Quenya 

wai

wind, weave

wai (what the primitive element ¤wei "wind, weave" became in Quenya; therefore confused with the stem WAY "enfold") (WEY)

wind

(actually spelt ) noun "wind" (LT1:266). Cf. wáya-.

vaiwa

wind

vaiwa noun "wind" (WĀ/WAWA/WAIWA)

wailë

wind

wailë noun "wind", later form vailë, q.v. (PE17:189)

waiwa

wind

waiwa noun "wind" (WĀ/WAWA/WAIWA)

vëa

wind

vëa (4) noun "wind" (PE17:189)

vëa

noun. wind

súru

wind

súru noun "wind" (MC:213, 216, 220; this is "Qenya"; Tolkien's later Quenya has súrë)

súrë

wind

súrë noun "wind", stem súri- because of primitive form sūrǐ- (PE17:62),hence the instrumental form súrinen "in the wind" or more literally "by the wind" (Nam, RGEO:66,Markirya, J.R.R. Tolkien: Artist & Illustrator p. 197); Súrion masc.name, "Wind-son" (Appendix A). Early "Qenya" has súru (MC:213, 216, 220). See also súriquessë.

vailë

wind

vailë noun "wind" (PE17:189)

vailë

noun. wind, [strong] wind, *gale

An obscure word for “wind” in notes from December 1959 (D59) derived from the root √WAYA and appearing in various forms: vëa, vaiwe, and vaile, the last of these with an adjectival form vailima “windy” (P17/189). A similar set of Quenya derivatives of √WAY appeared in notes from 1957, but there most of the forms were rejected: {vaiwe, view-, vaive, víw}, along with unrejected váva (PE17/33-34). Tolkien considered all these as possible cognates of S. gwae “wind”.

Conceptual Development: Precursors include ᴱQ. ’wā “wind” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√GWĀ (QL/102), ᴱQ. or vanwe “wind” from Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1930s (PE16/142) and ᴹQ. vaiwa “wind” from The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√WAIWA (Ety/WĀ). Thus the Quenya forms were much less stable than their Sindarin equivalent and its precursor, which were simply G. gwâ “wind” (GL/43; PE13/146) >> N./S. gwae(w) “wind” (Ety/WĀ; NM/237; PE17/33-34, 189).

Neo-Quenya: Of the various forms, I prefer Q. vailë since (a) it is later, (b) has an adjectival form and (c) has a possible direct cognate S. gwael “✱wind”, also from around the same time. Q. súrë is the usual word for “wind” and is thus preferable for most uses, but I think vailë might be used for a strong wind or gale, since elsewere in Quenya derivatives of √ seem to be tied to stronger winds: hwarwa “violent wind”, vangwë “storm” (NM/237).

Changes

  • waiwevaiwe ✧ PE17/189

Cognates

  • S. gwae “wind” ✧ PE17/189

Derivations

  • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/189
  • waiwa(y) “*wind” ✧ PE17/189
    • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/189
  • waile “*wind” ✧ PE17/189
    • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/189

Element in

  • Q. vailima “windy” ✧ PE17/189

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
WAYA > vëa[waja] > [wea] > [βea] > [vea]✧ PE17/189
waiwa(y) > vaiwe[waiwai] > [βaiwai] > [vaiwai] > [vaiwe]✧ PE17/189
waile > vaile[waile] > [βaile] > [vaile]✧ PE17/189

Variations

  • vëa ✧ PE17/189
  • vaiwe ✧ PE17/189
  • vaile ✧ PE17/189
  • waiwe ✧ PE17/189 (waiwe)

vaiwë

wind

vaiwë noun "wind" (PE17:189)

vaiwë

noun. wind

laimë

shade

laimë noun "shade" (DAY; in an earlier version the gloss was "shadow (cast by an object or form)"; see VT45:8-9. Perhaps Tolkien transferred this meaning to lëo when giving laimë the more general meaning "shade".)

úcalima

adjective. dim, murky

Quenya [PE 22:156] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

lómin

shade, shadow

lómin noun "shade, shadow" (LT1:255)

mordo

shadow, obscurity, stain

mordo (1) noun "shadow, obscurity, stain" (MOR)

lëo

shade, shadow cast by any object

lëo noun "shade, shadow cast by any object" (DAY)

Sindarin 

gwath

noun. shade, shadow, dim light

Sindarin [Ety/397, S/432] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwath

noun. stain

Sindarin [Ety/397, S/432] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwath

noun. shadow, dim light, shadow, dim light, [N.] shade

A word for “shadow” but more accurately an area of “dim light”, since it was “not for the shadows of actual objects or persons cast by sun or moon or other lights” (VT42/9) but was used “in the sense of dim light, owing to cloud or mist, or in deep valleys” (UT/261). A cast shadow would be morchant “(lit.) dark shape” (VT42/9). Gwath was derived from the root √WATH.

Conceptual Development: N. gwath “shade” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above (Ety/WATH).

Cognates

  • Q. vasar “veil” ✧ VT42/09

Derivations

  • wath “shadow” ✧ PE17/041
    • WATH “*shade, [ᴹ√] shade”
  • WATH “*shade, [ᴹ√] shade” ✧ VT42/09; VT42/09

Element in

  • S. Deldúwath “Deadly Nightshade, (lit.) Horror of Night-shadow” ✧ SA/gwath
  • S. dúath “night shadow, dark/black shadow, night shadow, dark/black shadow, [N.] night-shade” ✧ SA/gwath
  • S. Eryd-wethion “Mountains of the Region of Shadows”
  • S. Gwathir “River of Shadow” ✧ UT/263
  • S. Gwathló “Greyflood” ✧ SA/gwath; UT/261; UT/263; VT42/09
  • S. gwathren “shadowy, dim”
  • S. gwathui “*shadowy, of shadow”
  • S. Núath “?Under Shadow”
  • S. Thuringwethil “Woman of Secret Shadow”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
wath > gwath[watʰa] > [waθa] > [gwaθa] > [gwaθ]✧ PE17/041
Wath > Gwath[watʰa] > [waθa] > [gwaθa] > [gwaθ]✧ VT42/09
WATH > Gwath[watʰa] > [waθa] > [gwaθa] > [gwaθ]✧ VT42/09

Variations

  • Gwath ✧ UT/263; VT42/09 (Gwath); VT42/09
Sindarin [PE17/041; SA/gwath; UT/261; UT/263; VT42/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwae

wind

_ n. _wind. Tolkien also notes "WAKH in wagme > gwaew, gwae" (PE17:34). Q. vea. >> gwaew

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:33-4:189] < _gwoe_ < _wāyā _< WAYA blow (as of wind). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

gwae

noun. wind

The normal Sindarin word for “wind”, usually appearing as gwae but sometimes as gwaew, most frequently derived from √WAY “blow” but also a bewildering variety of other roots (NM/237; PE17/33-34, 189); see the entry for √ for further discussion.

Conceptual Development: The earliest form of this word was G. gwâ “wind” from both Gnomish Grammar and Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GG/14; GL/43). The form ᴱN. gwá “wind” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists from the 1920s (MC/217), but in the Nebrachar poem from circa 1930 the form was gwaew “wind” (MC/217). It was N. gwaew “wind” in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√WAIWA (Ety/WĀ), and appeared a number of times in later writings as both gwae and (more rarely) gwaew, as noted above.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I prefer using only gwae for “wind”, reserving gwaew for “storm”.

Cognates

  • Q. vailë “wind, [strong] wind, *gale” ✧ PE17/189
  • Q. váva “*wind” ✧ PE17/033

Derivations

  • wāya “blow” ✧ NM/237; PE17/034
    • “blow; noise of wind, echoic representation of sound of wind” ✧ NM/237
    • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/034
  • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/034; PE17/189
  • waiwa(y) “*wind” ✧ PE17/033
    • WAY “blow (of wind), be disturbed” ✧ PE17/033; PE17/189

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
wā-yo > gwoe > gwae[wājo] > [wǭjo] > [wǭio] > [woio] > [gwoio] > [gwoi] > [gwoe] > [gwae]✧ NM/237
WAYA > gwae[wajā] > [waja] > [waia] > [gwaia] > [gwai] > [gwae]✧ PE17/033
waiwe > gwae(w)[waiwe] > [gwaiwe] > [gwaiw] > [gwaew]✧ PE17/033
WIW > gwae(w)[waiwe] > [gwaiwe] > [gwaiw] > [gwaew]✧ PE17/034
wāyā > gwoe > gwae[wājā] > [wāja] > [wǭja] > [wǭia] > [woia] > [gwoia] > [gwoi] > [gwoe] > [gwae]✧ PE17/034
WAYA > Gwae[wajā] > [waja] > [waia] > [gwaia] > [gwai] > [gwae]✧ PE17/189

Variations

  • gwaew ✧ PE17/033 (gwaew)
  • gwae(w) ✧ PE17/033 (gwae(w)); PE17/034
  • Gwae ✧ PE17/189
Sindarin [NM/237; PE17/033; PE17/034; PE17/189] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwaew

wind

_ n. _wind. Tolkien also notes "WAKH in wagme > gwaew, gwae" (PE17:34). >> gwae

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:33-4] < _gwoe_ < _wāyā _< WAYA. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

guruthos

noun. the shadow of death, death-horror

Sindarin [di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dae

noun. shadow

Sindarin [Ety/354, S/430] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dae

noun. shadow, shadow (cast by an object or form), [N.] shade

Element in

  • S. Daeron ✧ SA/dae
  • S. Dor Daedeloth “Land of Great Dread; Land of Shadow of Horror” ✧ SA/dae

fain

dim

adj. dim, dimmed (applied to dimmed or fading lights or to things seen in them); filmy, fine-woven, etc. (applied to things that only partially screened light, such as a canopy of young still half-transparent leaves, or textures that veiled but only half-concealed a form).

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:174] < *_phanyā_ < PHAN cover, screen, veil. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rîf

noun. bark

Sindarin [Fladrif LotR/E, TC/169, TC/173] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rîf

noun. bark

A word for “bark” (or possibly “skin”) appearing only in the name S. Fladrif “Skinbark” (LotR/474).

Conceptual Development: Earlier “bark” words include G. padhwen “bark” (GL/63) and G. dafros “bark, skin, peel” (GL/29) from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, G. {daus >>} dâf “bark” in Gnomish Lexicon Slips (PE13/112), and ᴱN. {gwath “bark” >>} gwadh “bark, skin, peel” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/146).

Element in

  • S. Fladrif “Skinbark” ✧ LotR/0474

Variations

  • rif ✧ LotR/0474 (rif)
Sindarin [LotR/0474] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sûl

noun. wind

Sindarin [S/437] Q súlë. Group: SINDICT. Published by

sûl

noun. wind, [strong] wind, *gust

A noun for “wind” appearing in names like Amon Sûl, derived from the root √ “blow, move with audible sound (of air)” (NM/237; PE17/124).

Conceptual Development: A precursor to this word is G. saul “great wind” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/67), derived from the early root ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Súlimo; QL/86).

Neo-Sindarin: Given its connection to the sound of wind, I think sûl would be used mostly for strong or noisy wind, including (but not limited to) gusts of wind, as opposed to more ordinary (and less noisy) gwae “wind”. This notion is supported by its Gnomish precursor G. saul “great wind”.

Cognates

  • Q. súrë “wind, breeze” ✧ PE17/124

Derivations

  • sūli “wind”
  • “blow, move with audible sound (of air)” ✧ NM/237; PE17/124

Element in

  • S. Amon Sûl “Weathertop, (lit.) Hill of the Wind” ✧ SA/sûl

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> sûl[sūl] > [sūle] > [sūl]✧ NM/237
> sūl[sūli] > [sūle] > [sūl]✧ PE17/124

Variations

  • sūl ✧ PE17/015; PE17/124
Sindarin [NM/237; PE17/015; PE17/124; SA/sûl] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lum

noun. shade

Sindarin [Ety/370, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

morchant

noun. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape

Sindarin [S/432, VT/42:9] morn+cant "dark shape". Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwatha

stain

(verb) gwatha- (i **watha, in gwathar**) (soil)

gwatha

stain

(i ’watha, in gwathar) (soil)

gwathra

dim

(verb) gwathra- (i **wathra, in gwathrar**) (overshadow, veil, obscure)

gwathra

dim

(i ’wathra, in gwathrar) (overshadow, veil, obscure)

gwâth

shadow

(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)

gwâth

shade

(noun) 1) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261), 2) dae (i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae), 3) lûm (pl. luim**).

gwâth

shade

(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261)

gwâth

dim light

(i ’wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, shade), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261);

gwathren

dim

(adj.) gwathren (shadowy), lenited wathren; pl. gwethrin. (A lenited pl. is attested in the name Ered Wethrin, Shadowy Mountains.);

gwathren

dim

(shadowy), lenited ’wathren; pl. gwethrin. (A lenited pl. is attested in the name Ered Wethrin, Shadowy Mountains.);

auth

dim shape

(spectral or vague apparition), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "war, battle".

gwaen

stained

(lenited ’waen; no distinct pl. form)

gwaew

wind

1) gwaew (i **waew) (storm), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew), 2) sûl (i hûl), pl. suil (i suil**). Note: a homophone means ”goblet”.

gwaew

wind

(i ’waew) (storm), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaew)

gwass

stain

(noun) 1) gwass (i **wass, construct gwas), pl. gwais (in gwais), also gwath (i **wath), pl. gwaith (in gwaith), 2) (noun) maw (i vaw) (soil), pl. moe (i moe). Note: a homophone is an archaic word for ”hand”. 3) mael (i vael), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mael). Also as adj.

gwass

stain

(i ’wass, construct gwas), pl. gwais (in gwais), also gwath (i ’wath), pl. gwaith (in gwaith)

dúath

dark shadow

(i dhúath) (nightshade), pl. dúaith (i núaith). Compare the Ephel Dúath or ”Mountains of Shadow” forming th outer fence of Mordor, perhaps suggesting that Dúath is also the word used of Sauron as ”the Shadow”.

gwaeren

windy

(lenited ’waeren; pl. gwaerin)

pasta-

verb. to shake, wag, nod, flap

Derivations

  • ᴺ✶. KWATH “*shake”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

fuin

nightshade

(gloom, darkness, night, dead of night); no distinct pl. form.

dae

shadow

(i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae).

dae

shade

(i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae)

maw

stain

(i vaw) (soil), pl. moe (i moe). Note: a homophone is an archaic word for ”hand”.

daew

shadow

(i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8).

mael

stain

(i vael), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mael). Also as adj.

mael

stained

(lenited vael; no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”lust”. Another adj.

sûl

wind

(i hûl), pl. suil (i suil). Note: a homophone means ”goblet”.

lûm

shade

(pl. luim).

morchant

shadow

1) morchant (i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form. 2) dae (i dhae) (shade), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae). 3) daew (i dhaew), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ndaew) (VT45:8). 4) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shade, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261) 5) muil (i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil**),

morchant

shadow

(i vorchant), pl. morchaint (i morchaint). The literal meaning is ”dark shape”, referring to shadows with a recognizable form.

muil

shadow

(i vuil) (twilight, dreariness, vagueness), no distinct pl. except with article (i muil)

Nandorin 

scella

noun. shade, screen

Probably noun. Primitive form given as skalnâ, derived from the stem SKAL1 "screen, hide (from light)" (LR:386). Since -nâ is an adjectival ending, often taking on the meaning of a kind of past participle, skalnâ must mean "screened, hidden (from light)"; this has become a noun "shade, screen" in Nandorin.

The word scella, sciella alone tells us that ln is assimilated to ll in Nandorin, and as in dunna, spenna a primitive final , usually lost, seems to persist as -a following a double consonant. The shift of a to e in skalnâ > scella is parallelled by the similar shift in spannâ > spenna, q.v. However, such a shift does not occur in what might seem to be similar environments (before a double consonant?); cf. hrassa, not hressa, from khrassê. It would seem that e might further break up into ie, scella having the alternative form sciella.

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger (LR:386)] < SKAL. Published by

sciella

noun. shade, screen

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger] < SKAL. Published by

Adûnaic

bawab

noun. wind

The noun for “wind”, attested only in the plural (bawîb) and subjective plural (bawîba) forms (SD/247, SD/312). Its plural form indicates that it is a strong-noun (Strong I), so its final vowel must be short, but in theory it could be any of a, i or u, each of which would be replaced by long î in plural nouns. Nouns with identical vowels are more common, however, so ✱bawab is the most likely singular form, though as Helge Fauskanger points out (AL/Adûnaic) the normal form could also be the weak noun ✱bawâb with a poetic strong plural (SD/435).

Element in

Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/312] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ugru

noun. shadow

A noun translated “shadow” (SD/247), also described as “a word with the evil sense of ‘night’ or ‘dark’” (SD/306). It appears in the preprositional phrase ugru-dalad “under shadow” (SD/247) and in the draft-dative form ugrus “‽horror‽shadow” (SD/311).

Element in

Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/306; SD/311] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nâlu

noun. shadow

A noun attested only in the compound agannâlô “death-shadow [is]” (SD/247, VT24/12). The first element of the compound, agan “death”, as identified elsewhere (SD/426), so the remaining element must mean “shadow”. The compound is the subject of the sentence agannâlô burôda nênud “death-shadow [is] heavy on us” and is therefore in the subjective case. According the grammatical rules of Lowdham’s Report, the only possibly normal form producing this subjective is nâlu: compare nîlu “moon” to its subjective form nîlô (SD/431).

Conceptual Development: In early writings, the compound was (non-subjective) agannūlo, so that the apparent draft form of this noun was nūlo. A similar form nūlu appears on SD/306, described only as “a word with the evil sense of ‘night’ or ‘dark’”. It could be a separate word or another variation of this word, with the development nūlo >> nūlu >> nālu. Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne suggested (AAD/21) that the earlier forms may be related to ᴹQ. nulla “dark, dusky, obscure”.

Element in

Variations

  • nūlu ✧ SD/306
  • nūlo ✧ SD/312
Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/306; SD/312] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Khuzdûl

bark

bark

Root *B-R-K It is possible that "baruk" is also a genitive case, meaning "axes of <something>" rather than just "axes". The phrase "baruk Khazâd" can be compared to a "construct pair" in Semitic languages, such as Hebrew and Arabic.

Khuzdûl [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

Primitive elvish

wath

noun. shadow

Derivations

  • WATH “*shade, [ᴹ√] shade”

Derivatives

  • S. gwath “shadow, dim light, shadow, dim light, [N.] shade” ✧ PE17/041
Primitive elvish [PE17/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. wind

Derivations

  • “blow, move with audible sound (of air)”

Derivatives

  • Q. “sound of wind, sound of wind, [ᴱQ.] noise of wind” ✧ VT47/12; VT47/35

Element in

  • sūli “wind” ✧ VT47/35
  • sūri “wind” ✧ VT47/35
Primitive elvish [VT47/12; VT47/34; VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sūli

noun. wind

Derivatives

  • S. sûl “wind, [strong] wind, *gust”

Elements

WordGloss
“blow, move with audible sound (of air)”
Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sūri

noun. wind

Derivations

  • SUR “noise of wind, noise of wind; [ᴱ√] to blow” ✧ NM/237

Derivatives

  • Q. súrë “wind, breeze” ✧ NM/237

Variations

  • sūr(i) ✧ VT47/35
Primitive elvish [NM/237; VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

gwath

noun. shade, shadow, dim light

Noldorin [Ety/397, S/432] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwath

noun. stain

Noldorin [Ety/397, S/432] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwath

noun. shade

Cognates

  • Ilk. gwath “shade” ✧ Ety/WATH

Derivations

  • On. watha “shade” ✧ Ety/WATH
    • ᴹ√WATH “shade” ✧ Ety/WATH

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. watha > gwath[waθa] > [gwaθa] > [gwaθ]✧ Ety/WATH

Variations

  • gwath ✧ Ety/WATH
Noldorin [Ety/DYEL; Ety/WATH] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwath

noun. stain

Derivations

  • On. watte “a stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
    • ᴹ✶wahtē “a stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
    • ᴹ√WAƷ “stain, soil” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Element in

  • N. Iarwath “Blood-stained” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. watte > gwath[watte] > [wattʰe] > [waθθe] > [gwaθθe] > [gwaθθ] > [gwaθ]✧ Ety/WAƷ

Variations

  • gwath ✧ Ety/WAƷ
Noldorin [Ety/WAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwaew

noun. wind

Noldorin [Ety/387] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwaew

noun. wind

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. vaiwa “wind” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WAIWA “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ
    • ᴹ√ “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√WAIWA > gwaew[waiwa] > [gwaiwa] > [gwaiw] > [gwaew]✧ Ety/WĀ

gwass

noun. stain

Noldorin [Ety/397] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwass

noun. stain

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. vakse “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Derivations

  • On. wasse “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
    • ᴹ✶wahsē “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
    • ᴹ√WAƷ “stain, soil” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. wasse > gwass[wasse] > [gwasse] > [gwass]✧ Ety/WAƷ
Noldorin [Ety/WAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

heltha-

verb. to strip, to strip, *flay, peel skin; *to despoil, make bare

Changes

  • halthaheltha “strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL

Cognates

  • ᴺQ. helta- “to strip, bar, peel; *to despoil, denude”

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶skelta- “to strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL
    • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL
  • On. skhalta- “to strip” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL
    • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶skelta- > heltha[skelta-] > [skeltʰa-] > [skelθa-] > [sxelθa-] > [xelθa-] > [helθa-]✧ Ety/SKEL
On. skhalta- > haltha[sxalta-] > [sxaltʰa-] > [sxalθa-] > [xalθa-] > [halθa-]✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Variations

  • heltha ✧ Ety/SKEL
  • helta ✧ EtyAC/SKEL
  • haltha ✧ EtyAC/SKEL (haltha)
Noldorin [Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dae

noun. shadow

Noldorin [Ety/354, S/430] Group: SINDICT. Published by

daew

noun. shadow

lhum

noun. shade

Noldorin [Ety/370, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhum

noun. shade

A word appearing as N. lhum “shade” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from the root ᴹ√LUM, most notably an element in the name N. Hithlum (Ety/LUM). It was the cognate of ᴹQ. lumbe, and thus derived from primitive ✱lumbē, which explains why the final m survived as a reduction of mb.

Conceptual Development: The earliest iteration of this word was G. lôm {“pool, sl...” >>} “gloom, shade” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, based on primitive ᴱ✶lou̯me (GL/54) and probably derived from the early root ᴱ√LOMO as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Hisilómë). In this early document, G. lum or glum was “a cloud” (GL/55), likely a derivative of ᴱ√LUVU for “✱dark weather” as also suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Luvier). In Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱN. {lom >>} lhom “shadow” (PE13/149). This became N. lhum “shade” in The Etymologies, as noted above.

Neo-Sindarin: In later writings, Hithlum was designated North Sindarin and its final element was based on a loan from Q. lómë “dusk”, with the m surviving only because it was from the North dialect (PE17/133; WJ/400). However, the root √LUM “shadow, darkness” also survived in later writings (PE17/168), so I think N. lhum “shade” can be salvaged, though if adapted to Neo-Sindarin it would need to become ᴺS. lum as suggested in HSD (HSD). Given the later use of Q. lumbo for “(dark) cloud”, I think the Gnomish sense G. lum “[dark] cloud” can be salvaged as well.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lumbe “gloom, shadow” ✧ Ety/LUM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LUM “*shadow” ✧ Ety/LUM

Element in

  • N. Hithlum “Land of Mist, (lit.) Mist-and-Dusk” ✧ Ety/LUM
  • N. lhumren “shady” ✧ Ety/LUM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LUM > lhum[lumbe] > [lumbe] > [lumb] > [l̥umb] > [l̥umb] > [l̥umm] > [l̥um]✧ Ety/LUM

mael

noun/adjective. stain

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mael

noun/adjective. stained

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hmael

noun/adjective. stain

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hmael

noun/adjective. stained

Noldorin [Ety/386] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

vaiwa

noun. wind

Cognates

  • N. gwaew “wind” ✧ Ety/WĀ
  • Ilk. gwau “wind” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WAIWA “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ
    • ᴹ√ “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√WAIWA > waiwa > vaiwa[waiwa] > [vaiwa] > [vaiwa]✧ Ety/WĀ

vakse

noun. stain

Cognates

  • On. wasse “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
  • N. gwass “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶wahsē “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
    • ᴹ√WAƷ “stain, soil” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶wahsē > vakse[waxsē] > [waksē] > [wakse] > [vakse]✧ Ety/WAƷ

Doriathrin

gwath

noun. shade

A noun glossed “shade” (shadow) derived from the root ᴹ√WATH (Ety/WATH). It is a clear example of how [[ilk|initial [w] became [gw]]] in Ilkorin, and it appears in several names: Thuringwethil “(Woman of) Secret Shadow” and Urthin Gwethion (unglossed but presumably “✱Mountains of Shadow”).

Cognates

  • N. gwath “shade” ✧ Ety/WATH

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WATH “shade” ✧ Ety/WATH

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√WATH > gwath[watʰā] > [watʰa] > [waθa] > [gwaθa] > [gwaθ]✧ Ety/WATH
Doriathrin [Ety/WATH; EtyAC/WATH] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwau

noun. wind

A noun meaning “wind” derived from the root ᴹ√WAW(A) (Ety/WĀ). Here the [[ilk|initial [w] became [gw]]], and after the final vowel vanished, the [[ilk|final [w] became [u]]].

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. vaiwa “wind” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WAIWA “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ
    • ᴹ√ “blow” ✧ Ety/WĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√WAWA > gwau[wawa] > [gwawa] > [gwaw] > [gwau]✧ Ety/WĀ
Doriathrin [Ety/WĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

watha

noun. shade

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WATH “shade” ✧ Ety/WATH

Derivatives

  • N. gwath “shade” ✧ Ety/WATH

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√WATH > watha[watʰa] > [waθa]✧ Ety/WATH
Old Noldorin [Ety/WATH] Group: Eldamo. Published by

watte

noun. a stain

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶wahtē “a stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
    • ᴹ√WAƷ “stain, soil” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Derivatives

  • N. gwath “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶wahtē > watte[wahtē] > [wattē] > [watte]✧ Ety/WAƷ
Old Noldorin [Ety/WAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wasse

noun. stain

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. vakse “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶wahsē “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
    • ᴹ√WAƷ “stain, soil” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Derivatives

  • N. gwass “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶wahsē > wasse[wahsē] > [wasse]✧ Ety/WAƷ
Old Noldorin [Ety/WAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skhalta-

verb. to strip

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Derivatives

  • N. heltha- “to strip, to strip, flay, peel skin; to despoil, make bare” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√SKAL > skhalta-[skalta-] > [sxalta-]✧ EtyAC/SKEL
Old Noldorin [EtyAC/SKEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skhelta- Reconstructed

verb. to strip

Middle Primitive Elvish

wath

root. shade

Changes

  • GWATHWATH ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H)

Derivatives

  • Ilk. gwath “shade” ✧ Ety/WATH
  • ᴹ✶wath ✧ Ety/WAƷ
  • On. watha “shade” ✧ Ety/WATH
    • N. gwath “shade” ✧ Ety/WATH

Element in

  • N. Dolwethil “(Woman of) Secret Shadow” ✧ Ety/THUR
  • Ilk. Thuringwethil “(Woman of) Secret Shadow” ✧ Ety/THUR

Variations

  • GWATH ✧ EtyAC/MBAT(H) (GWATH)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/THUR; Ety/WAƷ; Ety/WATH; EtyAC/MBAT(H)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wahsē

noun. stain

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WAƷ “stain, soil” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. vakse “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
  • On. wasse “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
    • N. gwass “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wahtē

noun. a stain

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WAƷ “stain, soil” ✧ Ety/WAƷ

Derivatives

  • Ilk. gôd “dirtiness, filth” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
  • On. watte “a stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
    • N. gwath “stain” ✧ Ety/WAƷ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

day

root. shadow

Changes

  • DAƷDAY ✧ EtyAC/DAY
  • DAGDAƷ ✧ EtyAC/DAY

Derivatives

  • Ilk. dair “shadow of trees” ✧ Ety/DAY
  • ᴹ✶daiō “shade, shadow cast by any object” ✧ Ety/DAY; EtyAC/DAY
    • ᴹQ. leo “shade, shadow cast by any object” ✧ Ety/DAY
    • N. dae “shadow (cast by an object or form), shade” ✧ EtyAC/DAY; EtyAC/DAY
  • ᴹQ. laime “shadow (cast by an object or form), shade” ✧ Ety/DAY; EtyAC/DAY
  • ᴹQ. laira “shady” ✧ Ety/DAY; EtyAC/DAY
  • N. dae “shadow (cast by an object or form), shade” ✧ Ety/DAY; EtyAC/DAY

Element in

  • N. Daedhelos “Shadow of Fear” ✧ Ety/DYEL
  • N. daedelu “canopy” ✧ Ety/TEL

Variations

  • DAƷ ✧ EtyAC/DAY (DAƷ)
  • DAG ✧ EtyAC/DAY (DAG)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/DAY; Ety/DYEL; Ety/TEL; EtyAC/DAY] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skelta-

verb. to strip

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. helta- “to strip, bar, peel; *to despoil, denude”
  • N. heltha- “to strip, to strip, flay, peel skin; to despoil, make bare” ✧ Ety/SKEL
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SKEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

gwâ

noun. wind

Cognates

  • Eq. “wind” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GWĀ “*wind” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo

Element in

Variations

  • Gwa ✧ PE15/26
Gnomish [GG/14; GL/43; LT1A/Súlimo; PE15/26] Group: Eldamo. Published by

cwas-

verb. to shake, wag, nod, flap

Cognates

  • Eq. qasa- “to shake, flap, nod, rustle (intr.)”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√QASA “*shake”

Element in

  • G. o·gwath lemp nin “he beckons, (lit.) he wags a finger at me” ✧ GL/53 (o·gwath lemp nin*)

Variations

  • cwath- ✧ GL/28
Gnomish [GL/28; GL/53] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mortha

adjective. dim

A word for “dim” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjective form of G. morth “darkness” (GL/58).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MORO “*black, dark” ✧ LT1A/Mornië
Gnomish [GL/58; LT1A/Mornië] Group: Eldamo. Published by

padhwen

noun. bark

A noun for “bark” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/63), apparently based on the early root ᴱ√PARA [PAÐA?] which might mean “peel” (QL/72).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√PARA “*peel”

dâf

noun. bark

dafros

noun. bark, skin, peel

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “bark, skin, peel”, related to the verb G. daf- “strip, flay, peel skin” (GL/29). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying that document, Tolkien instead gave {daus >>} dâf “bark” (PE13/112).

Changes

  • dausdâf ✧ PE13/112

Variations

  • dâf ✧ PE13/112
  • daus ✧ PE13/112 (daus)
Gnomish [GL/29; PE13/112] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

gwath

noun. bark

gwath-

verb. to strip

Variations

  • gwath ✧ PE13/146
Early Noldorin [PE13/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwadh

noun. bark, skin, peel

This word appeared as gwath {“field” >>} “bark” in Early Noldorin Grammar of the 1920s (PE13/120). This form also appeared in Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, but it was deleted and replaced by gwadh “bark, skin, peel” as a derivative of ᴱ✶(s)wada (PE13/146).

Changes

  • gwathgwath “field” ✧ PE13/120
  • gwathgwath “bark, no. pl.” ✧ PE13/146

Cognates

  • Eq. fara “fur, fell” ✧ PE13/146
  • Et. suada “hide” ✧ PE13/146

Derivations

Element in

  • En. orwadh “barkless” ✧ PE13/156

Variations

  • gwath ✧ PE13/120; PE13/121 (gwath); PE13/146 (gwath)
Early Noldorin [PE13/120; PE13/121; PE13/146; PE13/156] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwá

noun. wind

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GWĀ “*wind”

Element in

Variations

  • gwaew ✧ MC/217
Early Noldorin [MC/217; PE13/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwaew

noun. wind

gobab-

verb. to shake

Variations

  • go-bab ✧ PE13/132
Early Noldorin [PE13/132] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhom

noun. shadow

Changes

  • lomlhom ✧ PE13/149

Variations

  • lom ✧ PE13/149 (lom)
Early Noldorin [PE13/149] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

noun. wind

Cognates

  • G. gwâ “wind” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GWĀ “*wind” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo; QL/102

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√GWĀ > ’wā[gʷā] > [wā]✧ QL/102

Variations

  • ✧ LT1A/Súlimo
  • ✧ PE16/142
  • vanwe ✧ PE16/142
  • ’wā ✧ QL/102
Early Quenya [LT1A/Súlimo; PE16/142; QL/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pal-

verb. to shake

Element in

Early Quenya [PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. wind

súlime

noun. wind

A noun for “wind” in Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” and connected to the name ᴱQ. Súlimo (QL/86). Later on, Q. Súlimë was used as the name of March (LotR/1110), whereas Q. Súlimo became “Breather” (PE21/85), a combination of Q. súlë (†þúlë) “breath” + Q. mo “person”.

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SUHYU “air, breath, exhale, puff” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo; QL/086

Element in

  • Eq. Súlisan “Sunday”
  • Eq. Oresul “Eastwind”
  • Eq. Súlimi “Varda” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo; QL/086
  • Eq. Súlimo “Manwe” ✧ LT1A/Súlimo; QL/086
  • Eq. susúlima “full of wind, windy, airy” ✧ QL/086

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√SUHU > sūlime[suxlimē] > [suxlime] > [suɣlime] > [sūlime]✧ QL/086

Variations

  • súlimë ✧ LT1A/Súlimo
  • sūlime ✧ QL/086
Early Quenya [LT1A/Súlimo; QL/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vanwe

noun. wind