rea

adjective. single

rëa

adjective. single

rëa-

make network; make lace

rëa- vb. "make network; make lace" (VT42:12)

rëa-

verb. to make network or lace

ea

existing, being

tengwië

noun. reading; language (*signing)

This word appeared in the form tengwiesto “of your reading” in the sentence nai laurë lantuva parmastanna lúmissen tengwiesto “may (a) golden light fall on your book at the times of your reading” (VT49/47). On the same page, Tolkien gives its etymology as the gerund (verbal noun) of the verb tengwa- “to read written matter” (VT49/48). Other attested words for “reading” include cenda or hentië (both based on sight).

Elsewhere this word appears as an element in the word mátengwië “sign language, (lit.) language of the hands”, along with má “hand” (VT47/23). In this word, tengwië could be have the same meaning as above (“sign language” = “✱hand reading”). Alternately, it could be an abstract noun derived from tengwë “sign, token” combined with the abstract-noun suffix -ië, in which case a more literal meaning might be “✱signing” as in “✱the production of signs”. This hypothetical derivation fits nicely with its use in the Quenya word for sign language. More ordinary words for “language” include lambë “a (spoken) language” (LotR/1123, WJ/394) and tengwestië “language (as a concept)” (WJ/394).

turmen follondiéva

place name. Realm of the North-harbourage

An old (Númenórean?) name for the region of Arnor (PE17/28). It is a compound of turmen “realm” and the possessive form of its shorter name Follondië.

turmen hyallondiéva

place name. Realm of the South-harbourage

An old (Númenórean?) name for the region of Gondor (PE17/28). It is a compound of turmen “realm” and the possessive form of its shorter name Hyallondië.

anwa

real, actual, true

anwa adj. "real, actual, true" (ANA2)

arda

realm

arda noun "realm" (GAR under 3AR). It is said that arda, when used as a common noun, "meant any more or less bounded or defined place, a region" (WJ:402), or "a particular land or region" (WJ:413). Capitalized Arda "the Realm", name of the Earth as the kingdom of Manwë (Silm), "the name given to our world or earth...within the immensity of Eä"(Letters:283, there again rendered "realm"), "our planet" (MR:39), once translated "Earth" (SD:246). In a wider sense, Arda can refer to the entire Solar System (MR:337). Also name of tengwa #26 (Appendix E). Masc. name Ardamírë "Jewel of the World" (PM:348), shorter form Ardamir (UT:210); Ardaranyë "the Kingdom of Arda" (PE17:105)

artaurë

realm

artaurë noun "realm" (PE17:28). Cf. turmen.

et-henta

read aloud

et-henta vb. "read aloud" (PE17:77). Compare henta-.

férima

ready to hand, (quickly) available

férima, also ferina, adj. "ready to hand, (quickly) available" (PE17:181)

harda

realm, region

harda noun "realm, region" _(VT45:12, 16, 17; the word also occurs, unglossed, in the entry EN in the Etymologies)_. Changed to arda later?

manwa

ready

manwa (2) adj. "ready" (QL:59)

tellë

rear

tellë noun "rear" (TELES)

turmen

realm

turmen noun "realm" (PE17:28). Turmen Follondiéva "Realm of the North-harbourage", old name for Arnor, TurmenHallondiéva "Realm of the South-harbourage", old name for Gondor (PE17:28)

férima

adjective. ready to hand, (quickly) available

hentië

noun. reading

turmen

noun. realm

naitië

adverb. indeed, truly, indeed, truly, *really

@@@ gloss “really” suggested by Tamas Ferencz

aman

place name. Blessed Realm

The continent in the Uttermost West where the Valar dwelled after the first wars with Morgoth destroyed the world as it was initially created (S/37). Its name is derived from the same root √MAN “blessed, unmarred” as the name of Manwë (PE17/162). The most common translation of this name was the “Blessed Realm” (S/62), though more precisely it describes the “unmarred” state of this land, free from the influence of Morgoth (PE17/162).

Tolkien elsewhere said that Aman was adapted from an (unknown) word from Valarin, meaning “at peace, in accord (with Eru)”, much as Manwë was an adaptation of Val. Mānawenūz (WJ/399). This is not incompatible with its derivation from the root √MAN, which itself may have been adopted into Primitive Elvish from Valarin.

Conceptual Development: According to Christopher Tolkien, the idea for this name first emerged from Ad. Amân, the Adûnaic name for Manwë (SD/376). In Tolkien’s earliest writings, the name for the Land of the Valar was simply ᴱQ. Valinor (LT1/70), but in later writings this became the Elvish name for this land, whereas Aman was its “proper” name (PE17/106).

henta-

to eye, to examine (with the eyes), scan; to read (silently)

henta- vb. "to eye, to examine (with the eyes), scan; to read (silently)" (for "read aloud", et-henta is used). Forms cited: Aorist henta, present continuative hentëa, "aorist past" hentanë, perfect ehentanië. Gerund #hentië "reading", isolated from parmahentië "book reading" (PE17:77, 156).

pontë

back, rear

pontë (ponti-) noun "back, rear" (QL:75)

racta-

stretch out, reach

racta- ("k") vb. "stretch out, reach" (LT2:335; read *rahta- if the word is to be adapted to LotR-style Quenya)

tengwa-

to read written matter

tengwa- (2) vb. "to read written matter", called a "weak verb"; aorist [teng]wa "reads", present tense [teng]wëa "is reading", past tense [teng]wane "read", perfect e[teng]wië "has read", the latter without lengthening of the stem-vowel (not **eténgwië) because there is a consonant cluster following (VT49:55). Gerund or "verbal noun" tengwië, also attested with a pronominal suffix + genitive: tengwiesto "of your (dual) reading" (VT49:47, 48, 52, 54)

ahtar-

verb. to do back, react; to requite, avenge

anya-

verb. to reach, go to, arrive at

arda

noun. region, realm, particular land or region, region, realm, particular land or region; [ᴱQ.] place, spot

cenda

noun. inspection, reading

cenwa

noun. ?reading

henta-

verb. to eye, examine, read, scan

henta parma

to read a book

nanwa

adjective. existing, actual (true), existing, actual (true), *real; [️ᴱQ.] being

parmahenta-

verb. *to read

tengwa-

verb. to read written matter

accar-

verb. to do back, react; to requite, avenge

anya-

verb. go to, reach,arrive at

cenda-

verb. to watch (intensively), observe (for some time); to read

enwa

adjective. existent, real, found in the primary world

ethenta-

verb. to read aloud

@@@ Eldamo’s automated transcription doesn’t properly handle the tengwar spelling of this word, which should actually be `V1d$4#

vinimetta

noun. end of youth, end of youth, *reaching middle age

ahtarië

verb. reaction; vengeance

@@@ NQ-Wiki used this for “reaction” and NQNT used this for “vengeance”. I’d limit it to “reaction” since the meaning of the Quenya elements are inappropriate for “revenge”

cirihtor

noun. reaper

A neologism for coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), an agental form of [ᴺQ.] cirihta- “to reap”. He also used cerihtando “reaper” (perhaps intended to be ✱cirithando), but I think cirihtor is better.

cerihtando

noun. reaper

nanwië

noun. reality

cer-

verb. reap

salcima

adjective. ready for cutting, *harvestable

tyarwë

noun. reason

cirihta-

verb. to reap, harvest

A neologism for “to reap” or “to harvest” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT) based on ᴹ✶k’rikta- “reap” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KIRIK). Petri Tikka instead suggested ᴺQ. cer- “to reap” in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s inspired by Cermië “July” assuming that word also means “✱harvest”, but that seems rather unlikely to me.

ahtar-

verb. to do back, react; to requite, avenge

anyaitië

noun. range, reach, distance of capability

cahta

noun. cause, motive, reason

@@@ kasta used in NQNT

eterahta-

verb. to reach out

ferya

adjective. quick, ready, prompt

@@@ Discord 2022-02-13

rahta-

verb. to stretch out, reach

atacarmë

noun. vengeance, reaction

tyulta-

verb. to rear up, stick up

Forolondië

north-harbourage

Forolondië (also shortened and assimilated Follondië) place-name "North-harbourage", old name for Arnor, in full Turmen Follondiéva "Realm of the North-harbourage" (PE17:28). Compare Hyaralondië.

Hyaralondië

south-harbourage

Hyaralondië (also shortened and assimilated Hyallondië) place-name "South-harbourage", old name for Gondor, in full Turmen Hyallondiéva "Realm of the South-harbourage" (PE17:28). Compare Forolondië.

casta

cause

casta (2) noun "cause" (reason) (QL:43)

cenda-

watch

cenda- vb. "watch" (not "guard", but observe to gain information), also used = "read". Cenda = also noun "reading", as in sanwecenda "thought-inspection, thought-reading". (VT41:5, PE17:156)

men-

go

#men- (4) vb. "go" (VT47:11, cf. VT42:30, VT49:23), attested in the aorist (menë) in the sentence imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië "between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon". In the verb nanwen- "return" (or go/come back), -men- is changed to -wen- following nan- "back" (etymological form cited as nan-men-, PE17:166). In examples from VT49:23, 24, Tolkien used men- in the sense of "go as far as": 1st person sg. aorist menin (menin coaryanna "I arrive at [or come/get to] his house"), endingless aorist menë, present tense ména- "is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end", past tense mennë "arrived, reached", in this tense usually with locative rather than allative (mennen sís "I arrive[d] here"), perfect eménië "has just arrived", future menuva "will arrive". All of these examples were first written with the verb as ten- rather than men-, Tolkien then emending the initial consonant.

metta

end

metta noun "end"; Ambar-metta "world-end, the end of the world" (EO); mettarë *"end-day" = New Years' Eve in the Númenórean calendar and the Steward's Reckoning, not belonging to any month (Appendix D). The word Mettanyë, heading the final part of the poem The Trees of Kortirion, would seem to be related (LT1:43)

númenyaron

of the lords [valar] of the west

númenyaron inflected adj. used as noun?, a word occurring in a phrase from an earlier version of Fíriel's Song, Valion númenyaron, "of the Lords [Valar] of the West". But númenyaron cannot simply mean "of the West"; it seems to be the plural genitive of númenya "western", hence literally *"of the western (things, persons, realms)" or "of the Westerners".

ten-

go as far as

[ten- (3) vb. "go as far as", 1st person sg. aorist tenin, (tenin coaryanna "I arrive at [or come/get to] his house"), endingless aorist tenë, present tense téna- "is on point of arrival, is just coming to an end", past tense tennë "arrived, reached", in this tense usually with locative rather than allative: tennen sís "I arrive[d] here", perfect eténië "has just arrived", future tenuva "will arrive".] (VT49:23, 35, 36; Tolkien emended the initial consonant from t to m throughout)

tir-

watch, watch over, guard, heed

tir- vb. "watch, watch over, guard, heed", 1st pers. aorist tirin "I watch", pa.t. tirnë (TIR), imperative tira (VT47:31) or á tirë (PE17:94), future tense tiruva "shall heed" in Markirya (also MC:213, 214); also in CO with pronominal endings: tiruvantes "they will guard it" (tir-uva-nte-s "guard-will-they-it"). The stem also occurs in palantíri (q.v.), Tirion place-name "Great Watchtower", a city of the Elves (SA:tir; in MR:176 the translation is "Watchful City")

tyel

end

tyel (1) noun "end", stem tyeld- as in the pl. form tyeldi (FS, KYEL; the pl. form tyeldi_ was misread as "tyelde" in the Etymologies as printed in LR; cf. VT45:25 for this correction)_. Cf. tyelma.

raita-

make network or lace

raita- 1) vb. "make network or lace" (also rëa-)(VT42:12)

raita-

smile

raita- 3) vb. "smile", pa.t. rëantë (PE17:182)

raita-

verb. to make network or lace; to catch in a net

finca

noun. [unglossed]

hen

noun. eye

The Quenya word for “eye”, derived from the root √KHEN for eye-words (PE17/187; Ety/KHEN-D-E) and with stem-form hend- given its dual hendu (WJ/337).

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared as ᴱQ. hen in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶þχe-ndǝ and appearing beside ᴱQ. sé “eye, pupil” < ᴱ✶þeχē (PE12/21). Hen (hend-) “eye” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon though it was marked “†” for archaic (QL/40), and ᴱQ. hend- also appeared in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon as the cognate of G. hen “eye” (GL/48). ᴱQ. hen appeared regularly in documents from the 1920s (PE13/147; PE14/43, 76; PE16/136), although in the Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s ᴱQ. sinda was given as the cognate of ᴱN. hen(n) “eye” (PE13/122). The form ᴱQ. sinda seems to have been a transient idea.

A lengthy declension of ᴹQ. hen “eye” appeared in documents from the early 1930s (PE21/52) and in The Etymologies of the 1930s it was based on a new the root ᴹ√KHEN-D-E “eye” (Ety/KHEN-D-E). In both these documents, inflected forms indicate a stem form of hend-. Thus this word and its stem were quite stable in Tolkien’s mind, though he did alter its root from early ᴱ√SEHE [ÞEHE] to later √KHEN.

naitë

adjective. true

raita-

verb. to smile

Yón

region, any (fairly extensive) region between obstacles such as rivers or mountains

yón (2), variant of yondë, q.v. Defined as "a region, any (fairly extensive) region _between obstacles such as rivers or mountains" (PE17:43)_

ala-

verb. grow

alta-

grow

[alta- (3) vb. "grow" (VT45:13) or "make grow" (VT45:14)]

amya-

verb. [unglossed]

arra

adjective. [unglossed]

ca

behind, at back of place

ca, cata, cana prep? "behind, at back of place" (VT43:30)

cairë

?. [unglossed]

carina

adjective. done, done, [ᴱQ.] finished

comya-

gather, assemble

comya- ("k")vb. "gather, assemble" (transitive)(PE17:158)

conta-

verb. [unglossed]

cúma

noun. [unglossed]

erinqua

single, alone

erinqua adj. "single, alone" (VT42:10)

erya

single, sole

erya adj. "single, sole" (ERE)

felca

adjective. [unglossed]

felehta-

verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine

An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.

hen

eye

hen (hend-, as in pl. hendi) noun "eye" (KHEN-D-E); possibly dual #hendu in hendumaica, q.v. Noun henfanwa "eye-screen, veil upon eyes" (PE17:176), adj. henulca "evileyed" (SD:68; cf. ulca).

hendas

?. [unglossed]

hindo

noun. [unglossed]

hindë

noun. [unglossed]

holdë

noun. [unglossed]

hosta-

gather, collect, assemble

hosta- vb. "gather, collect, assemble" (Markirya), "gather hastily together, pile up" (PE17:39), hostainiéva "will be gathered", future tense of the stative verb *hostainië*, derived from hostaina "gathered", past participle of hosta- "gather". Such stative verbs are probably not conceptually valid in Tolkien's later Quenya; see -ië**. (FS)

háro

?. [unglossed]

lelya-

go, proceed (in any direction), travel

lelya- (1) vb. "go, proceed (in any direction), travel", pa.t. lendë / elendë (WJ:363, VT14:5, PE17:139) At one point Tolkien assigned a more specific meaning to the underlying root LED: "go away from the speaker or the point in mind, depart" (PE17:52), which would make lelya- a near synonym of auta-. The same source denies that the derivatives of _LED _were used simply for "go, move, travel", but elsewhere Tolkien assigns precisely that meaning to lelya-.

lenna-

go

lenna- vb. "go", pa.t. lendë "went" (LED; cf. lelya-). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word lenna- wrongly appears as **linna-; see VT45:27.

limbë

quick, swift

limbë (1) adj. (stem limbi-, given primitive form ¤lĭmbĭ) "quick, swift" (PE17:18)

lingi-

verb. [unglossed]

maitya

?. [unglossed]

malsa

?. [unglossed]

melya-

verb. [unglossed], *to be in love

ména

region

ména noun "region" (MEN). Not to be confused with the present/continuative tense of #men- "go".

naite

adjective. true

naitë

true

naitë adj. "true" (VT49:28)

nanwa

existing, actual (true)

nanwa adj. "existing, actual (true)" (VT49:30). Compare the near-synonym anwa.

naue

?. [unglossed]

ol-

grow

ol- vb. "grow" (VT45:13; this may be a primitive root rather than a Quenya verb)

ola-

verb. grow

opto

noun. back

sal-

verb. [unglossed]

sanganë

gather

sanganë vb.? "gather" (MC:214; this is "Qenya")

sélo

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

tiris

watch, vigil

tiris (tiriss-), also tirissë, noun "watch, vigil" (LT1:258, QL:93)

tomba

noun. [unglossed]

tompë

noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat

@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20

tyar-

cause

tyar- vb. "cause" (KYAR)

tyar-

verb. cause

tyel-

end, cease

tyel- (2) vb. "end, cease" (KYEL)

um(ba)-

prefix. [unglossed]

umbacarin

noun. [unglossed]

vanya-

go, depart, disappear

vanya- (2) vb. "go, depart, disappear", pa.t. vannë (WAN). The verb auta- may have replaced this word in Tolkien's later conception.

yón

noun. region

é

indeed

é adverbial particle "indeed" that may be prefixed to a sentence (VT45:11). Short e in the sentence e man antaváro? "what will he give indeed?" (LR:63).

éna

?. [unglossed]

ére

gerund noun. existing, existence

ócom-

gather, assemble

#ócom- vb. "gather, assemble" (intransitive)(PE17:157, 158). Cited in the form ócomë "gathers, assembles", evidently an endingless aorist. Perfect ócómië given.

úpa-

verb. [unglossed]

þúna

?. [unglossed]

catta

noun. back

A neologism for “back” coined by Paul Strack in 2022 specifically for Eldamo, based on Q. ca(ta) “behind, at back of place”. This word can refer to the back of body as well as the back of other things.

raila

noun. smile

rëo

noun. smile

tel

noun. end