34-35)

rissë

cut

rissë noun? The word is not clearly glossed but apparently means "cut" or "cleft" (ravine), the cognate of the final element of Imladris, Sindarin name of Rivendell. (PE17:87)

sérë

rest, repose, peace

sérë noun "rest, repose, peace" (SED, VT44:35); see under úyë concerning the sentence úyë sérë indo-ninya símen in Fíriel's Song

quildë

quiet, rest, hush

quildë, quillë noun "quiet, rest, hush" (GL:23, QL:78)

lat-

verb. lie, be situated

hyatsë

cleft, gash

hyatsë noun "cleft, gash" (SYAD), apparently changed by Tolkien from hyassë (VT46:16)

yáwë

ravine, cleft, gulf

yáwë noun "ravine, cleft, gulf" (YAG; according to VT46:22, the last gloss should perhaps be read as "gully" instead)

har-

verb. dwell, abide, reside permanently

nór

land

nór noun "land" (stem nor-, PE17:106) this is land as opposed to water and sea (nor in Letters:308). Cf. nórë.

nór

noun. land

A term for “land” as in “(dry) land as opposed to the sea”, mentioned in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/413) and again in notes from around 1968 (PE17/106-107).

Possible Etymology: In the Quendi and Eldar essay this term was derived from primitive ✶ndōro, but in the aforementioned 1968 notes Tolkien clarified that its stem form was nŏr-. This means it was probably derived from ancient ✱ndŏr-, where the long vowel in the uninflected form was inherited from the Common Eldarin subjective form ✱ndōr, a phenomenon also seen in words like nér (ner-) “man”. I prefer this second derivation, as it makes the independent word more distinct from the suffixal form -ndor or -nóre used in the names of countries.

Derivations

• ✶ndorē “land” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
  • √NDOR “land; hard, firm; [ᴹ√] dwell, stay, rest, abide” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
  • √DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding”
  • √DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413
• ✶ndōro “land” ✧ WJ/413
  • √DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413

Element in

• Q. nortil “cape (of land)”
• ᴺQ. salquenor “grassland, meadow”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ndōr > nōr	[ndōr] > [nōr]	✧ PE17/106
✶NDŌR/NDŎR- > nôr	[ndōr] > [nōr]	✧ PE17/107
✶ndōro > nór	[ndōro] > [ndōr] > [nōr]	✧ WJ/413

Variations

• nōr ✧ PE17/106
• nôr ✧ PE17/107

quilda

quiet, hushed, still

quilda adj. "quiet, hushed, still" (QL:78)

sanca

cleft, split

sanca (þ) ("k") noun? (or adj, or both?) "cleft, split" (STAK)

ser-

verb. rest,repose;stay, tarry, be at the moment

-ndor

land

-ndor, final element in compounds: "land" (Letters:308, UT:253)

sívë

peace

sívë (2) noun "peace" (VT44:35)

sívë

noun. peace

Derivations

• √SIB “rest, quiet” ✧ VT44/35

Element in

• Q. ar mi cemen rainë i hínin “and on earth peace, good will toward men” ✧ VT44/35

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SIB > síve	[sībe] > [sīβe] > [sīve]	✧ VT44/35

Variations

• síve ✧ VT44/35

falqua

cleft, mountain pass, ravine

falqua ("q") noun "cleft, mountain pass, ravine" (LT2:341)

Estë

Rest

Estë is a Quenya name meaning "rest". The same Root, EZDE, also yielded her Sindarin name, Îdh (pron. ) and the Nandorin Eord.

ruë

noun. stillness, *steadiness, tranquility, rest, remaining, steadfastness

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. RUH “*still”

quilde

noun. quiet, rest, hush

@@@ of the two EQ. forms, this one is most consistent with the Q. syncope

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. KWILID “quiet”

quilda-

verb. to stay quiet, be quiet, rest

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. KWILID “quiet”

Rest

noun. cut

rest

noun. *cut, [N.] cut

Derivations

• ✶rista “*cut” ✧ WJ/365
  • √RIS “cut, cleave, cut, cleave; [ᴹ√] slash, rip”

Element in

• S. Eglarest “*Forsaken Cut” ✧ WJ/365

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶rista > rest	[rista] > [resta] > [rest]	✧ WJ/365

send

noun. ?rest

Cognates

• ᴹQ. senda “resting, at peace”

Derivations

• √SED “rest”

Element in

• S. sennas “guesthouse” ✧ RC/523
• S. sennui “?rather, instead”

Variations

• Senn ✧ RC/523 (Senn)

Ēd

noun. Rest

Dor. Rest

send

noun. (?) rest

senn

noun. (?) rest

rista-

verb. to cut

rista-

verb. to rend, rip

riss

adjective. cleft

_ adj. _cleft, cloven, separate. Q. rista, risse, rinse. >> Imladris

riss

noun. ravine

îdh

noun. rest, repose

criss

noun. cleft, cleft, [N.] cut, slash, [G.] gash; [N.] pass, [G.] gully, ravine

A word for a “cleft, cut, slash” (PE21/81; Ety/KIRIS) derived from √KIRIS, a blend of the roots √KIR and √RIS (PE17/87).

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to G. criss “cleft, gash, gully” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it was probably already a derivative of the early root ᴱ√KIRISI as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (GL/27; LT2A/Cris Ilbranteloth). In the Name-list to The Fall of Gondolin Tolkien gave cris with the definition “a cleft, ravine, or narrow way of waters with high walls” (PE15/21), and in this period it typically appeared in this shorter form within names like G. Cris Ilbranteloth or G. Cris Thorn.

N. criss appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “cleft, cut, slash” under the root ᴹ√KIRIS “cut” (Ety/KIRIS). It also appeared under the root ᴹ√KIR with the gloss “cleft, pass”, but this instance was deleted (EtyAC/KIR). S. criss “cleft” was mentioned in passing in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure (EVS2) from the early 1950s as derived from primitive ✶kirissi (PE21/80-81), and it was mentioned as a blending of roots in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s as described above (PE17/87). Its use in names diminished over time, however, the only remnant in the final version of The Silmarillion being S. Crissaegrim (S/121).

Neo-Sindarin: In The Etymologies of the 1930s it seems this word was principally used as for a “cleft, cut, slash” independent of geography. I would assume the same is true for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, since criss is used only in a single geographic name in Tolkien’s later writings; S. cirith was use more broadly in geographic features. I would also assume it was a larger and more violent cut (a “gash” or “slash”) compared to S. rest for simple cuts.

Derivations

• √KIRIS “cleave, cleave, [ᴹ√] cut, [ᴱ√] split”
• ✶kirissi “cleft” ✧ PE21/80
  • √KIRIS “cleave, cleave, [ᴹ√] cut, [ᴱ√] split”

Element in

• S. Crissaegrim “*Cleft Mountain Peaks”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶kirissi > criss	[kiríssi] > [kirísse] > [krisse] > [kriss]	✧ PE21/80

cirith

noun. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock, ravine, defile

daur

noun. pause, stop

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

daur

noun. league (about 3 miles)

dôr

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

dôr

noun. land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land

Cognates

• Q. -ndor “land, country” ✧ SA/dôr

Derivations

• ✶ndorē “land” ✧ PE17/164; SA/dôr; WJ/413
  • √NDOR “land; hard, firm; [ᴹ√] dwell, stay, rest, abide” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
  • √DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding”
  • √DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413

Element in

• S. Arnor “Royal Land”
• S. Balannor “Land of the Valar”
• S. bardor “home land, native land” ✧ PE17/164
• S. Berennyr “Brown Lands”
• S. Dor Caranthir “Land of Caranthir”
• S. Dor-Cúarthol “Land of Bow and Helm”
• S. Dor Daedeloth “Land of Great Dread; Land of Shadow of Horror”
• S. Dor Dínen “Silent Land” ✧ S/121
• S. Dor-en-Ernil “Land of the Prince” ✧ UT/245
• S. Dor Firn-i-Guinar “Land of the Dead that Live” ✧ S/188
• S. dorgannas “shapes of the lands, *geography” ✧ WJ/192
• ᴺS. dorgant “landscape, scene, *(lit.) land-shape”
• S. Dor Gyrth i Chuinar “Land of the Dead that Live” ✧ Let/417
• S. Dor Haeron
• S. Doriath “Land of the Fence” ✧ SA/dôr; SI/Doriath; UTI/Doriath; WJ/370
• S. Dor-i-Ndainn “*Land of the Nandor”
• S. Dor i Thuin
• north S. Dor-lómin “*Echoing-land”
• S. Dorloven “*Echoing Land” ✧ PE17/133
• S. Dor-na-Daerachas “Land of Great Dread”
• S. Dor-nu-Fauglith “Land under Choking Ash”
• S. Dor-Rodyn “*Land of the Valar” ✧ MR/200
• S. Dorthonion “Land of Pines” ✧ RC/384; SA/dôr
• S. Dorwinion “Young-land country, land of Gwinion”
• S. Eglador “Land of the Eglir (Forsaken)”
• S. Elennor “*Elf-land”
• S. Eriador “Lonely Land” ✧ SA/dôr
• S. Gondor “Stone-land” ✧ SA/dôr
• S. Mildor “Wine-land”
• S. Mordor “Black Land” ✧ Let/427; SA/dôr
• S. Pelennor “Fenced Land”
• S. Thonador

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ndor > -dor	[-ndorē] > [-ndore] > [-ndor] > [-dor]	✧ PE17/164
✶ndor > dôr	[ndorē] > [ndore] > [dore] > [dor] > [dōr]	✧ SA/dôr
✶ndorē > dôr	[ndorē] > [ndore] > [dore] > [dor] > [dōr]	✧ WJ/413
✶ndorē > -ndor > -nor/-nnor	[-ndorē] > [-ndore] > [-ndor] > [-nnor]	✧ WJ/413

Variations

• Dor ✧ Let/417; MR/200; PE17/133; S/121; S/188; SI/Doriath; UT/245; UTI/Doriath; WJ/192
• dor ✧ Let/427; RC/384
• -dor ✧ PE17/164
• Dôr ✧ WJ/370

thanc

adjective. cleft, split, forked

îdh

noun. peace

peace, tranquillity

îdh

noun. rest, repose, peace, tranquility

Derivations

• ✶ezdē “rest” ✧ PE19/091; WJ/403
  • √SED “rest” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092; WJ/403

Element in

• S. Îdh “Estë, (lit.) Rest, Repose, Peace”
• ᴺS. othidh “armistice”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ezdē > îdh	[ezdē] > [ezde] > [ēde] > [ēðe] > [īðe] > [īð]	✧ PE19/091
✶ezdē > îdh	[ezdē] > [ezde] > [ēde] > [ēðe] > [īðe] > [īð]	✧ WJ/403

falch

noun. deep cleft, ravine

Rest

cut

(noun) 1) rest (ravine, cleft), pl. rist (idh rist), 2) criss (i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cleft, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss)

rest

cleft

(ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)

rest

ravine

(cleft, cut), pl. rist (idh rist)

rest

cut

(ravine, cleft), pl. rist (idh rist)

îdh

rest

_(noun) _1) îdh (repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt),

îdh

rest

(repose), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl. 2) post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

ress

ravine

(construct res), pl. riss (idh riss)

rist

cleft

(noun) 1) rist (-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”, 2) cirith (i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith), 3) cîl (i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”. 4) criss (i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”, 5) rest (ravine, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 6) (deep cleft) falch (ravine[?]), pl. felch

rist

cleft

(-ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh rist). Note: a homophone means ”cleaver, cutter”

sedh-

verb. to rest

Derivations

• √SED “rest”

îdh

repose

îdh (rest), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl.

îdh

repose

(rest), no distinct pl. form even if there could be a pl.

post

pause

(i bost, o phost) (halt, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

post

cessation

post (i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, rest, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

post

cessation

(i bost, o phost) (pause, halt, rest, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

riss

ravine

(construct ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh riss)****

ristannen

adjective. cut

Elements

Word	Gloss
rista-	“to cut; to rend, rip”

cirith

cleft

(i girith, o chirith) (cutting, pass), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chirith)

criss

cleft

(i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cut, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss), 4) iaw (gulf, ravine), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”

criss

cut

(i griss, o chriss, construct cris) (cleft, slash), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chriss)

cîl

cleft

(i gîl, o chîl) (pass between hills, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. A homophone means ”renewal”.

falch

cleft

(ravine[?]), pl. felch

parth

enclosed grassland

(i barth, o pharth) (field, sward), pl. perth (i pherth);

thanc

cleft

(adj.) thanc (forked, split), pl. thainc

thanc

cleft

(forked, split), pl. thainc

dortha

dwell

dortha- (i northa, i ndorthar) (stay)

dortha

dwell

(i northa, i ndorthar) (stay)

falch

ravine

(deep cleft), pl. felch

iaw

ravine

1) iaw (cleft, gulf), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”. 2) ress (construct res), pl. riss (idh riss), 3) rest (cleft, cut), pl. rist (idh rist), 4) riss (construct ris), no distinct pl. except with article (idh riss)

iaw

ravine

(cleft, gulf), pl. ioe. Note: a homophone means ”corn”.

posta-

verb. to stop, cease, leave off, rest

@@@ Fiona Jallings suggested it might also mean “rest”, but for this I think sedh- is better

Derivations

• ᴹ√PUT “stop, halt, pause”

Element in

• ᴺS. postad “stopping, cessation, leaving off”

daur

pause

(noun) 1) daur (i dhaur) (stop; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath. 2) (noun) post (i bost, o phost) (halt, rest, cessation, respite), pl. pyst (i physt)

daur

pause

(i dhaur) (stop; also used = ”league”, a distance of about 3 miles / 4.8 kilometers), pl. doer (i noer), coll. pl. dorath.

bâr

land

(dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

dôr

land

1) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413), 2) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

dôr

land

(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413)

nand

wide grassland

(construct nan) (valley), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36);

sîdh

peace

sîdh (i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form. 1) aeg (point, thorn). No distinct pl. form. (but aeglir can be used for a range of mountain peaks). Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) mîn (i vîn), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîn), coll. pl. míniath. Note: homophones include the numeral ”one” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 3) egnas (sharp point; literally "thorn-point"), pl. egnais, coll. pl. egnassath.

sîdh

peace

(i hîdh), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîdh) if there is any pl. form.

Erde

noun. Rest

Rest

éde

feminine name. Repose

Changes

• Erde → Este ✧ PE19/092

Cognates

• Q. Estë “Rest, Repose, Peace” ✧ PE19/092; WJI/Estë

Derivations

• ✶ezdē “rest” ✧ PE19/092; WJ/403
  • √SED “rest” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092; WJ/403

Variations

• Este ✧ PE19/092 (Este)
• Erde ✧ PE19/092 (Erde)
• Ēde ✧ WJ/403; WJ/404
• Ēdë ✧ WJI/Estë

dóri-

noun. land

Isolated from Lindórinan. The independent form of the word may differ; it is unclear where the i of the compound Lindórinan comes from. In the Etymologies, the Eldarin words for "land" are derived from a stem NDOR "dwell, stay, rest, abide" (LR:376).

No Nandorin word is there listed, but Sindarin dor is derived from primitive ndorê. Notice, however, that Tolkien many years later derived the Eldarin words for "land" from a stem DORO "dried up, hard, unyielding" (WJ:413). However, this later source does confirm that the Primitive Quendian form was ndorê, now thought to be formed by initial enrichment d > nd. This is defined as "the hard, dry land as opposed to water or bog", later developing the meaning "land in general as opposed to sea", and finally also "a land" as a particular region, "with more or less defined bounds".

Whether dóri- actually comes from ndorê is highly doubtful (this would rather yield *dora in Nandorin), but it must be derived from the same set of stems.

thâni

noun. land

A noun translated “land” (SD/435) appearing in the Adûnaic names for the Blessed Realm: Amatthâni and thâni’nAmân. Its Primitive Adûnaic form was also ✶thāni, though its primitive was glossed “realm" (SD/420).

Derivations

• ✶Ad. thāni “realm”

Element in

• Ad. Amatthâni “Blessed Realm, (lit.) Land of Manwë” ✧ SD/435
• Ad. thâni’nAmân “Land of Aman” ✧ SD/435

Variations

• thāni ✧ SD/435

zâyan

noun. land

An Adûnaic word for “land” (SD/423). It has an irregular plural form zâin which is the result of the phonetic change (SD/423): [[pad|medial [w] and [j] vanished before [u] and [i]]]. Thus, the archaic plural changed from †zâyîn > zâîn > zâin.

Conceptual Development: In earlier names this word appeared as zen (SD/378, 385).

Element in

• Ad. azra-zâin “sea-lands, maritime regions” ✧ SD/429; SD/435
• Ad. Yôzâyan “Land of Gift”
• Ad. Abarzâyan “Land of Gift”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
Ad. zāyīn > *zāīn > zâin	[zājīn] > [zāīn] > [zāin]	✧ SD/423

Variations

• zāyan ✧ SD/423

ezdē

noun. rest

Derivations

• √SED “rest” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092; WJ/403

Derivatives

• Q. Estë “Rest, Repose, Peace” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092; WJ/403
• S. Îdh “Estë, (lit.) Rest, Repose, Peace” ✧ PE19/092
• S. îdh “rest, repose, peace, tranquility” ✧ PE19/091; WJ/403
• T. Éde “Repose” ✧ PE19/092; WJ/403

Variations

• Ezdē ✧ PE19/092 (Ezdē)
• Ezdē-l ✧ PE21/83

sed

root. rest

This root first appeared as ᴹ√SED “rest” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. sére “rest, repose, peace” and N. sîdh “peace”, along with the name of the Valië ᴹQ. Este < ᴹ✶ezdē (Ety/SED). The root √SED “rest” along with the etymology of Este reappeared in both the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1930s (PE19/45) and the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s (PE19/92), and again in revisions to the OP2 page annotated in green ink and thus probably from 1970 (PE19/91 and note #110).

The root √SED “rest” was mentioned a couple times in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s as the basis for the verb ᴹQ. ser- “rest, repose” (PE22/102, 125) and again (unglossed) in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 as the basis for Este (WJ/403). In the sense “peace” this root had some competition, however. In the first version of the Gloria in Excelsis Deo prayer from the mid-1960s, Tolkien used Q. sívë for “peace”, revised to Q. sérë in the second version and then Q. rainë (VT44/32). The word Q. sívë “peace” reappeared in unpublished etymological notes from 1969 derived from the root √SIB “rest, quiet” (VT44/35).

Neo-Eldarin: For purpose of Neo-Eldarin, I would use √SED for the act of resting and so Q. sérë “peace” = “restfulness (personal peace)”, and would use √SIB = “quiet, ✱stillness, absence of activity” and so Q. sívë “peace” = “absence of activity or violence (environmental peace)”. I would use Q. rainë as “good will” in connection to √RAY “smile”.

Derivatives

• ✶ezdē “rest” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092; WJ/403
  • Q. Estë “Rest, Repose, Peace” ✧ PE19/091; PE19/092; WJ/403
  • S. Îdh “Estë, (lit.) Rest, Repose, Peace” ✧ PE19/092
  • S. îdh “rest, repose, peace, tranquility” ✧ PE19/091; WJ/403
  • T. Éde “Repose” ✧ PE19/092; WJ/403
• ✶sedu- “to go to rest”
• ᴺQ. sérë “peace; [ᴹQ.] rest, repose”
• Q. sérë “*peace”
• ᴺQ. sesta- “to set, (lit.) to make rest (on)”
• ᴺS. sedh- “to rest”
• S. send “?rest”
• ᴺS. sesta- “to set, (lit.) to make rest (on)”

rista

noun. *cut

Derivations

• √RIS “cut, cleave, cut, cleave; [ᴹ√] slash, rip”

Derivatives

• S. rest “*cut, [N.] cut” ✧ WJ/365

Element in

• ✶hekla-rista “Eglarest” ✧ WJ/365

sib

root. rest, quiet

Changes

• SIB → raine “rest, quiet” ✧ VT44/34

Derivatives

• Q. sívë “peace” ✧ VT44/35

kirissi

noun. cleft

Derivations

• √KIRIS “cleave, cleave, [ᴹ√] cut, [ᴱ√] split”

Derivatives

• S. criss “cleft, cleft, [N.] cut, slash, [G.] gash; [N.] pass, [G.] gully, ravine” ✧ PE21/80

ndorē

noun. land

Derivations

• √NDOR “land; hard, firm; [ᴹ√] dwell, stay, rest, abide” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
  • √DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding”
• √DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413

Derivatives

• Q. -ndor “land, country” ✧ SA/dôr
• Q. nór “land” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
• Q. nórë “land, country; †people, race, tribe, land, country, [ᴹQ.] region where certain people live, [ᴱQ.] nation; [Q.] †people, race, tribe, [ᴹQ.] folk, [ᴱQ.] family” ✧ PE19/076
• S. dôr “land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land” ✧ PE17/164; SA/dôr; WJ/413

Element in

• ✶etlā-ndŏrē “Eglador” ✧ VT42/04; VT42/04
• ✶mbar-ndor “home land, native land” ✧ PE17/164
• Q. Endórë “Middle-earth, (lit.) Middle Land” ✧ Let/384
• Q. Valandor “Land of the Valar” ✧ WJ/413
• S. Ennor “Middle-earth” ✧ Let/384
• S. Eriador “Lonely Land” ✧ VT42/04
• S. Thonador ✧ VT42/04

Variations

• (n)dor ✧ Let/384
• ndōr ✧ PE17/106
• NDŌR/NDŎR- ✧ PE17/107
• ndor ✧ PE17/164; SA/dôr
• ndōrē ✧ PE19/076; VT42/04

kay

root. lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell

Tolkien used this root for “lie (down)” for most of his life. It appeared as ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/46), but in that document there was another root ᴱ√KAMA “lie down”, with the derivative ᴱQ. kama- “to lie down” (QL/44). There is no sign of ᴱ√KAMA¹ being used this way after the 1910s, and in the 1920s Early Qenya Grammar, the verb for “lie down” was kaita- (PE14/58), which in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the transitive sense “to place” (QL/44).

The root ᴹ√KAY “lie down” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KAY), and it appeared again in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s as the basis for the verb ᴹQ. kaita- “to lie (down)” (PE22/126). The root and associated Quenya verb continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings all the way up through the late 1960s, always with the sense “lie” (PE17/72; PE22/156).

Derivatives

• Ad. khay- “to lie (down)”
• ✶kainu- “to lie down” ✧ PE22/136
  • ᴺQ. cainu- “to lie down, *bend down; [with locative] to endure, suffer (from)”
• ✶kaita- “to lie, be on the ground” ✧ PE22/136
  • Q. caita- “to lie (down)”
• Aq. caia- “[unglossed]”
• Q. cairë “[unglossed]” ✧ PE17/101
• Q. caita- “to lie (down)” ✧ PE17/072; PE22/156
• Q. caita- “to lay (transitive), to lay (transitive); [ᴱQ.] to place, lie down”
• Q. cëa “*hedge” ✧ PE17/101
• ᴺS. caeda- “to lie; to lay (down)”
• S. caer “*flat isle on a river, [N.] flat isle on a river” ✧ PE17/101
• S. cai “hedge” ✧ PE17/101

Element in

• ᴺS. osgaef “surroundings, environs, milieu”

Variations

• KAYA ✧ PE17/101
• KAJ ✧ PE22/136

ndor

root. land; hard, firm; [ᴹ√] dwell, stay, rest, abide

This root was the basis for “land” words for much of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared in a deleted note from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s: “Nōre, -nor land is different from family, one = Gnome Dor, other Gor. NᵈOR and NGOR”; the editors indicate that the superscript “ᵈ” was a later addition (QL/67). The Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa also mention nᵈor and ŋor as the basis for ᴱQ. nóre (PE12/66, 67). However in the Qenya Lexicon proper, ᴱQ. nóre “native land, nation, family, country” was given under the root ᴱ√NŌ “become, be born” with variant ᴱ√NDO; the root was originally given as ŊŌ (QL/66). Thus it seems the two roots NDO(R) and ŊO(R) were combined. In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, G. dôr “land, country (inhabited), people of the land” appeared, probably from NDO(R) (GL/30), whereas “family, kinship” was nothri instead, almost certainly from ᴱ√NŌ given its relationship to G. nost “birth” (GL/61).

The two roots were separated again in The Etymologies of the 1930s where the root ᴹ√NDOR “dwell, stay, rest, abide” was the proper basis for “land” words, but in Quenya was blended with nóre “clan, race” from the root ᴹ√NŌ “beget” (Ety/NDOR, NŌ). This derivation allowed Tolkien to retain his preferred suffixes Q. -nóre/-nor vs. N./S. -dor for “-land”, and he mentioned this parallel derivation several times in later writings (PE17/26, 106-107; WJ/413 note #25). The only later change was in the gradual refinement of the meaning of NDOR as more properly referring to (dry) land as opposed to water, seas and swamps (PE17/106, 181), properly a strengthened form of √DOR “hard, tough” (PE17/181; WJ/413).

Derivations

• √DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding”

Derivatives

• ✶ndorē “land” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
  • Q. -ndor “land, country” ✧ SA/dôr
  • Q. nór “land” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
  • Q. nórë “land, country; †people, race, tribe, land, country, [ᴹQ.] region where certain people live, [ᴱQ.] nation; [Q.] †people, race, tribe, [ᴹQ.] folk, [ᴱQ.] family” ✧ PE19/076
  • S. dôr “land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land” ✧ PE17/164; SA/dôr; WJ/413
• Q. nórë “land, country; †people, race, tribe, land, country, [ᴹQ.] region where certain people live, [ᴱQ.] nation; [Q.] †people, race, tribe, [ᴹQ.] folk, [ᴱQ.] family” ✧ PE17/072; PE17/181
• Q. norna “tough, stiff; hard, firm, resistant; thrawn, obdurate” ✧ PE17/106

Element in

• Q. Endórë “Middle-earth, (lit.) Middle Land” ✧ PE17/026
• Q. Valandor “Land of the Valar” ✧ PE17/026
• S. Ennor “Middle-earth” ✧ PE17/026

Variations

• NDŎR/NDŌR ✧ PE17/167
• ndŏr ✧ PE17/181

ndōro

noun. land

Derivations

• √DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413

Derivatives

• Q. nór “land” ✧ WJ/413

kait-a

verb. lie, be on the ground

kwilid

root. quiet

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. quilda “quiet, hushed, still”
• ᴺQ. quilda- “to stay quiet, be quiet, rest”
• ᴺQ. quilde “quiet, rest, hush”
• ᴺS. pell “still, quiet, hushed”
• ᴺS. pillor “bat (animal)”

Ídh

noun. Rest

Rest

îdh

feminine name. Rest

Changes

• Ēdh → Īdh ✧ Ety/EZDĒ

Cognates

• ᴹQ. Este “rest” ✧ Ety/EZDĒ

Derivations

• On. Īde “rest” ✧ Ety/EZDĒ; EtyAC/EZDĒ
  • ᴹ✶ezdē “rest” ✧ Ety/EZDĒ; Ety/SED
  • ᴹ√SED “rest” ✧ PE19/045
• ᴹ✶ezdē “rest” ✧ PE19/045
  • ᴹ√SED “rest” ✧ PE19/045

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. Īde > Īdh	[īde] > [īðe] > [īð]	✧ Ety/EZDĒ
On. Ēde > Ēdh	[ēde] > [ēðe] > [ēð]	✧ EtyAC/EZDĒ
ᴹ✶Ezdē > ezd > ēd > Īð	[ezdē] > [ezde] > [eide] > [īde] > [īðe] > [īð]	✧ PE19/045

Variations

• Īdh ✧ Ety/EZDĒ
• Idh ✧ EtyAC/EZDĒ
• Ēdh ✧ EtyAC/EZDĒ (Ēdh)
• Īð ✧ PE19/045

rhest

noun. cut

rhest

noun. cut

Cognates

• ᴹQ. rista “cut” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Derivations

• ᴹ√RIS “slash, rip” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√RIS > rhest	[rista] > [resta] > [rest] > [r̥est]	✧ Ety/RIS²

rhess

noun. ravine

rhess

noun. ravine

rhista-

verb. to cut

rhista-

verb. to rend, rip

post

noun. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite

post

noun. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite

Cognates

• ᴹQ. pusta “stop, in punctuation full stop, stop, *halt, pause; full stop (in punctuation),” ✧ Ety/PUS

Derivations

• ᴹ√PUT “stop, halt, pause” ✧ Ety/PUS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√PUS > post	[pusta] > [posta] > [post]	✧ Ety/PUS

rhis

noun. ravine

rhis

noun. ravine

Derivations

• ᴹ✶risse- “a ravine” ✧ Ety/RIS²
  • ᴹ√RIS “slash, rip” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Element in

• N. Imladris(t) “Rivendell” ✧ Ety/RIS²

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶risse- > rhis	[risse] > [riss] > [r̥iss]	✧ Ety/RIS²
ᴹ✶risse- > rhess	[rissa] > [ressa] > [ress] > [r̥ess]	✧ Ety/RIS²

Variations

• rhess ✧ Ety/RIS²

criss

noun. cleft, cut, slash

dortha-

verb. to dwell, stay

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

iau

noun. ravine, cleft, gulf

sîdh

noun. peace

sîdh

noun. peace

Cognates

• ᴹQ. sére “rest, repose, peace” ✧ Ety/SED

Derivations

• ᴹ√SED “rest” ✧ Ety/SED

Element in

• ᴺS. sídheb “peaceful, full of peace”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√SED > sîdh	[sēde] > [sīde] > [sīðe] > [sīð]	✧ Ety/SED

thanc

adjective. cleft, split, forked

osgar-

verb. to cut round, to amputate

cîl

noun. cleft, pass between hills, gorge

Eord

noun. Rest