Quenya 

nossë

clan, family, 'house'

nossë noun "clan, family, 'house' " (NŌ), "kindred, family" (PM:320), "kin, people" (LT1:250, LT1:272, LT2:338)

nos(së)

noun. kindred, family, kindred, family, [ᴹQ.] clan, ‘house’, [ᴱQ.] folk, kin, people

Quenya [PE17/111; PM/320] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nossetur

noun. patriarch, family head

A neologism for “patriarch” or “family head” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), a combination of nossë “family” and -tur “master”. Helge coined another neologism for “patriarch”, ᴺQ. atartur with initial element atar “father”, but I prefer nossetur.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

nórë

land

nórë noun "land" (associated with a particular people) (WJ:413), "country, land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live, race, clan" (NŌ, NDOR, BAL), also used = "race, tribe, people" (SA:dôr, PE17:169; however, the normal word for "people" is lië). Early "Qenya" hasnórë "native land, nation, family, country" (in compounds -nor) (LT1:272)

-ndor

land

-ndor, final element in compounds: "land" (Letters:308, UT:253)

alda

tree

alda noun "tree" (GALAD, GÁLAD, SA, Nam, RGEO:66, LR:41, SD:302, LT1:249, LT2:340, VT39:7), also name of tengwa #28 (Appendix E). Pl. aldar in Narqelion; gen. pl. aldaron "of trees" in Namárië. Etymology of alda, see Letters:426 and UT:266-7. The latter source states that primitive ¤galadā, whence Quenya alda, originally applied to stouter and more spreading trees such as oaks or beeches, while straighter and more slender trees such as birches were called ¤ornē, Quenya ornë - but this distinction was not always observed in Quenya, and it seems that alda became the general word. According to PE17:25, primitive galada (sic) referred to "a plant (large) and was a general term". Place-name Aldalómë ""tree-night" or "tree-shade-night" (LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in PE17:82); Aldarion masc. name, *"Son of (the) Trees" (Appendix A), Tar-Aldarion a Númenorean King (UT:210). Aldaron a name of Oromë (Silm); aldinga "tree-top" (VT47:28), aldarembina (pl. aldarembinë attested) adj. "tree-tangled", the cognate of Sindarin galadhremmin**(PM:17:26).Aldúya fourth day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Trees (Appendix D). The word seems to include Aldu, a dual form referring to the Two Trees. The Númenóreans altered the name to Aldëa (presumably < aldajā), referring to one tree (the White) only. The dual Aldu seems to occur also in Aldudénië** "Lament for the Two Trees" (a strange word, since Quenya does not permit intervocalic d as in this word perhaps the Vanyarin dialect of Quenya did) (Silm)

alda

noun. tree

Quenya [PE 22:116, 124; PE 22:160] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

alda

noun. tree, tree, [ᴱQ.] branch

The basic Quenya word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where ᴱQ. alda “tree” appeared under the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). Tolkien seems to have switched its derivation to ✱galadā in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where ᴹQ. alda “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD of the same meaning (Ety/GALAD). See also ornë “(tall) tree” for a discussion of another similar word.

Conceptual Development: There were a few instances where the word alda had a different meaning. In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, alda was glossed “branch” (PE16/139). In notes from 1959 Tolkien said “✱galadā, originally only large flourishing plant, as tree, and especially one that flowered, Q alda, S galað; the general word for ‘tree’ was Q orne ‘upstanding plant’ (PE17/153)”. But in its numerous appearance elsewhere, alda was simply a general word for “tree”.

Quenya [CPT/1296; CPT/1298; Let/426; LotR/0377; LotR/1113; LotR/1123; MR/100; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/063; PE17/126; PE17/135; PE17/136; PE17/153; PE22/160; RC/385; RGEO/58; RGEO/65; SA/alda; UT/167; VT39/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hos

folk

hos noun "folk" (LT2:340)

indo

house

indo (2) noun "house" (LT2:343), probably obsoleted by #1 above (in Tolkiens later Quenya, the word for "house" appears as coa).

nór

land

nór noun "land" (stem nor-, PE17:106) this is land as opposed to water and sea (nor in Letters:308). Cf. nórë.

nór

noun. land

A term for “land” as in “(dry) land as opposed to the sea”, mentioned in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/413) and again in notes from around 1968 (PE17/106-107).

Possible Etymology: In the Quendi and Eldar essay this term was derived from primitive ✶ndōro, but in the aforementioned 1968 notes Tolkien clarified that its stem form was nŏr-. This means it was probably derived from ancient ✱ndŏr-, where the long vowel in the uninflected form was inherited from the Common Eldarin subjective form ✱ndōr, a phenomenon also seen in words like nér (ner-) “man”. I prefer this second derivation, as it makes the independent word more distinct from the suffixal form -ndor or -nóre used in the names of countries.

Quenya [PE17/106; PE17/107; WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nóre

noun. land

Quenya [PE 22:116, 124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ornë

tree

ornë noun "tree" _(Letters:308, SD:302: "when smaller and more slender like a birch or rowan", Etym stem ÓR-NI: "tree, high isolated tree"). For the etymology, see Letters:426; for (original) difference in meaning between ornë and alda, see alda. In ornemalin "tree-yellow"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... (LotR2:III ch. 4; cf. Letters:308), also as final element in malinornë "yellow-tree, mallorn" (q.v.) Masc. name Ornendil *"Tree-friend" (Appendix A)_, compound Ornelië "tree-folk" (Quenya name of the Galadhrim, the tree-people of Lórien) (TI:239).

os

house, cottage

os (ost-) noun "house, cottage" (LT2:336; hardly valid in LotR-style Quenya writers may use coa or már)

rendolë

noun. cousinship

Noldorin 

noss

noun. clan, family, ‘house’

Noldorin [Ety/NŌ; EtyAC/SET] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nos

noun. kindred, family, clan

Noldorin [Ety/378, PM/320] Group: SINDICT. Published by

noss

noun. kindred, family, clan

Noldorin [Ety/378, PM/320] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nothlir

noun. family line (esp. as family tree, genealogical tree)

Noldorin [WR/234, WR/237, WR/309] nost, *noth + lîr "family line". Group: SINDICT. Published by

car

noun. house, building

Noldorin [Ety/362] Group: SINDICT. Published by

car(dh)

noun. house, house, *construction, structure

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing as car or carð with the gloss “house” under the root ᴹ√KAR “make, build, construct” (Ety/KAR). Its Quenya cognate ᴹQ. kar (kard-) was glossed “building, house”.

Neo-Sindarin: Given the meaning of its root, I would use cardh for any kind of building-like construction or structure for purposes of Neo-Sindarin. For an ordinary “house” where people live, I would use S. bâr.

cardh

noun. house, building

Noldorin [Ety/362] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

Noldorin [Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38, R] Group: SINDICT. Published by

galadh

noun. tree

Noldorin [Ety/357, S/427, LotR/E, LB/354, RGEO/73, Letters] Group: SINDICT. Published by

galadh

noun. tree

Noldorin [Ety/GALAD; LR/041; PE22/047; SD/302; TI/249] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gobel

noun. walled house or village, town

Noldorin [Ety/380] Group: SINDICT. Published by

orn

noun. (any large) tree

Noldorin [Ety/379, S/435, Letters/426] Group: SINDICT. Published by

orn

noun. tree

Noldorin [Ety/ÓR-NI; Ety/SMAL; EtyAC/NEL; EtyAC/ORO; LR/041; SD/302] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. line, way

Noldorin [Ety/391] Group: SINDICT. Published by

noun. line, row

Noldorin [Ety/392] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Sindarin 

nos(s)

noun. family, kindred, clan, house; race, tribe, people

Sindarin [PE17/169; PM/320; PM/360] Group: Eldamo. Published by

drúnos

noun. a family of the Drû-folk (q.v.)

Sindarin [UT/385] drû+nos(s). Group: SINDICT. Published by

noss

noun. kindred, family, clan

Sindarin [Ety/378, PM/320] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nost

noun. kindred, family, house

Sindarin [PM/360] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nost

noun. house, family

nothlir

noun. folk, family

nothrim

noun. kindred, family, house

The word was rejected in favor of nost , but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house"

Sindarin [Nothrim [> Nost] Finarfin PM/360] noss/nost + rim. Group: SINDICT. Published by

noss

family

noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (clan, house), also nost (pl. nyst) (house) (PM:360) or nothrim (house) with no distinct pl. form (PM:360). Also bâr (dwelling, house, home; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). The element appears in the forms -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

noss

family

(construct nos, pl. nyss) (clan, house), also nost (pl. nyst) (house) (PM:360) or nothrim (house) with no distinct pl. form (PM:360). Also bâr (dwelling, house, home; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). The element appears in the forms -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

nothlir

family tree

(family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

nothlir

family line

(family tree); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

nothlir

family line

nothlir (family tree); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

nothlir

family tree

nothlir (family line); no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath.

gwanos

noun. family, birth, heredity, *lineage

drúnos

family of the drû-folk

(i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath. See

nothlir

family line, family tree

(no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath)

nothlir

family line, family tree

nothlir (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. nothliriath) Û-

bâr

house

bâr (dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

house

(dwelling, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

land

(dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

dôr

land

1) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413), 2) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

noss

house

(family) 1) noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan), 2) nost (pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360), 3) nothrim (family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

noss

house

(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, clan)

noss

clan

noss (construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, house)

noss

clan

(construct nos, pl. nyss) (family, house)

nost

house

(pl. nyst) (family) (PM:360)

nothrim

house

(family); no distinct pl. form (PM:360)

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

Sindarin [Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38, R] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dôr

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

Sindarin [Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38, R] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dôr

noun. land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land

Sindarin [Let/417; Let/427; MR/200; PE17/133; PE17/164; PE23/139; RC/384; S/121; S/188; SA/dôr; SI/Doriath; UT/245; UTI/Doriath; WJ/192; WJ/370; WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galadh

noun. tree

Sindarin [Ety/357, S/427, LotR/E, LB/354, RGEO/73, Letters] Group: SINDICT. Published by

galadh

tree

_n. Bot._tree, like oak (nordh) and beech. A galadh was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:25:50] < *_galadā _a large plant (general term), tree < GALA grow like plants. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

galadh

tree

{ð} n. tree. In Sindarin, there was no much distinction in size between galað and orn. A galað was more thick, dense and branching than a orn. Birch, ash and oak are of the orn kind. Q. alda. >> orn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:25:136] < *_galaða_ < *_galadā_ < GAL to grow (like a plant). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

galadh

noun. tree

The basic Sindarin word for “tree” (LotR/1113), derived from primitive ✶galadā and very well attested. This word dates back at least to The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. galadh “tree” appeared under the root ᴹ√GALAD (Ety/GALAD). See also orn “(tall) tree” of similar meaning.

Conceptual Development: Gnomish of the 1910s had some earlier version of this “tree” word: G. galdon >> alwen “tree” in the Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin (PE15/24) and archaic/poetic G. †alwen “tree” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/19), the latter probably from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” that was the basis for ᴱQ. alda “tree” (QL/29).

Sindarin [LB/354; Let/426; LotR/1113; MR/182; MR/470; NM/349; NM/352; PE17/025; PE17/050; PE17/060; PE17/063; PE17/097; PE17/136; PE17/153; PE23/136; PE23/139; RGEO/65; SA/alda; SA/kal; UT/267] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lebethron

noun. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor

In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)

Sindarin [LotR/IV:VII, LotR/VI:V, WR/176] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lîr

noun. line, line, [N.] row

malhorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

Sindarin [S/435, LotR/II:IV, VT/42:27, Tengwestie/20031207] malt+orn "tree of gold". Group: SINDICT. Published by

mallorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

Sindarin [S/435, LotR/II:IV, VT/42:27, Tengwestie/20031207] malt+orn "tree of gold". Group: SINDICT. Published by

malthorn

noun. golden tree of Lothlórien

Sindarin [S/435, LotR/II:IV, VT/42:27, Tengwestie/20031207] malt+orn "tree of gold". Group: SINDICT. Published by

orn

noun. (any large) tree

Sindarin [Ety/379, S/435, Letters/426] Group: SINDICT. Published by

oron

noun. tree

n. Bot. tree. Also in compound -(o)rŏnō. >> orn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:89] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

sennas

noun. guesthouse

Sindarin [RC/523] "resting place", from *send, *senn (SED) ?. Group: SINDICT. Published by

adab

house

(building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb.

car

house

(building, dwelling-place) 1) car or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity. 2) adab (building), pl. edaib. In ”Noldorin”, the plural was edeb. 3)

car

house

or cardh (i gar[dh], o char[dh]) (building), pl. cerdh (i cherdh) or cair (i chair). Note: cardh also means "deed, feat". Therefore, the form car may be preferred for clarity.

dornhoth

thrawn folk

(WJ:388, 408)

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath. See WILD MAN.

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath.

dôr

land

(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413)

falas

line of surf

(pl. felais) (beach, shore, coast, strand, foaming shore; the word was especially used of the western seaboard of Beleriand). *(VT42:15)*****

galadh

tree

1) galadh (i **aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302). 2) orn (pl. yrn**). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

galadh

tree

(i ’aladh), pl. gelaid (i ngelaidh = i ñelaidh) (Letters:426, SD:302).

galadhon

of or related to trees

(lenited ‘aladhon, pl. galadhoen). Archaic ✱galadhaun. The latter is based on David Salo’s analysis of the name Caras Galadhon; others have interpreted the last word as some kind of genitive plural, maybe influenced by Silvan Elvish.

galadhrim

people of the trees

(Elves of Lórien). Adj.

gobel

village

(i ’obel) (enclosed dwelling, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. ✱göbil.

huorn

walking tree of fangorn

(i chuorn, o chuorn), pl. huyrn (i chuyrn).

lebethron

oak tree

.

lîr

line

1) lîr (row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath. 2) (i dê, o thê) (way), pl. (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath, 3) (i dî, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thî), coll. pl. tíath.

lîr

line

(row), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. líriath.

nand

wide grassland

(construct nan) (valley), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36);

orn

tree

(pl. yrn). Note: a homophone means ”tall”.

parth

enclosed grassland

(i barth, o pharth) (field, sward), pl. perth (i pherth);

sennas

guesthouse

(i hennas), pl. sennais (i sennais), coll. pl. sennassath (RC:523)

taeg

boundary line

(i daeg, o thaeg) (limit, boundary), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thaeg).

tilias

line of peaks

(i** dilias, o thilias), pl. tiliais (i** thiliais), coll. pl. tiliassath.

toss

low-growing tree

(i** doss, o thoss, construct tos), pl. tyss (i** thyss). Tolkien mentioned ”maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.” as examples of the low-growing trees covered by this word. Specific trees, see

line

(i dê, o thê) (way), pl. (i thî), coll. pl. ?teath

line

(i**, o thî) (row), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thî), coll. pl. tíath.

Primitive elvish

ndorē

noun. land

Primitive elvish [Let/384; PE17/106; PE17/107; PE17/164; PE19/076; SA/dôr; VT42/04; WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ndōro

noun. land

Primitive elvish [WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

teg

root. line

Tolkien used a number of similar roots as the basis for “line” words throughout his life. The earliest of these appeared in the Qenya Lexicon as ᴱ√TEHE [teχe] “pull” (gloss marked with a “?” by Tolkien) with derivatives like ᴱQ. tea “straight”, ᴱQ. telya “attractive; importunate”, and ᴱQ. tie “line, direction, route, road” (QL/90), the last of these surviving more or less unchanged all the way into the published version of The Lord of the Rings (LotR/377). The early root ᴱ√TEHE also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. “mark, line; track; path”, G. or tion “straight”, and G. tîr “honest; esteem, regard, honour”, originally “straight, upright” (GL/69, 71). Primitive ᴱ✶tegna > ᴱQ. tína/ᴱN. tain “straight” from Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s may represent a shift in the form of the root to ✱ᴱ√TEGE (PE13/153, 165).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root appeared as {ᴹ√TEƷ >>} ᴹ√TEÑ “line, direction” with derivatives like ᴹQ. tie/N. “line, way” and ᴹQ. téra/N. tîr “straight, right” (Ety/TEƷ, TEÑ). In the Outline of Phonology Tolkien gave √TEG “line”, whereas √TEÑ was given as the basis for Q. tenna “a thought, notion, idea” and thus clearly with a different meaning; see the entry √TEÑ for further discussion. In any case it is clear that Tolkien considered various ancient velar consonants for the second consonant of this root, all ultimately vanishing in the child languages with similar vocalic effects: 1910s teχ-, 1920s teg-, 1930s {teʒ- >>} teñ- and 1950s teg-.

Primitive elvish [PE19/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Nandorin 

galad

noun. tree

Nandorin [MR/182; PE17/050; PE17/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dóri-

noun. land

Isolated from Lindórinan. The independent form of the word may differ; it is unclear where the i of the compound Lindórinan comes from. In the Etymologies, the Eldarin words for "land" are derived from a stem NDOR "dwell, stay, rest, abide" (LR:376).

No Nandorin word is there listed, but Sindarin dor is derived from primitive ndorê. Notice, however, that Tolkien many years later derived the Eldarin words for "land" from a stem DORO "dried up, hard, unyielding" (WJ:413). However, this later source does confirm that the Primitive Quendian form was ndorê, now thought to be formed by initial enrichment d > nd. This is defined as "the hard, dry land as opposed to water or bog", later developing the meaning "land in general as opposed to sea", and finally also "a land" as a particular region, "with more or less defined bounds".

Whether dóri- actually comes from ndorê is highly doubtful (this would rather yield *dora in Nandorin), but it must be derived from the same set of stems.

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger (LR:376, WJ:413)] < Lindórinan. Published by

galad

noun. tree

Nandorin [PE17/50] < galadā. Published by

galad

noun. tree

Derived from galadâ "great growth", "tree", applied to stout and spreading trees such as oaks and beeches (UT:266, Letters:426; in the latter source, the root GAL is defined as "grow", intransitive). It is interesting to notice that this word, given in a source much later than the Etymologies that provides most of the Nandorin material, nonetheless agrees well with the older words cited by Tolkien: again we see the loss of original final , whereas original post-vocalic d is unchanged as in the word edel.

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger (Letters:426, MR:182, UT:266)] < GAL. Published by

Black Speech

-hai

suffix. folk

Adûnaic

lâi

collective noun. folk

A noun appearing only as an element in kadar-lâi “city folk” (SD/435). It may be related to Q. lië “people”, as suggested by various authors (AAD/18, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/LAI). In at least one Avari dialect, this word was lai (WJ/410).

thâni

noun. land

A noun translated “land” (SD/435) appearing in the Adûnaic names for the Blessed Realm: Amatthâni and thâni’nAmân. Its Primitive Adûnaic form was also ✶thāni, though its primitive was glossed “realm" (SD/420).

zadan

noun. house

A noun translated “house” and fully declined as an example of a Strong I noun (SD/430).

zâyan

noun. land

An Adûnaic word for “land” (SD/423). It has an irregular plural form zâin which is the result of the phonetic change (SD/423): [[pad|medial [w] and [j] vanished before [u] and [i]]]. Thus, the archaic plural changed from †zâyîn > zâîn > zâin.

Conceptual Development: In earlier names this word appeared as zen (SD/378, 385).

Adûnaic [SD/423; SD/429; SD/435] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Telerin 

cava

noun. house

galada

noun. tree

galla

noun. tree

Telerin [VT39/07; VT39/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

gwarin(n)

noun. family

The word G. {gwaren >>} gwarin(n) “family” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶ŋuarenđā (GL/44). It was a combination of G. gwa- “together” and G. renni “family” (GL/65), but it is not clear why the e became i in the compound.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would adapt this word as ᴺS. gwaren as a combination of later prefix gwa- “together” and the Neo-Root ᴺ√RE(N)D “kin”. Furthermore, I would use it specifically for a nuclear family (just the parents and children), as opposed to S. nos(s) which seems to refer to an extended family or clan.

Gnomish [GL/44; GL/65] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eithlos

noun. family

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips of the 1910s glossed “family, etc.” of unclear derivation, though it may be related to G. eithog “ancestor, †father, sire” (PE13/113).

renni

noun. family

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “a family”, derived from the early root ᴱ√redh- having to do with kin (GL/65).

gwaren

noun. family

gwanos

noun. family, birth, heredity

A noun appearing as G. gwanos “family, birth, heredity” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. gwa- “together” and G. nôs “birth” (GL/44), hence probably originally something like “✱totality of births”.

Neo-Sindarin: I think ᴺS. gwanos can be retained in Neo-Sindarin as a combination of S. go- “together” and S. nos(s) “kindred”, especially in reference to one’s lineage.

Gnomish [GG/08; GL/44; GL/61] Group: Eldamo. Published by

grendi

noun. cousinship, family (in a wide sense)

Gnomish [GL/42; GL/65] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nothri

noun. family, kinship

alwen

noun. tree

Gnomish [GL/19; LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin; LT2A/Galdor; PE13/109; PE15/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

baur

noun. house

galdon

noun. tree

Gnomish [LT2/215; LT2A/Duilin; LT2A/Galdor; PE13/104; PE15/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orn

noun. tree

Gnomish [GL/19; GL/42; GL/62; LT2A/Galdor; LT2A/Hirilorn; PE13/109; PE13/115; PE13/116] Group: Eldamo. Published by

redhos

noun. land

Early Quenya

soresta

noun. family

The word ᴱQ. soresta “family” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a combination of ᴱQ. so- “together” and ᴱQ. resta “kin” (QL/85).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. orendë as a combination of later prefix Q. o- “together” and ᴺQ. rendë “kin”. Furthermore, I would use it specifically for a nuclear family (just the parents and children), as opposed to Q. nossë which seems to refer to an extended family or clan.

Early Quenya [QL/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hilmi

collective noun. family, offspring

The word ᴱQ. hilmi “family, offspring” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√HILI (QL/39). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, the word hilmie was given as the Qenya cognate of G. hilm “posterity, one’s descendants, progeny, offspring” (GL/49).

Neo-Quenya: I would adapt this word into Neo-Quenya as singular ᴺQ. hilmë “offspring, ✱descendant”, and use plural hilmi to refer to the entirety of one’s extended family, including all descendants. Among the Elves, the original ancestor would still be alive and able to interact with their descendants of all generations, so this would be a living rather than historical relationship.

Early Quenya [GL/49; QL/040] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ettele

noun. family, kindred (in the wide sense)

Early Quenya [PME/036; QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nóre

noun. (native) land, nation, family, country

Early Quenya [LT1A/Nori Landar; LT1A/Valinor; PE13/161; PE14/045; PE14/075; PE15/22; PE16/139; PME/066; PME/067; QL/066; QL/067] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ettarendi

noun. cousinship

A noun for “cousinship” in the Qenya Lexicon based on ᴱQ. etta “cousin” with variants ettarendi and ettaresta (QL/36). The second element of these words is ᴱQ. rendi or ᴱQ. resta “kinship, kin, kindred, clan” (QL/79).

Early Quenya [QL/036] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ettaresta

noun. cousinship

hosta

noun. folk

indo

noun. house

A word for “house” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√IŘI [IÐI] “dwell” (QL/43). It also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43).

Early Quenya [LT2A/Idril; PE16/132; PME/043; QL/042; QL/043] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orme

noun. tree

orne

noun. tree

Early Quenya [PE13/164; PE16/080; PE16/139] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rendole

noun. cousinship

A word appearing as ᴱQ. rendole “cousinship” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, an abstract noun formation from ᴱQ. rendo “cousin” (QL/79).

Neo-Quenya: I would retain this word as ᴺQ. rendolë, an elaboration of ᴺQ. rendo “male cousin” from the Neo-Root ᴺ√RE(N)D.

Early Quenya [QL/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

ŋuarenđā

noun. family

Early Primitive Elvish [GL/44] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ornĕ

noun. tree

Early Primitive Elvish [PE13/116; PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sōđā

noun. house

Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/021; QL/081] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

nosse

noun. clan, family, ‘house’

alda

noun. tree

Qenya [Ety/GALAD; LR/041; PE22/021; PE22/022; PE22/047; PE22/051; PE22/116; PE22/124; PE22/125; PE23/083; SD/302; TMME/182] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Edain

nothlir

noun. folk, family

Edain [WJ/234; WJ/237; WJ/309] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

bâr

noun. house

Early Noldorin [PE13/120; PE13/122; PE13/128; PE13/138; PE13/156] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orn

noun. tree

Early Noldorin [PE13/151; PE13/164] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. line

Early Noldorin [PE13/121; PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

dôr

noun. land

A Doriathrin noun for “land” (EtyAC/NDOR) apparently from primitive ᴹ✶ndorē (Ety/NDOR). If its primitive form indeed had a short [o], then this word may be an example of how short vowels sometimes lengthened in monosyllables in Ilkorin.

Doriathrin [Ety/THŌN; EtyAC/NDOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gald

noun. tree

A Doriathrin noun for “tree” derived from the root ᴹ√GÁLAD (Ety/GALAD), probably from a primitive form ✱✶galadā with the second a lost due to the Ilkorin Syncope. Note that the first element [[ilk|[gal-] did not reduce to [gl-]]] because the initial syllable was stressed in the primitive word.

Doriathrin [Ety/GALAD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orn

noun. tree

A Doriathrin noun for “tree” derived from the root ᴹ√ÓR-NI or ᴹ√ÓRON (Ety/ÓR-NI, EtyAC/NEL). According Tolkien, it was “in Doriath used especially of beech, but as a suffix [it was] used of any tree of any size” (Ety/ÓR-NI). The root ᴹ√ÓR-NI in The Etymologies suggests a primitive form of ᴹ✶ornĭ, but elsewhere Tolkien indicated the primitive form was ᴹ✶ornē (e.g. on SD/302). Both primitive forms would have produced Ilk. orn, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/orn).

Doriathrin [Ety/NEL; Ety/ÓR-NI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

galad

root. tree

The basis for Elvish “tree” words, this root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as an extension of ᴹ√GALA “thrive” (Ety/GALAD). This replaced the earliest derivation of “tree” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where the Qenya word for “tree” ᴱQ. alda was derived from ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). In The Etymologies, the Quenya form of this word remained the same, but the 1910s Gnomish words G. âl “wood” and †alwen “tree” (GL/19) became the 1930s Noldorin word N. galadh “tree” (Ety/GALA). Quenya and Sindarin retained these words for “tree” thereafter, and while Tolkien did not mention the root √GALAD again, his continued use of primitive ✶galadā “tree” (Let/426; PE17/153; PE21/74; UT/266) made it clear this root remained valid.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BERÉTH; Ety/GALA; Ety/GALAD; Ety/NEL; EtyAC/GALAD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galadā

noun. tree

Middle Primitive Elvish [SD/302] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. land

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/38] Group: Eldamo. Published by