Quenya 

sar

noun. stone (small)

A word for “stone”, most notably in the name Q. Elessar “Elfstone” (LotR/375). The genitive for that name was given as Elesarno (PE22/158; VT49/28), so the stem for this word is probably sarn-, especially given its better-attested Sindarin cognate S. sarn. It is a derivative of the root ᴹ√SAR, and referred to a small (individual) stone (Ety/SAR), as opposed to Q. ondo which is stone as a material or large rocks or bodies of stone.

Conceptual Development: The earliest hint of this word was ᴱQ. sar “earth, soil” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, but this was marked with an “X” and ᴱQ. kemen (of similar meaning) was written next to it as an alternative (PE16/139). ᴹQ. sar “(small) stone” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√SAR, but there it had a plural sardi and hence a stem form of sard- (Ety/KEM). In that document, N. sarn was “stone as material” and hence not directly related. But later S. sarn was used for individual stones, and thus was probably a direct cognate of Q. sar (sarn-), as discussed above.

sar

(small) stone

sar (sard-, as in pl. sardi) noun "(small) stone" (SAR). In Elessar, q.v. Since Tolkien let this name have a stem in -sarn- (genitive Ele[s]sarno, VT49:28), he may seem to have changed the stem-form of sar from sard- to sarn-.

sarmo

masculine name. Sarmo

A revised name for the father of Nerdanel in notes from 1959, earlier named Mahtan which is the form Christopher Tolkien used in The Silmarillion (PM/366). The meaning of this name are unclear, but it might be related to the root √SAR.

Quenya [PM/366; PMI/Sarmo] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sarafinwë

masculine name. Sarafinwë

The father-name of Turgon in some notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings, appearing alongside his “title” Turukondo from which (in those notes) his Sindarin name was derived (PE17/113). The second element of this name is clearly his grandfather’s name Finwë, but the meaning of the initial element is unclear.

Conceptual Development: Turgon’s father name in later writings was given as Turucáno (PM/345).

sarnië

noun. shingle, pebble bank

A noun for a “shingle, pebble bank” in The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from the late 1960s from primitive ✶sarniye, also the basis for the river name S. Serni (VT42/11). It is clearly an abstract noun formation based on Q. sar (sarn-) “(small) stone”. Here the gloss “shingle” is used in the sense of a mass of smell pebbles rather than as a roofing tile.

Quenya [UTI/Serni; VT42/11] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sarna

of stone

sarna adj. "of stone" (SAR)

sarnë

stony place

sarnë noun "stony place" _(SAR; in the _Etymologies as printed in LR, the gloss reads "strong place", but according to VT46:12 the proper reading is "stony place")

Sarquindi

cannibal-ogres

Sarquindi ("q")pl. noun "Cannibal-ogres" (LT2:347)

sara

stiff dry grass, bent

sara (3) (þ) noun "stiff dry grass, bent" (STAR). The word "bent" would here mean "open place covered with grass" (cf. LT1:274).

sarat

letter

sarat (pl. sarati given) noun "letter", any individual significant mark, used of the letters of Rúmil after the invention of Fëanor's tengwar (WJ:396). Cf. sarmë.

sarco

flesh

sarco ("k") noun "flesh" (LT2:347; Tolkien's later Quenya has hrávë)

sarcuva

corporeal, bodily

sarcuva ("k") adj. "corporeal, bodily" (LT2:347; hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, since it connects with sarco above)

sarda

hard

sarda adj. "hard" (VT39:17); pl. sardë "hards" may be used in the same sense as sarda tengwi, q.v. (As an independent form we would rather expect a nominal pl. sardar.)

sarda tengwë

hard sound

#sarda tengwë noun "hard sound", a term for "consonant", but not used of semi-vowels (y, w) and continuants (l, r, m, noun). (Only pl. sarda tengwi [ñ] is attested; we would rather expect #sardë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective.) Sarda tengwi are also simply called sardë "hards", see sarda. (VT39:17)

sarmë

writing

sarmë noun "writing" (VT39:8). Cf. sarat.

sarnië

shingle, pebble-bank

sarnië (sarniyë) noun "shingle, pebble-bank" (UT:463, VT42:11)

sarno

table

sarno noun "table" (QL:82)

sarqua

fleshy

sarqua ("q")adj. "fleshy" (LT2:347) Compare sarco, sarcuva.

sarta

steadfast, trusty, loyal

sarta adj. "steadfast, trusty, loyal" (PE17:183)

sarto

trusty follower, loyal companion (member of comitatus of a lord, or prince)

sarto noun "trusty follower, loyal companion (member of comitatus of a lord, or prince)", also satar (PE17:183)

sarat

noun. letter (of the Rúmilian alphabet)

sarda

adjective. hard (*as stone)

sarmë

noun. writing

sarta

adjective. steadfast, trusty, loyal

sarto

noun. trusty follower, loyal companion

satar

trusty follower, loyal companion (member of comitatus of a lord, or prince)

satar noun "trusty follower, loyal companion (member of comitatus of a lord, or prince)", often in form sarto (PE17:183)

satar

noun. trusty follower, loyal companion

sára

fiery

sára (2) adj. "fiery" (LT1:248; this "Qenya" word may have been obsoleted by # 1 above)

Elessar

elf-stone

Elessar masc. name "Elf-stone" (Elen + sar, actually "Star-stone", cf. Elendil concerning elen "star" being used to mean "Elf") (LotR3:V ch. 8). Genitive Elesarno _(VT49:28, read _Elessarno?) indicates that the stem is -sarn-. As a common noun, elessar or "elf-stone" may signify "beryl" (in the chapter Flight to the Ford in the LotR, Aragorn finds "a single pale-green jewel" and declares: "It is a beryl, an elf-stone"). Elessar as a name may also be seen as a pun or variant of Elesser "Elf-friend".

psar-

verb. to rub

sarma

noun. saw

sarnincë

noun. pebble

A neologism for “pebble” coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo (updated from sardincë to sarnincë in 2021), a diminutive form of Q. sar (sarn-) “stone”. There are a number of Early Qenya words for “pebble” from the 1910s and 20s, but all have various issues for adapting them to Neo-Quenya.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

sartë

noun. note, jot, scribbling, (lit.) a little writing

@@@ by Röandil in the “Neologism of the Day” series on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2023-04-01 from pre-classical period with sar- meant “to write”; alternate later from tehtë, (tehti-) from √TEK

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

sarya-

verb. to stone

A neologism coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), derived from the root ᴹ√SAR.

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sarnunta

noun. diadem

A neologism coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), its derivation is unclear but the initial element might be Q. sarn- “(small) stone”.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

sardanar

noun. corundum, (lit.) hard sun

A neologism for “corundum” coined by Valerie on 2022-05-12 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a combination of sarda “hard” and Anar “sun”.

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sar-

verb. to mark (i.e. by incision), notch, score; (by later extension) †to write [on]

saramor

noun. *writing-ink

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sar-

verb. to cross

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sara-

verb. to saw [wood]

@@@ perhaps originally meaning “to draw across”

sarassë

noun. hassock, footstool

A neologism for “hassock, footstool” created by Boris Shapiro in PPQ (PPQ) from the early 2000s, based to N. tharas of the same meaning.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

sarnomo

noun. banker

@@@ etymology unclear

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airen

noun. sea

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airë

sea

airë (2) noun "sea" (the form airen is given, intended as a genitive singular when Tolkien wrote this; in LotR-style Quenya it would rather be a dative sg.) (AYAR/AIR; cf. airon)

airë

noun. sea

An archaic word for “sea” which fell out of use to due conflict with “holy” words like aira or airë; it was a noun form of primitive ✶gaı̯ră (PE17/27). The more common modern word for “sea” is ëar.

Conceptual Development: ᴹQ. aire “sea” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√AYAR (Ety/AY); it appeared beside a form ᴹQ. airen that might be a genitive form, or might be a longer form; see the entry on ᴹQ. airon for discussion.

cildë

saw

cildë _("k")_pa.t. vb.? "saw" (???) The phrase úri kilde hísen níe nienaite is translated "the Sun with wet eyes dropped tears of mist", literally perhaps something like "the Sun saw (through) misty tears tearfully"??? (MC:221; this is "Qenya"; cf. cildo)

váya

sea

váya noun "sea" (considered as "waters, motion"). The wording of the source indicates that Tolkien only tentatively considered such a word (PE17:33)

vëa

sea

vëa (3) noun "sea" (MC:213, 214, 216; possibly obsoleted by #1 and #2 above, though some argue that the initial element of the late names Vëantur and Vëandur [q.v.] could be vëa #3 rather than #2 (it can hardly be #1) . In any case, the normal word for "sea" in LotR-style Quenya seems to be ëar.) Inflected vëan "sea" (MC:220), vëar "in sea" (a "Qenya" locative in -r, MC:213), vëassë "on sea" (MC:220). Cf. also vëaciryo.

ëar

sea

ëar noun "sea" (AYAR/AIR [gives also dat. sg. ëaren],WJ:413; see Letters:386 for etymology). Not to be confused with the pl. form of the verb ëa "be, exist". Pl. ëari "seas" (FS, LR:47); Eär "the Great Sea" (cf. ëaron "ocean"), ablative Eärello "from the Great Sea", et Eärello "out of the Great Sea" (EO). Eärë noun "the open sea" (SD:305). Compound ëaruilë noun "seaweed" (UY). Found in proper names like Eärendil "Sea-friend", Eärendur masc. name, *"Sea-servant"; in effect a variant of Eärendil(Appendix A). Eärendur was also used ="(professional) mariner" (Letters:386).Fem. name Eärwen "Sea-maiden" (Silm); Eärrámë "Sea-wing", "Wings of the Sea", name of Tuor's ship (RAM, AYAR/AIR, SA)

culmírë

noun. sardius, carneol [carnelian], (lit.) orange-jewel

A neologism for “sardius, carneol [carnelian]” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), a combination of √KUL “golden-red” and mírë “jewel”, so literally “orange-jewel”.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

fanorcarnë

noun. sardonyx

A neologism for “sardonyx” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), its second element appears to be carnë “red” but it is not clear what the first element is intended to be.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Curumo

cunning one

Curumo masc. name *"Cunning One", "Saruman" (UT:401)

hrávë

noun. flesh

A word for “flesh” appearing in documents from 1959, derived from primitive ✶srāwe based on the root √SRAW (MR/349-350).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had ᴱQ. hara or haranda “flesh-meat” (QL/39), also mentioned as hara(nda) “fleshmeat” in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/39). These early forms might have been a precursor to later hrávë. Another potential precursor is ᴱQ. sarko (sarku-) “flesh, living flesh, body” from the early root ᴱ√SṚKṚ “fat” (QL/86).

Quenya [MR/349; MR/350; MR/470; MR/471] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tengwë

indication, sign, token

tengwë (pl. tengwi attested) noun "indication, sign, token", in linguistics used for phonemes(VT39:7, WJ:394); hloníti tengwi "phonetic signs" (WJ:395). The term tengwë was particularly associated with consonants (VT39:16). In the Etymologies, stem TEK, tengwë is glossed "writing"; this gloss would seem to be obsolete (for this meaning the word sarmë occurs in Tolkien's later material).

torna

hard

#torna adj. "hard", as in tornanga (q.v.), seemingly -storna after prefixes ending in a vowel, as in the comparative forms aristorna, anastorna (PE17:56; the forms are untranslated and may not necessarily be the same adjective "hard".)

hröava

adjective. corporeal, bodily

A neologism coined by Paul Strack in 2022 specifically for Eldamo as a replacement for ᴱQ. sarkuva, it is simply an adjectival form of Q. hröa “body”.

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anar

noun. Sun

The most common Quenya name for the Sun derived from primitive ✶Anār, an augmented form of the root √NAR “fire” (Let/425; PE17/38; Ety/ANÁR; SD/302, 306).

Conceptual Development: This term appeared in Silmarillion drafts of the 1930s with the gloss “Heart of Flame” (LR/240) and as ᴹQ. Anar “sun” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above (Ety/ANÁR, NAR¹).

Quenya [Let/425; MC/222; MR/044; MRI/Anar; NM/280; NM/281; PE17/038; PE17/148; PE17/152; PE21/86; S/099; SA/nár; SI/Anar; UT/022; UTI/Anar; WJI/Anar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arafinwë

masculine name. *Noble Finwë

Father-name of Finarfin (PM/344) from which his Sindarin name was derived. It is a compound ar(a)- “high, noble” and the name of his father, Finwë.

Quenya [MR/230; MRI/Arafinwë; PE17/039; PE17/118; PM/344; PM/360; PMI/Finarfin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

amya-

verb. [unglossed]

arra

adjective. [unglossed]

cairë

?. [unglossed]

cemi

earth, soil, land

cemi noun "earth, soil, land"; Cémi ("k")"Mother Earth" (LT1:257; the "Qenya" word cemi would correspond to cemen in LotR-style Quenya)

conta-

verb. [unglossed]

cúma

noun. [unglossed]

felca

adjective. [unglossed]

felehta-

verb. [unglossed], *to excavate, tunnel, mine

An untranslated form appearing in Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 derived from the root √PHELEG/PHELEK (PE17/118), possibly a verb derived from ✱phelektā- or ✱phelegtā-. The derivatives of this root had to do with mines and tunnels, so perhaps this verb meant “✱to excavate, tunnel, mine”.

finca

noun. [unglossed]

hendas

?. [unglossed]

Quenya [PMCH/02; TMME/192] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hindo

noun. [unglossed]

hindë

noun. [unglossed]

holdë

noun. [unglossed]

hrávë

flesh

hrávë noun "flesh" (MR:349)

háro

?. [unglossed]

kemen

earth

kemen noun "earth"; see cemen.

lanya-

verb. to cross

lingi-

verb. [unglossed]

lára

grave

[lára (2) noun "grave" (VT45:8)]

maitya

?. [unglossed]

malsa

?. [unglossed]

mar

earth

mar (1) noun "earth" (world), also "home, dwelling, mansion". Stem mard- (VT46:13, PE17:64), also seen in the ablative Mardello "from earth" (FS); the word is used with a more limited sense in oromardi "high halls" (sg. oromar, PM17:64), referring to the dwellings of Manwë and Varda on Mt. Taniquetil (Nam, RGEO:66). The initial element of Mardorunando (q.v.) may be the genitive mardo (distinguish mardo "dweller"). May be more or less identical to már "home, house, dwelling" (of persons or peoples; in names like Val(i)mar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil) (SA:bar, VT45:33, VT47:6). Már is however unlikely to have the stem-form mard-; a "Qenya" genitive maren appears in the phrase hon-maren, q.v., suggesting that its stem is mar-. A possible convention could therefore be to use már (mar-) for "home, house" (also when = household, family as in Mardil, q.v.), whereas mar (mard-) is used for for "earth, world". Early "Qenya" has mar (mas-) "dwelling of men, the Earth, -land" (LT1:251); notice that in LotR-style Quenya, a word in -r cannot have a stem-form in -s-.

melya-

verb. [unglossed], *to be in love

naue

?. [unglossed]

on

stone

on, ondo noun "stone" (LT2:342, LT1:254 probably only ondo in LotR-style Quenya, see below). Various "Qenya" forms: ondoli "rocks" (MC:213; this would be a partitive plural in LotR-style Quenya), ondolin "rocks" (MC:220), ondoisen "upon rocks" (MC:221), ondolissen "rocks-on" (MC:214; the latter form, partitive plural locative, is still valid in LotR-style Quenya).

ondo

stone

ondo noun "stone" as a material, also "rock" (UT:459, GOND). Pl. ondor in an earlier variant of Markirya; partitive pl. locative ondolissë "on rocks" in the final version. Compounded in ondomaitar "sculptor in stone" (PE17:163), Ondoher masc.name, *"Stone-lord" (ondo alluding to Ondonórë = Sindarin Gondor, "stone-land") (Appendix A), #ondolunca ("k") "stonewain", possessive form in the place-name Nand Ondoluncava "Stonewain Valley" (PE17:28, also Ondoluncanan(do) as a compound). Ondolindë place-name "Gondolin" (SA:gond, J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 193); see Ondo. Earlier "Qenya" has Ondolinda _(changed from Ondolin) "singing stone, Gondolin" (LT1:254)_

sal-

verb. [unglossed]

solor

surf

solor noun "surf" (SOL); solor, solossë noun "surf, surge" (LT1:266)

solossë

surf, surge

solossë noun "surf, surge" (LT1:266); also solor

sorna

steadfast

sorna (þ) adj. "steadfast" (PE17:113)

sorna

adjective. steadfast

sélo

?. [unglossed]

sóla

?. [unglossed]

tengwa

letter

tengwa (pl. tengwar is attested) (1) noun "letter" Tengwa (ñ) is defined as "any one visible sign representing (theoretically) any one audible teñgwe" (phoneme) (VT39:17). In non-technical usage tengwa was equivalent to "consonant", since only the consonants were full signs (WJ:396, TEK). In the Etymologies, tengwa was apparently emended from tengwë (VT46:17).

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

tomba

noun. [unglossed]

tompë

noun. [unglossed], *pulse, beat

@@@ Neo-meaning “✱pulse, beat” suggested by Röandil on 2023-04-20

torna

adjective. hard

um(ba)-

prefix. [unglossed]

umbacarin

noun. [unglossed]

urda

hard, difficult, arduous

urda adj. "hard, difficult, arduous" (PE17:154)

uruitë

fiery

uruitë adj. "fiery" (UR; thisstem was struck out in Etym, but several words that must be derived from it occur in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it.)

uruvoitë

fiery

uruvoitë adj. "fiery" (LT1:271)

éna

?. [unglossed]

úpa-

verb. [unglossed]

úr(in)

proper name. Sun

A late remnant of earlier names for the Sun: ᴱQ. Ûr and ᴹQ. Úrin. In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, this name was changed from Úrin >> Naira >> Vása (MR/198), but the form Úr(in) occasionally appeared in some later writings (PE17/148, MR/377). This name was a derivative of the root √UR “heat, be hot” (PE17/148).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name was ᴱQ. Ûr, Ur or Úri “Sun”, but literally meaning “Fire” (LT1/187, QL/98). The name became ᴹQ. Úrin in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/240). It was rejected in The Etymologies along with the root form ᴹ√UR, but reappeared sometimes in later writing as noted above.

Quenya [MR/198; MR/377; MRI/Úr; PE17/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

úruva

fiery

úruva adj. "fiery" (from UR; this stem was struck out in Etym, but several words that must be derived from it occur in LotR, so it seems that Tolkien restored it. The word úruva also occurred in early "Qenya"; in LT1:271 it is glossed "like fire".)

þúna

?. [unglossed]

ʼondō

noun. stone

PQ. stone

Quenya [PE 19:70] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

amyára

noun. elder

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

paluhta

noun. table

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