lum

noun. shade

gwath

noun. shade, shadow, dim light

gwath

noun. stain

gwâth

shade

(noun) 1) gwâth (i **wâth; construct gwath) (shadow, dim light), pl. gwaith (in gwaith) (UT:261), 2) dae (i dhae) (shadow), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nae), 3) lûm (pl. luim**).

roch

noun. horse, swift horse for riding

roch

horse

(swift horse for riding) roch, pl. rych (idh rych) (Letters:282)

roch

noun. horse

The usual word for “horse” in Sindarin, a derivative of ✶rokkō (Let/282, 382) and very well attested. There are indications that this word was more specifically a “swift horse” (Let/382; EtyAC/ROK), but in most cases Tolkien used it generically.

Conceptual Development: The first precursor to this word seems to be G. brog “horse” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/24), though at the time it had no Qenya cognates. ᴱN. brog “horse” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/139), but by The Etymologies of the 1930s it had become N. roch “horse”, already with the derivation given above (Ety/ROK; EtyAC/ROK). Tolkien seems to have mainly stuck with this form thereafter.

Cognates

• Q. rocco “horse” ✧ Let/178; Let/282; Let/382; SA/roch

Derivations

• ✶rokkō “horse, swift horse for riding” ✧ Let/282; Let/382
  • ᴹ√ROK “run on foot, *horse, run on foot”

Element in

• S. Arroch “*Noble-horse”
• ᴺS. raebroch “zebra”
• S. Rochallor ✧ SA/roch
• S. Rochand “Rohan, Horse-country” ✧ Let/178; Let/382; RC/241; SA/roch; UT/318
• S. rochben “rider”
• S. Roch-cheruin “Steed of the Lady” ✧ PE17/097
• S. roch heryn “Lady(’s) horse” ✧ PE17/097
• S. rochir “knight, horse-lord” ✧ Let/178; Let/282
• S. Rochirrim “Horse-lords” ✧ UT/318
• S. roch na-heryna “the horse of (the) Lady” ✧ PE17/097
• S. Rohan “Riddermark, (lit.) Horse-country”
• S. Roheryn “Horse of the Lady” ✧ SA/roch
• S. Rohirrim “Horse-lords” ✧ Let/382; SA/roch

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶rokkō > roch	[rokkō] > [rokko] > [rokkʰo] > [roxxo] > [roxx] > [rox]	✧ Let/282

lum

noun. shade, *a thing blocking light; [G.] [dark] cloud

fân

cloud

1) fân (veil, also used of the manifested body of a Vala), construct fan, pl. fain, 2) faun (pl. foen, coll. pl. fonath)

lobor

horse

lobor, analogical pl. lebyr (VT45:28)