stona

noun. pine

gon-

noun. a stone

gondo-ndor-

place name. Stone-land

gondō

noun. stone, rock

askō Reconstructed

noun. bone

thŏno

noun. pine

on

stone

on, ondo noun "stone" (LT2:342, LT1:254 probably only ondo in LotR-style Quenya, see below). Various "Qenya" forms: ondoli "rocks" (MC:213; this would be a partitive plural in LotR-style Quenya), ondolin "rocks" (MC:220), ondoisen "upon rocks" (MC:221), ondolissen "rocks-on" (MC:214; the latter form, partitive plural locative, is still valid in LotR-style Quenya).

ondo

stone

ondo noun "stone" as a material, also "rock" (UT:459, GOND). Pl. ondor in an earlier variant of Markirya; partitive pl. locative ondolissë "on rocks" in the final version. Compounded in ondomaitar "sculptor in stone" (PE17:163), Ondoher masc.name, *"Stone-lord" (ondo alluding to Ondonórë = Sindarin Gondor, "stone-land") (Appendix A), #ondolunca ("k") "stonewain", possessive form in the place-name Nand Ondoluncava "Stonewain Valley" (PE17:28, also Ondoluncanan(do) as a compound). Ondolindë place-name "Gondolin" (SA:gond, J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 193); see Ondo. Earlier "Qenya" has Ondolinda _(changed from Ondolin) "singing stone, Gondolin" (LT1:254)_

ʼondō

noun. stone

PQ. stone

ondosto

place name. *Stone City

A settlement in Númenor along the road between Armenelos and Andúnië (UT/169). This name is probably a compound ondo “stone” and osto “city”. Christopher Tolkien suggested that the name may be related to the stone quarries of that region (UTI/Ondosto).

ondo

noun. stone (as a material), (large mass of) rock

The basic word for “stone” in Quenya. More specifically, it was “stone as a material, a large mass of stone or great rock” (RC/347; PE17/28; Ety/GOND) as opposed to a small individual stone, which was Q. sar (Ety/SAR). Ondo was derived from the root ᴹ√GONOD of essentially the same meaning, as was its Sindarin cognate S. gond (Ety/GOND).

Conceptual Development: The earliest iteration of this word was ᴱQ. on(d) “a stone” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the root ᴱ√ONO “hard” (QL/70); it was ond(o) in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/50). Its Gnomish cognate was G. gonn “great stone, rock” (GL/41) meaning the early root form was probably ✱ᴱ√ƷONO, with the initial ʒ vanishing in Qenya but becoming g in Gnomish. Later on, this derivation no longer worked, since Tolkien decided that initial ʒ became h in Qenya, as reflected in the form ᴱQ. {ŋonda >>} hond- “stone, rock” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s (PE13/162).

However, the usual form became ondo as of the Early Qenya Grammar and various word lists in the 1920s (PE14/43-44; PE15/77; PE16/138), and ᴹQ. ondo “stone (as a material)” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above (Ety/GOND). Tolkien stuck with this form thereafter.

ondoher

masculine name. *Stone Lord

The 31st king of Gondor (LotR/1038). His name is a compound ondo “stone” and heru “lord”.

Conceptual Development: In the drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices, Tolkien first gave his name as Ondohir, with a transient variation Ondonir (PM/195, 200). Ondohir was a “mixed name” whose final element was Sindarin S. hîr “lord” (PM/210). In the 2nd edition of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien changed it to the pure Quenya name Ondoher.

sar

noun. stone (small)

A word for “stone”, most notably in the name Q. Elessar “Elfstone” (LotR/375). The genitive for that name was given as Elesarno (PE22/158; VT49/28), so the stem for this word is probably sarn-, especially given its better-attested Sindarin cognate S. sarn. It is a derivative of the root ᴹ√SAR, and referred to a small (individual) stone (Ety/SAR), as opposed to Q. ondo which is stone as a material or large rocks or bodies of stone.

Conceptual Development: The earliest hint of this word was ᴱQ. sar “earth, soil” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, but this was marked with an “X” and ᴱQ. kemen (of similar meaning) was written next to it as an alternative (PE16/139). ᴹQ. sar “(small) stone” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√SAR, but there it had a plural sardi and hence a stem form of sard- (Ety/KEM). In that document, N. sarn was “stone as material” and hence not directly related. But later S. sarn was used for individual stones, and thus was probably a direct cognate of Q. sar (sarn-), as discussed above.

ondolunca

noun. stonewain

A word for “stonewain” in a discussion of Elvish names for “Stonewain Valley”, a combination of ondo “stone” and lunka “wain” (PE17/28).

nand’ ondoluncava

place name. Stonewain Valley

A Quenya name of the hidden Stonewain Valley in the Druadan Forest (LotR/833, PE17/28). It is a compound of the elided form nand’ of nan(do) “valley” and the possessive form of ondolunca “stonewain”.

ondoluncanan(do)

place name. Stonewain Valley

A Quenya name of the hidden Stonewain Valley in the Druadan Forest appearing in Tolkien’s Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/28). It is a compound of ondolunca “stonewain” and nan(do) “valley”. A “qu” was placed above this form, indicating a variant form Ondolunquanan(do), as suggested by Christopher Gilson (PE17/28), though I think Ondoluquanan(do) is more likely given the variant for luqua of lunca.

axo

noun. bone

A word for “bone” appearing in the Markirya poem from the 1960s in its plural form axor (MC/222-223). It might be related (conceptually if not etymologically) to the root √AKAS “neck, ridge” (PE17/92).

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱQ. as (ass-) bone dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/33). The locative plural of this noun assari “of bones” appeared in the Oilima Markirya poem written around 1930. The form ᴹQ. astŭ- “bone” appeared in the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s (PE21/27).

Neo-Quenya: While this word could be derived from ✱aksō, I prefer to assume it is derived from ✱ᴺ✶askō with metathesis sk > ks in Quenya. This makes it more etymologically distinct from axë “neck” and also allows a (Neo) Sindarin form ᴺS. asg “bone”, since a Sindarin derivative of ✱aksō would collide with S. ach “neck”.

axo

bone

axo noun "bone"; pl. axor in Markirya

ondosercë

noun. stonecrop, plant with red flowers, (lit.) blood of stone

A neologism coined by Parmandil and Luinyelle, posted on 2024-05-07 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a combination of ondo “stone” and sercë “blood”.

ontamo

noun. mason (sculptor), mason, sculptor

A word a “mason (sculptor)” in notes from the late 1960s, a combination of ondo “stone” and tamo “smith” (PE17/107-108).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use this word mainly for stone craftsmen = “mason”. For a stone artist = “sculptor” I would use ondomaitar.

sarya-

verb. to stone

A neologism coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), derived from the root ᴹ√SAR.

Ondonórë

gondor

Ondonórë, #Ondórë place-name "Gondor" (Stone-land). The shorter form of the name is attested in the genitive in the phrase aran Ondórëo, "a king of Gondor". (VT42:17, VT49:27)

lunca

wain

lunca noun "wain" (VT43:19), "heavy transport wain" (PE17:28). #Ondolunca "stone-wain", see under ondo.

ontamo

mason (sculptor)

ontamo noun "mason (sculptor)" (PE17:107-108); this is a compound on(do) "stone" + tamo "smith".

ondova

adjective. stony

Caliondo

rock

Caliondo, masc. name, maybe a longer form of Calion above (unless Caliondo contains ondo "rock") (UT:210)

Ondor-

place name. Gondor

Quende#

noun. Elf

Elf

quendë

elf

quendë noun "Elf", the little-used analogical sg. of Quendi, q.v. (KWEN(ED), WJ:361)

sánë

pine

sánë (þ) noun "pine" (PE17:81), stem sáni- (? the primitive form is given as ¤thānĭ, which would normally give Quenya sánë/sáni-, but the Quenya noun is also cited as sáne- as if e persists before an ending).

sánë

noun. pine

In notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien had Q. {sāne >>} th-, sāne- “pine” derived from {✶stāna >>} ✶thānĭ-, but this note was deleted (PE17/81). It was replaced by a marginal note in which S. thôn “pine” was derived from ✶thŏno.

Neo-Quenya: In light of the final primitive form ✶thŏno, I would update the Quenya word to ᴺQ. sono [þ] “pine” for purposes of Neo-Quenya. Petri Tikka instead proposed ᴺQ. sónë [þ] in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s inspired only by S. thôn “pine”, before the above primitive forms were published in 2007.

Conceptual Development: The Early Qenya “pine” word was ᴱQ. aiqaire “fir or pine” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of ᴱQ. aiqa “steep” (QL/29). It became ᴱQ. aikasse “pine-tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a cognate to G. aigos and derivative of primitive ᴱ✶aikasse (GL/17). This in turn became ᴱQ. aikor “pine-tree” in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s, derived from ᴱ✶aikos-sa and still a cognate to G. aigos (PE13/158).

sono

noun. pine

gond

stone

_n. _stone, rock. Archaic S. gond > gonn. Q. ondo. >> Gondor

gond

noun. stone, rock, stone (general as a substance or material), rock, [N.] stone (as a material), [G.] great stone

The basic word for “stone” or “rock” in Sindarin (PE17/28-29; WJ/201). More specifically, it was “stone as a material” (PE17/28; Ety/GOND) as opposed to an individual stone, which was gôn (PE17/28; PE23/139) or sarn (RC/327; VT42/11). Longer gond was derived from the root ᴹ√GONOD of essentially the same meaning, as was its Quenya cognate Q. ondo (Ety/GOND). In a discussion of plurals from the late 1960s, Tolkien revised gond to gôn, and plural i·ñ(g)uind to i·ñ(g)uin (PE23/139), however I do not believe Tolkien was rejecting gond as word, but instead realized it was a mass noun that would not have a plural. He then replaced it with gôn which could be used or individual stones and thus had a plural for “stones”.

Conceptual Development: This word dates all the way back to the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s where it appeared as G. gonn “great stone, rock” (GL/41). It was probably a derivative of ᴱ√ONO “hard” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon from which its Qenya cognate ᴱQ. on(d) “a stone” was derived (QL/70). The early root form was probably ✱ᴱ√ƷONO, with the initial ʒ vanishing in Qenya but becoming g in Gnomish. Later on, this derivation no longer worked, since Tolkien decided that initial ʒ became h in Qenya. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, this word appeared as N. gonn “stone (as a material)” with the derivation given above (Ety/GOND).

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien gave this word as both gonn and gond, but in keeping with the notion that the sound “remained nd at the end of fully accented monosyllables” in Sindarin (LotR/1115), most Neo-Sindarin writers use gond.

gondor

place name. Stone-land

Southern kingdom of the Dúnedain (LotR/242), a combination of gond “stone” and dôr “land” (SA/gond, dôr).

Conceptual Development: This land was first mentioned as ᴹQ. Ondor in the 1930s in drafts of the tale of the Fall of Númenor (LR/33). While this name could be Noldorin, linguistic notes from the 1940s indicate it was Quenya (PE22/125). In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, it first appeared as ᴹQ. Ond (R/381), revised to Ondor (TI/146) and finally Gondor (TI/423).

gôn

noun. stone (a stone or a single thing made of stone)

A word mentioned in notes from the late 1950s, as contrasted with S. gond “stone”:

> Sindarin had a short form gŏn- < ✶PQ gōn, gon-, stone, a stone, or a single thing made of stone, as dist[inct] from gondō, stone — general as a substance or material (PE17/28).

Tolkien also mentioned it in his Nomenclature of the Lord of the Rings, saying “in Sindarin the shorter gon- was used for smaller objects made of stone, especially carved figures” (RC/347). In notes on the Common Eldarin Article (CEA) from 1969, Tolkien had gôn with plural form i·ñ(g)uin “stones” (PE23/139). In that document Tolkien revised {gond >>} gôn, but I believe this was because he realized gond was a mass noun that would not have a proper plural, and changed to the “short form” gôn to illustrate plural mutations.

As such, I think Tolkien intended gôn and gond to co-exist, with gôn being an individual stone or a (small) single thing made of stone, while gond was “stone” as a mass noun, for stone as a material, a body of rock, or stone as an abstraction.

sarn gebir

place name. Stone-spikes

A series of rapids on the river Anduin described as “sharp shelves and stony teeth” (LotR/391) and translated “Stone-spikes” (RC/327). This name is a combination of sarn “stone” and the plural of the lenited plural of ceber “spike” (SA/sarn, RC/327). This formation is somewhat odd, since nouns in this position are not usually lenited in Sindarin, though they were in earlier Noldorin. The form Gebir may be a hold-over of its early Noldorin name.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, these rapids were first named N. Pensarn, quickly revised to N. Ruinel >> Sarn Ruin (TI/366), and a bit later to (plural) Sern Gebir >> Sarn Gebir (TI/283). These last two forms also appeared in The Etymologies with an unclear gloss, perhaps “?lonestone” or “?limestone”, but they were struck out (Ety/KEPER, EtyAC/KEPER).

seregon

noun. stonecrop, plant with red flowers, (lit.) blood of stone

A plant with red flowers growing on top of Amon Rûdh (S/203), whose name Tolkien translated as “blood of stone”, and described as “a plant of the kind called in English ‘stonecrop’; it had flowers of a deep red” (UT/148). This word is a combination of sereg “blood” and gond “stone” (SA/gond, sereg).

Gondor

noun. stone land

gond (“great stone, rock”) + (-n)dor (“land, dwelling”)

Sarn Athrad

noun. stone ford

sarn (“stone as a material”), athrad (ger. of athra- “river-crossing, ford, way”); #The second element could be interpreted as: ath (prefix “on both sides, across”) + râd (“path, track”)

Sarn Gebir

noun. stone spikes

sarn (“stone as a material”) cebir (pl. of ceber “stake, spike”)

Tol(l)ondren

noun. stone isle

toll (“island”) + gond (“stone”) + ren (adjectival suffix)

Gondor

'Stone-land'

topon. 'Stone-land'. A name given because of the abundance of gond, stone in Ered Nimrais, and the great use made of it by the Southern Dúnedain. Q Ondonóre. >> gond

gon(g)lin

place name. Singing Stone, Stone of Music

A hypothetical Sindarin name for Gondolin if it had developed from the same primitive form as its Quenya name Ondolindë (PE17/133), also appearing as Goen(g)lin (PE17/29).

edhelharn

noun. elf-stone

gond

noun. great stone, rock

gondrant

place name. Stone-trail

gondren

adjective. (made) of stone

gonn

noun. stone, rock

sarn

noun. stone (as a material)

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sarn

noun. small stone

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

imrath gondraich

place name. Stonewain Valley

A Sindarin name for the Stonewain Valley, written as Imrath Gondraich by Christoper Tolkien in the index of the Unfinished Tales (UTI/Stonewain Valley), and as Imrath Gondraith by Hammond and Scull based on Tolkien’s “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings (RC/558). The first word is imrath “valley with a road” (RC/558), and the initial element of the second word is clearly gond “stone”, so the final element raich/raith may be a plural of “wain”. This is perhaps from a variant (✱rach/rath) of the other attested Sindarin word for “wagon” rasg, which appeared as a plural in the other name for the Stonewain Valley: Nan Gondresgion (PE17/28).

nan gondresgion

place name. Stonewain Valley

Another Sindarin name for the Stonewain Valley (PE17/28), apparently a combination of nan(d) “valley”, gond “stone”, the plural of rasg “wagon” and the suffix -ion “-land”.

tum gondregain

place name. Stonewain Valley

Nan Gondresgion

'Stonewain Valley'

topon. 'Stonewain Valley', so named because of the great road for heavy drags (plateforms on wheels) and wains, used in the quarries of Min-Rimmon that ran through it. Q. Nand' Ondoluncava, Ondoluncavand(do), Ondolunquanan(do), O.E. Stānwægna Dæl.

gond

stone

(i ’ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).

sarn

stone

1) (small stone, or stone as material) sarn (i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”. 2) gôn (i **ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #**gonath as in Argonath. 3) (larger stone) gond (i **ond, construct gon) (great stone or rock), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath** (Letters:410).

sarn

stone

(i harn, o sarn), pl. sern (i sern); also used as adj. ”stony, made of stone”.

gôn

stone

(i ’ôn, construct gon); pl. gŷn, coll. pl. #gonath as in Argonath.

gondrath

street of stone

(i ’ondrath) (causeway, raised stone highway), pl. gendraith (i ngendraith = i ñendraith). Archaic pl. göndreith. (WJ:340)

sarn

made of stone, stony

(lenited harn; pl. sern); also used as noun ”small stone, pebble, stone [as material]”; as adj. also = ”stony”.

ceber

stone ridge

(i geber, o cheber) (spike, stake), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir.

ceber

stone ridge

ceber (i geber, o cheber) (spike, stake), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir.

ceber

stone ridge

ceber (i geber, o cheber) (spike, stake), pl. cebir (i chebir). A lenited pl. form occurs in the name Sarn Gebir.

gondren

made of stone, stony

(stony), lenited ’ondren, pl. gendrin. Archaic pl. göndrin (TI:270).

gonhir

master of stone

(i ’Onhir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i Ngonhir = i Ñonhir), maybe primarily used as a coll. pl. Gonhirrim  (WJ:205, there spelt ”Gonnhirrim”)

seregon

stonecrop

seregon (”blood of stone”, a kind of stonecrop with deep red flowers) (i heregon, o seregon), pl. seregyn (i seregyn)

seregon

stonecrop

(”blood of stone”, a kind of stonecrop with deep red flowers) (i heregon, o seregon), pl. seregyn (i seregyn)

ach

noun. bone

Gondor

Gondor

In earlier times, it was called the South Kingdom, or Hyaralondie, Hyallondie and Turmen Hyallondiéva in Quenya, and Arthor na Challonnas in Sindarin from the Númenórean point of view: the elements londie and lonnas mean "harbour, landing". The name Gondor was likely adopted from the lesser people's terminology and translates from Sindarin as "Stone-land", from the words gond, "stone", and (n)dor, "land". The (generally not used) Quenya form of the name was Ondonóre. Gondor received its name because of the abundance of stone in the Ered Nimrais, and the usage of it in great stone cities, statues, and monuments, such as Minas Tirith and the Argonath. In Rohan, it was known as Stoningland (a modernization of Old English Stāning-(land)), and Ghân-buri-Ghân of the Drúedain also recognized their use of stone.

Sarn Gebir

Sarn Gebir

Sarn Gebir is a Sindarin name meaning "stone-spiked".

gond

rock

gond (i **ond, construct gon) (great stone), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath** (Letters:410).

gond

rock

(i ’ond, construct gon) (great stone), pl. gynd (i ngynd = i ñynd), coll. pl. gonnath (Letters:410).

Sarn Athrad

Sarn Athrad

Sarn Athrad means "Ford of Stones" or "stony ford" in Sindarin (sarn + athrad).

sarnas

cairn

sarnas (i harnas, o sarnas) (pile of stones), pl. sernais (i sernais)

sarnas

cairn

(i harnas, o sarnas) (pile of stones), pl. sernais (i sernais)

Teler

noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri

calben

noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")

calben

noun. all Elves but the Avari

dúnedhel

noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)

edhel

noun. Elf

edhel

noun. Elf

_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen

edhel

Elf

pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel

edhel

Elf

{ð} _n. _Elf.

edhel

Elf

d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.

egladhrim

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

eglath

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

ell

noun. elf

n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.

elleth

noun. elf-maid

ellon

noun. elf

elvellon

noun. elf-friend

galadhrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

glinnel

noun. Elf, one of the Teleri

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

gódhel

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

gódhellim

noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk

iathrim

noun. Elves of Doriath

lachend

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

lachenn

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

laegel

noun. a Green Elf

laegeldrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

laegrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

miniel

noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar

mornedhel

noun. Dark-Elf

penneth

noun. ridges, group of downs

pinnath

noun. ridges, group of downs

rach

noun. wain

Since this word is attested in a compound only, its unmutated form is uncertain. It could also be grach or rhach

rach

noun. wain

tawarwaith

noun. Silvan elves

telerrim

noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves

thaun

pine

pl1. thoen n.Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. >> Dor I thoen, thôn. This gloss was rejected.

thôn

noun. pine-tree

thôn

noun. pine

n.Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. >> thôn, thaun . This gloss was rejected.

thôn

noun. pine

n.Bot. #pine. Presented as a noldorized S. form. >> Dor I thoen, thôn. This gloss was rejected.

ódhel

noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk

ódhellim

noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk

carag

tooth of rock

(i garag, o charag) (spike), pl. ceraig (i cheraig)

edhel

elf

edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

pind

ridge

pind (i bind, o phind, construct pin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath.

pind

ridge

(i bind, o phind, construct pin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i phind), coll. pl. pinnath.

rach

wain

*rach (wagon), pl. #raich (idh raich) (UT:465). Isolated from the compounded plural form gondraich.

rach

wain

(wagon), pl. #raich (idh raich) (UT:465). Isolated from the compounded plural form gondraich.

eregon

place name. Stone Pinnacle

Early name for Tol Brandir in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/285, 367) glossed “Stone Pinnacle” (TI/345). It may be a combination of er or ereg “one, alone” and gonn “stone”, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/2.36).

gondobar

place name. Stone of the World

Another name for Gondolin appearing in the poem “Song of Ælfwine” (LR/100) and in The Etymologies from the 1930s, where it was translated “Stone of the World”, a combination of gonn “stone” and amar “world” (Ety/GOND, MBAR).

Conceptual Development: The name G. Gondobar appeared in the earliest Lost Tales as one of the names of Gondolin with the translation “City of Stone” (LT2/158), a combination of gonn “stone” and -bar “home” (LT2A/Gondolin, LT1A/Eldamar).

gonn

noun. rock, stone (as a material)

sarn

noun/adjective. stone as a material

gondrafn

noun. hewn stone

gondram

noun. hewn stone

gonn

noun. great stone, rock

sarn

noun. stone (as a material)

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sarn

noun. small stone

Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

tolharn

place name. Stoneait

Early name for Tol Brandir in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, also appearing as Tollernen and glossed “Stoneait” (TI/324, 345), where “ait” is an archaic English word for “island in a river”. It seems to be a combination of toll “island” and a lenited form of sarn “stone”, as suggested by Roman Rausch, though he suggested the form Tollernen may instead contain an adjective ✱ernen “single” (EE/2.36) [but this does not match the gloss].

sern ubed

place name. [Stones of] Denial

Earlier name for the Argonath appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (WR/132), a combination of the plural of sarn “stone” and ubed “denial”.

sarnas

noun. cairn, pile of stones

sarnas

noun. cairn

A noun for “cairn” (a memorial made of a pile of stones) inx the name N. Sarnas Fingolfin “Cairn of Fingolfin” from a list of names associated with Silmarillion drafts of the 1930s (LR/406). It is an elaboration of N. sarn “stone”.

Conceptual Development: An earlier word G. dal “cairn” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s near the words G. dalech “(upright) stone” and G. daltha- “to erect, set up” (GL/29), so perhaps based on ᴱ√TALA (or ✱DALA) “support” (QL/88).

orthanc

place name. Mount Fang

edhel

noun. Elf

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

gond

noun. rock

thaun

noun. pine-tree

Danas

noun. Green-elves, Nandor

In Etym derived from the stem DAN (LR:353), simply defined as an "element found in names of the Green-elves", and tentatively compared to NDAN "back" (since the Nandor "turned back" and did not complete the march to the Sea). Tolkien's later view on the derivation of the name of the Green-elves, as set down in WJ:412, is that the stem dan- and its strengthened form ndan- do indeed have a similar meaning: these forms have to do with "the reversal of an action, so as to undo or nullify its effect", and a primitive form ndandô, "one who goes back on his word or decision", is suggested. However, it seems unlikely that the Nandor would have called themselves by such a name, and indeed Tolkien in WJ:385 states that "this people still called themselves by the old clan-name Lindai [= Quenya Lindar], which had at that time taken the form Lindi in their tongue". It may be, then, that Tolkien had rejected the idea that the Nandor called themselves Danas. - As for the ending -as, it is probably to be compared to the Sindarin class plural ending -ath; indeed a Sindarin ("Noldorin") form Danath evidently closely corresponding to Danas is given in LR:353.

cwenda

noun. elf

A doubtful word according to Tolkien's later conception; in the branch of Eldarin that Nandorin belongs to, primitive KW became P far back in Elvish linguistic history [WJ:375 cf. 407 note 5]. This was not a problem in Tolkien's earlier conception, in which the Danians came from the host of the Noldor, not the Teleri [see PM:76; the idea of the Nandor being of Noldorin origin also occurs in VT47:29]. In his later version of Nandorin, the word cwenda is probably best ignored; simply emending it to *penda would produce a clash with primitive pendâ "sloping" [cf. WJ:375].

In the Etymologies, Tolkien derived cwenda from kwenedê "elf" (stem KWEN(ED) of similar meaning, LR:366; as for the shift of original final -ê to Nandorin -â, compare hrassa "precipice" from khrassê). But later the primitive word that yielded Quenya Quende was reconstructed as kwende (WJ:360).

No certain example shows how original short final -e comes out in Nandorin, so we cannot say whether kwende is also capable of yielding cwenda, ignoring the question of kw failing to become p.

galadrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

Note: "The Galadrim were 'Tree-people' (though the formation is Sindarin, + S [rim] = Q rimbë, great number) = true Sindarin galadhrim."