Quenya 

amya-

prefix. excellent, admirable

Cognates

  • S. ein- “excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/172

Derivations

  • MAY “excellent, admirable, beautiful; make [art]; suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right” ✧ PE17/163

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
MAY > amya-[amja-]✧ PE17/163

Variations

  • amya- ✧ PE17/163; PE17/172 (amya-)
Quenya [PE17/163; PE17/172] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai-

prefix. excellent, admirable, excellent, admirable; *well, happily

Cognates

  • S. mae “well; excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/172

Derivations

  • MAY “excellent, admirable, beautiful; make [art]; suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right” ✧ PE17/163

Elements

WordGloss
mai“well, well; [ᴱQ.] too much”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
MAY > mai-[mai-]✧ PE17/163

Variations

  • mai- ✧ PE17/162; PE17/163
  • mai ✧ PE17/172 (mai)
Quenya [PE17/162; PE17/163; PE17/172] Group: Eldamo. Published by

melehta

mighty

melehta adj. "mighty" (PE17:115), cf. meletya

melehta

adjective. mighty

An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā (with [kt] > [ht]). A variant form meletya appears with the 2nd-plural possessive suffix -lda as Meletyalda “your mighty” in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/369), likely from the primitive form ✱✶mbelekya (with [kj] > [tj]). This variant form has a more typical primitive adjective suffix ✶-ya, but is inconsistent with the attested Sindarin cognate S. belaith, so I’d stick with melehta for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Cognates

  • S. belaith “mighty” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

  • MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
    • BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
mbelek > melehta[mbelekta] > [melekta] > [melexta]✧ PE17/115
Quenya [PE17/115; WJ/369] Group: Eldamo. Published by

meletya

mighty

#meletya adj. "mighty", isolated from meletyalda adjective with suffix "your mighty" = "your majesty" (see -lda; meletya = *"mighty"). In full Aran Meletyalda "king your mighty" = "your majesty" (WJ:369). Compare melehta.

meletya

adjective. mighty

Mairen

well

Mairen fem. name(UT:210), initial element perhaps related or identical to mai "well". The second element is obscure; the root REN "recall, have in mind" (PM:372) could be related; if so the name may imply "well remembered", "(of) good memory" or something similar. It may also connect with the adj. maira, q.v. and compare the masc. name Mairon (PE18:163).

mai

well

mai (1) adv. "well" (VT47:6), apparently also used as prefix (PE17:17:162, 163, 172)

mai

adverb. well, well; [ᴱQ.] too much

Cognates

  • S. mae “well; excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/162

Derivations

  • MAY “excellent, admirable, beautiful; make [art]; suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right” ✧ PE17/162
  • MAG “good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state, good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state; [ᴹ√] use, handle” ✧ PE17/162; VT47/06

Element in

  • Q. mai- “excellent, admirable, excellent, admirable; *well, happily” ✧ PE17/162
  • ᴺQ. maicámima “acceptable, (lit.) well-receivable”
  • ᴺQ. maicarindo “benefactor”
  • ᴺQ. maisinwa “well-known, notable, famous”
  • ᴺQ. maitulië “welcome thing, happy arrival”
  • ᴺQ. maitulya “welcome”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
MAY > maie[maje]✧ PE17/162
MAG > maie[magje] > [maɣje] > [maije]✧ PE17/162
MAG > mai[magje] > [maɣje] > [maije]✧ VT47/06

Variations

  • maie ✧ PE17/162 (maie); PE17/162 (maie)
Quenya [PE17/162; VT47/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maira

admirable, excellent, precious

maira adj. "admirable, excellent, precious"; "splendid, sublime" ("only of great, august or splendid things") (PE17:163, 172). Cf. Mairon.

mandë

well

mandë (2) adv. "well" (VT49:26; this is "Qenya"). Rather mai in Tolkiens later Quenya.

tampo

well

tampo noun "well" (QL:93)

ehtelu-

verb. well, bubble out

Quenya [PE 22:103, 117] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

maira

adjective. admirable, excellent, precious, splendid, sublime

Cognates

  • S. maer “good, excellent, fair, good, excellent, fair; [N.] useful, fit, good (of things)” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/163; PE17/172

Derivations

  • MAY “excellent, admirable, beautiful; make [art]; suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/163; PE17/172

Element in

  • Q. Mairen
  • ᴺQ. mairië “excellence, splendor, sublimity, ‘perfection’”
  • Q. Mairon “Admirable”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
MAY > maira[maira]✧ PE17/163
MAY > maira[maira]✧ PE17/163
(A)MAY > maira[maira]✧ PE17/172
Quenya [PE17/163; PE17/172] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ara-

noble

Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)

arato

noble

arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)

arquen

noble

arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)

tára

lofty

tára (1) adj. "lofty". (SA:tar, LT1:264, TĀ/TA3 (AYAK, TÁWAR), VT45:6), "tall, high" (WJ:417). Compare antara. Adverb táro in an early "Qenya" text (VT27:20, 26). The adj. tára is not to be confused with the continuative form of the verb #tar- "stand".

mairon

masculine name. Admirable

The original name of Sauron before his corruption by Melkor (PE17/183). Even after his corruption, he still called himself Mairon or Tar-Mairon sometimes, at least until he lost his beautiful form after the fall of Númenor (PE17/183). This name seems to be a masculinized form of the adjective maira “admirable”.

Elements

WordGloss
maira“admirable, excellent, precious, splendid, sublime”

Variations

  • Tar-mairon ✧ PE17/183

ala-

good

ala- (3), also al-, a prefix expressing "good" or "well" (PE17:146), as in alaquenta (q.v.) Whether Tolkien imagined this ending to coexist with the negative prefix of the same form (#2 above) is unclear and perhaps dubious.

taura

mighty, masterful

taura adj. "mighty, masterful" (TUR, PE17:115), "very mighty, vast, of unmeasured might or size" (VT39:10). Cf. túrëa.

Amarië

good

Amarië fem. name; perhaps derived from mára "good" with prefixing of the stem-vowel and the feminine ending - (Silm)

mára

adjective. good

Quenya [PE 22:154, 166] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

tampo

noun. well

Derivations

  • TAM “construct, construct; [ᴹ√] knock, [ᴱ√] beat; smelt, forge”

Sindarin 

maer

adjective. excellent

_ adj. _excellent. Q. maira admirable, excellent, precious. >> maer-, maeron

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:163] < MAY excellent, admirable. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

raud

excellent

_ adj. _excellent, noble, eminent.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < AR. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ein-

prefix. excellent, admirable

Cognates

  • Q. amya- “excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/172

Derivations

  • MAY “excellent, admirable, beautiful; make [art]; suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right” ✧ PE17/163

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
MAY > amya- > anya- > ein-[amja-] > [anja-] > [ania-] > [enia-] > [eina-] > [ein-]✧ PE17/163
Sindarin [PE17/163; PE17/172] Group: Eldamo. Published by

maer

adjective. good, excellent, fair, good, excellent, fair; [N.] useful, fit, good (of things)

Cognates

  • Q. maira “admirable, excellent, precious, splendid, sublime” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/163; PE17/172
  • Q. mára “good, proper, good, proper; [ᴹQ.] useful, fit, good (of things), [ᴱQ.] excellent; mighty, power, doughty” ✧ PE17/172

Derivations

  • MAY “excellent, admirable, beautiful; make [art]; suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right” ✧ PE17/162; PE17/163; PE17/163
  • MAG “good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state, good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state; [ᴹ√] use, handle” ✧ PE17/172

Element in

  • ᴺS. maeras “goodness”
  • ᴺS. novaer “goodbye, farewell, (lit.) be well”
  • ᴺS. navaer “farewell, (lit.) be well”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
MAY > maer[mairā] > [maira] > [mair] > [maer]✧ PE17/162
MAG > maer[magrā] > [magra] > [maɣra] > [maira] > [mair] > [maer]✧ PE17/172
Sindarin [PE17/162; PE17/163; PE17/172] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ma

interjection. good, excellent, that’s right

Derivations

  • MAG “good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state, good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state; [ᴹ√] use, handle” ✧ PE17/162

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
MAGA > magā > ma[magā] > [maga] > [maɣa] > [mā]✧ PE17/162
Sindarin [PE17/162] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mae

adverb/adjective. well; excellent, admirable

Cognates

  • Q. mai “well, well; [ᴱQ.] too much” ✧ PE17/162
  • Q. mai- “excellent, admirable, excellent, admirable; *well, happily” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/172

Derivations

  • mai “well” ✧ PE17/016; PE17/017
    • MAY “excellent, admirable, beautiful; make [art]; suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right”
  • MAG “good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state, good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state; [ᴹ√] use, handle” ✧ PE17/162
  • MAY “excellent, admirable, beautiful; make [art]; suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right” ✧ PE17/163

Element in

  • ᴺS. maedol “welcome”
  • S. mae govannen “well met” ✧ Let/308; LotR/0209; PE17/016; PE17/017; PE17/157; PE17/158

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
măgē > maʒĕ > mae[magē] > [mage] > [maɣe] > [mae]✧ PE17/016
mai > mae[mai] > [mae]✧ PE17/017

Variations

  • Mae ✧ Let/308; LotR/0209; PE17/017
  • mae- ✧ PE17/163
Sindarin [Let/308; LotR/0209; PE17/016; PE17/017; PE17/131; PE17/157; PE17/158; PE17/162; PE17/163; PE17/172] Group: Eldamo. Published by

al-

well

pref. #well. Q. al(a)-. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:172] < ALA good, healthy, prosperous, fortunate. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

mae

adverb. well

Sindarin [LotR/I:XII, Letters/308] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mae

adverb. well

adv. well. Ai na vedui Dúnadan. Mae g'ovannen. 'Ah! At last, Dúnadan ! Well met !'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:16] < (_maZĕ_ <) _măgē_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

mae

well

_ adv. _well. >> mael

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:131:162] < either MAY or MAG. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

mael

adjective. well

_ adj. _well. adjective << adverb. >> mae

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:162] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

mael

adjective. well

Derivations

  • MAG “good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state, good (physically); to thrive, be in a good state; [ᴹ√] use, handle” ✧ PE17/162

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
MAGA > mael[magla] > [maɣla] > [maila] > [mail] > [mael]✧ PE17/162
Sindarin [PE17/162] Group: Eldamo. Published by

belaith

adjective. mighty

adj. mighty. Q. melehta.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:115] < BEL, MBEL. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

belaith

adjective. mighty

An adjective for “mighty” derived from the root √MBELEK in a page of notes having to do with “large & small” words, probably from the late 1960s (PE17/115), apparently from the primitive form ✱✶mbelektā with the ekt vocalizing to eith and then the ei becoming ai in the final syllable.

Cognates

  • Q. melehta “mighty” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

  • MBELEK “mighty, powerful, strong; power as force or strength; great, large” ✧ PE17/115
    • BEL “*strong, [ᴹ√] strong” ✧ PE17/115

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
mbelek > belaith[mbelektā] > [mbelekta] > [mbelektʰa] > [mbelexθa] > [belexθa] > [beleiθa] > [beleiθ] > [belaiθ]✧ PE17/115
Sindarin [PE17/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raud

adjective. noble, eminent; lofty, high, tall; excellent

Cognates

  • Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/118; PE17/147

Derivations

  • rāta “lofty, high, noble” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/118; PE17/186
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
  • ARAT “good, excellent, noble” ✧ PE17/147

Element in

  • S. Amrod “*High and Lofty”
  • S. Angrod “*Iron Champion”
  • S. Rodwen “High Virgin Noble”
  • S. Finrod ✧ PE17/049
  • S. rodel “lady, high lady” ✧ PE17/049
  • S. Rodnor
  • S. Rodon “Vala” ✧ PE17/118; PE17/186

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
(a)rātā > raud[rātā] > [rāta] > [rǭta] > [rauta] > [raut] > [raud]✧ PE17/049
(a)rā́tā > raud[rātā] > [rāta] > [rǭta] > [rauta] > [raut] > [raud]✧ PE17/118
rāta > raud[rāta] > [rǭta] > [rauta] > [raut] > [raud]✧ PE17/186

Variations

  • raud ✧ PE17/049; PE17/118; PE17/147; PE17/186
Sindarin [PE17/049; PE17/118; PE17/147; PE17/186] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

Sindarin [PM/363, VT/41:9] Group: SINDICT. Published by

arod

noble

1b _adj._noble. >> raud

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:49] < _(a)rātā_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

adj. #noble.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _arāta_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < *_arāta_ < RAT tower up. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

Cognates

  • Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/186
  • T. aráta “noble” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

  • arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PE17/039; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
  • rāta “lofty, high, noble” ✧ PE17/049
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
  • ARAT “good, excellent, noble” ✧ PE17/147

Element in

  • S. Arodreth “Noble Endurance” ✧ PE17/182
  • S. Arothir “Noble Lord”
  • S. Finrod ✧ VT41/09
  • S. Thinrod “noble member of the Thindrim” ✧ VT41/09

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
arātā > arod[arātā] > [arāta] > [arǭta] > [arauta] > [araut] > [araud] > [arod]✧ PM/363
Sindarin [PE17/039; PE17/049; PE17/147; PE17/182; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

raud

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. rāta. >> arod, taer

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < RAT tower up. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

taer

lofty

adj. lofty. Q. tāra.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < TAG. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

taer

adjective. lofty, lofty, *high

Cognates

  • Q. tára “lofty, tall, high” ✧ PE17/186; PE17/186

Derivations

  • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186
  • tagra ✧ PE17/186
    • TĀ/TAƷ “high, high, [ᴹ√] lofty; noble” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
tagra > taer[taɣra] > [tagra] > [taɣra] > [taira] > [tair] > [taer]✧ PE17/186
Sindarin [PE17/186] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arphen

noun. a noble

Sindarin [WJ/376] ar-+pen. Group: SINDICT. Published by

arth

adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)

Sindarin [Arthedain LotR] Q arta or OS *artʰa, CE *arâtâ. Group: SINDICT. Published by

bain

good

_ adj. _good, wholesome, blessed, fair (esp. of weather). . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:149] < ƀan fair. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

maer

good

_ adj. _good.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:162] < MAY. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

maer

good

adj. good, proper, excellent. Q. mára good, proper, Q. maira excellent. >> mae-. This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:172] < (A)MAY suitable, useful, prosper, serviceable, right. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ma

adjective. good

_ adj. _good. Archaic and obsolete except as interjection 'good, excellent, that's right'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:162] < *_magā_ < MAGA to thrive, be in good state. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

eithel

well

(= source) eithel (spring, issue of water), pl. eithil

eithel

well

(spring, issue of water), pl. eithil

mae

well

(adverb) mae (lenited vae).

mae

well

(lenited vae).

beleg

mighty

1) beleg (great), lenited veleg, pl. belig; 2) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

beleg

mighty

(great), lenited veleg, pl. belig

orchall

lofty

(superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail)

arwen

noble woman

(pl. erwin).****

ar

noble

(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

ar

noble

(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

arn

noble

(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

arn

noble

(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.

arphen

noble

(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.

arphen

noble

pl. erphin

arth

lofty

1) arth (noble, exalted), pl. erth, 2) brand (high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind, 3) orchall (superior, eminent), pl. erchail (for archaic örchail), 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

arth

lofty

(noble, exalted), pl. erth

brand

lofty

(high, noble, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

brand

noble

(high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

raud

noble

(eminent, high), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed.  4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

taur

lofty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

maer

good

_(”useful” of things _ not of moral qualities) maer (lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.

maer

good

(lenited vaer, no distinct pl. form) (fit, useful). For ”good” as an adjective describing human qualities, the word fael ”fair-minded, just, generous” may be considered.

taur

mighty

(also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime, noble; vast, masterful, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”.

Telerin 

aráta

adjective. noble

Cognates

  • S. arod “noble” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

  • arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PM/363
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

Variations

  • arāta ✧ PM/363

Primitive elvish

aran

root. good, excellent, noble

An extended root in 1957 Quenya Notes based on √AR “beyond, further than”, √ARAN was glossed “good, excellent, noble” but was principally used for Q. aran, S. aran “king” (PE17/147).

Derivatives

  • arn(a)- “noble, royal”
  • Q. aran “king” ✧ PE17/147
  • S. aran “king, lord, chief, (lit.) high or noble person, king, lord, chief, (lit.) high or noble person; [N.] lord (of a specific region)” ✧ PE17/147
    • S. ar(a)- “noble, royal, high” ✧ Let/426

Variations

  • ARA|N|T ✧ PE17/148
Primitive elvish [PE17/147; PE17/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arat

root. good, excellent, noble

Derivatives

  • Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty” ✧ PE17/147
  • Q. Aratar “High Ones, The Exalted, The Supreme” ✧ SA/ar(a)
  • Q. aráto “champion, eminent man, noble, lord, king” ✧ PE17/147; SA/ar(a)
  • Q. ráta- “to excel, surpass” ✧ PE17/147
  • S. arod “noble” ✧ PE17/147
  • S. raud “noble, eminent; lofty, high, tall; excellent” ✧ PE17/147

Elements

WordGloss
RĀ/ARA“noble, high, royal”

Variations

  • ARA|N|T ✧ PE17/148
  • arat- ✧ SA/ar(a)
Primitive elvish [PE17/147; PE17/148; SA/ar(a)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ari

root. good, excellent, noble

An extended root in 1957 Quenya Notes based on √AR “beyond, further than”, √ARI was glossed “good, excellent, noble” but was principally used for the prefix Q. ari- (PE17/147). This prefix was glossed “good” in the 1957 Quenya Notes, but in notes on comparison (probably from the early 1960s) it was used as a superlative prefix (PE17/56-57). The corresponding S. superlative prefix seems to be ro- (PE17/147).

Derivatives

  • Q. ar(i)- “superlative prefix; good, superlative prefix; good; [ᴱQ.] intensive” ✧ PE17/147
Primitive elvish [PE17/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mai

adverb. well

Derivations

  • MAY “excellent, admirable, beautiful; make [art]; suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right”

Derivatives

  • S. mae “well; excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/016; PE17/017

Variations

  • măgē ✧ PE17/016
Primitive elvish [PE17/016; PE17/017] Group: Eldamo. Published by

may

root. excellent, admirable, beautiful; make [art]; suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right

A root appearing in Tolkien’s later writings with a variety of glosses: √MAY “make (in artistic sense as ποιήτης [Greek: make, create])” in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 (PE17/145, 163), {√MAGA >>} √(A)MAY “suitable, useful, proper, serviceable; right” in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 but this note was crossed through (PE17/172), √MAY “excellent, admirable” elsewhere in DLN (PE17/172), again as √MAY “excellent, admirable” in notes contemporaneous to the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 (PE17/150, 163) and finally as √MAY “beautiful” in notes from the late 1960s (VT47/18).

Two notable derivatives of √MAY were S. mae “well” (PE17/17, 163) and Q. Maia (PE17/163; VT47/18), but elsewhere these two words were derived from the root √MAG “good (useful)” (PE17/16, 162; PE19/46, 62, 75, 94). In the aforementioned notes from the late 1960s, however, Tolkien said “maga was distinct from maʒa and maya” (VT48/18). For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would assume the root √MAY was distinct from √MAG, having the meaning “excellent, admirable, beautiful” and by extension the creation of beautiful things such as art, to allow the retention of 1957 words like Q. maitar “artist” (PE17/163).

A possible precursor to this root is unglossed ᴱ√MAẎA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. mai “too much” and ᴱQ. maira “excessive, strong” (QL/60); perhaps a more extreme version of its later sense “excellent”. The entry also included ᴱQ. mairu “(horse ?); mane, flowing hair”, but Tolkien marked this word with a “?”, perhaps indicating he was unsure it was from this root (QL/60).

Derivatives

  • mai “well”
    • S. mae “well; excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/016; PE17/017
  • Māya ✧ VT47/18
    • Q. Maia “(angelic) spirit, the Beautiful” ✧ PE19/075; PE19/094
  • Q. mai “well, well; [ᴱQ.] too much” ✧ PE17/162
  • Q. mai- “excellent, admirable, excellent, admirable; *well, happily” ✧ PE17/163
  • Q. amya- “excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/163
  • Q. Maia “(angelic) spirit, the Beautiful” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/163; PE17/163
  • Q. maina “thing of excellence, treasure” ✧ PE17/163
  • Q. maira “admirable, excellent, precious, splendid, sublime” ✧ PE17/163; PE17/163; PE17/172
  • Q. mairë “work of high and beautiful art, the process of producing a work” ✧ PE17/163
  • Q. mairëa “beautiful (of things made by art)” ✧ PE17/163
  • Q. maitar “artist; poet” ✧ PE17/163
  • S. ein- “excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/163
  • S. mae “well; excellent, admirable” ✧ PE17/163
  • S. maen “a treasure” ✧ PE17/163
  • S. maer “good, excellent, fair, good, excellent, fair; [N.] useful, fit, good (of things)” ✧ PE17/162; PE17/163; PE17/163
  • S. maeron “artist, poet” ✧ PE17/163

Element in

  • Q. maita- “to make with art, design, compose” ✧ PE17/163

Variations

  • (A)MAY ✧ PE17/146; PE17/172 ((A)MAY)
  • maya ✧ VT47/18
  • may ✧ VT47/18
Primitive elvish [PE17/145; PE17/146; PE17/150; PE17/162; PE17/163; PE17/172; VT47/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

manrā

adjective. good

Derivations

  • MAN “good (morally), blessed, holy, unmarred, free from evil, good (morally), blessed, holy, unmarred, free from evil; [ᴹ√] holy spirit” ✧ PE17/162

Derivatives

  • Q. mára “good, proper, good, proper; [ᴹQ.] useful, fit, good (of things), [ᴱQ.] excellent; mighty, power, doughty” ✧ PE17/162
Primitive elvish [PE17/162] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

mai

adverb. well

Element in

brand

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brann

adjective. lofty, noble, fine

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

taur

adjective. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime

Noldorin [Ety/395] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brand

adjective. high (in size)

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brann

adjective. high (in size)

Noldorin [Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

taura

adjective. mighty

Cognates

  • N. taur “vast, mighty, overwhelming, awful, huge; high, sublime” ✧ Ety/TUR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶taurā “masterful, mighty” ✧ Ety/TUR
    • ᴹ√TUR “power, control, mastery, victory” ✧ Ety/TĀ; Ety/TÁWAR; Ety/TUR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶taurā > taura[taurā] > [taura]✧ Ety/TUR

Old Noldorin 

tōra

adjective. lofty

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high” ✧ Ety/TĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶tārā “lofty” ✧ Ety/TĀ
    • ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” ✧ Ety/AYAK; Ety/TĀ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶tārā > tōra[tārā] > [tāra] > [tǭra]✧ Ety/TĀ

Variations

  • tára ✧ EtyAC/TĀ
Old Noldorin [Ety/TĀ; EtyAC/TĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

magra

adjective. good

Derivations

  • ᴹ√MAG “use, handle” ✧ EtyAC/MAƷ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√MAG > magra[magra]✧ EtyAC/MAƷ
Old Noldorin [EtyAC/MAƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

tārā

adjective. lofty

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TĀ/TAƷ “high, lofty; noble” ✧ Ety/AYAK; Ety/TĀ

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. tar- “high; king or queen (in compounds)” ✧ EtyAC/TĀ
  • ᴹQ. tára “lofty, high” ✧ Ety/TĀ; Ety/TÁWAR
  • On. tōra “lofty” ✧ Ety/TĀ

Element in

Variations

  • tāra ✧ Ety/AYAK; Ety/KHIL
  • Tára ✧ Ety/NIK-W
  • tára ✧ EtyAC/AYAK
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AYAK; Ety/KHIL; Ety/NIK-W; Ety/TĀ; Ety/TÁWAR; EtyAC/AYAK; EtyAC/TĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

nogrin

adjective. excellent, conspicuous

Variations

  • nogriol ✧ GL/61

nogriol

adjective. excellent, conspicuous

mai

adverb. well

Changes

  • mâ/maimai ✧ GL/56

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MANA “*good (moral)”

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ GL/20 ()
  • mâ/mai ✧ GL/56 (mâ/mai)
Gnomish [GL/20; GL/52; GL/56] Group: Eldamo. Published by

annor(in)

adjective. lofty

Changes

  • andorannor ✧ GL/19

Derivations

Variations

  • annor ✧ GL/19
  • annorin ✧ GL/19
  • andor ✧ GL/19 (andor)
  • annuir ✧ PE13/110
Gnomish [GL/19; PE13/110] Group: Eldamo. Published by

annuir

adjective. lofty

dara

adjective. lofty

Cognates

  • Eq. tára “lofty, high, tall” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári

Derivations

  • ᴱ√DAHA “*high” ✧ LT1A/Qalmë-Tári

Element in

  • G. daroth “summit, peak” ✧ GL/29; LT1A/Qalmë-Tári
Gnomish [GL/29; LT1A/Qalmë-Tári] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mandra

adjective. noble

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MANA “*good (moral)”
Gnomish [GL/56; LT1A/Mánir] Group: Eldamo. Published by

baldrin

adjective. mighty

polodrin

adjective. mighty

A word appearing as G. polodrin “mighty” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjective form of G. polod “power, might, authority” (GL/64). It had an archaic variant {poldurin >>} †polurin or polorin which was sometimes used as a sobriquet for Tulcus.

Neo-Sindarin: Since ᴹ√POL(OD) still had to do with “strength” in Tolkien’s later writings, I’d adapt this word as ᴺS. polodhren “mighty, ✱powerful” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin using the later Sindarin adjective -ren. Given the meanings of its base noun (including authority), I’d assume this adjective has a connotation of political power. I’d constrast it with S. belaith which I’d use for “mighty” in general (independent of authority).

Changes

  • poldurinpolurin ✧ GL/64

Cognates

  • Eq. poldórea “muscular, powerful” ✧ GL/64

Variations

  • polurin ✧ GL/64 (polurin)
  • polorin ✧ GL/64 (polorin)
  • poldurin ✧ GL/64 (poldurin)
Gnomish [GL/64; LT1A/Poldórëa] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mawr

adjective. good

mora

adjective. good

Cognates

  • Eq. mára “mighty, power[ful], doughty; good, excellent, useful (of things)”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MAHA “grasp”

Element in

Variations

  • mawr ✧ PE13/115
Gnomish [GG/10; GG/15; GG/16; GL/17; GL/56; GL/57; PE13/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

maur

adjective. good

Changes

  • moirmaur ✧ PE13/150
  • mórmaur ✧ PE13/150

Cognates

  • Eq. mára “mighty, power[ful], doughty; good, excellent, useful (of things)” ✧ PE13/122; PE13/125

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MAHA “grasp”

Element in

Variations

  • môr ✧ PE13/122; PE13/124; PE13/125; PE13/125
  • mór ✧ PE13/124; PE13/150 (mór)
  • mor ✧ PE13/124
  • moir ✧ PE13/150 (moir)
Early Noldorin [PE13/122; PE13/124; PE13/125; PE13/150] Group: Eldamo. Published by

môr

adjective. good

Early Quenya

ausi-

prefix. well

Derivations

  • ᴱ√AW̯A “*wealth” ✧ QL/033

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√AW̯A > ausi-[awsi-] > [ausi-]✧ QL/033
Early Quenya [QL/033] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mande

adverb. well

Cognates

  • G. mai “well”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MANA “*good (moral)” ✧ QL/058

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MANA > mande[mandē] > [mande]✧ QL/058
Early Quenya [QL/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tampo

noun. well

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s given as ᴱQ. tampo “a well”, derived from the root ᴱ√TṂPṂ “build”; Tolkien considered transferring the word to ᴱ√TAPA “✱stretch” (QL/93). This word also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/93).

Neo-Quenya: I think ᴺQ. tampo “well” might be salvaged in Neo-Quenya as a derivative of √TAM “construct”; it is used this way in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TṂPṂ > tampo[tṇ̄pō] > [tṇ̄po] > [tampo]✧ QL/093
Early Quenya [PME/093; QL/093] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vande

adverb. well

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VANA “*beauty” ✧ QL/099

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√VANA > vande[βandē] > [βande] > [vande]✧ QL/099

Variations

  • vande ✧ QL/099
Early Quenya [QL/099] Group: Eldamo. Published by

orda

adjective. lofty

orwa

adjective. lofty

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ORO “steepness, rising” ✧ QL/070

Element in

  • Eq. ordie “height, loftiness” ✧ QL/070

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ORO¹ > orwa[orwā] > [orwa]✧ QL/070

Variations

  • orda ✧ QL/070
Early Quenya [QL/070] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tahóra

adjective. lofty

Changes

  • dahóratahóra “lofty” ✧ PE12/021

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶taχsođa “seated high” ✧ PE12/021
    • ᴱ√DAHA “*high”
  • ᴱ√DAHA “*high” ✧ QL/087

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶taχ-sṓđā́ > tahóra[taxsōðā] > [taxsōða] > [taxsōza] > [taxsōra] > [tahōra]✧ PE12/021
ᴱ√TAHA > tahōra[taxsōðā] > [taxsōða] > [taxsōza] > [taxsōra] > [tahōra]✧ QL/087

Variations

  • dahóra ✧ PE12/021 (dahóra)
  • tahōra ✧ PME/088; QL/087 (tahōra)
  • tayóra ✧ QL/087
Early Quenya [PE12/021; PME/088; QL/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mára

adjective. mighty, power[ful], doughty; good, excellent, useful (of things)

Cognates

  • En. maur “good” ✧ PE13/122; PE13/125
  • G. mora “good”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MAHA “grasp” ✧ QL/057

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MAHA > māra[maxrā] > [maxra] > [maɣra] > [māra]✧ QL/057

Variations

  • māra ✧ GG/10; PE13/122; PE15/32; QL/057
  • Mára ✧ LFC/030
  • mā-ra ✧ PE13/125
  • măra ✧ PE14/048
  • mara ✧ PE14/081; PE15/73
  • mára ✧ PE16/137; PE16/140
Early Quenya [GG/10; LFC/030; PE13/122; PE13/125; PE14/048; PE14/081; PE15/32; PE15/73; PE16/137; PE16/140; PE16/141; QL/057] Group: Eldamo. Published by

túrea

adjective. mighty

Variations

  • tūrea ✧ QL/095 (tūrea)
Early Quenya [QL/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by