adj. long. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'. >> ann
Sindarin
anann
adverb. long
and
adjective. long
and
adjective. long
and
adjective. long
Cognates
- Q. anda “long, far” ✧ PE17/040; PE17/090
Derivations
Element in
- S. Anach “?Long Neck”
- S. anann “(for) long”
- S. andaith “long-mark”
- S. Andram “Long Wall” ✧ SA/an(d)
- S. Andras “Long Cape”
- S. Andrast “Long Cape”
- S. Angast “Long Cape” ✧ VT42/28
- S. Andrath “Long Climb”
- S. andreth “long-suffering, patience”
- S. Androth “*Long Cave”
- S. Anduin “Great River, (lit.) Long River” ✧ PE17/012; PE17/040; RC/765; SA/an(d)
- S. Anfalas “Langstrand, (lit.) Long Beach” ✧ SA/an(d)
- S. Anfang “Longbeard”
- S. angerthas “runic alphabetic, (lit.) long rune-rows” ✧ SA/an(d)
- ᴺS. annas “length”
- S. Ann-thennath “*Long-shorts”
- S. Cair Andros “Ship of Long Foam” ✧ SA/an(d)
- S. i arben na megil and “Knight of the Long Sword” ✧ PE17/147
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶andā > ann- [andā] > [anda] > [and] > [ann] ✧ PE17/090 Variations
- ann ✧ PE17/012; PE17/040; PE17/121
- ann- ✧ PE17/090
- an(d) ✧ SA/an(d)
- an(n)- ✧ VT42/28
ann
adjective. long
adj. long. Rare except in old names (e.g. Anduin). >> and
ann
adjective. long
long
adjective. heavy
lung
adjective. heavy, heavy; [G.] grave, serious
Sindarin adjective meaning “heavy” attested only in the name Mablung “Heavy Hand” (S/185). Given this name’s Quenya cognate Q. Lungumá (VT47/19), S. lung probably developed from primitive ✱✶lungŭ, where the [[s|[u] was prevented from become [o] by the presence of the nasal [ŋ]]].
The Gnomish glosses for this word from the 1910s included the more metaphorical senses of “grave, serious” (GL/55). It’s possible the Sindarin word could be used in this way as well.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the word for “heavy” was also G. lung (GL/55), an element in the name G. Mablung as well (LT2A/Mablung). Its primitive form was not given, but judging by the related word G. luntha- “to balance, weigh”, it might have been ✱ᴱ√LUŊU. The form ᴱN. lung “heavy” reappeared in the Early Noldorin Grammar from the 1920s (PE13/122), but became ᴱN. lhung in the (Early) Noldorin Dictionary (PE13/163), after Tolkien decided that [[en|initial [r-], [l-] were unvoiced]].
In The Etymologies from the 1930s, the Noldorin form of this word was N. lhong derived from primitive ᴹ✶lungā (Ety/LUG¹), where [[n|the [u] became [o] due to a-affection]]. At this point in time, Mablung was Doriathrin/Ilkorin rather than a Noldorin name (Ety/MAP), so there was no conflict.
After Tolkien abandoned the Ilkorin language, Mablung would have become a Sindarin name, and Tolkien needed a new etymology for it. Judging by its later Quenya cognate Lungumá (VT47/19), it seems that Tolkien revised the primitive form of this word from ✶lungā to ✶lungŭ, as described above, possibly a restoration of its etymology from the 1920s. This meant there was no a-affection in the Sindarin development, making S. lung the Sindarin form of the word.
Neo-Sindarin: I personally prefer S. lung for the Sindarin word for “heavy”, but some Neo-Sindarin authors use the reformed word ᴺS. ^long, based on the Noldorin word lhong in The Etymologies, switching to a voiced [l] because the unvoicing of initial [l], [r] does not happen in Sindarin phonology. This is not entirely consistent with my prefered Neo-Quenya word for “heavy”: lunga; I assume there was some divergent evolution in Sindarin and Quenya for this word.
Cognates
- Q. lungo “heavy”
Derivations
Element in
- S. Mablung “Heavy Hand” ✧ S/185
anann
adverb. (for) long
Element in
- S. cuio i Pheriain anann “may the Halflings live long” ✧ Let/448; LotR/0953; PE17/102
Elements
Word Gloss an “to, for, to, for; [N. and G.] of” and “long”
anann
adverb. long, for a long time
anann
long
(adverb, = "for a long time") anann
anann
long
and
long
(adjective) and (pl. aind),
and
long
(pl. aind)
long
heavy
long (pl. lyng);
long
adjective. heavy
long
heavy
(pl. lyng);
andaith
long mark
(no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand.
anfang
longbeard
pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)
ennin
long year
. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.
annas
5{#iD noun. length
Theoretical Sindarin; based on the attested formations thinnas (– adj. thent).
angerthas
long rune-row
(and + certhas).
annabon
long-snouted one
pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath. (Archaic form andabon.)
caul
heavy burden
(i gaul, o chaul) (affliction), pl. coel (i choel), coll. pl. colath;
taen
thin
(lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.
brûn
long endured/established/in use
(old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;
dram
heavy stroke
(i dhram) (blow), pl. draim (in draim)
adv. long. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.