-li

suffix. noun suffix

-lim

suffix. many

-liont

suffix. *tendril

A suffix mentioned in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, final element in the name G. Gungliont (GL/54). It may have the same meaning as ᴱQ. liante “tendril” (QL/53).

mavlantos

noun. sycamore

A word appearing as G. mavlantos “sycamore” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently a blending of G. mavlant “palm” and G. blantos “sycamore” (GL/23, 55). This word likely refers to the sycamore’s flat and palm-like leaves.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would adapt this word as ᴺS. mablanthos, a noun formation based on mâb and [ᴺS.] plant “flat”.

talgrin(d)

noun. ankle

A word appearing as G. {talrid >> talrind >>} talgrin(d) “ankle” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (along with a number of other rejected variants), a combination of G. tâl “foot” and G. grinn “ankle, wrist” (GL/69) and analogous to G. mabrin(d) “wrist”.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt this early word as ᴺS. tallif “ankle, (lit.) foot-link”, with a second element S. lîf “link” as seen in the 1968 word S. molif “wrist, (lit.) hand link” (VT47/6).

amosgarn

noun. robin

The word G. amosgarn “robin” appeared in Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (PE13/110), a combination of G. ammos “breast(plate)” and G. carn(in) “scarlet” and equivalent to ᴱQ. karneambar “robin, (lit.) red-breast” (QL/48).

Conceptual Development: Several similar forms appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon proper: G. {ambogrintha, amrintha >>} ammogrint “red breast” (GL/19) and G. {crinthambos >>} crinthammos “red breast, robin” (GL/27), but these words used G. crintha “rosy, pink” rather than G. carn(in) “scarlet”.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt this word as ᴺS. amosgarn “robin, (lit.) red-breast” as a combination of ᴺS. ammos “breast” and a modified form of S. caran “red”.

glonthen

noun. dandelion, (lit.) eye of the day

A word for “dandelion” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as G. glonthen and derived from primitive ᴱ✶glon-χend, effectively a combination of the genitive glôn of G. glâ “day” and G. hen “eye”, and thus more literally “eye of the day” (GL/40).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would update the initial element to be based on the later word S. aur “day”, revising this word to ᴺS. orchen “dandelion, (lit.) day-eye”.

gwithadr

noun. shuttle

The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. gwithadr and gwithant “shuttle” based on the early root ᴱ√gu̯iđ (GL/46).

Neo-Sindarin: Tolkien had a later root √WIR for “weave”, so I’d update these Gnomish words to ᴺS. gwirthar “shuttle” = √WIR + √THAR, (lit.) “weave-across”.

hum(i)los

noun. (red) poppy

A noun appearing as G. humilos or humlos “poppy” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently a combination of G. hûm “sleep” and G. lôs (GL/49); compare to ᴱQ. fúmelot, its likely Early Qenya cognate (QL/39). It was followed by an archaic form †humethla, probably cognate to the other Early Qenya “poppy” word: ᴱQ. fumella (GL/49; QL/39). In other notes in the period, Tolkien had G. humethla and humloth as cognates to ᴱQ. fumella, which Tolkien described as “the red poppy that grew in hosts in Lorien’s gardens” (PE15/14).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would update this word to ᴺS. lurloth “poppy, (lit.) flower of sleep” using the element [ᴺS.] lûr “sleep” which is better supported by Tolkien’s later writings, and S. loth “flower” as the final element.

mirwelthin

noun. vintage

A word appearing as G. mirwelthin “vintage” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. mîr “wine” and an (adjectival?) form of the verb G. gweltha- “squeeze, press” (GL/45, 57).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word slightly as ᴺS. mirwelthen “vintage, ✱(lit.) wine pressing” using a more ordinary Sindarin adjective suffix -en, and would assume the initial element is ᴺS. miru “wine” as seen in miruvor.

suithlas

noun. tea

A noun appearing as G. suithlas “tea” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. suith “drink” and G. lass “leaf” (GL/68).

Neo-Sindarin: The first element of this Gnomish word was derived from the early root ᴱ√SOKO “drink”, and there are signs that the root √SOK survived as late as 1960 (VT39/11). As such, I’d retain ᴺS. suithlas “tea, (lit.) drink-leaf” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin. However Steve/Ríon proposed a neologism ᴺS. yllas “tea” in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2018-11-18, based on the assumption that √YUL “drink” replaced √SOK.

(be)bilfir

noun. conscience

-inthir

suffix. diminutive

-la

suffix. noun suffix

-od

suffix. noun suffix

-on

suffix. noun suffix

-st

suffix. noun suffix

-thi

suffix. noun suffix

-wen

suffix. noun suffix

-weth

suffix. noun suffix

-wi

suffix. noun suffix

a

preposition. from

acha

noun. waterfall

ain

noun. god

aithl

noun. spring

aithyl

noun. spring

amaith

noun. mother

amil

noun. mother

annor(in)

adjective. lofty

annuir

adjective. lofty

aur(a)

noun. Sun

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as Aur “Sun” (GL/20), probably a cognate of ᴱQ. Ûr from the root ᴱ√URU as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Ûr; QL/098). It appeared as aura in G. nalos·aura “sunset” and G. orosaura “sunrise” (GL/59, 62). The word G. aur “sun” was also mentioned in Gnomish Lexicon Slips with corrections for that document (PE13/114), but by The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. aur meant “day”, whereas N. Anor became the name of the Sun (Ety/ANÁR, AR¹).

aura-nûmin

proper name. Sunset

awsirol

adjective. fortune

a·laithra nin

I forget it, *(lit.) it slips for me

bageth

noun. market

bedhri

noun. wedding

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s for “a wedding”, a combination of the early root ᴱ√Beđ- for marriage words and the noun suffix G. -ri (GL/22).

bedhron

noun. husband

A noun appearing as G. bedhron “husband” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s replacing archaic G. †benn, a combination of the early root ᴱ√Beđ that was the basis for marriage words and the agental suffix G. -(r)on (GL/22).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this into Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. bethron “spouse (m.)”, a combination of the later root ᴹ√BES “wed” and the same agental suffix, where sr became thr.

benn

noun. husband

blantos

noun. sycamore

A word for “sycamore” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently a noun form of G. blant “flat”, likely referring to its leaves and possibly a reduced form of G. mavlantos of the same meaning (GL/23).

cafalon

adjective. bald, *(lit.) head-naked

cafol

adjective. bald

cathor

noun. helmet, (lit.) head-ward

celebron

proper name. Moon

cilobinc

noun. robin

A word for “robin” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with a variant cílobi, related to the verb G. ciloba- “chirp” (GL/26) and ᴱQ. kilapi “robin” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/46).

clum(mi)

noun. mushroom

A noun appearing as {clumbi >>} G. clummi or clum “mushroom” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/26), cognate to ᴱQ. telumbe “mushroom” under the root ᴱ√TELE “cover in” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/90). It is an example of the sound change whereby tl became cl in Gnomish.

Neo-Sindarin: This sound change occurred in Noldorin of the 1930s but not Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s; compare N. eglenn to S. edlen(n) “exiled” (Ety/LED; PE17/51). To avoid these questions, I would adapt this Gnomish word as ᴺS. telum “mushroom” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

corob

noun. skull

A word appearing as G. corob “a skull” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/26), likely related to ᴱ√KORO “be round” (QL/48).

Neo-Sindarin: Since √KOR “round” survived in Tolkien’s later conception of the languages, I’d retain this word as ᴺS. corob “skull”, especially since other early “skull” words such as ᴱN. cas derived from ᴱ√KASA “head” were probably no longer viable since non-initial s generally vanished in Sindarin.

crinthammos

noun. robin, (lit.) red-breast

criscolas

noun. holly, (lit.) *sharp-leaf

curug

noun. wizard

cweloth

noun. fading

cwenn

noun. Elf

cwintha-

verb. to fill

cílobi

noun. robin

cî

adverb. here

dara

adjective. lofty

dodri·lassion

noun. autumn, *(lit.) falling of leaves

dor-tathrin

place name. Land of Willows

dori

noun. queen

doriath

place name. Doriath

doros

noun. throne

dorven

noun. landscape, scene, *(lit.) land-shape

The word G. dorven “landscape, scene” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon (GL/30), probably a combination of G. dôr “land”G. benn “shape”.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt this word as ᴺS. dorgant “landscape, scene”, a combination of S. dôr and later word S. cant “shape”, also hinted at by the word S. dorgannas“shapes of the lands” = “✱geography”.

dos

adverb. when

dui

adverb. where

duif

noun. stream

duil

noun. swallow

duilin

masculine name. Swallow

duilin(g)

noun. swallow

duilinc

noun. swallow

duruchalm

proper name. Yule

durufui

proper name. Yule, (lit.) Log-night

egla

noun. fairy, (lit.) being from outside

elf(in)

cardinal. five

fabwed

adjective. corpulent

fadro(n)

adjective. too much

faig

adjective. cruel

fann

noun. year

fanuin

masculine name. Year

fauglas

noun. tobacco

fengvain

noun. quiver

fenlug

noun. snake

fent

noun. snake

A word for “snake” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, along with a deleted variant fenlug (fenlog-) (GL/34), the latter probably a combination with G. lûg “snake”. It was clearly a cognate of ᴱQ. fent “serpent” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/38).

fing

adjective. narrow

fiont(ha)

adjective. later

fostrin

adjective. odorous

fuglas

noun. tobacco, *(lit.) smoke leaf

fuglos

noun. tobacco

fuior

noun. deadly nightshade

gadorwen

noun. society

gailbridh(n)ir

feminine name. Queen of Stars

gaiw

adjective. pregnant

An adjective appearing as G. {gaib >>} gaiw “pregnant” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/37), derived from primitive ᴱ✶gīwă with the Gnomish sound change of ī > ai (GG/14).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. gaew “pregnant” representing the Sindarin sound change of ai > ae, derived from the Neo-Root ᴺ√GIW having to do with pregnancy. In Tolkien’s later conception of the languages, its primitive form would need to be ✱gaiwa, the result of a-fortification of the root: compare [N.] maew “gull” derived from the root ᴹ√MIW (Ety/MIW).

galaduir

proper name. Sun

galoth

noun. window, *(lit.) light hole

gant

adjective. larger, greater, more, (lit.) increased

gaul

noun. light

glindwil

noun. swallow

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s for the bird “swallow” with variants glindwil and lindwil, a combination of G. glin “sound” and the suffixal form -wil of G. bil bird (GL/39, 54).

gobos

noun. haven

govedhri

noun. wedding

gulin

adjective. patient, enduring, long suffering; (lit.) burdened

gurmir

noun. drink of the Valar, *(lit.) sweet wine

gwerb(e)lin

noun. top, whirligig, *(lit.) wind-unwind

A noun for a “top, whirligig” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently a combination of G. gwer- “turn” and [possibly] G. belin “unrolled” (GL/22, 46), so perhaps meaning “✱unrolled turner”.

gwithant

noun. shuttle

gân ar gantha

*young and old, (lit.) young and adult

hadang

noun. javelin, (lit.) hurling iron

hadung

noun. javelin, (lit.) hurling iron

hairen

feminine name. Spring

halm na-dhuruthon

proper name. Yule

helfin(n)

noun. icicle

helfingl

noun. icicle

hetheglon

noun. daisy

hum

adverb. (right) down, (lit.) to bottom

humethla

noun. (red) poppy

humloth

noun. (red) poppy

hŷr

noun. sun

A word appearing in the Gnomish Lexicon Slips of the 1910s as {ŷr >>} hŷr “sun” beside a variant G. aur of the same meaning (PE13/114).

idhru

place name. the world

ilbrant

noun. rainbow

ilvrant

noun. rainbow

ilwint

noun. sky, heavens; (lit.) face of god

A noun in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s described as follows:

> ilwint (face of God ?) = Q ilwe. The blue airs (above Gwilfa) that flow about the stars. The etymology “face of god” is popular and responsible for form, which is properly (and so occurs) ilwi or ilwin (GL/50).

Thus this word is the equivalent of ᴱQ. ilwe “sky, heavens” from the root ᴱ√ILU (QL/42), but a folk etymology assumed the final element was G. gwint “face”, and this supplemented the more ordinary historical form ilwi(n).

im

noun. fairy

i·bridwen a·vridwen

poetic justice, (lit.) the judgement of fate

lath

noun. year

lenchos

noun. distance

lim

adjective. many

lingos

noun. snake

lubi

adjective. corpulent

luib

adjective. thirsty

luthany

place name. England, (lit.) Friendship

lûg

noun. snake

mab(a)

noun. mother

mabinos gwilbriniol

noun. sycamore

mabir

noun. mother

mabrin(d)

noun. wrist

magruluib

adjective. bloodthirsty

magruluist

noun. bloodthirstiness

magrusaig

adjective. bloodthirsty

magrusaith

noun. bloodthirstiness

mai

adverb. well

man

masculine name. Man

maudrimad

noun. breakfast

A noun appearing as G. maudrimad “breakfast” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. maudri “early morn before dawn” and G. mâd “meal” (GL/57).

Neo-Sindarin: I would update this word to ᴺS. amorvad “breakfast” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin using my preferred neologism ᴺS. amor for “morning”.

mirobin

noun. grape

A noun appearing as G. mirobin “grape” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/57). Its initial element is G. mîr or miros “wine” and its second element is probably a reduced form of G. pibin “small berry”, hence: “✱wine berry”.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would adapt this word as ᴺS. mirybin, updating the initial element to miru- as seen in S. miruvor, but with the u becoming y via i-affection.

nalos·aura

proper name. Sunset

nan tathrin

place name. Land of Willows

nanwin

noun. mother

nauglafel

adjective. mean, avaricious, (lit.) dwarf-natured

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s meaning “mean, avaricious”, more literally “dwarf-natured” as a combination of G. naugla “of dwarves” and G. fel “like” (GL/59). Tolkien also gave it the Greek gloss αίσχροκέρδος, or “shameful desire of gain” according to the editors.

nig(la)

noun. mouse

The words G. nig and nigla “a mouse” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s above the verbs G. nigla- “thieve” and G. nig- “steal” (GL/60), probably derived from a variant of the early root ᴱ√NAQA “steal” (QL/64).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word into Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. nigol “mouse”, reconceived of as elaboration of √NIK “small”.

ninconin

noun. snowdrop

nunta-

verb. to assent

nân

noun. mother

o

preposition. from

odra

adverb. very

on iltathi nin pieg

*he stuck me with a pin, (lit.) he stuck in to me a pin

orosaura

noun. sunrise

o·gwath lemp nin

he beckons, *(lit.) he wags a finger at me

pant palthaion

*book, (lit.) arrangement of pages

pant taithron

*book, (lit.) arrangement of letters

pibinaith(ros)

noun. hawthorn

A word for “hawthorn” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently a combination of G. pibin “small berry, haw” and a variant of G. aithos “thorn bush” (GL/64). Another word of “hawthorn” in this document was G. tadhos (GL/68).

pinaithros

noun. hawthorn

raibrog

noun. zebra

The word for “zebra” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s was raibrog or ribrog with a feminine variant raibros, a combination of G. raib “striped” and G. brog “horse” (GL/64).

Neo-Sindarin: I’d adapt this word as ᴺS. raebroch for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, using the later word S. roch for “horse”.

ribrog

noun. zebra

rost’aura

proper name. Sunrise

rothwarin

collective name. Cavern-dwellers

rân

noun. Moon

saidhon

noun. noon

sarothod

noun. voyager, seafarer, (lit.) foreigner from overseas

sarothwad

noun. voyager, seafarer, (lit.) foreigner from overseas

sath

cardinal. ten

sempios

noun. holly, (lit.) *red-berry

sâ

noun. fire

sî

adverb. here

tadhos

noun. hawthorn

A noun appearing as G. tadhos “hawthorn” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of G. tath (tadh-) “hedge” based on the early root ᴱ√tadh- (GL/68).

Neo-Sindarin: I would retain ᴺS. tadhos “hawthorn” based on an updated Neo-Root ᴺ√TAD “enclosure”; see that entry for details.

taitha-

verb. to teach

tethlas

noun. petal, *(lit.) bud-leaf

A noun appearing as G. tethlas “petal” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of G. teth “bud” and G. lass “leaf” (GL/70), the latter sometimes also used for “petal” according to Tolkien’s notes in the 1910s (GL/52).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would adapt this word as ᴺS. tuilas “petal” using the 1930s word [N.] tui “bud” instead of 1910s teth. However, I would use S. lass only for “leaf”, not “petal”.

thasgim

noun. *razor, (lit.) shave-blade

The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had a word thastril “razor”, an elaboration of G. thas- “shave” (GL/72). It also had (unglossed) G. thasgim probably of the same meaning, a combination of G. thas- “shave” and G. cim “blade” (GL/26).

Neo-Sindarin: Since I retain both ᴺS. thas- “shave” and ᴺS. cim “blade” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would use ᴺS. thasgim for “razor”.

thothweg

noun. wizard

thugli

noun. resin

timbridhil

feminine name. Queen of Stars

Precursor to S. Elbereth from the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, a combination of tim “star” and Bridhil “queen” (GL/24, 70). In this period, only its Qenya equivalent ᴱQ. Tinwetári was used in the narratives. The name did appear in the earliest Silmarillion drafts of the late 1920s (SM/82), and a variant of this name, N. Timbredhil, appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s (Ety/TIN), but starting with the Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, Tolkien consistently used Elbereth instead.

tinthurwin

feminine name. Queen of Stars

tuil

noun. spring

turinthi

noun. princess

turwin

noun. queen

tuvrin

adjective. acceptable

An adjective appearing as G. tuvrin “acceptable” in the Gnomish Lexicon based on G. tû- “get, receive, take”, followed by -riol indicated a variant form [tuv]riol (GL/71).

tuvriol

adjective. acceptable

tîr

noun. king

tûr

noun. king

uimoth

noun. whale, (lit.) sheep of the waves

A noun appearing as G. uimoth “a whale” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, literally meaning “sheep of the waves”, a combination of G. uin “†wave” and G. moth “sheep” (GL/74). In the Gnomish Lexicon, the sense “wave” for uin was marked as archaic (†), and it also came to mean “whale” in ordinary speech after the name of the great whale Uin.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would update this word to ᴺS. gwimmaf “whale”, a combination of gwing “foam” and [ᴺS.] maf “sheep”.

uril

proper name. Sun

âch

noun. waterfall

ômgulin

adjective. patient

to

proper name. To