stona

noun. pine

gon-

noun. a stone

gondo-ndor-

place name. Stone-land

gondō

noun. stone, rock

askō Reconstructed

noun. bone

khag

root. stake

thŏno

noun. pine

turuk

noun. stake

turukāno

masculine name. Ruling Lord

on

stone

on, ondo noun "stone" (LT2:342, LT1:254 probably only ondo in LotR-style Quenya, see below). Various "Qenya" forms: ondoli "rocks" (MC:213; this would be a partitive plural in LotR-style Quenya), ondolin "rocks" (MC:220), ondoisen "upon rocks" (MC:221), ondolissen "rocks-on" (MC:214; the latter form, partitive plural locative, is still valid in LotR-style Quenya).

ondo

stone

ondo noun "stone" as a material, also "rock" (UT:459, GOND). Pl. ondor in an earlier variant of Markirya; partitive pl. locative ondolissë "on rocks" in the final version. Compounded in ondomaitar "sculptor in stone" (PE17:163), Ondoher masc.name, *"Stone-lord" (ondo alluding to Ondonórë = Sindarin Gondor, "stone-land") (Appendix A), #ondolunca ("k") "stonewain", possessive form in the place-name Nand Ondoluncava "Stonewain Valley" (PE17:28, also Ondoluncanan(do) as a compound). Ondolindë place-name "Gondolin" (SA:gond, J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 193); see Ondo. Earlier "Qenya" has Ondolinda _(changed from Ondolin) "singing stone, Gondolin" (LT1:254)_

ʼondō

noun. stone

PQ. stone

ondosto

place name. *Stone City

A settlement in Númenor along the road between Armenelos and Andúnië (UT/169). This name is probably a compound ondo “stone” and osto “city”. Christopher Tolkien suggested that the name may be related to the stone quarries of that region (UTI/Ondosto).

ondoher

masculine name. *Stone Lord

The 31st king of Gondor (LotR/1038). His name is a compound ondo “stone” and heru “lord”.

Conceptual Development: In the drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices, Tolkien first gave his name as Ondohir, with a transient variation Ondonir (PM/195, 200). Ondohir was a “mixed name” whose final element was Sindarin S. hîr “lord” (PM/210). In the 2nd edition of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien changed it to the pure Quenya name Ondoher.

ondomaitar

noun. sculptor in stone

A noun for a “sculptor in stone” in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957, a combination of ondo “stone” and maitar “artist” (PE17/163).

ondonórë

place name. Gondor, (lit.) Stone Land

The Quenya name of S. Gondor, translated “Stone Land” (RC/347, PE17/28). It is a compound of ondo “stone” and nórë “land”. It also appeared in the shorter form Ondórë in the phrase savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo “I believe that E[lessar] really existed and that he was the King of Gondor” (VT49/27).

Conceptual Development: An earlier Quenya name for this land was ᴹQ. Ondor (PE22/125).

sar

noun. stone (small)

A word for “stone”, most notably in the name Q. Elessar “Elfstone” (LotR/375). The genitive for that name was given as Elesarno (PE22/158; VT49/28), so the stem for this word is probably sarn-, especially given its better-attested Sindarin cognate S. sarn. It is a derivative of the root ᴹ√SAR, and referred to a small (individual) stone (Ety/SAR), as opposed to Q. ondo which is stone as a material or large rocks or bodies of stone.

Conceptual Development: The earliest hint of this word was ᴱQ. sar “earth, soil” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, but this was marked with an “X” and ᴱQ. kemen (of similar meaning) was written next to it as an alternative (PE16/139). ᴹQ. sar “(small) stone” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√SAR, but there it had a plural sardi and hence a stem form of sard- (Ety/KEM). In that document, N. sarn was “stone as material” and hence not directly related. But later S. sarn was used for individual stones, and thus was probably a direct cognate of Q. sar (sarn-), as discussed above.

turondo

masculine name. Lord of Stone

A rejected Quenya name of Turgon, a compound of tur “lord” and ondo “stone” (PE17/112).

Elessar

elf-stone

Elessar masc. name "Elf-stone" (Elen + sar, actually "Star-stone", cf. Elendil concerning elen "star" being used to mean "Elf") (LotR3:V ch. 8). Genitive Elesarno _(VT49:28, read _Elessarno?) indicates that the stem is -sarn-. As a common noun, elessar or "elf-stone" may signify "beryl" (in the chapter Flight to the Ford in the LotR, Aragorn finds "a single pale-green jewel" and declares: "It is a beryl, an elf-stone"). Elessar as a name may also be seen as a pun or variant of Elesser "Elf-friend".

Turondo

lord of stone

Turondo masc. name "Lord of stone" (PE17:112); see Turucáno.

ambal

shaped stone, flag

ambal noun "shaped stone, flag" (MBAL)

raxa

drag of any large, flat vehicle on wheels or rollers for hauling stone or other weighty material

raxa noun "a drag of any large, flat vehicle on wheels or rollers for hauling stone or other weighty material" (PE17:28)

sar

(small) stone

sar (sard-, as in pl. sardi) noun "(small) stone" (SAR). In Elessar, q.v. Since Tolkien let this name have a stem in -sarn- (genitive Ele[s]sarno, VT49:28), he may seem to have changed the stem-form of sar from sard- to sarn-.

sarna

of stone

sarna adj. "of stone" (SAR)

sarda

adjective. hard (*as stone)

axo

noun. bone

A word for “bone” appearing in the Markirya poem from the 1960s in its plural form axor (MC/222-223). It might be related (conceptually if not etymologically) to the root √AKAS “neck, ridge” (PE17/92).

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱQ. as (ass-) bone dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/33). The locative plural of this noun assari “of bones” appeared in the Oilima Markirya poem written around 1930. The form ᴹQ. astŭ- “bone” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/27).

Neo-Quenya: While this word could be derived from ✱aksō, I prefer to assume it is derived from ✱ᴺ✶askō with metathesis sk > ks in Quenya. This makes it more etymologically distinct from axë “neck” and also allows a (Neo) Sindarin form ᴺS. asg “bone”, since a Sindarin derivative of ✱aksō would collide with S. ach “neck”.

axo

bone

axo noun "bone"; pl. axor in Markirya

talmondo

noun. foundation stone

A neologism coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), a combination of Q. talma “foundation” and Q. ondo “stone”.

ontamo

noun. mason (sculptor), mason, sculptor

A word a “mason (sculptor)” in notes from the late 1960s, a combination of ondo “stone” and tamo “smith” (PE17/107-108).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use this word mainly for stone craftsmen = “mason”. For a stone artist = “sculptor” I would use ondomaitar.

sarya-

verb. to stone

A neologism coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), derived from the root ᴹ√SAR.

Ondonórë

gondor

Ondonórë, #Ondórë place-name "Gondor" (Stone-land). The shorter form of the name is attested in the genitive in the phrase aran Ondórëo, "a king of Gondor". (VT42:17, VT49:27)

Turucáno

turgon

Turucáno ("k") masc. name "Turgon" (PM:344). The meaning is something like "powerful commander" (see cáno). Another version gives Turondo "lord of stone" as the Q name of Turgon(d). (PE17:115), with a wholly distinct final element.

lunca

wain

lunca noun "wain" (VT43:19), "heavy transport wain" (PE17:28). #Ondolunca "stone-wain", see under ondo.

maitar

artist

maitar noun "artist" (by itself usually: a poet), also compounded in lindimaitar "composer, musician", nyarnamaitar "storyteller", ondomaitar "sculptor in stone", (PE17:163)

ontamo

mason (sculptor)

ontamo noun "mason (sculptor)" (PE17:107-108); this is a compound on(do) "stone" + tamo "smith".

palantír

far-seer

palantír noun *"Far-seer", used = "Seeing Stone" (pl. palantíri is attested); see palan-. The form palantir (with a short i) appears in Letters:110.

sincahonda

flint-hearted

sincahonda adj. "flint-hearted" (LotR3:VI ch. 6). Hence noun #sinca "flint-[stone]"?

ondova

adjective. stony

sarnincë

noun. pebble

A neologism for “pebble” coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo (updated from sardincë to sarnincë in 2021), a diminutive form of Q. sar (sarn-) “stone”. There are a number of Early Qenya words for “pebble” from the 1910s and 20s, but all have various issues for adapting them to Neo-Quenya.

Caliondo

rock

Caliondo, masc. name, maybe a longer form of Calion above (unless Caliondo contains ondo "rock") (UT:210)

Ondor-

place name. Gondor

Quende#

noun. Elf

Elf

a-

see

a- (2) a prefix occurring in the Markirya poem (Tolkien first used na-, then changed it). It may be prefixed to verbal stems following a noun that is the object of sense-verbs like "see" and "hear" when the verb it is prefixed to describes what happens to this noun, as in man cenuva lumbor ahosta[?] (changed from na-hosta), "who shall see the clouds gather?" (hosta = "gather").

ala-

verb. plant, grow

ala- (4) vb. "plant, grow" _(the first gloss would suggest that the following one is transitive: to "grow" plants) (PE17:100). _Compare al- "thrive, *grow" (which however seems intransitive).

cen-

verb. see, behold

cen- ("k")vb. "see, behold", future tense cenuva ("kenuva") "shall see" in Markirya. Imperative cena ("k"), VT47:31.Also #cen = noun "sight" as the final element of some nouns (*apacen, tercen, q.v.) Compare the root KHEN-, KEN-, KYEN- "look at, see, observe, direct gaze" (VT45:21)

cenya

verb. see, perceive

empanya-

verb. plant

*empanya- vb. "plant" (deduced from the "Qenya" pl. past tense empannen, VT27:20-22)

laima

plant

laima noun "plant" (PE17:159). Cf. olvar.

laima

noun. plant

A noun for “plant” appearing in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 derived from the root √LAY (PE17/159).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. laute (lausi-) “living thing, (esp.) vegetable” and ᴱQ. lauke (lauki-) “vegetable, plant species”, both derived from the early root ᴱ√LAWA (QL/52). The word lauke also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa with the gloss “plant” (PME/52) and appeared again in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s with the gloss “vegetable” and an accusative form of lautya (PE16/141), indicating a new stem form lauty-.

mallë

street, road

mallë pl. maller noun"street, road" (MBAL, LR:47, 56, LT1:263, SD:310)

quendë

elf

quendë noun "Elf", the little-used analogical sg. of Quendi, q.v. (KWEN(ED), WJ:361)

sincahonda

adjective. flint-hearted

A word for “flint-hearted” in Treebeard’s description of orcs, a combination of Q. sinca “flint” and Q. honda “hearted” (LotR/979; PE17/111).

Conceptual Development: In 1940s Lord of the Rings drafts, this word first appeared as ᴹQ. tingahondo (SD/68).

sánë

pine

sánë (þ) noun "pine" (PE17:81), stem sáni- (? the primitive form is given as ¤thānĭ, which would normally give Quenya sánë/sáni-, but the Quenya noun is also cited as sáne- as if e persists before an ending).

sánë

noun. pine

In notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien had Q. {sāne >>} th-, sāne- “pine” derived from {✶stāna >>} ✶thānĭ-, but this note was deleted (PE17/81). It was replaced by a marginal note in which S. thôn “pine” was derived from ✶thŏno.

Neo-Quenya: In light of the final primitive form ✶thŏno, I would update the Quenya word to ᴺQ. sono [þ] “pine” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. Petri Tikka instead proposed ᴺQ. sónë [þ] in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s inspired only by S. thôn “pine”, before the above primitive forms were published in 2007.

Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya “pine” word was ᴱQ. aiqaire “fir or pine” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. aiqa “steep” (QL/29). It became ᴱQ. aikasse “pine-tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a cognate to G. aigos and derivative of primitive ᴱ✶aikasse (GL/17). This in turn became ᴱQ. aikor “pine-tree” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s, derived from ᴱ✶aikos-sa and still a cognate to G. aigos (PE13/158).

tunta-

see, notice, perceive

tunta- "see, notice, perceive", pa.t. túne (QL:95)

véla

verb. see

véla (2) vb. "see" (Arct); present/continuative tense of a verbal stem #vel-? The context of the sentence where it occurs ("till I see you next") suggests that this is "see" in the sense of "meet".

>> yomenië

sono

noun. pine

gond

stone

_n. _stone, rock. Archaic S. gond > gonn. Q. ondo. >> Gondor

beregond

masculine name. ?Valiant Stone

Name of a soldier of Gondor during the War of the Ring (LotR/760), and also the 20th steward of Gondor (LotR/1039). The meaning of this name is unclear. Hammond and Scull suggested that this name might mean “Valiant Stone”, a combination of [N.] beren “bold” and gond “stone”, the latter element perhaps referring to Gondor (RC/521). David Salo suggested the name may instead be derived from derived from ᴹ√BEREK “wild, fierce” (GS/344).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, the soldier of Gondor first appeared as Beren (WR/282), briefly Thalion (WR/385), soon revised to N. Barathil >> Barithil >> Berithil (WR/288) before Tolkien finally settled on Beregond late in the writing (SD/59). The steward of Gondor first appeared as Baragond (PM/220).

gond

noun. stone, rock, stone (general as a substance or material), rock, [N.] stone (as a material), [G.] great stone

The basic word for “stone” or “rock” in Sindarin (PE17/28-29; WJ/201). More specifically, it was “stone as a material” (PE17/28; Ety/GOND) as opposed to an individual stone, which was gôn (PE17/28; PE23/139) or sarn (RC/327; VT42/11). Longer gond was derived from the root ᴹ√GONOD of essentially the same meaning, as was its Quenya cognate Q. ondo (Ety/GOND). In a discussion of plurals from the late 1960s, Tolkien revised gond to gôn, and plural i·ñ(g)uind to i·ñ(g)uin (PE23/139), however I do not believe Tolkien was rejecting gond as word, but instead realized it was a mass noun that would not have a plural. He then replaced it with gôn which could be used or individual stones and thus had a plural for “stones”.

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it appeared as G. gonn “great stone, rock” (GL/41). It was probably a derivative of ᴱ√ONO “hard” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon from which its Qenya cognate ᴱQ. on(d) “a stone” was derived (QL/70). The early root form was probably ✱ᴱ√ƷONO, with the initial ʒ vanishing in Qenya but becoming g in Gnomish. Later on, this derivation no longer worked, since Tolkien decided that initial ʒ became h in Qenya. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, this word appeared as N. gonn “stone (as a material)” with the derivation given above (Ety/GOND).

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien gave this word as both gonn and gond, but in keeping with the notion that the sound “remained nd at the end of fully accented monosyllables” in Sindarin (LotR/1115), most Neo-Sindarin writers use gond.

gondor

place name. Stone-land

Southern kingdom of the Dúnedain (LotR/242), a combination of gond “stone” and dôr “land” (SA/gond, dôr).

Conceptual Development: This land was first mentioned as ᴹQ. Ondor in the 1930s in drafts of the tale of the Fall of Númenor (LR/33). While this name could be Noldorin, linguistic notes from the 1940s indicate it was Quenya (PE22/125). In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, it first appeared as ᴹQ. Ond (R/381), revised to Ondor (TI/146) and finally Gondor (TI/423).

gonnhirrim

collective name. Masters of Stone

A name of the Dwarves translated “Masters of Stone” (S/91), a combination of gond “stone”, hîr “lord, master” and the class-plural suffix -rim (SA/gond, heru).

gôn

noun. stone (a stone or a single thing made of stone)

A word mentioned in notes from the late 1950s, as contrasted with S. gond “stone”:

> Sindarin had a short form gŏn- < ✶PQ gōn, gon-, stone, a stone, or a single thing made of stone, as dist[inct] from gondō, stone — general as a substance or material (PE17/28).

Tolkien also mentioned it in his Nomenclature of the Lord of the Rings, saying “in Sindarin the shorter gon- was used for smaller objects made of stone, especially carved figures” (RC/347). In notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969, Tolkien had gôn with plural form i·ñ(g)uin “stones” (PE23/139). In that document Tolkien revised {gond >>} gôn, but I believe this was because he realized gond was a mass noun that would not have a proper plural, and changed to the “short form” gôn to illustrate plural mutations.

As such, I think Tolkien intended gôn and gond to co-exist, with gôn being an individual stone or a (small) single thing made of stone, while gond was “stone” as a mass noun, for stone as a material, a body of rock, or stone as an abstraction.

sarn

noun/adjective. (small) stone, pebble, gem; stony (place), (small) stone, pebble, gem[stone]; stony (place); [N.] stone as a material

A Sindarin noun for a small individual stone or pebble (RC/327; VT42/11) in contrast to S. gond for large blocks of stone or rock (Ety/GOND) or stone as a material (PE17/28). However, sarn also functioned as an adjective “stony”, and when used unqualified could also refer to a “stony place” (RC/163). It was a derivative of the root ᴹ√SAR (Ety/SAR). In notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969, Tolkien translated this word as “small stone, pebble, gem” (PE23/139), and I think the last gloss indicates this word can be used for valuable stones as well, in the sense “gem[stone]”.

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where Tolkien had G. sarn “a stone” (GL/67), and it was also an element in the negative word ᴱN. orsarn “stoneless” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/156). It appeared as N. sarn, a derivative of ᴹ√SAR, in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but in this document it was glossed “stone as a material”, and also functioned as an adjective, apparently a blending of ✱sarnē and ᴹ✶sarnā (Ety/SAR), in contrast to N. gonn which in this document was only “a great stone or rock” (Ety/GOND). In later writings sarn could still function as an adjective “stony” (RC/163) but as a noun generally referred to an individual (small) stone, as in the name S. Edhelharn “Elfstone” (SD/128).

sarn gebir

place name. Stone-spikes

A series of rapids on the river Anduin described as “sharp shelves and stony teeth” (LotR/391) and translated “Stone-spikes” (RC/327). This name is a combination of sarn “stone” and the plural of the lenited plural of ceber “spike” (SA/sarn, RC/327). This formation is somewhat odd, since nouns in this position are not usually lenited in Sindarin, though they were in earlier Noldorin. The form Gebir may be a hold-over of its early Noldorin name.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, these rapids were first named N. Pensarn, quickly revised to N. Ruinel >> Sarn Ruin (TI/366), and a bit later to (plural) Sern Gebir >> Sarn Gebir (TI/283). These last two forms also appeared in The Etymologies with an unclear gloss, perhaps “?lonestone” or “?limestone”, but they were struck out (Ety/KEPER, EtyAC/KEPER).

Gondor

noun. stone land

gond (“great stone, rock”) + (-n)dor (“land, dwelling”)

Sarn Athrad

noun. stone ford

sarn (“stone as a material”), athrad (ger. of athra- “river-crossing, ford, way”); #The second element could be interpreted as: ath (prefix “on both sides, across”) + râd (“path, track”)

Sarn Gebir

noun. stone spikes

sarn (“stone as a material”) cebir (pl. of ceber “stake, spike”)

Tol(l)ondren

noun. stone isle

toll (“island”) + gond (“stone”) + ren (adjectival suffix)

edhelharn

noun. elf stone

edhel (“elf”) + sarn (“stone”)

seregon

noun. blood of stone

sereg (“blood”) + gond (“great stone, rock”)

Gondor

'Stone-land'

topon. 'Stone-land'. A name given because of the abundance of gond, stone in Ered Nimrais, and the great use made of it by the Southern Dúnedain. Q Ondonóre. >> gond

Turgond-

noun. 'Lord of Stone'

prop. n. 'Lord of Stone'. . This gloss was rejected.

seregorn

noun. 'blood of stone'

n. Bot. 'blood of stone', a kind of red flowered stone-crop. >> sereg

gon(g)lin

place name. Singing Stone, Stone of Music

A hypothetical Sindarin name for Gondolin if it had developed from the same primitive form as its Quenya name Ondolindë (PE17/133), also appearing as Goen(g)lin (PE17/29).

gwachaedir

noun. all seeing stone (palantír)

gwa (= go prefix “together”) + hae (“far, remote”) + tirn (“watcher”) In PM appears as gwahaedir.

seregon

noun. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh

ceber

noun. stake, spike, stone ridge

edhelharn

noun. elf-stone

gond

noun. great stone, rock

gondren

adjective. (made) of stone

gonn

noun. stone, rock

gwachaedir

noun. seeing-stone, palantír

sarn

noun. stone (as a material)

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sarn

noun. small stone

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

gond

stone

(i ’ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).

sarn

stone

1. (small stone, or stone as material) sarn (i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”. 2) gôn (i **ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #**gonath as in Argonath. 3) (larger stone) gond (i **ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath** (Letters:410).

sarn

stone

(i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”.

gôn

stone

(i ’ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #gonath as in Argonath.

drafn

hewn stone

(drafn, i dhrafn; pl. dhrefn, in drefn). HEWN STONE also gondrafn, gondram (i **ondrafn, -ram), pl. gendraim (-raim). Archaic pl. göndreim**.

edhelharn

elf-stone

(a term for beryl) edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31). SEEING STONE (palantír) *gwachaedir (i **wachaedir), no distinct pl. form except with prefixed article (in gwachaedir), coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter form assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch** (PM:186).

gondrath

street of stone

(i ’ondrath) (causeway, raised stone highway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340)

gondrath

street of stone

gondrath (i **ondrath) (causeway, raised stone highway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith**. (WJ:340)

gondrath

street of stone

gondrath (i **ondrath) (causeway, raised stone highway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith**. (WJ:340)

gondren

made of stone, stony

1. gondren (stony), lenited ondren, pl. gendrin. Archaic pl. göndrin (TI:270). 2) sarn (lenited harn; pl. sern); also used as noun ”small stone, pebble, stone [as material]”; as adj. also = ”stony”.

sarn

made of stone, stony

(lenited harn; pl. sern); also used as noun ”small stone, pebble, stone [as material]”; as adj. also = ”stony”.

Gonhir

master of stone

(= Dwarf) #Gonhir (i **Onhir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir), maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim** (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”)

Gonhir

master of stone

(= Dwarf) #Gonhir (i **Onhir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir), maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim** (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”)

ceber

stone ridge

(i geber, o cheber) (spike, stake), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir.

ceber

stone ridge

ceber (i geber, o cheber) (spike, stake), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir.

ceber

stone ridge

ceber (i geber, o cheber) (spike, stake), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir.

drafn

hewn stone

i dhrafn; pl. dhrefn, in drefn).

drafn

hewn stone

1. drafn (i dhrafn) (hewn log), pl. drefn (in drefn), also 2) gondrafn, gondram (i **ondrafn / ondam), pl. ?gendrefn / gondrem). Archaic pl. göndreim**.

edhelharn

elf-stone

(a term for beryl) edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).

edhelharn

elf-stone

(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).

gond

great stone

(i ’ond, construct gon) (rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).

gond

great stone

gond (i **ond, construct gon) (rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath** (Letters:410).

gondrafn

hewn stone

gondram (i ’ondrafn, -ram), pl. gendraim (-raim). Archaic pl. göndreim.____

gondren

made of stone, stony

(stony), lenited ’ondren, pl. gendrin. Archaic pl. göndrin (TI:270).

gondren

made of stone

gondren (stony), lenited ondren, pl. gendrin. Archaic pl. göndrin. (TI:270)

gondren

made of stone

(stony), lenited ’ondren, pl. gendrin. Archaic pl. göndrin.**  **(TI:270)

gonhir

master of stone

(i ’Onhir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir), maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim  (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”)

gonhir

master of stone

(i ’Onhir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir), maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim  (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”)

gonnhirrim

noun. Dwarves (lit. "Masters of Stone")

gwachaedir

seeing stone

(i ’wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186) ****

gonnhirrim

noun. Gonnhirrim

lords of stone (S for “dwarves”); gond (“stone”) + hîr (“lord”) + rim (collective plural suffix)

ach

noun. bone

sarneg

noun. pebble

A neologism for “pebble” coined by Paul Strack in 2021 specifically for Eldamo, a diminutive form of S. sarn “stone”.

Gondor

Gondor

In earlier times, it was called the South Kingdom, or Hyaralondie, Hyallondie and Turmen Hyallondiéva in Quenya, and Arthor na Challonnas in Sindarin from the Númenórean point of view: the elements londie and lonnas mean "harbour, landing". The name Gondor was likely adopted from the lesser people's terminology and translates from Sindarin as "Stone-land", from the words gond, "stone", and (n)dor, "land". The (generally not used) Quenya form of the name was Ondonóre. Gondor received its name because of the abundance of stone in the Ered Nimrais, and the usage of it in great stone cities, statues, and monuments, such as Minas Tirith and the Argonath. In Rohan, it was known as Stoningland (a modernization of Old English Stāning-(land)), and Ghân-buri-Ghân of the Drúedain also recognized their use of stone.

Sarn Gebir

Sarn Gebir

Sarn Gebir is a Sindarin name meaning "stone-spiked".

ceber

stake

ceber (i geber, o cheber) (spike, stone ridge), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir. Cf. also

ceber

stake

(i geber, o cheber) (spike, stone ridge), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir. Cf. also

cen

verb. see

cen- (i gên, i chenir), also tíra- (i díra, i thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”. SEEING #cened (i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see mirror, SEEING STONE *gwachaedir (*i 'wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186)

gond

rock

gond (i **ond, construct gon) (great stone), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath** (Letters:410).

gond

rock

(i ’ond, construct gon) (great stone), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).

Sarn Athrad

Sarn Athrad

Sarn Athrad means "Ford of Stones" or "stony ford" in Sindarin (sarn + athrad).

edhelharn

Edhelharn

Like "Elfstone" and "Elessar", it comes from the words edhel "elf" and (lenited) sarn

sarnas

cairn

sarnas (i harnas, o sarnas) (pile of stones), pl. sernais (i sernais)

sarnas

cairn

(i harnas, o sarnas) (pile of stones), pl. sernais (i sernais)

edhel

noun. Elf

Turgon

noun. Turgon

master-shout (if interpretable at all); tûr (“mastery, victory”) + caun (“outcry, clamour” ) S name of Turukáno.

Teler

noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri

Turgon

noun. Turgon

prop. n.

calben

noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")

calben

noun. all Elves but the Avari

dúnedhel

noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)

edhel

noun. Elf

edhel

noun. Elf

_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen

edhel

Elf

pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel

edhel

Elf

{ð} _n. _Elf.

edhel

Elf

d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.

egladhrim

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

eglath

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

eledh

noun. Elf

elen

noun. Elf

ell

noun. elf

n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.

ell

noun. Elf

elleth

noun. elf-maid

ellon

noun. elf

elvellon

noun. elf-friend

galadhrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

glinnel

noun. Elf, one of the Teleri

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

gódhel

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

gódhellim

noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk

iathrim

noun. Elves of Doriath

lachend

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

lachenn

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

laegel

noun. a Green Elf

laegeldrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

laegrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

maeron

noun. artist

_ n. _artist. It usually, but not necessarily, implied a poet. Q. maitar.

maeron

noun. artist

A noun in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957, the Sindarin equivalent of maitar “artist” (PE17/163). See the Quenya entry for further details.

miniel

noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar

mornedhel

noun. Dark-Elf

othrad

noun. street

palan-díriel

noun. far-gazer

A pseudo-compound from the song A Elbereth Gilthoniel in the phrase na-chaered palan-díriel “to lands remote I have looked afar” (LotR/238; RGEO/63-64). It is a combination of palan “far”, and the lenited form of the past active participle tíriel “having gazed” of the verb tiria- “watch, gaze” (PE17/25; Let/427).

penedh

noun. Elf

penneth

noun. ridges, group of downs

pinnath

noun. ridges, group of downs

rach

noun. wain

Since this word is attested in a compound only, its unmutated form is uncertain. It could also be grach or rhach

rach

noun. wain

rath

noun. street

n. street.

rath

noun. street, street, track; [N.] course, river-bed

A word used in street-names in Minis Tirith, most notably Rath Celerdain “Lampwrights’ Street” (LotR/768) and Rath Dínen “Silent Street” (LotR/826). It was also an element in the (rejected) name Raith ’Ngorthrim “Paths of the Dead” (RC/526) and the river-name Rathlóriel “Golden-bed” (S/235), but the last of these may be a remnant of its 1930s meaning (see below). In the “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings Tolkien indicated that rath meant “street (in a city)” (RC/523, 551).

The most extensive description of this word appears in a 1968 discussion of the (possibly related) name Amroth which Tolkien said “is connected with a stem RATH meaning ‘climb’ - with hands and feet, as in a tree or up a rocky slope”. Regarding S. rath Tolkien said:

> Both Quenya and Lindarin also possessed a word ratta, which might be a derivative (by lengthening the medial consonant, a frequent device in Primitive Eldarin) from either ✱rattha or ✱ratta from the stem RAT ... It meant ‘a track’; though often applied to ways known to mountaineers, to passes in the mountains and the climbing ways to them, it was not confined to ascents ... This is evidently the origin also of S. rath ... [which] had the same senses as Q., L. ratta, though in mountainous country it was most used of climbing ways ... In Minas Tirith, in the Númenórean Sindarin that was used in Gondor for the nomenclature of places, rath had become virtually equivalent to ‘street’, being applied to nearly all the paved ways within the city. Most of these were on an incline, often steep (NM/364).

Thus Sindarin rath was a blending of √RATH “climb” and ✶ratta “track” < √RAT “find a way”, and in the context of Minas Tirith was generalized to “(city) street” since most of that city’s streets were sloped.

Rath seems to have been used in the sense “climb” or “climbing track” in the name Andrath [= “✱Long Climb”] for the high-climbing pass from Rivendell over the Misty Mountains that Bilbo and the Dwarves took in The Hobbit, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (UT/271, 278 note #4). However, the name Andrath was also used for the road running from Fornost down to Tharbad (TI/305; UT/348) which was unlikely to climb much, so in that case may have been used in the sense “street”, “track”, or “course”.

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. rath was also derived from ON. rattha < ᴹ✶rattā̆ under the root ᴹ√RAT “walk”, but in that document it was glossed “course, river-bed” (Ety/RAT). In this sense it was the basis for the river-name N. Rathloriel, translated “Bed of Gold” in narratives from this period (LR/141). This translation of Rathlóriel survived in The Silmarillion as published (S/235), but may have been a remnant of the 1930s meaning of rath.

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien’s 1968 note implies that original sense of S. rath was a “(climbing) track”, and may have meant “street” only in Númenórean Sindarin, or possibly just for street names in Minas Tirith. For city streets in other contexts I would use [N.] ostrad or [ᴺS.] othrad. I would furthermore ignore the 1930s translation N. rath “course, river-bed”, and would assume that Rathlóriel had a more metaphorical meaning: “✱Golden Street/Track”. For “(river) course” I was instead use the better-attested S. rant; see that entry for details.

tawarwaith

noun. Silvan elves

telerrim

noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves

thaun

pine

pl1. thoen n.Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. >> Dor I thoen, thôn. This gloss was rejected.

thôn

noun. pine-tree

thôn

noun. pine

n.Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. >> thôn, thaun . This gloss was rejected.

thôn

noun. pine

n.Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. >> Dor I thoen, thôn. This gloss was rejected.

tíra-

verb. to see

tírad

gerund noun. to see, for the seing

ódhel

noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk

ódhellim

noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk

Turgon

Turgon

Turgon is the Sindarized version of his Quenya father-name, Turukáno. The latter contains the element káno ("commander").

aearon

great ocean

also Gaearon (i** ’Aearon), pl. Gaearyn (i** Ngaearyn = *i Ñaearyn). Also short form Gaeron (i** ‘Aeron), pl. Gaeryn (i** Ngaeryn = i Ñaeryn*). Coll. pl. Gaearonnath, Gaeronnath.

ardhon

great province

(great region, world), pl. erdhyn, coll. pl. ardhonnath.

avar

non-eldarin elf

pl. Evair, also called

calben

elf of the great journey

(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).

carag

tooth of rock

(i garag, o charag) (spike), pl. ceraig (i cheraig)

cen

see

(i** gên, i** chenir), also tíra- (i** díra, i** thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”.

cened

seeing

(i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.

daedhelos

great fear

daedhelos (i naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndae<u>d</u>elos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct. Another term for GREAT FEAR is goe (i **oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe** = i ñoe).

daedhelos

great fear/dread

(i** naedhelos, o ndaedhelos), pl. daedhelys (i** ndaedhelys). Coll. pl. daedhelossath. A side-form ends in -oth instead of -os. The word appears in the mutated form "ndaedelos" in LotR Appendix F, but since the second element must be delos "abhorrence" and it would surely be lenited following a vowel, this would seem to be one of the cases where Tolkien wrote d even though dh would be technically correct.

drafn

hewn

(adj.) †drafn (lenited dhrafn, pl. drefn), also used as noun or

drafn

hewn

(lenited dhrafn, pl. drefn), also used as noun

dúnedhel

elf of beleriand

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

edhel

elf

edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

edhel

elf

(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

elleth

elf-woman

(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)

ellon

elf-man

(pl. ellyn)

elvellon

elf-friend

(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);

galas

plant

galas (i **alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath**

galas

plant

(i ’alas) (growth), pl. gelais (i ngelais = i ñelais), coll. pl. galassath

goe

great fear

goe (i **oe) (terror), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe** = i ñoe);

gwanwel

elf of aman

(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see

lae

great number

(no distinct pl. form) (VT45:27), also rim (crowd, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh** rim), coll. pl. rimmath**. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

laegel

green-elf

pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil)  *(WJ:385)*.

lefn

elf left behind

pl. lifn.

miniel

first elf

(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)

mornedhel

dark elf

(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).

othrad

street

1. *othrad (pl. ethraid for archaic öthraid). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ostrad. 2) rath (climb, climbing path, course, riverbed), pl. raist (idh raist) (UT:255). 3)

othrad

noun. street

othrad

street

(pl. ethraid for archaic öthraid). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” ostrad.

peredhel

half-elf

(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).

pind

ridge

pind (i bind, o phind, construct pin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath.

pind

ridge

(i bind, o phind, construct pin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath.

rach

wain

*rach (wagon), pl. #raich (idh raich) (UT:465). Isolated from the compounded plural form gondraich.

rach

wain

(wagon), pl. #raich (idh raich) (UT:465). Isolated from the compounded plural form gondraich.

rath

street

(climb, climbing path, course, riverbed), pl. raist (idh raist) (UT:255).

roval

great wing

(pinion, wing), pl. rovail (idh rovail); this is a suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.

send

grey-elf

(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).

sirion

great river

(i** hirion, o sirion), pl. siryn (i** siryn).

taur

great wood

(i daur, o thaur) (forest), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”lofty, high, sublime, noble” etc.

thamas

great hall

pl. themais, coll. pl. thamassath.

tirion

great watchtower

(i** dirion, o thirion), pl. tiryn (i** thiryn).

eregon

place name. Stone Pinnacle

Early name for Tol Brandir in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/285, 367) glossed “Stone Pinnacle” (TI/345). It may be a combination of er or ereg “one, alone” and gonn “stone”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/2.36).

gondram

noun. hewn stone

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “hewn stone”, a combination of N. gonn “stone” and N. drafn “hewn log”, with (older?) variant {gondrav(o)n >>} gondravn (Ety/DARÁM; EtyAC/DARÁM).

gondren

adjective. *of stone

An adjective form of N. gonn appearing only in its lenited form in the name N. Toll-ondren “Carrock” from Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/268). It is probably a later iteration of the adjective ᴱN. gonnen “of stone” from Early Noldorin documents of the 1920s (PE13/123, 145).

bered ondrath

place name. *Towers of the Stone Road

Guard towers at the entrance of the causeway into Pelennor appearing only in the Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (WR/340). This name is likely a combination of the plural of barad “tower”, the lenited form of gond “stone” and rath “course, street”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/3.35).

gondobar

place name. Stone of the World

Another name for Gondolin appearing in the poem “Song of Ælfwine” (LR/100) and in The Etymologies from the 1930s, where it was translated “Stone of the World”, a combination of gonn “stone” and amar “world” (Ety/GOND, MBAR).

Conceptual Development: The name G. Gondobar appeared in the earliest Lost Tales as one of the names of Gondolin with the translation “City of Stone” (LT2/158), a combination of gonn “stone” and -bar “home” (LT2A/Gondolin, LT1A/Eldamar).

sarn

noun/adjective. stone as a material

sarn gebir

place name. ?lone stone, Stand[?ing stones], [?Lime]stones

ceber

noun. stake, spike, stone ridge

gondrafn

noun. hewn stone

gondrafn

noun. hewn stone

gondram

noun. hewn stone

gonn

noun. great stone, rock

gwahaedir

noun. seeing-stone, palantír

har na ond i mid

stand by the grey stone

A phrase on the back of one version of Thror’s Map, and hence probably from the early 1930s. The English translation appears further down the page.

sarn

noun. stone (as a material)

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sarn

noun. small stone

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sarnas

noun. cairn, pile of stones

sarnas

noun. cairn

A noun for “cairn” (a memorial made of a pile of stones) inx the name N. Sarnas Fingolfin “Cairn of Fingolfin” from a list of names associated with Silmarillion drafts of the 1930s (LR/406). It is an elaboration of N. sarn “stone”.

Conceptual Development: An earlier word G. dal “cairn” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s near the words G. dalech “(upright) stone” and G. daltha- “to erect, set up” (GL/29), so perhaps based on ᴱ√TALA (or ✱DALA) “support” (QL/88).

orthanc

place name. Mount Fang

cen-

verb. to see

drafn

noun. hewn log

edhel

noun. Elf

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

gond

noun. rock

ostrad

noun. street

ostrad

noun. street

A word appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as N. ostrad “street”, a combination of N. ost “city” and N. râd “path, track” (Ety/RAT).

Neo-Sindarin: Some Neo-Sindarin writers update this word to ᴺS. othrad “street” as suggested in HSD (HSD), based on words like othrond “stronghold” = ost + rond. I think either is fine if we assume othrad is an ancient compound and ostrad was a late (or reformed) compound; compare N. mistrad “error” which also shows medial str.

penedh

noun. Elf

penn

noun. Elf

thaun

noun. pine-tree

felak

noun. a tool for cutting stone

ella

noun/adjective. Elf

ello

noun. Elf

Danas

noun. Green-elves, Nandor

In Etym derived from the stem DAN (LR:353), simply defined as an "element found in names of the Green-elves", and tentatively compared to NDAN "back" (since the Nandor "turned back" and did not complete the march to the Sea). Tolkien's later view on the derivation of the name of the Green-elves, as set down in WJ:412, is that the stem dan- and its strengthened form ndan- do indeed have a similar meaning: these forms have to do with "the reversal of an action, so as to undo or nullify its effect", and a primitive form ndandô, "one who goes back on his word or decision", is suggested. However, it seems unlikely that the Nandor would have called themselves by such a name, and indeed Tolkien in WJ:385 states that "this people still called themselves by the old clan-name Lindai [= Quenya Lindar], which had at that time taken the form Lindi in their tongue". It may be, then, that Tolkien had rejected the idea that the Nandor called themselves Danas. - As for the ending -as, it is probably to be compared to the Sindarin class plural ending -ath; indeed a Sindarin ("Noldorin") form Danath evidently closely corresponding to Danas is given in LR:353.

cwenda

noun. elf

A doubtful word according to Tolkien's later conception; in the branch of Eldarin that Nandorin belongs to, primitive KW became P far back in Elvish linguistic history [WJ:375 cf. 407 note 5]. This was not a problem in Tolkien's earlier conception, in which the Danians came from the host of the Noldor, not the Teleri [see PM:76; the idea of the Nandor being of Noldorin origin also occurs in VT47:29]. In his later version of Nandorin, the word cwenda is probably best ignored; simply emending it to *penda would produce a clash with primitive pendâ "sloping" [cf. WJ:375].

In the Etymologies, Tolkien derived cwenda from kwenedê "elf" (stem KWEN(ED) of similar meaning, LR:366; as for the shift of original final -ê to Nandorin -â, compare hrassa "precipice" from khrassê). But later the primitive word that yielded Quenya Quende was reconstructed as kwende (WJ:360).

No certain example shows how original short final -e comes out in Nandorin, so we cannot say whether kwende is also capable of yielding cwenda, ignoring the question of kw failing to become p.

galadrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

Note: "The Galadrim were 'Tree-people' (though the formation is Sindarin, + S [rim] = Q rimbë, great number) = true Sindarin galadhrim."