Quenya 

a

cardinal. one

Quenya [PE 22:94; PE 22:124f] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

erëa

cardinal. one

erëa adj.? "one" or *"single", apparently an adjectival form (see er) (VT44:17)

min

cardinal. one

min numeral "one", also minë (VT45:34, VT48:6)

min

cardinal. one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first

Cognates

  • S. min “one, one, [G.] single” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
  • T. min “one” ✧ VT48/06

Derivations

  • min “one”
    • MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out”

Element in

Quenya [PE17/095; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minë

cardinal. one

minë numeral "one", also min (MINI, VT45:34)

mir

cardinal. one

mir (2) cardinal "one" (LT1:260; in LotR-style Quenya rather minë)

onë

but

onë conj. "but" (VT43:23)

onë

conjunction. but

ono

but

ono conj. "but" (VT43:23, VT44:5/9)

ono

conjunction. but

Changes

  • anatone “*but” ✧ VT43/23

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ VT41/13
  • anat ✧ VT43/23 (anat)
  • one ✧ VT43/23
Quenya [VT41/13; VT43/23; VT44/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

e

pronoun. one, (neut[er]) it, a thing, one, (neuter) it; [ᴹQ.] he, she

Changes

  • emo “one, (neut[er]) it, a thing” ✧ PE22/154

nassë

person, an individual

nassë (1) "a person, an individual" (VT49:30). Also translated "true-being" (pl. nasser is attested), the inner "true" being of a person. With a pronominal suffix in the form nassentar "their true-being" (PE17:175, cf. -nta #2), in the source referring to the "true" spiritual nature of the Valar, as hidden within their visible shapes. The word nassentar would seem to be plural, *"their true-beings". Not to be confused with the verb nassë/násë "he/she is"; see #1.

er

one, alone

er cardinal "one, alone" (ERE, VT48:6, VT49:54), in an early source also adv. "only, but, still" (LT1:269); Eru er "one God" (VT44:17; er was here emended by Tolkien from erëa, which seems to be an adjectival form *"one, single".)

er

adverb/adjective. one, alone, one, alone; [ᴱQ.] only, a single

Changes

  • EreaEr “*one” ✧ VT44/17

Cognates

  • S. er “one, alone” ✧ PE17/095; SA/er; VT48/06
  • T. er “one” ✧ VT48/06

Derivations

  • ER “one, single, alone, one, single, alone; [ᴹ√] be alone, deprived; [ᴱ√] remain alone” ✧ SA/er

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
er > er[er]✧ SA/er

Variations

  • Er ✧ VT44/17
  • Erea ✧ VT44/17 (Erea)
Quenya [PE17/095; SA/er; VT44/17; VT48/06; VT49/45] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-wë

person

- a suffix occurring in many personal names, generally but not exclusively masculine (Elenwë is the sole certain example of a fem. name with this ending); it is derived from a stem simply meaning "person" (PM:340, WJ:399). In Etym, - is simply defined as an element that is frequent in masculine names, and it is there derived from a stem (WEG) having to do with "(manly) vigour".

-o

person, somebody

-o (2), also -ó, "a person, somebody", pronominal suffix (PM:340)

mo

one, someone, anyone

mo, indefinite pronoun "one, someone, anyone" (VT42:34, VT49:19, 20, 26)

mo

somebody, one

Quenya [PE 22:154] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

mo

pronoun. one, anyone, someone, somebody

Derivations

  • “person”

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ VT47/37; VT49/20; VTE/47
Quenya [PE22/154; VT42/34; VT47/37; VT49/19; VT49/20; VT49/26; VTE/47] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nan

but

nan conj. "but" (FS); the Etymologies also gives , nán (NDAN), but these words may be confused with forms of the verb "to be", so nan should perhaps be preferred, unless for "but" one uses the wholly distinct word mal. In Tolkien's later Quenya, it may be that he introduced new words for "but" to free up nan for another meaning (perhaps the adverb "back", compare the prefix nan-).

but, on the contrary, on the other hand

(2), also nán, conj. "but, on the contrary, on the other hand" (NDAN; the form nan, q.v., is probably to be preferred to avoid confusion with "is", *nán "I am").

but

(2) conj. "but" (VT41:13)

conjunction. but

Námo

person, somebody

námo (2) noun "a person, somebody" (PM:340 writers may prefer the synonym quén to avoid confusion with # 1)

anat

but

anat conj. "but" (VT43:23; possibly an ephemeral form)

quén

one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman

quén (quen-, as in pl. queni; as final element in compounds -quen) noun "one, (some)body, person, individual, man or woman", pl. queni = "persons", "(some) people", "they" with the most general meaning (as in "they [= people in general] say that..."). The element is combined with noun and adjective stems in old compounds to denote habitual occupations or functions, or to describe those having some notable (permanent) quality; examples include roquen, ciryaquen, arquen, q.v. Also in aiquen "whoever", ilquen "everybody" (WJ:361 cf. 360, 372).

quén

person, individual, man or woman; one, somebody

A general word for “person”, any individual independent of their gender and species, since the term was “freely applied to other Incarnates, such as Men or Dwarves, when the Eldar became acquainted with them” (WJ/372). In unstressed form quen, it was sometimes used as a pronoun “one, somebody”, and was also used as the second element in compounds such as ilquen “everyone” and roquen “horseman” (WJ/363, 372).

Most likely the Elves had a bias towards themselves as the main category of persons, since they used the term Quendi “(lit.) Speakers” to refer the Elves as species, and quén seems to have originally have been a variant of that term, derived from the same root √KWEN “speak”. This word was primarily discussed in the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60, which may be where the term was introduced, but it appears in other late notes as well (PE19/93).

Cognates

  • S. pen “one, somebody, anybody, one, somebody, anybody; [N.] Elf” ✧ WJ/361
  • T. pen “man, somebody, someone” ✧ WJ/361

Derivations

  • KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ PE19/093; WJ/392
    • KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392
  • kwēn “person, one, (some)body” ✧ WJ/360
    • KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ WJ/360; WJ/392
    • KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392

Element in

  • Q. aiquen “if anybody, whoever, if anybody, whoever, [ᴺQ.] anybody” ✧ WJ/372
  • ᴺQ. alquen “nobody, no one”
  • ᴺQ. alaquen “nobody, no one”
  • Q. arquen “noble, knight” ✧ WJ/372
  • Q. ciryaquen “shipman, sailor” ✧ WJ/372; WJ/407
  • Q. ilquen “everybody, everybody, *everyone” ✧ WJ/372
  • ᴺQ. ráquen “representative, ambassador”
  • Q. roquen “knight, horseman, rider” ✧ WJ/372; WJ/407
  • ᴺQ. tolloquen “islander”
  • ᴺQ. úquen “nobody, no one”
  • ᴺQ. vesquen “spouse (gender neutral)”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
KWEN > -kwē̆n[kwēn]✧ PE19/093
kwēn > quēn[kwēn]✧ WJ/360
KWENE > kwēn[kwēn]✧ WJ/392

Variations

  • -kwē̆n ✧ PE19/093
  • quēn ✧ WJ/361
  • quen ✧ WJ/361; WJ/372
  • -quen ✧ WJ/372
  • kwēn ✧ WJ/393
Quenya [PE19/093; WJ/361; WJ/372; WJ/393; WJ/407] Group: Eldamo. Published by

apa

but

apa (3) conj. "but": melinyes apa la hé "I love him but not him" (another) (VT49:15)

apa

conjunction. but

Element in

Variations

  • apa ✧ VT49/15

mal

but

mal conj. "but" (VT43:23)

mal

conjunction. but

Element in

  • Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/23

sa

it

sa pron. "it", 3rd person sg, corresponding to the ending -s (VT49:30). Used of inanimate things or abstracts (VT49:37; plants are considered animate; see se). For sa as object, cf. the sentence ecë nin carë sa "I can do it" (VT49:34). Stressed (VT49:51). Ósa "with it" (VT43:36). Also compare the reflexive pronoun insa "itself", q.v. In one text, sa is also defined as "that" (VT49:18); apparently Tolkien also at one point considered giving sa a plural significance, so that it meant *"they, them" of inanimate things, the counterpart of "personal" (VT49:51).

sa

pronoun. it

Quenya [PE 22:156] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

Sindarin 

min

cardinal. one, one, [G.] single

Cognates

  • Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06

Element in

  • S. Miniel “Vanyar”
  • S. minlamad “?alliteration, (lit.) first-echoing”
  • S. minui “first” ✧ VT42/25
  • S. minuial “(dawn) twilight”

Variations

  • min ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
  • mîn ✧ VT42/25
Sindarin [PE17/095; VT42/25; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

er

adjective. one, alone

Cognates

  • Q. er “one, alone, one, alone; [ᴱQ.] only, a single” ✧ PE17/095; SA/er; VT48/06

Derivations

  • ER “one, single, alone, one, single, alone; [ᴹ√] be alone, deprived; [ᴱ√] remain alone” ✧ SA/er

Element in

  • S. elloth “single flower” ✧ VT42/18
  • S. Eradan
  • S. Erchamion “One-handed” ✧ SA/er
  • S. Erchirion
  • S. ereb “single, alone, lonely, single, alone, lonely, [N.] isolated” ✧ SA/er
  • S. Erebor “Lonely Mountain” ✧ SA/er
  • S. Erien
  • ᴺS. erlu “once, one time”
  • S. Erui

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
er > er[er]✧ SA/er
Sindarin [PE17/095; SA/er; VT42/18; VT42/25; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

er-

prefix. alone, one

Sindarin [VT/42:19] Group: SINDICT. Published by

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

Sindarin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody

Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2

Sindarin [WJ/376] Group: SINDICT. Published by

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody, one, somebody, anybody; [N.] Elf

A Sindarin pronoun with the sense “one, somebody, anybody” appearing in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, also used as a suffix in words like orodben “mountaineer” and rochben “rider” (WJ/376), originally “✱mountain-person” and “✱horse-person”. It was thus more narrow in scope than its Quenya cognate quén “person”. Hints of this word can be found in other late writings, such as in the final element in Morben (PE17/141; EtyAC/MOR), originally “Dark-elf” but later expanded to include any people who are not among the Celbin “✱Light folk”, which applied to “peoples in alliance in the War against Morgoth” (WJ/377).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. penn meant “Elf” in the compound N. Morbenn “Dark-elf”, though this word was rejected (EtyAC/MOR). The word N. penn, plural i-phinn “the Elves” also appeared in notes on Ælfwine’s spelling from around 1937-8 (PE22/67). This Noldorin form was thus a cognate of ᴹQ. Qende “Elf”, though elsewhere the usual cognate was N. penedh (Ety/KWEN(ED)); see the entry on S. penedh for further discussion. However, the later Sindarin pronoun/suffix “had no special association with Elves” (WJ/376).

Cognates

  • Q. quén “person, individual, man or woman; one, somebody” ✧ WJ/361

Derivations

  • kwende “speaker, elf” ✧ PE17/141
    • KWENED “spoken, articulate, spoken, articulate; [ᴹ√] Elf” ✧ PE17/137
    • KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ PE19/093
      • KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392
    • KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ PE17/140; WJ/360
    • KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392
  • kwēn “person, one, (some)body” ✧ WJ/360
    • KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ WJ/360; WJ/392
    • KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392
  • KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ WJ/376
    • KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392

Element in

  • ᴺS. alphen “no one, nobody”
  • ᴺS. alben “no one”
  • S. arphen “noble, knight” ✧ WJ/376
  • S. Calben “*Light One” ✧ WJ/362; WJ/376
  • ᴺS. ilphen “everyone”
  • S. Morben “*Dark-folk” ✧ PE17/141; WJ/362; WJ/376
  • ᴺS. narphen “character [of a story]”
  • S. orodben “mountaineer, one living in the mountains” ✧ WJ/376
  • S. pengolodh “teaching sage, doctor (of lore), teacher of lore, teaching sage, doctor (of lore), *professor”
  • S. rochben “rider” ✧ WJ/376
  • ᴺS. úben “nobody, no one”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
kwenedē > pen-[-kwende] > [-pende] > [-pend] > [-penn] > [-pen]✧ PE17/141
kwēn > pen[kwene] > [pene] > [pen]✧ WJ/360
KWEN > pen[kwene] > [pene] > [pen]✧ WJ/376

Variations

  • pen- ✧ PE17/141
  • pen ✧ WJ/362; WJ/376
Sindarin [PE17/141; WJ/362; WJ/376] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ten

pronoun. (?) it (as object)

Sindarin [caro den VT/44:21,25-6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ereb

adjective. isolated, lonely

Sindarin [Ety/356, S/431, UT/422, VT/42:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mîn

fraction. one (first of a series)

Sindarin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ach

conjunction. but

[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.

Sindarin [VT50:15] Group: Subject of debate. Published by

ach

conjunction. but

[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.

Sindarin [VT50:15] Group: Subject of debate. Published by

ach

conjunction. *but

Element in

Variations

  • ach ✧ VT50/15

ha

it

ha, han, hana. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)

ha

it

han, hana. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*

min

cardinal. one

1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)

Sindarin [Parviphith] Published by

min

one

mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.

pen

cardinal. one

(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

one

(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

êr

one

whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)

er

alone

(adjectival prefix) er- (one, lone)

er

alone

(one, lone)

erui

alone

erui (first, single). No distinct pl. form. Also eriol (pl. erioel); archaic *eriaul.

erui

alone

(first, single). No distinct pl. form. Also eriol (pl. erioel); archaic ✱eriaul.

eru

the one

isolated from

ereb

isolated

1) ereb (lonely), pl. erib, 2) mîn (lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (first, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.

ereb

isolated

(lonely), pl. erib

mîn

isolated

(lenited vîn; no distinct pl. form) (first, towering). Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the numeral ”one”.

pen

somebody

pen (one, anybody) (WJ:376); lenited ben

pen

somebody

(one, anybody) (WJ:376); lenited ben

Telerin 

er

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • Q. er “one, alone, one, alone; [ᴱQ.] only, a single” ✧ VT48/06

min

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first” ✧ VT48/06

Primitive elvish

imin

masculine name. One

Element in

Primitive elvish [NM/055; NM/060; WJ/380; WJ/421; WJI/Imin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min

cardinal. one

Derivations

  • MIN “one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out”

Derivatives

  • Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first”

Element in

Variations

  • Min ✧ NM/060
Primitive elvish [NM/060; WJ/421] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. person

Derivatives

  • Q. mo “one, anyone, someone, somebody”

Element in

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

er

root. one, single, alone, one, single, alone; [ᴹ√] be alone, deprived; [ᴱ√] remain alone

This root, the basis for the word “one”, was established early and retained its meaning throughout Tolkien’s life. It appeared all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as ᴱ√ERE “remain alone”, and was the basis for ᴱQ. er “one” and ᴱQ. eressea “lonely” (QL/36). These words retained their forms and meaning for the entirety of Tolkien’s life, most notably in Q. Tol Eressëa “Lonely Isle” whose form and meaning were likewise introduced very early and never changed.

The contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon also had a variety of words derived from this root, such as G. er “one” and G. ereth “solitude” (GL/32). This root appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹ√ERE “be alone, deprived” with both Quenya and Noldorin derivatives (Ety/ERE). The root continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings, variously glossed as “one”, “alone” or “single”.

One interesting feature of this root was the limitations of its use as a number. In some 1968 notes on river names Tolkien said:

> [S.] Erui. Though this was the first of the Rivers of Gondor it cannot be used for “first”. In Eldarin er was not used in counting in series: it meant “one, single, alone” (VT42/10).

In accompanying notes, Tolkien gave:

> 1 “single” (non-serial) ER; “one, first of a series” MIN (VT42/24).

Thus the root for “one” when counting the first of a series was √MIN, whereas √ER could only be used of things that were isolated or unique.

Derivatives

  • eryā “isolated, lonely”
    • S. air “lonely” ✧ PE17/028; VT50/18
  • “single item take out of a (long) series” ✧ PE22/158
    • Q. “day (period from sunset to sunset)” ✧ PE22/158
    • Q. rëa “single” ✧ PE22/158
    • Q. rië “only” ✧ PE22/158
  • Q. er “one, alone, one, alone; [ᴱQ.] only, a single” ✧ SA/er
  • ᴺQ. erda “solitary, deserted”
  • Q. erdë “singularity”
  • ᴺQ. erta- “to unite”
  • Q. Eru “The One, God” ✧ SA/er
  • S. er “one, alone” ✧ SA/er
  • ᴺS. ereth “solitude, oneness, loneliness”
  • S. ero “*only, alone”
  • S. ertha- “to unite”

Element in

  • erikwa “single, alone” ✧ VT42/10

Variations

  • ere ✧ PE22/158
  • er ✧ SA/er; VT42/10; VT47/16; VT47/16; VT47/17
Primitive elvish [Let/384; PE22/158; SA/er; VT42/10; VT42/24; VT47/16; VT47/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min

root. one, first of a series, one, first of a series; [ᴹ√] stand alone, stick out

This and similar roots were used for Elvish words for “one” for most of Tolkien’s life, though generally in competition with √ER. The root first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√ in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. mir “one” and ᴱQ. minqe “eleven”; the parenthetical comment (mi’i) indicated it originally had some other now-lost consonant, though Tolkien marked this comment with a “?” (QL/61). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. min “one single” (GL/57).

The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had a distinct root ᴱ√MINI from which “tower” words were derived, such as ᴱQ. mindon/G. mindon (QL/61; GL/57). In The Etymologies of the 1930s these roots were merged together into a single root ᴹ√MINI “stand alone, stick out”, whose derivatives included both ᴹQ. min/N. min “one” as well as ᴹQ. mindo and N. mindon/minnas “tower” (Ety/MIN).

In Tolkien’s later writings √MIN was mostly mentioned in the context of Elvish numbering systems, and given glosses like “one” or “first of a series” (VT42/24; VT47/16-17), but in notes written in 1967-69 Tolkien indicated it was still the basis for “tower” words, most likely from the sense “prominent” (VT42/24). In these later notes Tolkien was careful to distinguish √MIN “one” used in counting vs. √ER “one” used for individual things: √MIN was for the first of a series of things, whereas √ER was for a single thing that was unique, alone or in isolation. The distinct senses of these two roots dates back at least as far as The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/ER, MIN).

Derivatives

  • min “one”
    • Q. min “one, one, [ᴱQ.] one (in a series), the first”
  • sminu “slim”
  • Q. minassë “fort, city (with a citadel and central watch tower)” ✧ VT42/24
  • Q. mindë “turret” ✧ VT42/24
  • Q. mindon “(lofty) tower, (lofty or isolated) tower; [ᴱQ.] turret” ✧ VT42/24
  • Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent” ✧ VT42/24
  • S. min “peak”
  • ᴺS. minai “distinct, unique, single”
  • S. minas “tower, fort, city (with a citadel and central watch tower)” ✧ VT42/24

Element in

  • min(i)kewē̆ “eleven, (lit.) fresh one” ✧ VT48/07
  • ᴺQ. minquetyar- “to accentuate, (lit.) pronounce prominently”

Variations

  • min ✧ VT47/16; VT47/17; VT48/07
Primitive elvish [VT42/24; VT47/16; VT47/17; VT48/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kwēn

noun. person, one, (some)body

Derivations

  • KWEN “speak with rational words” ✧ WJ/360; WJ/392
    • KWE “vocal speech” ✧ WJ/392

Derivatives

  • Ad. bên “servant, ?person”
  • Q. quén “person, individual, man or woman; one, somebody” ✧ WJ/360
  • S. pen “one, somebody, anybody, one, somebody, anybody; [N.] Elf” ✧ WJ/360
  • T. pen “man, somebody, someone” ✧ WJ/360; WJ/375

Element in

  • rokokwēn “horseman, rider” ✧ WJ/407
  • T. aipen “if anybody, whoever” ✧ WJ/375
  • T. ilpen “everybody” ✧ WJ/375

Variations

  • kwen ✧ WJ/375
  • kwene/kwēn ✧ WJ/392
  • kwene ✧ WJ/416
Primitive elvish [WJ/360; WJ/375; WJ/392; WJ/407; WJ/416] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

min

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. min “one” ✧ Ety/MINI

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out” ✧ Ety/MINI

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MINI > min[mini] > [mine] > [min]✧ Ety/MINI
Noldorin [Ety/MINI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

er-

prefix. alone, one

Noldorin [VT/42:19] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ereb

adjective. isolated

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶erekwa “isolated” ✧ Ety/ERE

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
er“one, alone”
-eb“adjective suffix”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶ereqa > ereb[erekwa] > [erepa] > [erep] > [ereb]✧ Ety/ERE
Noldorin [Ety/ERE; Ety/TOL²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

Noldorin [Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ereb

adjective. isolated, lonely

Noldorin [Ety/356, S/431, UT/422, VT/42:10] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hana

pronoun. it

Noldorin [Ety/385, LotR/II:IV, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hana

pronoun. it

ha

pronoun. it

Noldorin [Ety/385, LotR/II:IV, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ha

pronoun. it

Derivations

  • ᴹ√S “demonstrative stem” ✧ Ety/S

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√S > ha[sa] > [ha]✧ Ety/S

Variations

  • hana ✧ Ety/S
Noldorin [Ety/S; TI/182] Group: Eldamo. Published by

er Reconstructed

adjective. one, alone

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. er “one, alone”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ER “be alone, deprived”

Element in


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Primitive adûnaic

ʔir

root. one, alone

A Primitive Adûnaic root glossed “one, alone” (SD/432), likely the basis for Êru “God” (the One) and probably related to the Primitive Elvish root √ER of the same meaning.

Derivatives

  • Ad. Êru “God (the Omnipotent)”

Variations

  • ?IR ✧ SD/432
Primitive adûnaic [SD/432] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

min

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • N. min “one” ✧ Ety/MINI

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MIN “stand alone, stick out” ✧ Ety/MINI

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MINI > mine[mine]✧ Ety/MINI
ᴹ√MINI > min[min]✧ Ety/MINI

Variations

  • mine ✧ Ety/MINI
Qenya [Ety/MINI; EtyAC/MINI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mine

cardinal. one

er

adverb/adjective. one, alone

Cognates

  • Ilk. er “one”
  • N. er “one, alone”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ER “be alone, deprived” ✧ Ety/ERE

Element in

  • ᴹQ. eresse “solitude” ✧ Ety/ERE
  • ᴹQ. Erólamaite “uniconsonantal”
  • ᴹQ. Erríve “November, *First-winter”
  • ᴹQ. Erlaire “June, *First-summer”
  • ᴹQ. Erkoire “February, *First-stirring”
  • ᴹQ. Ertuilë “April, *First-spring”
  • ᴹQ. Erqelle “September, *First-autumn”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ERE > er[er]✧ Ety/ERE

the

pronoun. it

Element in

Qenya [PE22/119; PE22/123] Group: Eldamo. Published by

a

pronoun. it, one, indefinite subject

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ga “indefinite subject” ✧ PE21/66; PE22/094

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶-ʒa > -a[ɣa] > [a]✧ PE21/66
ᴹ✶ga > a[ga] > [ɣa] > [a]✧ PE22/094

Variations

  • -a ✧ PE21/66
  • a ✧ PE22/094; PE22/107 (a); PE22/108; PE22/123 (a); PE22/124; PE22/125
Qenya [PE21/66; PE22/094; PE22/107; PE22/108; PE22/123; PE22/124; PE22/125] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

er Reconstructed

cardinal. one

The Ilkorin word for “one” attested only in the name Ermabuin or Ermab(r)in “One-handed” (Ety/MAP).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. er “one, alone”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ER “be alone, deprived”

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish

erekwa

adjective. isolated

Changes

  • eriqaereqa ✧ Ety/ERE

Derivatives

  • N. ereb “isolated” ✧ Ety/ERE

Variations

  • ereqa ✧ Ety/ERE
  • eriqa ✧ EtyAC/ERE (eriqa)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ERE; EtyAC/ERE] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

er

adjective. one

Cognates

  • Eq. er “one, only, alone, a single” ✧ GL/32
  • Eq. er “only, but, still” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ERE “remain alone” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa

Element in

  • G. ereg “alone, only” ✧ GL/32
  • G. ereth “solitude, oneness, loneliness” ✧ GL/32; LT1A/Tol Eressëa
  • G. ert “once, once only” ✧ GL/32
  • G. erw “only” ✧ GL/32
  • G. er(e)tha- “to isolate, rob, deprive” ✧ GL/32
  • G. erwed “unique” ✧ GL/32

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ERE > er[er]✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa
Gnomish [GL/32; LT1A/Tol Eressëa] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min

cardinal. one, single

Cognates

  • Eq. mir “one” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ “*one” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos

Element in

  • G. mintha “ūna, in one place, together” ✧ GL/57
Gnomish [GL/57; LT1A/Minethlos] Group: Eldamo. Published by

an

noun. person, -body, one, anyone, someone, they; creature

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s for “person”, also used pronominally as “one, anyone, someone, they” and as a suffix meaning “-body” (GL/19). It is probably derived from the same (undefined) root that is the basis for ᴱQ. anu “a male” and ᴱQ. anai “woman” (QL/31).

Cognates

  • Eq. anu “a male, man”

Element in

  • G. anos “man (fullgrown), warrior” ✧ GL/19
  • G. anoth “manhood†; man (fullgrown), warrior” ✧ GL/19
  • G. i·weg na an fofrin “man is a foolish creature” ✧ GG/09

Variations

  • an ✧ GG/09; GL/19
Gnomish [GG/09; GL/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

mind

cardinal. ?one

Variations

  • minn ✧ PE13/150
Early Noldorin [PE13/150] Group: Eldamo. Published by

minn

cardinal. ?one

Early Primitive Elvish

root. *one

Derivatives

  • Eq. mir “one” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos; QL/061
  • Eq. minqe “eleven” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos; QL/061
  • G. min “one, single” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos

Variations

  • ✧ LT1A/Minethlos
  • mi’i ✧ QL/061 (mi’i)
Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Minethlos; QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ere

root. remain alone

Changes

  • EREERE “one” ✧ QL/036

Derivatives

  • Eq. er “one, only, alone, a single” ✧ QL/036
  • Eq. er “only, but, still” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/036
  • Eq. er- “to remain” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/036
  • Eq. erda “solitary, deserted” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/036
  • G. er “one” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa

Element in

  • Eq. Eriol “One Who Dreams Alone” ✧ LT1A/Eriol
  • Eq. Tol Eressea “Lonely Isle” ✧ LT1A/Eriol
Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Eriol; LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

el

adverb/adjective. one

mir

cardinal. one

Cognates

  • G. min “one, single” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ “*one” ✧ LT1A/Minethlos; QL/061

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MĪ¹ > mir[mir]✧ QL/061
Early Quenya [LT1A/Minethlos; PME/061; QL/061] Group: Eldamo. Published by

er

adverb/adjective. one, only, alone, a single

Changes

  • erer “one” ✧ QL/036

Cognates

  • G. er “one” ✧ GL/32

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ERE “remain alone” ✧ QL/036

Element in

  • Eq. ellume “*one time” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. eru “once” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. Elmavoite “One-handed”
  • Eq. eresse “alone, by oneself, singly, only; once” ✧ PE14/047; PE14/079
  • Eq. eressea “lonely” ✧ PE14/047
  • Eq. erya “only, single” ✧ PE14/082

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ERE > er[er]✧ QL/036

Variations

  • el- ✧ GL/32
  • er- ✧ GL/32
  • er ✧ PE14/047; PE14/049; PE14/079; PE14/082; QL/036 (er)
  • ere ✧ QL/036 (ere)
Early Quenya [GL/32; PE14/047; PE14/049; PE14/079; PE14/082; QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

a

pronoun. it

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/046] Group: Eldamo. Published by