caia-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• √KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell”

a

preposition. [unglossed]

Variations

• a ✧ PE21/03

alama

noun. [unglossed]

amaldume

noun. [unglossed]

anaristya

noun. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
Anar	“Sun”
istya	“knowledge”

assa

pronoun. [unglossed]

asse

pronoun. [unglossed]

asso

pronoun. [unglossed]

engwa

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶eñma ✧ PE19/047

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶eñ-ma > eñwa > eñgwa	[eŋma] > [eŋgwā]	✧ PE19/047

Variations

• eñgwa ✧ PE19/047
• ḗma ✧ PE19/047

ente

pronoun. [unglossed]

ento

pronoun. [unglossed]

ereáma

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• ĕrĕāma ✧ PE22/018

es

[unglossed]

hyelma

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) > hyelma	[kʰjelma] > [xjelma] > [j̊elma]	✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)

kaltua

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶kaltwa “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/048

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶kalt-wa > kaltua	[kaltwa] > [kaltua]	✧ PE19/048

kanda

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶kandā “bold” ✧ PE19/060; PE19/060
  • ᴹ√KAN “dare” ✧ Ety/KAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶kándāvā̀ > kandava	[kandāwā] > [kandawā] > [kandawa] > [kandava]	✧ PE19/060
ᴹ✶kandālī́nen > kandalīnen	[kandālīnen] > [kandalīnen]	✧ PE19/060

karpalimaite

noun. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
karpalimā

Variations

• kà¹rpalimái²te ✧ PE19/058

laqe[t]-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
lá	“no, not”
qet-	“to say”

Variations

• laqe[t] ✧ EtyAC/LA (laqe[t])

lau(w)e

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶dagwe ✧ PE19/046

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶dagwe > lau(w)e	[dagwe] > [lagwe] > [laɣwe] > [lauwe] > [laue]	✧ PE19/046

mahtya

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• maitya ✧ PE19/042 (maitya)
• maštša ✧ PE19/042 (Lin. maštša)

mai(y)a

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶magyā ✧ PE19/046; PE19/062
  • ᴹ√MAG “use, handle”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶magyā > mai(y)a	[magjā] > [maɣjā] > [maijā] > [maija] > [maia]	✧ PE19/046
ᴹ✶māya > mā̆iya > maia	[māja] > [maija] > [maia]	✧ PE19/062

Variations

• maia ✧ PE19/062
• maiya ✧ PE19/062

maldo

noun. [unglossed]

nandakka-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ PE22/112

Elements

Word	Gloss
nak-	“to kill, slay; to hate”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NDAK- > nandakka-	[ndandakka-] > [nandakka-]	✧ PE22/112

nerno

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom”

niule

?. [unglossed]

olta-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶auluta- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/058

Variations

• olta ✧ PE19/058

rampa

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√RAP “climb (as a tree by clinging[?])” ✧ PE22/127

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√RAP² > rampa	[rampa]	✧ PE22/127

sahte

noun. [unglossed]

sarya

noun. [unglossed]

sisíria-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
sirya-	“to flow [smoothly]”

Variations

• sisíria ✧ PE22/115 (sisíria)

séra

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶stegrā ✧ PE19/046

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶stegrā > thḗra	[stegrā] > [θegrā] > [θeɣrā] > [θērā] > [θēra] > [sēra]	✧ PE19/046

Variations

• thḗra ✧ PE19/046

sóla

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶soglā ✧ PE19/046

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶soglā > sóla	[soglā] > [soɣlā] > [sōlā] > [sōla]	✧ PE19/046

tante

noun. [unglossed]

tatalta-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
talta-	“to slip (down), fall, slide down, slope”

Variations

• tatalta ✧ PE22/115 (tatalta)

teuka

?. [unglossed]

thar-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√STAR “stiff” ✧ PE22/112

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√STAR > thare	[star-] > [θar-]	✧ PE22/112

timpana

noun. [unglossed]

toina

adjective. [unglossed]

toróma

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ✶torōmā “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶torṓmā > toróma	[torōmā] > [torōma]	✧ PE19/059
ᴹ✶torṓmànna > torō̆mánna > torománna	[torōmanna] > [toromanna]	✧ PE19/059

tyue

noun. [unglossed]

varinye

noun. [unglossed]

yelme

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴹ√YEL “friend” ✧ Ety/YEL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√YEL > yelme	[jelme]	✧ Ety/YEL

Variations

• yelme ✧ Ety/YEL (yelme)

éma

?. [unglossed]

bay

root. [unglossed]

Variations

• BAYA ✧ EtyAC/WAY (BAYA)

khop

root. *harbour, bay

Tolkien used a number of similar roots for “bay” but their exact form varied over his life. The earliest form was ᴱ√KOPO “keep, guard?” (the question mark is Tolkien’s) from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the derivative ᴱQ. kópa “harbour” (QL/47). This root and its Qenya derivative were linked to words like G. gob “hollow of hand” and G. gobos “haven” in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/40). Given these Gnomish forms it is likely the true root was ✱ᴱ√GOPO since initial g- became k- in Early Qenya. In Early Noldorin word lists from the 1920s, however, the related word became ᴱN. cú “bay, cove” < ᴱ✶kópa (PE13/141).

The root ᴹ√KOP appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but Tolkien seems to have abandoned it in favor of ᴹ√KHOP, changing ᴹQ. kópa “harbour, bay” to ᴹQ. hópa/N. hûb “haven, harbour, small landlocked bay” (Ety/KHOP, KOP). In draft maps for Gondor from the 1940s, however, Tolkien gave N. Cobas “Haven” (TI/312, WR/434). Finally, in notes from the late 1960s Tolkien had S. côf “bay” in Côf Belfalas, the Sindarin name for the “Bay of Belfalas”, though the paragraph where it appeared was struck through (VT42/15). As suggested by Carl Hostetter, côf was probably derived from a variant of earlier ᴹ√KOP (VT42/29 note #36), perhaps ✱√KOB.

Thus it seems the conceptual evolution of this root was 1910s ✱ᴱ√GOPO >> 1920s ᴱ√KOPO >> 1930s ᴹ√KHOP >> 1940s ✱ᴹ√KOP >> 1960s ✱√KOB. Given Tolkien’s extreme vacillations on the form of this root, it is probably best avoided for purposes of Neo-Eldarin, but if you do use it I recommend sticking with the derivatives of 1930s ᴹ√KHOP, since those are likely most recognizable to readers of Elvish.

Changes

• KOP → KHOP ✧ Ety/KOP

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. hópa “haven, harbour, small landlocked bay” ✧ Ety/KHOP; Ety/KOP
• N. hûb “haven, harbour, small landlocked bay” ✧ Ety/KHOP
• N. Cobas “Haven”
• N. hobas “harbourage” ✧ Ety/KHOP

Variations

• KOP ✧ Ety/KHOP; Ety/KOP (KOP)

khug

root. bark, bay

This root was the basis for several “dog” words, most notably S. (or Q.) Huan “Hound”, a name Tolkien used throughout his life. Its earliest precursor was the root ᴱ√SAẆA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, which had the derivative ᴱQ. fan (fand-) “dog”. In the somewhat earlier Qenya Phonology, Tolkien had ᴱQ. hwan >> huan >> fan, reflecting conceptual shifts in the phonetic development of initial sẉ- in Qenya (PE12/26 note #149). In the contemporaneous Gnomish lexicon the words G. hû “dog” and G. saur “hound, wild dog” seem to be derived from this same root (GL/49, 67). The Early Noldorin word ᴱN. fan(d) “dog” in word lists of the 1920s is probably of similar origin (PE13/143).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s, Tolkien derived N. Huan and a number of other dog-words, first from an (unglossed) extended root ᴹ√KHUGAN, and then from ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). In their Reader’s Companion to the Lord of the Rings, Wayne Hammond and Christina Scull said:

> The first element of Huorn could be derived from the base KHUG- “bark, bay”, which appears to be supported by unpublished etymological notes by Tolkien (RC/425).

Hammond and Scull did not further describe these notes so we don’t know whether it actually contained √KHUG, but I think it is likely that these “unpublished notes” refer to the etymology of Huorn on PE17/86, which does not contain √KHUG but does have Q. hú “hound” (the word’s gloss is unclear and might be “heart” according to Christopher Gilson).

Changes

• KHUGAN → KHUG ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivatives

• ᴹ✶khugan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
  • ᴹQ. huan “hound, hound, [ᴱQ.] dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
  • N. huan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
• Q. hú “hound (or ?heart)”
• ᴹQ. huan “hound, hound, [ᴱQ.] dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
• ᴺQ. húni “bitch, *female dog”
• ᴹQ. huo “dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
• N. hû “dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
• N. Huan “hound” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN
• S. huan “great dog, hound”
• ᴺS. huar “hound, wild dog, wild dog”
• ᴺS. huil “bitch, *female dog”

Element in

• ᴺQ. huar “wild dog, jackal”
• S. huorn “?spirit tree” ✧ RC/425

Variations

• KHUGAN ✧ Ety/KHUGAN (KHUGAN)

auluta-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. olta- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/058

Variations

• áuluta- ✧ PE19/058

iw

root. [unglossed], [ᴱ√] *fish

kaltwa

?. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. kaltua “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/048

Variations

• kalt-wa ✧ PE19/048

khlip

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in a rejected paragraph from the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/112 note #78).

kōmā

noun. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. kóma “*ball” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059

Variations

• kṓmā ✧ PE19/059

maiga

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root appearing in the first version of Tengwesta Qenderinwa from the 1930s (TQ1) to illustrate certain patterns of root formation (PE18/66). It may have serving as the basis for ᴹQ. Maia, though this word was given different derivations later.

Variations

• maiga ✧ PE18/066

phan

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/PHAN).

skil

root. [unglossed]

A root mentioned in passing in as a variant of ᴹ√KIL “divide” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, but it had no derivatives and appeared nowhere else (Ety/KIL).

stin

root. [unglossed]

stā

root. [unglossed]

A deleted root reference in The Etymologies apparently serving as the basis for the verbal action suffix ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” in ᴹ✶khau̯-stā “rest-ing” (Ety/KHAW; EtyAC/KHAW). See the entry on ✶-stā for further discussion.

Derivatives

• ᴹ✶-stā “-ing” ✧ EtyAC/KHAW

torōmā

noun. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. toróma “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059

Variations

• torṓmā ✧ PE19/059

uruk

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/URUK).

us

root. [unglossed]

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with no glosses or derivatives and no clear function (EtyAC/US).

gobos

noun. haven

Cognates

• Eq. kópa “harbour, haven, bay” ✧ GL/40; LT1A/Kópas

Derivations

• ᴱ√KOPO “keep, guard‽” ✧ LT1A/Kópas

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√KOPO > gobos	[gopas] > [gopos] > [gobos]	✧ LT1A/Kópas

beb

adverb. [unglossed]

Element in

• G. (be)bilfir “conscience” ✧ GL/22

brid-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√VṚTṚ “*change”

Element in

• G. bridol “changing, varying, variable”

clidhron

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

• Eq. qilde “quiet, rest, hush” ✧ GL/23

Derivations

• ᴱ√QḶÐḶ “*quiet” ✧ GL/23

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√qḷd > clidhron	[kwḷðron] > [kḷðron] > [kliðron]	✧ GL/23

climbol

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√TELE “cover in; close; finish”

Element in

• G. Thlim Climbol ✧ PE13/104

Variations

• Climbol ✧ PE13/104

dâf

noun. bark

dôn

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√ÐANA “day”

fî

noun. [unglossed]

gatha

?. [unglossed]

@@@ form does not appear elsewhere and similar forms are not relevant

pad

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√PATA “*rap, tap” ✧ GL/63

padhwen

noun. bark

A noun for “bark” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/63), apparently based on the early root ᴱ√PARA [PAÐA?] which might mean “peel” (QL/72).

Derivations

• ᴱ√PARA “*peel”

praust

noun. [unglossed]

prog

noun. [unglossed]

rab-

verb. [unglossed]

rô

noun. [unglossed]

Variations

• rô ✧ GG/14 (rô)

sind

noun. [unglossed]

sinthi

pronoun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√SI(N) “this here by me” ✧ GL/68

thail

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

• Eq. saile “[unglossed]” ✧ GL/72

thel

noun. [unglossed]

thelg

noun. [unglossed]

thil

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√SILI “*gleam”

thion

noun. [unglossed]

thrim

?. [unglossed]

thû-

verb. [unglossed]

trum

?. [unglossed]

tûn

noun. [unglossed]

ulthanc

noun. [unglossed]

umeg

?. [unglossed]

’ôs

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√OSO “*enclosure” ✧ QL/041

cû

noun. bay, cove

Derivations

• ᴱ✶kópa ✧ PE13/141
  • ᴱ√KOPO “keep, guard‽”

Variations

• cú ✧ PE13/141

ai-

prefix. [unglossed]

bailchir

noun. [unglossed]

Element in

• En. tha i·’lathros an i bailchir beleg {thain} ✧ PE13/128

bhraig

?. [unglossed]

A set of unglossed forms written next to ᴱN. braith (also unglossed) in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), their meaning and etymology are unclear.

Variations

• bhreigros ✧ PE13/139
• bhregint ✧ PE13/139

bhregint

?. [unglossed]

bhreigros

?. [unglossed]

blaithrod

?. [unglossed]

braith

?. [unglossed]

A verb appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as G. braitha- “wrap, swathe” based on G. brach “a shawl, plaid, wrap” (GL/23). The form ᴱN. braith also appeared in Early Noldorin word lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), but it was unglossed and whether it was related is unclear.

Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain ᴺS. brach “shawl, wrap”, I’d also keep this Gnomish verb as a derivative of the Neo-Root ᴺ√BARAK “wrap”, but updated to ᴺS. braetha- “to wrap, swathe” since ai became ae in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s.

Element in

• En. braithgair “[unglossed]” ✧ PE13/139

braithgair

noun. [unglossed]

cai

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• En. caiad “[unglossed]” ✧ PE13/140
• En. ciann “[unglossed]” ✧ PE13/140

caiad

?. [unglossed]

celin

?. [unglossed]

ciann

?. [unglossed]

delin

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• En. Delin

ei-

prefix. [unglossed]

Variations

• ai- ✧ PE13/161

farn

?. [unglossed]

fedhui

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√FEDE “*law, bond”

Element in

• En. difedhui “?outlaw” ✧ PE13/142
• En. glaithfedhui “[unglossed]”

flair

?. [unglossed]

flaith

?. [unglossed]

floth

?. [unglossed]

fraith

?. [unglossed]

geryd

?. [unglossed]

glaith

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• En. glaithfedhui “[unglossed]” ✧ PE13/144

glaithfedhui

?. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
glaith	“[unglossed]”
fedhui	“[unglossed]”

glewin

?. [unglossed]

glich

?. [unglossed]

gwath

noun. bark

gû

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• gú ✧ PE13/145

harn

?. [unglossed]

hî

adjective. [unglossed]

isteth

?. [unglossed]

laus

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ✶lopse “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64

leus

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ✶lepse “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64

lhuaith

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• luaith ✧ PE15/62

lhû

noun. [unglossed]

Variations

• lhú ✧ PE13/149

luaith

?. [unglossed]

nelyn

?. [unglossed]

pap-

verb. [unglossed]

Cognates

• Eq. qapa- “to chaffer, bargain, swap, barter” ✧ PE13/132

Derivations

• ᴱ√QAPA “chaffer”

Element in

• En. gobab- “to shake” ✧ PE13/132

Variations

• pap ✧ PE13/132

pethil

noun. [unglossed]

Element in

• En. Taingwethil ✧ PE13/152

Variations

• Pethil ✧ PE13/152

raith

noun. [unglossed], [G.] extent, reach; region, sphere, district, scope

scarn

?. [unglossed]

stroth

?. [unglossed]

tharn

?. [unglossed]

thesg

?. [unglossed]

thrand

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• thrann ✧ PE13/154

thrann

?. [unglossed]

tû

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• tú ✧ PE13/154

-yǝ

suffix. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. enye- “to think out, plan, devise” ✧ QL/035
• Eq. enya “device, method, trick; machine, engine” ✧ QL/035
• Eq. inye- “to imitate, make like”

Variations

• Yǝ ✧ QL/035

lepse

?. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• En. leus “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64

lopse

?. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• En. laus “[unglossed]” ✧ PE15/64

saw̯a

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/82), which may have reemerged as √SAWA “disgusting, foul, vile” in notes from the 1950s (PE17/172, 183).

Derivatives

• Eq. sauke “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/082

sivi

root. [unglossed]

Unglossed roots in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variants ᴱ√SIVI and ᴱ√SIWI and a single unglossed derivative ᴱQ. sivilda (QL/84). It is difficult to guess what Tolkien intended for these forms to mean, though they conceivably reemerged as the later roots ᴹ√SIW “excite, egg on, urge” (Ety/SIW) or √SIB “rest, quiet” (VT44/35).

Derivatives

• Eq. sivilda “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/084

Variations

• SIWI ✧ QL/084

teled-

noun. [unglossed]

Derivatives

• Eq. Teler “little elf” ✧ PE13/154
• En. Tiledh “Sea-elf” ✧ PE13/154

tołᵂo

root. [unglossed]

An unglossed root in The Qenya Phonology of the 1910s illustrating a hypothetical series of ancient lateral approximants, with derived roots like ᴱ√TOLO and ᴱ√TOẆO [with ẇ = ɣʷ] (PE12/16). The former appeared in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon as the basis for island words (QL/94), but the latter appeared nowhere else in Early Qenya writings.

Derivatives

• ᴱ√TOLO “*stick up” ✧ PE12/016
  • Eq. tolda “hill (with a flat top), hill top; town on a hill” ✧ QL/094
  • Eq. tóle “centre” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094
  • Eq. tol “island, isle” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094
  • Eq. tolos “knob, lump” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa; QL/094
  • Eq. tolma “helm”
  • G. tol “isle (with high steep coast)” ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa
• ᴱ√TOẆO “[unglossed]” ✧ PE12/016

toẇo

root. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√TOŁᵂO “[unglossed]” ✧ PE12/016

Variations

• toẇo- ✧ PE12/016

tḷkḷ

root. [unglossed]

kópa

noun. harbour, haven, bay

Cognates

• G. gobos “haven” ✧ GL/40; LT1A/Kópas

Derivations

• ᴱ√KOPO “keep, guard‽” ✧ LT1A/Kópas; QL/047

Element in

• Eq. Kópas “Haven” ✧ LT1A/Kópas

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√KOPO > kópa	[gōpā] > [gōpa] > [kōpa]	✧ QL/047

Variations

• kôpa ✧ GL/40
• kôpas ✧ GL/40
• kópas ✧ LT1A/Kópas
• kōpa ✧ PME/047

alle

?. [unglossed]

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• anaükante ✧ PE12/027

angwe

?. [unglossed]

anwe

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. anwe or aiqale elta súrut lunte aiwendon lossiattea “*went on the heights driven by the wind a ship like a bird with a blossom-white neck” ✧ PE16/147

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• àukáine ✧ PE12/027

eant

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• éant ✧ PE12/027

ematte

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. v’ematte sinqi Eldamar “*that they call to mind the gems of Elven-home” ✧ VT40/08

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

intya

?. [unglossed]

ka

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. en ilta n·ner ya me·qetsime ka húyo ne hwa·telpe ie-rautanéma ompa va húyo “thereupon in came the man {from whom we heard >>} by whom we were told his money had all been stolen from him” ✧ PE14/054

kópas

noun. haven

kópas

place name. Haven

Short name for Kópas Alqalunte(n) in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/255).

Element in

• Eq. Kópas Alqalunte(n) “Haven of the Swanships” ✧ LT1A/Kópas

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

lantanwa

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ✶lṇ́tànwa ✧ PE12/006
  • ᴱ√LṆTṆ “*fall”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ✶lṇ̹ta̜nwa > lanta̹nwa	[lṇtanwā] > [lṇtanwa] > [lantanwa]	✧ PE12/006

Variations

• lanta̹nwa ✧ PE12/006

las

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√LAQA “catch” ✧ QL/051

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√LAQA > las	[lakʷsǝ] > [lakʷs] > [laks] > [las]	✧ QL/051

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. yain tavárin lilyen marden ✧ PE16/080

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. tauren linqarassean ✧ PE16/080

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. anwe or aiqale elta súrut lunte aiwendon lossiattea “*went on the heights driven by the wind a ship like a bird with a blossom-white neck” ✧ PE16/147

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√LUŊU

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
LAWA	“*life (esp. plants)”
KELE	“flow, run; ooze, trickle”

Variations

• lāwakēle ✧ QL/052

min-

verb. [unglossed]

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√NAWA “dwarf”

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√NAWA “dwarf”

nierme

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. nierme mintya náre qanta “*reminds me that it is filled with grief” ✧ VT40/08

Variations

• Nierme ✧ VT40/08

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. kaivon nyúken i·sapsanta silmerána númetár “*the gleaming-moon goes down like a corpse into the grave” ✧ PE16/077

Variations

• nyuuken ✧ PE16/077

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√PIẆI “*fat”

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√PO “‽” ✧ QL/074

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√PO > pōya	[pōjā] > [pōja]	✧ QL/074

Variations

• pōya ✧ QL/074

ralle

?. [unglossed]

saile

noun. [unglossed]

Cognates

• G. thail “[unglossed]” ✧ GL/72

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

sauke

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√SAW̯A “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/082

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√SAW̯A > sauke	[sawkē] > [sawke] > [saule]	✧ QL/082

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. sinqitalla laiqaninwa “*sparkling green and blue” ✧ VT40/08

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√SIVI “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/084

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√SIVI > sivilda	[siβildā] > [siβilda] > [sivilda]	✧ QL/084

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. súlimarya sildai, hiswa timpe “*slender columns of pearl, a dim rain” ✧ VT40/08

Variations

• Súlimarya ✧ VT40/08

súme

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. ne·súme lasser pínea “*small leaves were in the wind” ✧ VT40/08

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
TṆTṆ	“*bounce”
-lta	“?causative”

Variations

• tantilta ✧ PE14/058

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. tirípti lirilla ✧ LT1/047

toron

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√TORO “*bake” ✧ QL/094

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴱ√TORO > toron	[toron]	✧ QL/094

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

Elements

Word	Gloss
tulu-	“to bring, carry, fetch; to move (intr.), come; to produce, bear fruit”

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

Cognates

• En. dain “height, summit; height, loftiness, sublimity” ✧ PE13/161

Derivations

• ᴱ✶dágniya ✧ PE13/161
  • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”

Variations

• tánie ✧ PE13/161

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ✶ū́kā̀rele ✧ PE12/006
  • ᴱ√KARA “do, make”

Variations

• uká̹rele ✧ PE12/006

umpai

?. [unglossed]

Variations

• úmpài ✧ PE12/027

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

Variations

• upaitya ✧ QL/034

usult

?. [unglossed]

Derivations

• ᴱ√SULU “*support” ✧ QL/087

valle

?. [unglossed]

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

yu

?. [unglossed]

Element in

• Eq. unlunke naiqe yu vaile·na ar elle ha men ambostuva “*he pulled his sword from the sheath and drove it into the breast” ✧ PE16/146