pá

on

pá, pa (1) prep. "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface (in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall); also used = "touching, as regards, concerning" (VT44:26). Another variant gives pá (and apa) with the meaning "on (above but touching)". (2) Variants of apa "after" (VT44:36), which preposition is in one source also ascribed the first meaning here discussed. For Neo-Quenya purposes, pá and pa may be used for "on" or "concerning", whereas apa is used for "after" (see entries for apa #1 and #2), or pa may also be seen as a shorter form of apa "after", as in the phrase yéni pa yéni *"years upon years" (VT44:36)

pá

preposition. touching, against, on (above but touching); as regards, concerning, touching, against, on (above but touching); as regards, concerning, [ᴹQ.] about

Derivations

• √PĀ/APA “touch; after, behind of place” ✧ VT44/26

Element in

• ᴺQ. pan “*since, because”
• Q. pan “since” ✧ VT49/18 (pan*)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√apa > apa	[apa]	✧ VT44/26

Variations

• apa ✧ VT44/26; VT44/26; VT49/18
• pā̆ ✧ VT44/26
• apo ✧ VT44/33
• pa ✧ VT44/33
• pā ✧ VT49/18

ala

after, beyond

ala (5) prep. "after, beyond" (MC:221, 214; however, LotR-style Quenya has han and pella "beyond" and apa "after")

apa

after

apa (1) prep. "after" (VT44:36), attested as a prefix in apacenyë and Apanónar, q.v. Variant ep- in epessë, q.v.; see epë for futher discussion. (According to VT44:36, apa was glossed "after" and also "before" in one late manuscript, but both meanings were rejected.) See also apa # 2 below. For Neo-Quenya purposes, apa should probably be ascribed the meaning "after", as in our most widely-published sources (compare Apanónar, "the After-born", as a name of Men in the Silmarillion). Variants pa, pá (VT44:36), but like apa these are also ascribed other meanings elsewhere; see separate entry. Apo (VT44:36) may be yet another variant of the word for "after".

apa

on

apa (2) prep. denoting "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface (in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall). Apa is said to have this meaning in various Tolkien manuscripts (VT44:26), but apa is also used for "after" (see apa #1 above), and the two were probably never meant to coexist in a single variant of Quenya. The clash may be avoided by consistently using the variants pá, pa (q.v.) mentioned by Tolkien in the sense of apa #2. Another variant gives apa, pá "on (above but touching)" (VT49:18).

cata

after

apo

after

apo prep. ?"after" (see apa #1) (VT44:36)

epe

after

ab

preposition. after

Cognates

• Q. apa “after (of time)”

Derivations

• √PĀ/APA “touch; after, behind of place”

Element in

• ᴺS. abgen- “to foresee, expect”
• S. Abonnen “After-born” ✧ WJ/387
• ᴺS. abor “tomorrow, (lit.) after-day”
• S. aphad- “to follow”
• ᴺS. avnedhor “afternoon”

Variations

• Ab ✧ WJ/387 (Ab)

ab-

prefix. after, later

bo

preposition. on

erin

preposition. on the

or

on

(prep.) 1) or (above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin. 2)

or

on

(above), with article erin ”on the” (followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions). Erin represents archaic örin.

ab

after

#ab (only attested as a prefix, as in:)

ab

after

(only attested as a prefix, as in:)

po

on

po (lenited bo) (VT44:23)

po

on

(lenited bo) (VT44:23)

abonnen

afterborn

pl. Ebennin (archaic "Eboennin" = Ebönnin, WJ:387), Elvish name of Men as the "Secondborn" of Eru. – If ab can be used as an independent preposition, it is probably followed by soft mutation.****

-nud Reconstructed

preposition. on

A preposition attested only in the phrase “on us” in the Lament of Akallabêth, changing through the drafts as nēnum >> nēnu >> nēnud (SD/247, 312). Most authors identify -nud as the prepositional element (AAD/20, LGtAG, NBA/14), perhaps related to Q. nu “under”. If so, it may be a derivative of the Elvish roots √NŪ/UNU “under” or √NDU “down”, with a semantic shift to the meaning “on”.

Cognates

• Q. nu “under, beneath”

Derivations

• √NDU “down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, [ᴹ√] set (of Sun)”

Element in

• Ad. agannâlô burôda nênud “[the] death-shadow [is] heavy on us” ✧ SD/247; SD/312
• Ad. agannūlo burudan nēnum “death-shade heavy-is on-us” ✧ SD/312
• Ad. zâira nênud “longing (is) on us” ✧ SD/247

Variations

• -num ✧ SD/312
• -nu ✧ SD/312