Quenya 

-n

suffix. dative

Derivations

  • -na “to; allative” ✧ VT49/14
    • NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
-nă > -n[-na] > [-n]✧ VT49/14

Variations

  • n ✧ PE21/79
  • -n ✧ VT49/14
Quenya [PE21/79; VT49/14] Group: Eldamo. Published by

in

the

i (1) "the", indeclinable definite article (I, Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya, WJ:369, WJ:398, MC:215, 216, 221). A variant in (q.v.) is also attested. Hyphenated i- in i-mar "the earth" (FS), i-Ciryamo "the mariner's" (UT:8), i-aldar "the trees" (Narqelion), attached with a dot in i·yulmar "the cups" (VT48:11), I·Eldanyárë "the History of the Elves" (LR:199), i·arya *"the best" (PE17:57), directly prefixed with no hyphen or dot in icilyanna = i cilyanna in SD:247, also ihyarma "the left hand" in VT49:22 (but i hyarma in other versions of the same text).

in

article. the

ne

that

ne (2) conj. "that" (as in "I know that you are here") (PE14:54), evidently replaced by i in Tolkiens later Quenya (see i #3).

sana

that

Quenya [PE 22:116] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

tana

that

tana (1) demonstrative "that" (said to be "anaphoric") (TA). According to VT49:11, tana is the adjective corresponding to ta, "that" as a pronoun.

tana

that

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ta“that, there, that, there, [ᴹQ.] it”

Variations

  • tănā ✧ VT49/11

yana

that

yana demonstrative "that" (the former) (YA)

tanya

that

tanya demonstrative "that" (MC:215; this is "Qenya", perhaps corresponding to later tana)

i, antevokaliskt in

conjunction. that

Quenya [PE 22:118] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

savin elessar ar <u>i</u> nánë aran ondórëo

that

i (3) conj. "that". Savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo "I believe that Elessar really existed and that [he] was a king of Gondor" (VT49:27), savin…i E[lesarno] quetië naitë *"I believe that Elessars speaking [is] true" (VT49:28) Also cf. nai, nái "be it that" (see nai #1), which may seem to incorporate this conjunction.

i

pronoun. that

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

i

article. the

Cognates

  • S. i “the” ✧ PE17/066

Element in

Variations

  • i ✧ DTS/54; LotR/0377; LotR/0377; LotR/0377; MC/221; MC/222; Minor-Doc/1955-CT; Minor-Doc/1973-05-30; Minor-Doc/2013-05-13; MR/049; NM/239; NM/351; PE16/096; PE17/013 (i); PE17/065; PE17/066; PE17/068; PE17/127; PE17/127; PE19/076; PE21/77; PE21/80; PE22/147; PE22/161; PE22/166; RGEO/58; RGEO/58; RGEO/58; RGEO/59; RGEO/59; RGEO/59; S/190; UT/305; UT/317; VT21/06; VT43/19; VT43/29; VT43/31; VT43/35; VT43/37; VT43/37; VT43/37; VT43/38; VT44/35; VT47/35; VT49/08; VT49/12; VT49/22; WJ/166; WJ/369; WJ/369
  • in ✧ NM/240 (in)
  • I ✧ PE16/096; WJ/398
  • ✧ PE17/076; PM/395; PM/403; UT/008
  • in· ✧ PM/403
Quenya [DTS/54; LotR/0377; MC/221; MC/222; Minor-Doc/1955-CT; Minor-Doc/1973-05-30; Minor-Doc/2013-05-13; MR/049; NM/239; NM/240; NM/351; PE16/096; PE17/013; PE17/065; PE17/066; PE17/068; PE17/076; PE17/127; PE19/076; PE21/77; PE21/80; PE22/147; PE22/161; PE22/166; PM/395; PM/403; RGEO/58; RGEO/59; S/190; UT/008; UT/305; UT/317; VT21/06; VT43/19; VT43/29; VT43/31; VT43/35; VT43/37; VT43/38; VT44/35; VT47/35; VT49/08; VT49/12; VT49/22; WJ/166; WJ/369; WJ/398] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sa

conjunction. that

Quenya [PE 22:119] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ta

that, it

ta (1) pron. "that, it" (TA); compare antaróta** "he gave it" (FS); see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna "thither", talo/ "thence" and tás/tassë* "there" are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: "to that", "from that" and "in that" (place), respectively. Compare "there" as one gloss of ta (see #4).

Sindarin 

n'

preposition. n'

_ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime); form of na before vowels. >> na

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _nā _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

na

preposition. of; with, along with, accompanied by, provided with or by, associated with, marked with, of; with, along with, accompanied by, provided with or by, associated with, marked with; [N.] by

han

that

pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:42] < pl1. _hein_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

nan

preposition. of

san

pronoun. that

Derivations

  • san- “that” ✧ PE17/042

Element in

Sindarin [LotR/0305; PE17/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uin

preposition. of the

Sindarin [SD/129-31] o+i. Group: SINDICT. Published by

na(n)

preposition. of; with, along with, accompanied by, provided with or by, associated with, marked with, of; provided with or by, associated with, marked with, with, along with, accompanied by; [N.] by

Cognates

  • Ad. an- “of; genitive/adjectival prefix”

Derivations

  • NA/ANA “to, towards; at side of, alongside, besides; moreover, in addition, plus” ✧ PE17/082
  • ān(a) “subjective genitive” ✧ PE17/097

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ANA/NĀ > na[na]✧ PE17/082
ān/-āna > na[na]✧ PE17/097

Variations

  • na ✧ LotR/0469; LotR/0469; PE17/028; PE17/028; PE17/082; PE17/097; PE17/097; PE17/147; PE17/147; PE17/147; PE17/147; PE21/79 (Bel. na); VT50/23 (na); WJ/187; WJI/Taur-na-Chardhîn
  • nan ✧ PE17/147; PE17/147
Sindarin [LotR/0469; PE17/028; PE17/082; PE17/097; PE17/147; PE21/79; PM/348; UT/140; VT50/23; WJ/160; WJ/187; WJI/Taur-na-Chardhîn] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nŷw

noun. noose

Sindarin [Ety/387, X/IU] Group: SINDICT. Published by

i

that

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.

i

definite article. the

Sindarin [Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letters/308, Letters/417] Group: SINDICT. Published by

i

definite article. who

Sindarin [Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letters/308, Letters/417] Group: SINDICT. Published by

i

the

pl1. in _ art. _the.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:39:42:44:66:96:102:1] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

i

the

: Singular i (+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see THAT). Apparently ”the” sometimes appears as a suffix -n added to a preposition, e.g. be**<u>n</u>** ”according to <u>the</u>”. This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions.

i

article. the

@@@ enclytic Dagor-nuin-Giliath vs. Dagor-nui-Ngiliath

Cognates

  • Q. i “the” ✧ PE17/066

Element in

Variations

  • i ✧ AotM/062; AotM/062; AotM/062; Let/425; Let/448; LotR/0299; NM/164; NM/372; PE17/039; PE17/044; PE17/044; PE17/066; S/198; SD/129; SD/129; SD/129; UT/280; VT44/24; VT50/12; VT50/18; VT50/18; VT50/23; WJ/338
  • i- ✧ LotR/1061; LotR/1114
  • in ✧ NM/364
  • ✧ PE17/147
  • ir ✧ VT50/23
Sindarin [AotM/062; Let/425; Let/448; LotR/0299; LotR/0305; LotR/0768; LotR/0807; LotR/0953; LotR/1054; LotR/1061; LotR/1114; MR/373; NM/164; NM/364; NM/372; NM/378; PE17/039; PE17/044; PE17/060; PE17/066; PE17/097; PE17/102; PE17/147; PM/256; RGEO/62; S/106; S/198; S/238; SA/edhel; SD/129; UT/054; UT/057; UT/153; UT/280; UT/319; VT44/24; VT50/12; VT50/15; VT50/18; VT50/19; VT50/23; WJ/338; WJ/379; WJ/418; WJI/Taur-i-Melegyrn] Group: Eldamo. Published by

i

the

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. i thîw ”the letters”, compare tîw ”letters”). In this wordlist it is assumed that in becomes idh before a word in r-, as general patterns would seem to suggest. – The articles are also used as relative pronouns ”who, which, that” (see

o

from

(od), followed by hard mutation; with article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by mixed mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366) Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning” (q.v. for this meaning of ”of”). 2) na (followed by lenition), with article nan (followed by ”mixed mutation”, according to David Salo’s reconstruction). The preposition has various meanings: ”with, by, near” and also ”to, toward, at; of” 3)

sa

pronoun. that

Derivations

  • sa “3 sg. neuter [it], the thing, impersonal; this by me, [ᴱ√] demonstrative”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

taw

that

(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _

taw

pronoun. that

Derivations

  • TA “that, there, then; demonstrative”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

taw

that

. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form is actually given in LR:389 s.v.

n

that

added to a preposition, e.g. ben ”according to the”.  This suffix is followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.

n

noose

ŷw (construct nyw, no distinct pl. form). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” hniof.

an

to the, for the

(for) + i (the).

en

of the

e-, genitival article, mostly only used in the singular (in the plural, in or i + nasal mutation is used), though infrequently en is used in the pl. as well. Followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions.

en

of the

e- (sg. genitival article)

uin

from the, of the

.

nŷw

noose

*nŷw (construct nyw, no distinct pl. form). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” hniof.

Telerin 

-o

suffix. of

Cognates

  • Q. -o “of; genitive ending” ✧ WJ/369

Adûnaic

an-

prefix. of; genitive/adjectival prefix

A prefix translated as “of” (SD/247) and one of the ways that genitive relationships are expressed in Adûnaic (SD/429). According to Tolkien, “it is not a preposition ... it is the equivalent of an inflexion or suffix” (SD/435). As such, it is used to form adjectives from nouns, as anadûni “western, ✱of the West” from adûni “the West”. When following another noun, it is often elided so that the a is lost, as in Ârû ’nAdûnâi “King of the Númenóreans” (SD/429) and Bâr ’nAnadûnê “Lord of Númenor” (SD/428). This elision occurs in most examples, but seems not to happen in some cases:

  • When the an- is separated from the modified noun: balîk hazad an-Nimruzîr “ships seven of-Nimruzîr” (SD/247).

  • When the modified nouns is declined into the subjective case: Bârim an-Adûn “Lords of the West” (SD/247).

  • However, when the subjective noun ends in a vowel, elision still occurs: narîka ’nBâri ’nAdûn “Eagles of the Lords of the West” (SD/251).

Tolkien used a dash to separate an- from the noun to which it is prefixed but omitted the dash when the prefix was elided. Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne suggested (AAD/10) that Ad. an- may be related to the Sindarin genitive marker S. na(n) “with, by”

Cognates

  • S. na(n) “of; with, along with, accompanied by, provided with or by, associated with, marked with, of; provided with or by, associated with, marked with, with, along with, accompanied by; [N.] by”

Element in

Variations

  • -an ✧ SD/435
Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/251; SD/428; SD/429; SD/435] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Khuzdûl

-ul

suffix. of

Element in

  • Kh. Azanulbizar “Dimrill Dale, (lit.) Rills of the Shadows” ✧ RC/269

Variations

  • |ul ✧ PE17/047
Khuzdûl [PE17/047; RC/269] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

san-

noun. that

Derivatives

  • S. san “that” ✧ PE17/042
Primitive elvish [PE17/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

an

preposition. of

Element in

Noldorin [WR/287; WR/379; WR/388] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nan

preposition. of

hniof

noun. noose

Noldorin [Ety/387, X/IU] Group: SINDICT. Published by

i

definite article. the

Noldorin [Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letters/308, Letters/417] Group: SINDICT. Published by

i

definite article. who

Noldorin [Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letters/308, Letters/417] Group: SINDICT. Published by

i

article. the

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. i “the” ✧ Ety/I¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ√I “that (deictic particle); [ᴱ√] here it is, root of relatives” ✧ Ety/I¹

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√I > i-[i]✧ Ety/I¹

Variations

  • i- ✧ Ety/I¹
Noldorin [AotH/056; Ety/I¹; Ety/KHOP; Ety/KIRIK; EtyAC/I¹; LR/201; PE22/033; RS/186; SD/046; TAI/150; TI/182; TI/187] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

in

pronoun. that

sana

adjective. that

Element in

i

pronoun. that

Element in

Variations

  • i ✧ PE22/118; PE22/124; PE22/124; VT27/07
  • in ✧ PE22/118
Qenya [PE22/118; PE22/124; VT27/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

i

article. the

Cognates

  • N. i “the” ✧ Ety/I¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ√I “that (deictic particle); [ᴱ√] here it is, root of relatives” ✧ Ety/I¹

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√I > i[i]✧ Ety/I¹

Variations

  • i ✧ Ety/I¹; LR/072; LR/072; PE21/69; PE22/106; PE22/108; PE22/116; PE22/120; PE22/121; PE22/124
  • i- ✧ LR/072
  • ✧ LR/199
  • i{n} ✧ VT28/11
Qenya [Ety/I¹; LR/072; LR/199; PE21/69; PE22/106; PE22/108; PE22/116; PE22/120; PE22/121; PE22/124; VT28/11] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sa

pronoun. that

Element in

Old Noldorin 

i

article. the

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ī “the” ✧ PE21/58
Old Noldorin [PE21/58; PE22/027] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

ta

root. that

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶tad “thither” ✧ Ety/TA
    • ᴹQ. tar “thither, beyond” ✧ Ety/TA; PE19/052; PE21/58
    • On. “thither” ✧ PE19/052; PE21/58
  • ᴹQ. ta “that, it” ✧ Ety/TA
  • ᴹQ. tana “that (anaphoric)” ✧ Ety/TA
  • On. “thither” ✧ Ety/TA

Element in

  • ᴹ√TAN “*show” ✧ PE18/033; PE18/060
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TA; PE18/033; PE18/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ī

article. the

Derivatives

  • On. i “the” ✧ PE21/58
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

nan

preposition. of

a(n)

preposition. of

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶ā ✧ PE13/108

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ GG/07; GL/17; GL/49; LT1A/Uolë Kúvion; LT1I/Gilfanon
  • an ✧ GG/11; GL/26; GL/26; LT2A/Cûm an-Idrisaith
  • a ✧ GG/11; GL/34; GL/46; GL/64; LT1A/Cûm a Gumlaith; LT2A/Falasquil; LT2A/Teld Quing Ilon; LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin; PE13/093; PE13/108
Gnomish [GG/07; GG/11; GG/12; GL/17; GL/26; GL/34; GL/46; GL/49; GL/64; LT1A/Cûm a Gumlaith; LT1A/Uolë Kúvion; LT1I/Gilfanon; LT2A/Cûm an-Idrisaith; LT2A/Falasquil; LT2A/Teld Quing Ilon; LT2A/Tôn a Gwedrin; PE13/093; PE13/108] Group: Eldamo. Published by

a

preposition. of

i

article. the

Derivations

  • ᴱ√I “here it is, root of relatives” ✧ GG/07

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ GG/09; GL/44; GL/50
  • in· ✧ GG/09
  • i(n) ✧ GL/59
Gnomish [GG/07; GG/09; GG/11; GG/12; GG/15; GL/17; GL/34; GL/44; GL/49; GL/50; GL/59; GL/64; GL/65; LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi; PE13/093; PE13/095; PE13/117] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

na

preposition. of

Element in

Early Noldorin [LB/275; SM/026] Group: Eldamo. Published by

i

article. the

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ PE13/128; PE13/128 ()
Early Noldorin [PE13/120; PE13/124; PE13/128] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

in

article. the

ne

conjunction. that

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/052; PE14/054; PE14/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sanda

adjective. that

Changes

  • santasanda ✧ PE14/055

Element in

Variations

  • santa ✧ PE14/055 (santa)
  • tanda ✧ PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/060
Early Quenya [PE14/055; PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

santo

pronoun. that

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tanya

adjective. that

Element in

Early Quenya [MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

i

article. the

Derivations

  • ᴱ√I “here it is, root of relatives”

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ LT1/114; LT1/184
  • i ✧ LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi; MC/215; MC/216; MC/216; MC/221; PE14/032; PE14/046; PE14/047; PE14/048; PE14/050; PE14/055; PE14/056; PE14/079; PE14/081; PE14/083; PE15/32; PE15/32; PE15/32; PE15/32; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/077; PE16/077; PE16/090; PE16/090; PE16/092; PE16/100; PE16/100; PE16/104; PE16/104
  • I ✧ LT1A/Nori Landar; MC/215
  • i- ✧ PE14/042
  • n- ✧ PE14/042
  • in- ✧ PE14/042 (in-)
  • n ✧ PE14/050; PE14/054; PE15/32; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077
  • ✧ PE14/071; QL/031; VT40/08
  • ✧ PE14/071; PE14/083; PE14/117
  • in· ✧ PE14/071 (in·)
  • in ✧ PE15/32
  • Y ✧ PE16/090; PE16/092
  • ✧ VT40/08; VT40/08
Early Quenya [LT1/114; LT1/184; LT1A/Meril-i-Turinqi; LT1A/Nori Landar; MC/215; MC/216; MC/221; PE14/032; PE14/042; PE14/046; PE14/047; PE14/048; PE14/050; PE14/054; PE14/055; PE14/056; PE14/071; PE14/079; PE14/081; PE14/083; PE14/117; PE15/32; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/090; PE16/092; PE16/100; PE16/104; QL/031; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by