Sindarin
er
adjective. one, alone
er
card
er
adjective. single
erchamion
masculine name. One-handed
Sobriquet of Beren after his hand was bitten off during his quest for a Silmaril (S/183). The two initial elements of this name are er “one” and a mutated form cham of cam “hand” (SA/er, cam). The second of these is especially interesting, in that it is a rare example of liquid mutation. The meaning of the final element is unclear, but it is probably a variant of the masculine suffix -on. As further evidence of this, Tolkien also wrote Erchamon without the i, and according to Patrick Wynne this was clearly deliberate and not a slip (VT47/7, PE21/86).
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales from the 1910s, this name appeared as G. Ermabwed (LT2/34). In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name was revised first to (Ilkorin?) Ermabuin (SM/310), then again to N. Erchamui (LR/146, LR/405). In one place it appeared as Erchamron (Ety/MAP).
As a variation on all these names, the forms N. Er(h)amion or Erchamion appeared as early as the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/119, 121) and also in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/146, 405). In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name appeared as Erhamion (RS/183) and was firmly established in its final form Erchamion by the time of the Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/51, 231).
erui
adjective. single, alone
The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui
erui
adjective. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians)
The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui
ergammon
masculine name. One-Handed
er-
prefix. alone, one
i glinn hen agorer edain mi velerian, ach hí in ellath îr ed epholar
*this song Men made in Beleriand, but now the Elves alone (?remember) it
laer
noun. summer
neder
cardinal. nine
The Sindarin word for “nine” based on the root √NETER of the same meaning (PE17/95; VT42/25; VT48/6; Ety/NÉTER).
neder
card
neder
cardinal. nine
er
alone
(adjectival prefix) er- (one, lone)
er
single
- er (pl. ir) (VT48:6), 2)
er
lone
(adjectival prefix) er- (alone, one)
er
alone
(one, lone)
er
single
(pl. ir) (VT48:6)
er
lone
(alone, one)
erchamion
one-handed
erchamion (pl. erchemyn), also *erchammui, no distinct pl. form. (The word is spelt erchamui in the source.)
erui
alone
erui (first, single). No distinct pl. form. Also eriol (pl. erioel); archaic *eriaul.
erui
alone
(first, single). No distinct pl. form. Also eriol (pl. erioel); archaic ✱eriaul.
erui
single
erui (first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini
eru
the one
isolated from
erui
single
(first, alone). No distinct pl. form. 3) minai (distinct, unique), lenited vinai; pl. mini**
laer
summer
laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”song”.
laer
summer
(no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”song”.
neder
cardinal. nine
neder;
neder
nine
;
ennas
adverb. there
andaith
noun. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened.
ennas
adverb. there, in that place
iaur
adjective. older, former
min
fraction. one (first of a series)
mîn
fraction. one (first of a series)
min
cardinal. one, one, [G.] single
The Sindarin word for “one” used when counting multiple things (PE17/95; VT42/25; VT48/6), such as minui “first”. Contrast this with er “one” for single isolated things.
Conceptual Development: This word was very well established, with G. min “one single” appearing all the way back in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/32). Similar forms ᴱN. mind, minn appeared in Early Noldorin word-lists of the 1920s, but without translation (PE13/150). N. min “one” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√MINI “stand alone, stick out” (Ety/MINI). In one late note it appeared with a long î: mîn “1” (VT42/25).
min
card
tass
1,D adverb. then, there
A Quenya-influenced neologism meaning "there, then, in that (place/time)", from Q. tassë.
ennas
there
ennas (SD:128-31)
ennas
there
(SD:128-31)
cae
card
caen-
card
can
card
canad
card
edra-
verb. open
_ v. _open (out). >> edro
eneg
card
_ card. _six. Q. enque, enc-. >> odog
glân
adjective. bright, shining white
The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" (and later "clear") as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text, but see VT/45:13). Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE/11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE/13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is also long, though this is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking
leben
card
_ card. _five. Q. lepen, lempe. >> eneg
odog
card
_ card. _seven. Q. otos. >> tolod
pen
pronoun. one, somebody, anybody
Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2
tolod
card
_ card. _eight. Q. tolto. >> neder
min
cardinal. one
- (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)
êr
one
whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)
edra
open
(verb) 1) *edra- (i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro. 2) panna- (i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
edra
open
(i edra, in edrar), only attested in imperative form edro.
gîl
bright spark
(i ngîl = i ñîl, construct gil) (star, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. *giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)*
he
she
he, hen, hene. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)
he
she
hen, hene. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly he is the nominative, whereas hen is the accusative ”her”. Hene could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*
iaur
ancient
iaur (in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer
iaur
ancient
(in compounds ior-, iar-) (old, former), pl. ioer
min
one
mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.
pen
cardinal. one
(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
pen
one
(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.
edra-
verb. to open
edro
verb. open!
glandagol
noun. boundary mark
iaur
adjective. ancient, old, original
laden
adjective. open, cleared
minai
adjective. single, distinct, unique
nel
card
_ card. _three. Q. nelde. Fcan, canad, neledh
tad
card
_ card. _two. Q. atta. Fnel, neledh
tad
card
card. two. . This gloss was rejected.
taith
noun. mark
dartha
remain
dartha- (i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, last, endure) (VT45:8)
dartha
remain
(i dhartha, i narthar) (stay, wait, last, endure) (VT45:8)
gail
bright
gail (light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
gail
bright
(light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).
laden
open
(adj.) laden (plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
laden
open
(plain, flat, wide, cleared), pl. ledin (for ”N” lhaden pl. lhedin, LR:368 s.v. LAT)
nedrui
ninth
panna
open
(i banna, i phannar) (enlarge). Note: a homophone means ”fill”.
taith
mark
(noun) taith (i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.
taith
mark
(i daith, o thaith), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaith). Archaic teith.
The Sindarin word for “one” used when discussing a single isolated thing (PE17/95; VT42/25; VT48/6), such as Erchamion “One-handed”. Contrast this with min “one” used when counting.
Conceptual Development: This word was very well established, with G. er “one” appearing all the way back in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s already associated with “lonely” words like G. ereg “alone” and G. erwed “unique” (GL/32).